JP4630845B2 - Pansy having a deformed lower lip and its production method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pansy having a deformed lower lip and a method for producing the pansy. More specifically, the pansy of the present invention is characterized in that the lower lip has a hereditary trait that is strongly inwardly conjugated in the longitudinal direction.

  Pansies (Violetaceae Viola) is a horticultural species made by crossing wild species of V.lulea, V.cornuta, V.altaica, V.calcarata, etc., with Viola tricolor native to Europe. Many new lines and varieties have been created in Japan and other countries. Currently, pansies are positioned as very important plants in flower beds, and the role played by breeding (breeding) is large (Non-patent Document 1).

  Originally, the nature of pansy was flowering on long spring days, but breeding has produced not only short-day flowering but also cultivars that continue to bloom even at extremely low temperatures in winter, autumn, winter, You can enjoy flowers through spring. In addition, with the improvement of vases, which are the most important traits in horticultural gardening, diversification is rapidly progressing with regard to flower size, flower shape, and flower color. Since it blooms even in cold seasons when there are few flowers and is a flower that is preferred by consumers, new varieties of pansies are being sought.

  For example, in the pansy flower shape variation, there is a so-called frill-like form (fringe blooming) in which the circumference of the petal undulates. Fringe-bloomed pansy varieties (for example, Cancan mix, Flamen comics, Sharon Supreme, Orchi, etc.) are very popular, and many seeds and pot seedlings are sold. Fringe pansies are produced by crossing lines with frill traits, but if only one parent is a line with frill traits, the expression of the frill traits in the child is incomplete and very weak, and the degree of frills is small . Therefore, in order to obtain a complete frill shape in the offspring, it is necessary that the parents have a frill trait.

  In addition to the fringe blooming, there is a demand for pansies with new flower shapes that increase the value of the product.

Suzuki Motoo (1989), (9) Pansy, Sanshiki Sumire, Plant Genetic Resource Assembly, IV Hanatsubaki, p.986, Kodansha

An object of the present invention is to provide a pansy of a system (of a deformed lower lip valve) in which the lower lip valve is strongly bent and conjugated in the vertical direction.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for transmitting a deformed lower lip characteristic to a progeny of pansy.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of making a pansy having a deformed lower lip.

  The present inventors have found a mutant individual of pansy whose lower lip is strongly inwardly conjugated in the longitudinal direction among the growing pansies, and uses the pansy as a pollen parent and has other normal petals. When both were crossed with the pansy as the seed parent, a pansy with a deformed lower lip similar to that of the pollen parent was produced, and it was confirmed that the trait was inherited in the progeny and established as a line with that trait. The present invention was completed successfully.

  That is, the present invention is summarized as follows.

The present invention provides, in the first aspect, a pansy characterized by having a hereditary trait in which the lower lip flap incurs 50% or more in the longitudinal direction.
In another embodiment, it is female sterile.
In a second embodiment, the pansy is used as a pollen parent, and a pansy having a normal petal is used as a seed parent. Provide a way to do it.
In a third embodiment, the pansy having a hereditary trait in which the lower lip is inflected in a vertical direction by 50% or more, comprising crossing the pansy as a pollen parent and a pansy having a normal petal as a seed parent Provide production methods.
In another embodiment, a pansy having a trait in which the lower lip is inflected by 50% or more in the longitudinal direction and a pansy having the normal petal appear at about 1: 1.
In another embodiment, the method further comprises growing by vegetative propagation or seeding.
In the present specification, the vertical direction refers to a direction from the center of the flower toward the outer edge.
In the present specification, the inner song means that the petal is bent inward.
In the present specification, conjugation means that petals are bent inward and the edges of petals overlap.
In the present specification, the frill means undulation of the edge of the petal, but also includes the undulation of the entire petal. In addition, a flower having a frill-like petal is generally referred to as a fringe flower, but a flower whose entire petal is wavy is also included in the fringe flower and is not particularly distinguished.

  The pansy of the present invention has a deformed lower lip valve that the lower lip valve is strongly bent and conjugated in the vertical direction, which was not found in conventional pansies, and can increase the commercial value of the pansies. . It can be easily propagated by vegetative propagation and sowing, and can be distributed in the form of seedlings.

  In addition, by using pansy pollen having a deformed lower lip for mating, the trait of the deformed lower lip can be transmitted and maintained throughout the progeny.

  Furthermore, by breeding various types of pansies as seed parents and the pansies of the present invention as pollen parents, various new types of pansies having deformed lower lip flaps can be produced.

  In this specification, a pansy belongs to the violet family Viola genus, and includes a plant called horticultural pansy or viola. In horticulture, pansies with relatively large flowers and violas with small flowers are classified, but in reality, small and medium-sized pansies and large-wheeled viola are sold, and there are no boundaries between them, and in the present invention both It is called pansy and is not distinguished. The flowering period is from October to May, sowing is from July to February, and cuttings are not suitable at high temperatures in summer (for example, temperatures of about 30 ° C. or higher), but they are possible at any other time. The heat resistance is weak and the cold resistance is strong. Although it is originally a perennial, it is difficult to go through summer in Japan, and it is treated as an annual in horticulture.

  A pansy generally has five petals, but there are also many petals, and is not particularly limited. In the case of five petals, the upper two are called the upper valve, the two next are the side valves, and the lower one is called the lower lip.

  In the pansy of the present invention, the lower lip has a longitudinal lip of 30% or more, 40% or more, preferably 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, A strain having a genotype that expresses such a trait, characterized by 100% or more inflection. The lower lip valve of the pansy of the present invention is preferably bent from 50% or more to 100% or more, that is, entangled and overlapped to form a cylindrical shape. Including

  Usually, pansy has fertility, and seeds can be easily obtained by self-pollination (self-pollination) or cross-pollination. Viola and pansies can also be crossed to obtain seeds. However, the pansies of the present invention are female sterile and seeds cannot be obtained by either self-pollination or cross-pollination. However, since it is male fertile (pollen fertility), seeds can be obtained by crossing the pansy of the present invention as a pollen parent and at least another pansy that is female fertile as a seed parent.

  Note that the nutritional master of the pansy of the present invention is owned by the applicant, and can be guaranteed to be sold in accordance with Article 27-3 of the Patent Law Enforcement Regulations.

Next, the pansy production method of the present invention will be described.
First, in a normal normal petal pansy, the one before flowering (before flowering) is selected, and the lower lip and stamen are removed. Next, in the mutant strain, pollen is collected from a flower that has been several days after flowering (for example, if the flower is flicked several times, pollen is collected near the base of the lower lip), and the pollen is After the emasculating flower is opened, it is attached to the stigma of the pistil. If pollination is successful, the ovary begins to swell and seeds can be collected after about 35 days.

  When seeds collected by the above method are sown, a pansy having a deformed lower lip characteristic and a pansy having a normal petal appear at about 1: 1. Assuming that the trait in which the lower lip of the pansy of the present invention is 50% or more is dominated by the dominant gene, the pansy of the pansy line of the present invention is homozygous for the pollen and the recessive gene. It can be explained that the progeny of the hybrid with the other pansy line of the present invention has a 1: 1 separation between the heterozygous pansy individual of the present invention and the other pansy individual with recessive homozygosity.

  The pansy of the present invention is affected by the traits of the seed parent with respect to traits other than the deformed lower lip, such as flower color, petal frills, etc. Change occurs. Even a pansy with a deformed lower lip having the same pollen parent / seed parent may have different color development (for example, darker / lighter flower color) if the strain is different (FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B). Similarly, even in normal petal pansies, color development and the like may be different for different strains (FIGS. 4A and 4B). In addition, the pansy plant of the present invention tends to be slightly smaller than the seed parent plant.

  If an individual having a desired trait is selected as a seed parent, a new variety pansy having both the desired trait and a trait in which the lower lip flaps can be created. It is also possible to create a plurality of new varieties such as a pansy with a deformed lower lip, a pansy with a normal petal, and a pansy with different flower colors in one mating.

  The pollen of the pansy of the present invention obtained by the above production method can be further used to produce a progeny pansy. When the above production method is repeated and seeded so that the flower blooms, a pansy having a deformed lower lip characteristic and a pansy having a normal petal appear again at 1: 1. The trait of the deformed lower lip can be reproduced for generations and is established as a strain having a genotype related to the deformed lower lip.

  The pansy of the present invention can be increased by vegetative propagation, such as cutting, and the side branch may be cut and inserted into the culture soil. According to vegetative propagation, the offspring inherits the properties of the parent strain, so that all individuals vegetatively propagated have the pansy trait of the present invention.

  The cultivation of the pansy of the present invention can be easily flowered by planting in a conventional method, for example, in a pot containing commercially available culture soil.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, it is not limited to these.

  In 2003, we found one mutant strain in which the lower lip flap was conjugated in the vertical direction (atypical lower lip flap) among about 5,000 strained pansies (Fig. 1). In order to obtain a progeny line, self-pollination and cross-pollination with an existing breeding line (normal petal line) were performed (where F1 obtained by crossing with the existing breeding line (normal petal line)) A line (self-breeding line) in which the character has become uniform by self-breeding and repeating individual selection and self-breeding after F2.

  The seeds of the mutant strain were sown in early August, and seedlings one month later were planted in pots containing culture soil, and were used as pollen parents and seed parents after flowering.

  As a result of the mating, seeds could not be obtained by self-pollination of the deformed lower lip flap individual and cross-pollination with the breeding line as the pollen parent. As a result of mating with the breeding line as the seed parent and the deformed lower lip individual as the pollen parent, seeds were obtained in various offspring lines.

  The obtained seeds were sown and flowered, and the cycle was repeated in which the emerged deformed lower lip individual was used as the pollen parent and the normal petal line was used as the seed parent, and the progeny seed was obtained. As a result, it was confirmed that the deformity of the deformed lower lip was hereditary.

  A pansy with a deformed lower lip line was crossed with a pollen parent, and a pansy with a normal petal line was mated with a seed parent to obtain seeds. Normal petal lines are J33 (viola, light blue purple / medium yellow: blotch), V99 (viola, white: lined), J209 (viola, red: blotch) and K302 (viola) Yellow).

  In early August 2004, seedlings were sown in commercially available seeding soil, and seedlings one month later were planted in pots containing culture soil. After flowering, individuals with deformed lower lip were selected, mated with the breeding line as the seed parent, and progeny seeds were collected.

  When the progeny were tested (flowered), various pansies with deformed lower lip flaps could be produced as shown in FIG. In the upper pansy of FIG. 2, the seed parent at the time of the first mating is J33, and the lower pansies are V99, J209, and K302 from the left.

  We tried self-pollination of deformed lower lip system. Since the lower lip is strongly bent, all petals were removed, the pistil was completely exposed, and the pollen adhering to the lower lip was firmly attached to the tip of the stigma (Figure 3, right side) : Before petal removal, left side: after petal removal). In all pansies of the deformed lower lip line, seeds were not obtained and were sterile.

  The pollen fertility was investigated because it was sterile in self-pollination of the deformed lower lip system. When the pollen of the deformed lower lip line pansy was crossed with the pansy of the normal petal line, seeds were obtained, and it was confirmed that the pollen of the deformed lower lip line had fertility.

  In addition, the number of seeds obtained per pod was investigated. The results are shown in Table 1.

  The amount of seeds obtained was not different from the seed parent self-propagation, and the seed fertility was normal. From this, it was estimated that the sterility caused by self-pollination was female sterility.

  In order to analyze the inheritance of deformed lower lip, the pollen of pansy from deformed lower lip was crossed with pansy from normal petal line, and the next generation trait separation was investigated. The results are shown in Table 2.

  As a result of the progeny test, it became clear that normal petal individuals and deformed lower lip individual separated almost 1: 1. As described above, assuming that the variant mutation is dominant gene control, it is a progeny of a hybrid between a heterozygous heteromorphic lower lip petal line and a normal petal line homozygous for a recessive gene. It appears that lip flap individuals appear at 1: 1.

  In order to diversify the deformed lower lip system, we used the pansy of the deformed lower lip system as a pollen parent and crossed it with various normal petals. Specifically, normal petal pansies with various flower colors were pollinated, seeds were obtained from each cross, and the next-generation traits were evaluated.

  As a result, it was confirmed that individuals with various petal shapes, flower colors and deformed lower lip appeared depending on the traits of the seed parent, and a new variety of pansy was obtained. Even with the same seed parent and pollen parent, it was found that the flower color, etc., may differ if the child strain is different. However, a normal petal individual: a heterogeneous lower lip individual appeared at about 1: 1. 4A and 4B show a pansy of a pollen parent, a pansy of a seed parent, a pansy of a deformed lower lip and a pansy of a normal petal produced by crossing these.

  The vegetative reproduction of the pansy of the present invention was examined. The side branch of the deformed lower lip flap individual was cut, inserted into the culture soil, and budted (FIG. 5). Rooting was easily observed, and the traits of the pansy of the present invention were stable. That is, the pansy of the present invention could be easily propagated by vegetative propagation.

  The pansies of the present invention contribute to the cultivation and sales of pansies with high market value.

A mutant strain with a deformed lower lip is shown. 1 shows a pansy of the present invention. The pansy and its pistil of this invention are shown. The pollen parent of the present invention, the seed parent, and their child are shown. The pollen parent of the present invention, the seed parent, and their child are shown. 2 shows a pansy of the present invention by vegetative propagation.

Claims (7)

1 is a pansy derived from the pansy described in FIG. 1, wherein the lower lip flap is inwardly curved along the longitudinal direction from the center of the flower toward the outer edge, and the edge of the lower lip valve is in contact with the inner curvature. The pansy characterized by having a hereditary trait in which the lower lip flap is inflected by 50% or more and female sterility when the state is inflected 100%.   The pansy according to claim 1, wherein when a pansy having a normal petal is crossed as a seed parent, the pansy having the hereditary trait and the pansy having a normal petal appear at about 1: 1.   The lower lip is along the longitudinal direction from the center of the flower toward the outer edge, comprising crossing the pansy according to claim 1 or 2 as a pollen parent and a pansy having a normal petal as a seed parent. Hereditary traits in which the lower lip flap is inflected more than 50%, and female sterility To communicate to the progeny of Pansy.   The method according to claim 3, wherein the pansy having the hereditary trait and the pansy having a normal petal appear at about 1: 1.   The lower lip petals along the longitudinal direction from the center of the flower toward the outer edge, comprising crossing the pansies according to claim 1 or 2 as pollen parents and the pansies having normal petals as seed parents. The hereditary trait and the female sterility that the inferior lip valve incurs more than 50%, assuming that the inflection and the inflection of the inferior lip flap are in contact 100% How to make pansies.   6. The method of claim 5, wherein the pansy having the hereditary trait and the pansy having a normal petal appear at about 1: 1.   The method according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising growing by vegetative propagation.

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