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JP4648080B2 - Method of manufacturing electric circuit for crack detection, crack detection system and crack detection method - Google Patents
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JP4648080B2 - Method of manufacturing electric circuit for crack detection, crack detection system and crack detection method - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing electric circuit for crack detection, crack detection system and crack detection method Download PDF

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JP4648080B2
JP4648080B2 JP2005141704A JP2005141704A JP4648080B2 JP 4648080 B2 JP4648080 B2 JP 4648080B2 JP 2005141704 A JP2005141704 A JP 2005141704A JP 2005141704 A JP2005141704 A JP 2005141704A JP 4648080 B2 JP4648080 B2 JP 4648080B2
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crack detection
electric circuit
crack
coating film
conductive
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JP2006317350A (en
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司 西村
昶夫 皆川
博明 渡邉
芳之 小島
貴司 仲山
将樹 田邊
英志 川口
正幸 横尾
佳奈恵 染矢
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Fujikura Kasei Co Ltd
Railway Technical Research Institute
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Fujikura Kasei Co Ltd
Railway Technical Research Institute
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Description

本発明は、トンネルなどの構造物のひび割れを検知するためのひび割れ検知用電気回路およびその製造方法、ひび割れ検知システムならびにひび割れ検知方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a crack detection electric circuit for detecting cracks in a structure such as a tunnel, a manufacturing method thereof, a crack detection system, and a crack detection method.

トンネルや橋梁などコンクリート構造物は、設計時に想定されていなかった荷重の影響や経年変化によるコンクリートの劣化により、ひび割れを生じることがある。ひび割れを放置しておくと、コンクリート構造物が破損するおそれがあるので、それを未然に防ぐために、ひび割れを早期に検知し、修復する必要がある。
構造物のひび割れを検知する方法としては、目視検査、ハンマーによる打音検査、超音波による検査等が行われている。しかしながら、目視検査、ハンマーによる打音検査においては、ひび割れの有無は各検査者の判断に委ねられており、検査者毎に結果が異なる可能性があった。したがって、ひび割れ検知の正確性が低かった。また、超音波による検査では、検査者が構造物表面に超音波を照射し、超音波反射の状態をモニタで観察してひび割れを判定しなければならないから、効率的ではなかった。さらに、これらの方法では、構造物を列車や車が通過しない時間内でしか検査できないという問題があった。
Concrete structures such as tunnels and bridges may crack due to the influence of loads that were not assumed at the time of design and deterioration of concrete due to aging. If the crack is left unattended, the concrete structure may be damaged. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to detect and repair the crack at an early stage.
As a method for detecting cracks in a structure, visual inspection, hammering sound inspection, ultrasonic inspection, and the like are performed. However, in the visual inspection and the hammering sound inspection with a hammer, the presence or absence of cracks is left to the judgment of each inspector, and the result may be different for each inspector. Therefore, the accuracy of crack detection was low. In addition, ultrasonic inspection is not efficient because the inspector must irradiate the surface of the structure with ultrasonic waves and observe the state of ultrasonic reflection on the monitor to determine cracks. Furthermore, these methods have a problem that the structure can be inspected only within the time when the train or car does not pass.

そこで、コンクリート構造物の表面に、導電塗料、導電性樹脂、導電性コーティング材などの導電材を塗装して導電回路を形成し、その導電回路の通電状態の変化を検出してコンクリート構造物のひび割れを検知する方法が提案されている(特許文献1参照)。この方法では、構造物のひび割れに伴って電気回路が破断した際に生じる電気抵抗の変化を検出してひび割れを検知する。
特開2001−201477号公報
Therefore, the surface of the concrete structure is coated with a conductive material such as conductive paint, conductive resin, or conductive coating material to form a conductive circuit, and a change in the conduction state of the conductive circuit is detected to detect the change in the concrete structure. A method for detecting cracks has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). In this method, a crack is detected by detecting a change in electrical resistance that occurs when an electric circuit breaks due to a crack in a structure.
JP 2001-201477 A

しかしながら、特許文献1には、概念的なことしか記載されておらず、ひび割れ等の異常を検知するための具体的手段が記載されていないため、ひび割れを正確に検知することができないことがあった。例えば、大きなひび割れが生じているにもかかわらず、ひび割れを検知しなかったり、ひび割れが生じていないにもかかわらず、ひび割れを通知したりすることがあった。
本発明は、前記事情を鑑みてなされたものであり、ひび割れを正確に常時検知できるひび割れ検知用電気回路およびその製造方法、ひび割れ検知システム、ひび割れ検知方法を提供することを目的とする。
However, Patent Document 1 describes only conceptual things, and does not describe specific means for detecting abnormalities such as cracks, so that cracks may not be detected accurately. It was. For example, there is a case where a crack is not detected even though a large crack is generated, or a crack is notified even when a crack is not generated.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a crack detection electric circuit capable of accurately detecting cracks at all times, a manufacturing method thereof, a crack detection system, and a crack detection method.

本発明のひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法は、コンクリート製構造物表面に、親水性溶剤を含む2液硬化型溶剤系塗料からなる第1の塗料を塗布し、乾燥して下塗り塗膜を形成する第1の工程と、下塗り塗膜上に導電性塗料を、乾燥塗膜の幅が5〜30mmかつ厚さが5〜50μmになるように塗布し、乾燥して導電性塗膜を形成する第2の工程と、下塗り塗膜および導電性塗膜に、該導電性塗膜を溶解または膨潤させない溶媒を含む2液硬化型溶剤系塗料からなる第2の塗料を塗布し、乾燥して保護塗膜を形成する第3の工程とを有することを特徴とする。
本発明のひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法においては、導電性塗料が1液型塗料であることが好ましい。
本発明のひび割れ検知システムは、上述したひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法により製造されたひび割れ検知用電気回路と、該ひび割れ検知用電気回路を通電する通電手段と、該ひび割れ検知用電気回路の通電状態を測定する測定手段と、測定手段で測定したひび割れ検知用電気回路の通電状態に基づいてひび割れの発生を判定する判定手段とを具備することを特徴とする。
本発明のひび割れ検知方法は、上述したひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法により製造されたひび割れ検知用電気回路の通電状態を測定し、その導電回路の通電状態に基づいてひび割れの発生を検知することを特徴とする。
In the method for manufacturing an electrical circuit for detecting cracks according to the present invention, a first paint composed of a two-component curable solvent-based paint containing a hydrophilic solvent is applied to the surface of a concrete structure and dried to form an undercoat film. A first coating step, and applying a conductive coating on the undercoat so that the dry coating has a width of 5 to 30 mm and a thickness of 5 to 50 μm, and is dried to form a conductive coating. In the second step, the second coating composed of a two-component curable solvent-based coating containing a solvent that does not dissolve or swell the conductive coating is applied to the undercoat coating and the conductive coating, and dried to protect it. And a third step of forming a coating film.
In the method for manufacturing an electrical circuit for crack detection according to the present invention, the conductive paint is preferably a one-component paint.
The crack detection system of the present invention includes a crack detection electric circuit manufactured by the above-described method for manufacturing a crack detection electric circuit, energization means for energizing the crack detection electric circuit, and energization of the crack detection electric circuit. It is characterized by comprising measuring means for measuring the state and determination means for determining the occurrence of cracks based on the energization state of the crack detection electric circuit measured by the measuring means.
The crack detection method of the present invention measures the energization state of a crack detection electric circuit manufactured by the above-described method of manufacturing a crack detection electric circuit, and detects the occurrence of a crack based on the energization state of the conductive circuit. It is characterized by.

本発明のひび割れ検知用電気回路、ひび割れ検知システムおよびひび割れ検知方法によれば、構造物のひび割れを正確に常時検知できる。すなわち、ひび割れが生じていない場合にはひび割れを通知することがなく、ひび割れが生じた際にひび割れを正確に通知することができる。
本発明のひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法によれば、構造物のひび割れを正確に常時検知できるひび割れ検知用電気回路を製造できる。
本発明のひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法において、第1の塗料および/または第2の塗料が2液硬化型溶剤系塗料であれば、塗料の加熱硬化が困難な場所でも下塗り塗膜および/または保護塗膜を形成できる。
本発明のひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法において、第1の塗料の溶媒が親水性溶剤を含んでいれば、水分を含む構造物に対して密着性に優れた下塗り塗膜を形成できる。
本発明のひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法において、導電性塗料が1液型塗料であれば、導電性を安定して確保することができる。
本発明のひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法において、第2の塗料の溶媒が、導電性塗膜を溶解または膨潤させないものであれば、ひび割れ検知の正確性低下を防止できる。
According to the electric circuit for crack detection, the crack detection system and the crack detection method of the present invention, it is possible to always detect a crack of a structure accurately and constantly. That is, when no crack is generated, the crack is not notified, and when the crack is generated, the crack can be accurately notified.
According to the method for manufacturing a crack detection electric circuit of the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a crack detection electric circuit capable of accurately and constantly detecting cracks in a structure.
In the method for producing an electrical circuit for crack detection according to the present invention, if the first paint and / or the second paint is a two-component curable solvent-based paint, the undercoat film and / or the Or a protective coating film can be formed.
In the method for producing an electrical circuit for crack detection according to the present invention, if the solvent of the first paint contains a hydrophilic solvent, an undercoat film having excellent adhesion to a structure containing moisture can be formed.
In the method for manufacturing an electrical circuit for crack detection according to the present invention, if the conductive paint is a one-component paint, the conductivity can be stably secured.
In the method for manufacturing an electrical circuit for crack detection according to the present invention, if the solvent of the second paint does not dissolve or swell the conductive coating film, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the accuracy of crack detection.

本発明のひび割れ検知用電気回路の一実施形態例について説明する。
図1に、本実施形態例のひび割れ検知用電気回路の断面図を示す。このひび割れ検知用電気回路1は、構造物10表面に形成された積層塗膜20からなり、積層塗膜20が、構造物10表面上に形成された下塗り塗膜21と、下塗り塗膜21上に形成された導電性塗膜22と、導電性塗膜22を被覆する保護塗膜23とを有して構成されている。
An embodiment of an electric circuit for crack detection according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the crack detection electric circuit of this embodiment. The crack detection electrical circuit 1 includes a laminated coating film 20 formed on the surface of the structure 10, and the laminated coating film 20 is formed on the undercoat coating film 21 formed on the surface of the structure 10 and the undercoat coating film 21. The conductive coating film 22 is formed, and the protective coating film 23 covers the conductive coating film 22.

構造物10としては、例えば、トンネル、建物、高架道路およびその支柱、橋梁、煙突などが挙げられる。構造物10の材質としては特に制限されないが、コンクリート製である場合に、本発明の効果がとりわけ発揮される。   Examples of the structure 10 include a tunnel, a building, an elevated road and its support, a bridge, and a chimney. Although it does not restrict | limit especially as a material of the structure 10, When it is a product made from concrete, the effect of this invention is exhibited especially.

下塗り塗膜21は、第1の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料(第1の塗料)が塗布されて形成された絶縁性を有する塗膜である。ここで、絶縁性とは、塗膜上に形成した電極間の絶縁抵抗が10Ω以上のことである。コンクリート構造物は含水状態である場合、10Ω程度の絶縁抵抗を有することがある。このため、導電性塗膜の抵抗値を正確に測定するには、導電性塗膜とコンクリート構造物との抵抗値の差が大きい程良い。したがって、下塗り塗膜21の絶縁性はできるだけ高いことが好ましい。また、下塗り塗膜21は、構造物10から導電性塗膜22への水分の移行を防ぐために、耐水性を有することが好ましい。 The undercoat coating film 21 is an insulating coating film formed by applying a first two-component curable solvent-based paint (first paint). Here, the insulating property means that the insulation resistance between the electrodes formed on the coating film is 10 4 Ω or more. If the concrete structure is hydrated state may have an insulation resistance of about 10 0 Omega. For this reason, in order to accurately measure the resistance value of the conductive coating film, the larger the difference in resistance value between the conductive coating film and the concrete structure, the better. Therefore, it is preferable that the insulation property of the undercoat coating film 21 is as high as possible. The undercoat coating film 21 preferably has water resistance in order to prevent moisture from transferring from the structure 10 to the conductive coating film 22.

下塗り塗膜21の幅としては、導電性塗膜22の幅より広いことが好ましい。下塗り塗膜21の幅が導電性塗膜22の幅より広ければ、構造物10と導電性塗膜22との短絡を防ぐことができるため、ひび割れ検知の正確性をより高くできる。また、下塗り塗膜21の厚さとしては、5〜50μmであることが好ましい。下塗り塗膜21の厚さが5μm未満であると、構造物10と導電性塗膜22とを短絡させてしまうことがあり、50μmを超えると、下塗り塗膜21の形成が困難になる傾向にある。   The width of the undercoat coating film 21 is preferably wider than the width of the conductive coating film 22. If the width of the undercoat coating film 21 is wider than the width of the conductive coating film 22, the short circuit between the structure 10 and the conductive coating film 22 can be prevented, so that the accuracy of crack detection can be further increased. Moreover, as thickness of the undercoat coating film 21, it is preferable that it is 5-50 micrometers. When the thickness of the undercoat coating film 21 is less than 5 μm, the structure 10 and the conductive coating film 22 may be short-circuited. When the thickness exceeds 50 μm, the formation of the undercoat coating film 21 tends to be difficult. is there.

導電性塗膜22は、1液型導電性塗料が塗布されて形成された塗膜であり、体積固有抵抗値が10−1Ω・cm以下、好ましくは10−3Ω・cm以下の塗膜である。構造物10がコンクリート製である場合、湿潤状態で導電性を有するが、導電性塗膜22の体積固有抵抗値が10−1Ω・cm以下であれば、コンクリート製構造物の体積固有抵抗値より小さくなるため、より正確にひび割れを検知できる。 The conductive coating film 22 is a coating film formed by applying a one-pack type conductive paint, and has a volume resistivity of 10 −1 Ω · cm or less, preferably 10 −3 Ω · cm or less. It is. When the structure 10 is made of concrete, it has conductivity in a wet state, but if the volume resistivity of the conductive coating film 22 is 10 −1 Ω · cm or less, the volume resistivity of the concrete structure Since it becomes smaller, cracks can be detected more accurately.

導電性塗膜22は、幅が5〜30mmであり、かつ、厚さが5〜50μmである。導電性塗膜22の幅が5mm以上かつ厚さが10μm以上であることにより、平常時におけるひび割れ検知用電気回路の抵抗値を低くでき、かつ安定させることができる。一方、導電性塗膜22の幅が30mm以下かつ厚さが30μm以下であることにより、構造物10のひび割れに伴ってひび割れ検知用電気回路を確実に破断させることができる。   The conductive coating film 22 has a width of 5 to 30 mm and a thickness of 5 to 50 μm. When the width of the conductive coating film 22 is 5 mm or more and the thickness is 10 μm or more, the resistance value of the electric circuit for crack detection in normal times can be lowered and stabilized. On the other hand, when the conductive coating film 22 has a width of 30 mm or less and a thickness of 30 μm or less, the crack detection electric circuit can be reliably broken along with the crack of the structure 10.

保護塗膜23は、第2の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料(第2の塗料)が塗布されて形成された塗膜である。
保護塗膜23の幅としては、導電性塗膜22の幅より広いことが好ましい。保護塗膜23の幅が導電性塗膜22の幅より広ければ、外気中の水分が導電性塗膜22に付着することを防止できるため、ひび割れ検知の正確性をより高くできる。また、保護塗膜23の厚さとしては、5〜50μmであることが好ましい。保護塗膜23の厚さが5μm未満であると、損傷しやすく、保護膜としての機能を充分に果たせないことがあり、50μmを超えると、保護塗膜23の形成が困難になる傾向にある。
The protective coating film 23 is a coating film formed by applying a second two-component curable solvent-based paint (second paint).
The width of the protective coating film 23 is preferably wider than the width of the conductive coating film 22. If the width of the protective coating film 23 is wider than the width of the conductive coating film 22, it is possible to prevent moisture in the outside air from adhering to the conductive coating film 22, so that the accuracy of crack detection can be further increased. Moreover, as thickness of the protective coating film 23, it is preferable that it is 5-50 micrometers. When the thickness of the protective coating film 23 is less than 5 μm, the protective coating film 23 is easily damaged and may not function sufficiently as a protective film. When the thickness exceeds 50 μm, the formation of the protective coating film 23 tends to be difficult. .

以上説明したひび割れ検知用電気回路1では、導電性塗膜22の幅および厚さが特定されているため、ひび割れを正確に常時検知できる。
特に、このひび割れ検知用電気回路1においては、構造物10と導電性塗膜22との間に下塗り塗膜21が形成されているため、構造物10が導電性を有しても、ひび割れを検知できる。さらに、導電性塗膜22が保護塗膜23により被覆されているため、外気中の水分、粉塵、NOx、SOxが導電性塗膜22に付着してひび割れ検知の正確性が低下することを防止できる。
In the crack detection electric circuit 1 described above, since the width and thickness of the conductive coating film 22 are specified, the crack can be detected accurately and constantly.
In particular, in this crack detection electric circuit 1, since the undercoat film 21 is formed between the structure 10 and the conductive coating film 22, even if the structure 10 has conductivity, it does not crack. Can be detected. Furthermore, since the conductive coating film 22 is covered with the protective coating film 23, it prevents the moisture, dust, NOx, and SOx in the outside air from adhering to the conductive coating film 22 and reducing the accuracy of crack detection. it can.

上記ひび割れ検知用電気回路を形成するためには、まず、第1の工程にて、構造物10表面に、第1の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料を塗布し、乾燥して下塗り塗膜21を形成する。
第1の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料は、主剤と硬化剤と親水性溶剤を含有するものである。第1の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料の主剤としては、例えば、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ化合物、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ化合物、フェノール変性エポキシ化合物、ウレタン変性エポキシ化合物、脂環式エポキシ化合物などが挙げられる。
また、硬化剤としては、例えば、アミン化合物、ポリアミド、酸無水物、フェノールなどが挙げられる。
親水性溶剤としては、例えば、アセトン、メチルエチルケトンなどのケトン類、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール、イソブタノールなどのアルコール類などが挙げられる。
In order to form the crack detection electric circuit, first, in the first step, the first two-component curable solvent-based paint is applied to the surface of the structure 10 and dried to form the undercoat film 21. Form.
The first two-component curable solvent-based paint contains a main agent, a curing agent, and a hydrophilic solvent. Examples of the main component of the first two-component curable solvent-based paint include bisphenol A type epoxy compounds, bisphenol F type epoxy compounds, phenol modified epoxy compounds, urethane modified epoxy compounds, and alicyclic epoxy compounds.
Examples of the curing agent include amine compounds, polyamides, acid anhydrides, and phenols.
Examples of the hydrophilic solvent include ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and isobutanol.

次いで、第2の工程にて、下塗り塗膜21上に、乾燥塗膜の幅が5〜30mmかつ厚さが5〜50μmになるように1液型導電性塗料を塗布し、乾燥して導電性塗膜22を形成する。   Next, in the second step, a one-pack type conductive paint is applied on the undercoat coating film 21 so that the dry coating film has a width of 5 to 30 mm and a thickness of 5 to 50 μm, and is dried to be conductive. The coating film 22 is formed.

1液型導電性塗料(導電性塗料)は、樹脂成分と導電性成分と溶媒とを含有するものである。1液型導電性塗料の樹脂成分としては、導電性塗膜22の伸張による検知感度低下を防ぐために、構造物10表面の温度より高いガラス転移温度を有するものが好ましい。構造物10表面の温度より高いガラス転移温度を有する樹脂成分としては、例えば、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、アクリル樹脂などが挙げられる。
導電性成分としては、例えば、銀、銅、ニッケル、カーボン、グラファイトなどの粒子、またはそれらの合金などが挙げられる。
溶媒としては、周知の溶剤を使用できる。
このような導電性塗料においては、乾燥時に導電性成分同士が接触することにより、導電性を持った塗膜を形成することができる。
The one-pack type conductive paint (conductive paint) contains a resin component, a conductive component, and a solvent. The resin component of the one-pack type conductive paint preferably has a glass transition temperature higher than the temperature of the surface of the structure 10 in order to prevent a decrease in detection sensitivity due to stretching of the conductive coating film 22. Examples of the resin component having a glass transition temperature higher than the surface temperature of the structure 10 include polyester, polyurethane, and acrylic resin.
Examples of the conductive component include particles such as silver, copper, nickel, carbon, and graphite, or alloys thereof.
A known solvent can be used as the solvent.
In such a conductive paint, a conductive coating film can be formed by contacting the conductive components at the time of drying.

そして、第3の工程にて、下塗り塗膜21および導電性塗膜22に、第2の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料(第2の塗料)を塗布し、乾燥して保護塗膜23を形成する。
第2の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料は、主剤と硬化剤と溶媒とを含有するものである。第2の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料の主剤としては、例えば、アクリルポリオール化合物、アクリルシリコン化合物、フッ素変性アクリル化合物などが挙げられる。
また、硬化剤としては、例えば、イソシアネート、アミン化合物、ポリアミドなどが挙げられる。
第2の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料の溶媒は、導電性塗膜22の体積固有抵抗値を10倍以上上昇させないものである。このような溶媒としては、例えば、ソルベントナフサ、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノールなどが挙げられる。これらの溶媒は、導電性塗膜22を殆ど溶解することはない。
溶媒が、導電性塗膜22の体積固有抵抗値を10倍以上上昇させないものか10倍以上上昇させるものかを判別する方法としては、試験用コンクリート板上に形成した下塗り塗膜上に導電性塗膜を形成し、導電性塗膜上に第2の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料を塗布し、その塗布前後の導電性塗膜の体積固有抵抗値を測定することにより、判別する方法が挙げられる。
In the third step, the second two-component curable solvent-based paint (second paint) is applied to the undercoat paint film 21 and the conductive paint film 22 and dried to form the protective paint film 23. To do.
The second two-component curable solvent-based paint contains a main agent, a curing agent, and a solvent. Examples of the main component of the second two-component curable solvent-based paint include acrylic polyol compounds, acrylic silicon compounds, and fluorine-modified acrylic compounds.
Moreover, as a hardening | curing agent, an isocyanate, an amine compound, polyamide etc. are mentioned, for example.
The solvent of the second two-component curable solvent-based paint does not increase the volume specific resistance value of the conductive coating film 22 by 10 times or more. Examples of such a solvent include solvent naphtha, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and the like. These solvents hardly dissolve the conductive coating film 22.
As a method for determining whether the solvent does not increase the specific volume resistivity of the conductive coating film 22 by 10 times or more, it is possible to determine whether the solvent is conductive on the undercoat coating film formed on the test concrete board. A method of determining by forming a coating film, applying a second two-component curable solvent-based paint on the conductive coating film, and measuring the volume resistivity value of the conductive coating film before and after the coating is given. It is done.

上記ひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法において、第1の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料、第2の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料、1液型導電性塗料の塗布方法としては特に制限されず、例えば、刷毛塗り、ローラー塗り、スプレー塗装などの方法が挙げられる。
乾燥方法としては、構造物10がトンネルの場合には、自然乾燥が好ましい。
In the manufacturing method of the crack detection electric circuit, the first two-part curable solvent-based paint, the second two-part curable solvent-based paint, and the one-part conductive paint coating method are not particularly limited. , Brush coating, roller coating, spray coating, and the like.
As a drying method, natural drying is preferable when the structure 10 is a tunnel.

上記ひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法では、下塗り塗膜21と特定の寸法の導電性塗膜22と保護塗膜23とを有する積層塗膜20からなるひび割れ検知用電気回路1を形成することができる。
ところで、構造物10は、通常屋外に設けられており、加熱して硬化させることが難しいが、下塗り塗膜21および保護塗膜23の形成に2液硬化型溶剤系塗料を用いることにより、硬化速度を速くできるため、加熱せずに外気温で硬化させることができる。
また、コンクリート構造物などでは水分を含有するため、下塗り塗膜21を形成する塗料が疎水性であると密着性が低くなるが、第1の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料は親水性溶剤を含むため、下塗り塗膜21の構造物10への密着性を高くすることができる。
また、導電性塗膜22を形成する塗料が1液型塗料であり、自然乾燥により溶媒を除去することができるため、加熱硬化をしなくても、導電性成分同士の密着性を高めることができ、高い導電性を安定して確保することができる。
1液型塗料から形成された導電性塗膜22は、硬化剤によって架橋されていないため、溶剤の種類によって溶解または膨潤することがある。しかし、本実施形態例では、保護塗膜23を形成する第2の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料の溶媒として、導電性塗膜22を溶解または膨潤させないものを用いているから、導電性塗膜22の欠陥形成を抑制できるため、ひび割れ検知の正確性低下を防止できる。
In the method for manufacturing the crack detection electric circuit, the crack detection electric circuit 1 comprising the laminated coating film 20 having the undercoat coating film 21, the conductive coating film 22 having a specific size, and the protective coating film 23 can be formed. it can.
By the way, the structure 10 is usually provided outdoors and is difficult to be cured by heating. However, the structure 10 is cured by using a two-component curable solvent-based paint for forming the undercoat coating film 21 and the protective coating film 23. Because the speed can be increased, it can be cured at ambient temperature without heating.
In addition, since concrete structures and the like contain moisture, if the paint forming the undercoat film 21 is hydrophobic, the adhesion is lowered. However, the first two-component curable solvent-based paint contains a hydrophilic solvent. Therefore, the adhesion of the undercoat coating film 21 to the structure 10 can be increased.
Moreover, since the coating material that forms the conductive coating film 22 is a one-component coating material and the solvent can be removed by natural drying, the adhesion between the conductive components can be improved without heat curing. And high conductivity can be secured stably.
Since the conductive coating film 22 formed from the one-component paint is not cross-linked by the curing agent, it may dissolve or swell depending on the type of solvent. However, in the present embodiment example, a solvent that does not dissolve or swell the conductive coating film 22 is used as the solvent of the second two-component curable solvent-based coating material that forms the protective coating film 23. Since the formation of defects 22 can be suppressed, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the accuracy of crack detection.

なお、本発明のひび割れ検知用電気回路およびその製造方法は、上述した実施形態例に限定されない。例えば、第1の塗料および/または第2の塗料が2液硬化型溶剤系塗料でなくてもよいし、第1の塗料の溶媒が親水性溶剤でなくてもよいし、導電性塗料が1液型塗料でなくてもよいし、第2の塗料の溶媒が、導電性塗膜を溶解または膨潤させないものでなくてもよい。   In addition, the electric circuit for crack detection of this invention and its manufacturing method are not limited to the example of embodiment mentioned above. For example, the first paint and / or the second paint may not be a two-component curable solvent-based paint, the solvent of the first paint may not be a hydrophilic solvent, and the conductive paint is 1 It may not be a liquid paint, and the solvent of the second paint may not be one that does not dissolve or swell the conductive coating film.

次に、ひび割れ検知システムの実施形態例について説明する。この検知システムは、図2に示すように、構造物10表面に、上述した積層塗膜20からなるひび割れ検知用電気回路1と、ひび割れ検知用電気回路1を通電する通電手段2と、ひび割れ検知用電気回路1の通電状態を測定する電気抵抗計3(測定手段)と、電気抵抗計3で測定された抵抗値に基づいてひび割れを判定する判定手段4と、判定手段4の判定結果を表示するモニタ5(表示手段)とを具備するものである。
ここで、ひび割れ検知用電気回路1は、構造物10表面にできるだけ均一なパターンで形成されている。通電手段2としては直流電源が使用され、判定手段4としてはコンピュータが使用される。
Next, an embodiment of the crack detection system will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, this detection system includes a crack detection electric circuit 1 made of the above-described laminated coating film 20, an energizing means 2 for energizing the crack detection electric circuit 1, and crack detection. An electrical resistance meter 3 (measuring means) for measuring the energization state of the electrical circuit 1 for use, a determination means 4 for determining a crack based on a resistance value measured by the electrical resistance meter 3, and a determination result of the determination means 4 is displayed. And a monitor 5 (display means).
Here, the crack detection electric circuit 1 is formed on the surface of the structure 10 in a pattern as uniform as possible. A direct current power source is used as the energization means 2 and a computer is used as the determination means 4.

次に、上記ひび割れ検知システムを用いたひび割れ検知方法について説明する。このひび割れ検知方法では、まず、上述したひび割れ検知用電気回路1を通電手段2によって通電し、その抵抗値(通電状態)を電気抵抗計3で測定する。そして、電気抵抗計3によって測定された抵抗値と予め定めた設定値とを判定手段4で比較する。ここで、設定値とは、ひび割れの発生を判定するための基準値のことであり、抵抗値がその値を超えた場合に、構造物10のひび割れによってひび割れ検知用電気回路1が破断もしくは破断寸前の状態にあるように定める。
よって、判定手段4における比較において、測定された抵抗値が設定値より低いとき(図3における範囲A)には、構造物10表面に形成されたひび割れ検知用電気回路1に変化がないから、構造物10にひび割れが生じていないと判定する。一方、測定された抵抗値が設定値より高くなったとき(図3における範囲B)には、ひび割れ検知用電気回路1が破断もしくは破断寸前になったのでひび割れが生じたと判定する。そして、その判定結果をモニタ5に表示させて監視者に知らせる。
以上説明したひび割れ検知システムおよびひび割れ検知方法では、上述したひび割れ検知用電気回路が用いられているため、構造物のひび割れを正確に常時検知できる。
Next, a crack detection method using the crack detection system will be described. In this crack detection method, first, the above-described crack detection electric circuit 1 is energized by the energization means 2 and its resistance value (energization state) is measured by the electric resistance meter 3. Then, the determination unit 4 compares the resistance value measured by the electric resistance meter 3 with a predetermined set value. Here, the set value is a reference value for determining the occurrence of a crack. When the resistance value exceeds the value, the crack detection electric circuit 1 is broken or broken by the crack of the structure 10. Determine to be on the verge.
Therefore, in the comparison in the determination unit 4, when the measured resistance value is lower than the set value (range A in FIG. 3), there is no change in the crack detection electric circuit 1 formed on the surface of the structure 10. It is determined that the structure 10 is not cracked. On the other hand, when the measured resistance value is higher than the set value (range B in FIG. 3), it is determined that a crack has occurred because the crack detection electric circuit 1 has broken or is about to break. Then, the determination result is displayed on the monitor 5 to notify the monitor.
In the crack detection system and the crack detection method described above, since the above-described crack detection electric circuit is used, it is possible to always detect a crack in the structure accurately and constantly.

(実施例1〜3)
以下の製造方法により、コンクリート板にひび割れ検知用電気回路を形成した。
まず、長さ600mm、幅250mm、厚さ90mmのコンクリート板表面の中央付近に、表1に示す第1の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料をローラーにより塗布し、外気温下で4時間自然乾燥して幅50mmの下塗り塗膜を形成した。次いで、下塗り塗膜上に、表2に示す1液型導電性塗料を刷毛により塗布し、外気温下で8時間以上自然乾燥して幅5mmかつ厚さ15μmの導電性塗膜を形成した。そして、下塗り塗膜および導電性塗膜に、表3に示す第2の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料を刷毛により塗布し、外気温下で8時間以上自然乾燥して幅60mmの保護塗膜を形成することにより、ひび割れ検知用電気回路を形成した。
また、導電性塗膜の幅を10mm(実施例2)、20mm(実施例3)にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例1と同じコンクリート板表面にひび割れ検知用電気回路を形成した。
(Examples 1-3)
An electric circuit for crack detection was formed on the concrete plate by the following manufacturing method.
First, the first two-component curable solvent-based paint shown in Table 1 is applied by a roller near the center of the surface of a concrete plate having a length of 600 mm, a width of 250 mm, and a thickness of 90 mm, and then naturally dried for 4 hours at an outside temperature. An undercoat film having a width of 50 mm was formed. Next, the one-pack type conductive paint shown in Table 2 was applied onto the undercoat paint film with a brush, and then naturally dried for 8 hours or more at an outside temperature to form a conductive paint film having a width of 5 mm and a thickness of 15 μm. Then, the second two-part curable solvent-based paint shown in Table 3 is applied to the undercoat film and the conductive film with a brush, and then naturally dried for 8 hours or more at an outside temperature to form a protective film having a width of 60 mm. By forming, an electric circuit for crack detection was formed.
Moreover, the electric circuit for a crack detection was applied to the same concrete board surface as Example 1 like Example 1 except having made the width | variety of a conductive coating film into 10 mm (Example 2) and 20 mm (Example 3). Formed.

なお、第2の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料の溶媒であるソルベントナフサは、導電性塗膜の体積固有抵抗値を10倍以上上昇させないものである。このことは以下の実験により判別した。
すなわち、10cm角のコンクリート板上の全面に、表1に示す第1の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料をローラーにより塗布し、外気温下で4時間自然乾燥して下塗り塗膜を形成した。次いで、下塗り塗膜上に、表2に示す1液型導電性塗料を刷毛により塗布し、外気温下で8時間以上自然乾燥して幅10mm、長さ80mm、厚さ20μmの導電性塗膜を形成した。このときの導電性塗膜の長さ方向の両端に電極を設置して体積固有抵抗値を測定したところ、2×10−4Ω・cmであった。次いで、下塗り塗膜および導電性塗膜に、表3に示す第2の2液硬化型溶剤系塗料を刷毛により塗布して保護塗膜を形成した。そして、保護塗膜から電極を挿入して導電性塗膜の体積固有抵抗値を測定したところ、5×10−4Ω・cmであった。
ソルベントナフサの代わりにトルエンを用いた2液硬化型溶剤系塗料を下塗り塗膜および導電性塗膜に塗布して保護塗膜を形成し、体積固有抵抗値を測定したところ、3×10−3Ω・cmであった。
よって、ソルベントナフサは導電性塗膜の体積固有抵抗値を10倍以上上昇させない溶媒で、トルエンは導電性塗膜の体積固有抵抗値を10倍以上上昇させる溶媒であることが分かった。
Solvent naphtha, which is a solvent for the second two-component curable solvent-based paint, does not increase the volume resistivity value of the conductive coating film by 10 times or more. This was determined by the following experiment.
That is, the first two-component curable solvent-based paint shown in Table 1 was applied to the entire surface of a 10 cm square concrete plate with a roller, and naturally dried for 4 hours at an outside temperature to form an undercoat film. Next, the one-pack type conductive paint shown in Table 2 was applied onto the undercoat film with a brush, and then naturally dried for 8 hours or more at an outside temperature, and the conductive film having a width of 10 mm, a length of 80 mm and a thickness of 20 μm Formed. At this time, electrodes were installed at both ends in the length direction of the conductive coating film, and the volume resistivity value was measured. As a result, it was 2 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. Next, the second two-component curable solvent-based paint shown in Table 3 was applied to the undercoat film and the conductive film with a brush to form a protective film. And when the electrode was inserted from the protective coating and the volume specific resistance value of the conductive coating was measured, it was 5 × 10 −4 Ω · cm.
When a two-component curable solvent-based paint using toluene instead of solvent naphtha was applied to the undercoat film and the conductive film to form a protective film, and the volume resistivity was measured, 3 × 10 −3 It was Ω · cm.
Therefore, it was found that solvent naphtha is a solvent that does not increase the volume resistivity of the conductive coating film by 10 times or more, and toluene is a solvent that increases the volume resistivity of the conductive coating film by 10 times or more.

Figure 0004648080
Figure 0004648080

Figure 0004648080
Figure 0004648080

Figure 0004648080
Figure 0004648080

[ひび割れ検知試験]
図4に示すように、幅の異なる3本のひび割れ検知用電気回路1が中央部に形成されたコンクリート板31の両端を固定具32で固定した。そして、各ひび割れ検知用電気回路1の抵抗値を電気抵抗計により測定しながら、中央部31aを油圧ジャッキ33で押し上げて、コンクリート板31の中央部31aに意図的にひび割れを生じさせた。その際の、ひび割れ幅に対する各ひび割れ検知用電気回路1の抵抗値をプロットした。図5〜図7にその結果を示す。
[Crack detection test]
As shown in FIG. 4, both ends of a concrete plate 31 on which three crack detection electric circuits 1 having different widths are formed at the center are fixed by a fixture 32. And while measuring the resistance value of each electric circuit 1 for crack detection with an electric resistance meter, the central portion 31a was pushed up by the hydraulic jack 33, and the central portion 31a of the concrete plate 31 was intentionally cracked. In this case, the resistance value of each electric circuit 1 for detecting cracks was plotted against the crack width. The results are shown in FIGS.

図5〜7に示すように、ひび割れ幅を増大させると、ある幅でひび割れ検知用電気回路の抵抗値が急激に増大した。これはひび割れに伴ってひび割れ検知用電気回路が破断したためである。このように、導電性塗膜の幅が5〜30mmの範囲内にあった実施例1〜3では、ひび割れを正確に検知することができた。さらに、実施例1〜3の中では、導電性塗膜の幅が10mmである実施例2において最もばらつきが小さくなっていた。   As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, when the crack width was increased, the resistance value of the crack detection electric circuit increased rapidly with a certain width. This is because the crack detection electric circuit broke along with the crack. Thus, in Examples 1 to 3 in which the width of the conductive coating film was in the range of 5 to 30 mm, cracks could be detected accurately. Further, among Examples 1 to 3, the variation was the smallest in Example 2 where the width of the conductive coating film was 10 mm.

本発明のひび割れ検知用電気回路の一実施形態例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows one example of embodiment of the electric circuit for a crack detection of this invention. 本発明のひび割れ検知システムの一実施形態例を模式的に示す図である。It is a figure showing typically an example of one embodiment of a crack detection system of the present invention. ひび割れ検知用電気回路の通電状態を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the electricity supply state of the electric circuit for a crack detection. ひび割れ検知試験を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining a crack detection test. 実施例1のひび割れ検知試験におけるひび割れ幅に対するひび割れ検知用電気回路の抵抗値を示すグラフである。3 is a graph showing a resistance value of a crack detection electric circuit with respect to a crack width in a crack detection test of Example 1. FIG. 実施例2のひび割れ検知試験におけるひび割れ幅に対するひび割れ検知用電気回路の抵抗値を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the resistance value of the electric circuit for a crack detection with respect to the crack width in the crack detection test of Example 2. FIG. 実施例3のひび割れ検知試験におけるひび割れ幅に対するひび割れ検知用電気回路の抵抗値を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the resistance value of the electric circuit for a crack detection with respect to the crack width in the crack detection test of Example 3. FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 ひび割れ検知用電気回路、2 通電手段、3 電気抵抗計(測定手段)、4 判定手段、10 構造物、20 積層塗膜、21 下塗り塗膜、22 導電性塗膜、23 保護塗膜




DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric circuit for crack detection, 2 Current supply means, 3 Electric resistance meter (measuring means), 4 Judgment means, 10 Structure, 20 Laminated coating, 21 Undercoat coating, 22 Conductive coating, 23 Protective coating




Claims (4)

コンクリート製構造物表面に、親水性溶剤を含む2液硬化型溶剤系塗料からなる第1の塗料を塗布し、乾燥して下塗り塗膜を形成する第1の工程と、
下塗り塗膜上に導電性塗料を、乾燥塗膜の幅が5〜30mmかつ厚さが5〜50μmになるように塗布し、乾燥して導電性塗膜を形成する第2の工程と、
下塗り塗膜および導電性塗膜に、該導電性塗膜を溶解または膨潤させない溶媒を含む2液硬化型溶剤系塗料からなる第2の塗料を塗布し、乾燥して保護塗膜を形成する第3の工程とを有することを特徴とするひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法。
Applying a first paint composed of a two-component curable solvent-based paint containing a hydrophilic solvent to the surface of the concrete structure, and drying to form an undercoat film; and
Applying a conductive coating on the undercoat coating so that the dry coating has a width of 5 to 30 mm and a thickness of 5 to 50 μm, and drying to form a conductive coating;
A second coating composed of a two-component curable solvent-based coating containing a solvent that does not dissolve or swell the conductive coating is applied to the undercoat coating and the conductive coating, and dried to form a protective coating. 3. A method for producing a crack detection electric circuit, comprising the step of 3.
導電性塗料が1液型塗料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法。 2. The method for manufacturing an electrical circuit for detecting cracks according to claim 1, wherein the conductive paint is a one-component paint. 請求項1または2に記載のひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法により製造されたひび割れ検知用電気回路と、該ひび割れ検知用電気回路を通電する通電手段と、該ひび割れ検知用電気回路の通電状態を測定する測定手段と、測定手段で測定したひび割れ検知用電気回路の通電状態に基づいてひび割れの発生を判定する判定手段とを具備することを特徴とするひび割れ検知システム。 A crack detection electric circuit manufactured by the method for manufacturing a crack detection electric circuit according to claim 1, an energization means for energizing the crack detection electric circuit, and an energization state of the crack detection electric circuit. A crack detection system comprising: measurement means for measuring; and determination means for determining occurrence of a crack based on an energization state of a crack detection electric circuit measured by the measurement means. 請求項1または2に記載のひび割れ検知用電気回路の製造方法により製造されたひび割れ検知用電気回路の通電状態を測定し、その導電回路の通電状態に基づいてひび割れの発生を検知することを特徴とするひび割れ検知方法。 3. A method of measuring a current-carrying state of a crack-detecting electric circuit manufactured by the method of manufacturing a crack-detecting electric circuit according to claim 1 or 2, and detecting the occurrence of a crack based on the current-carrying state of the conductive circuit. Crack detection method.
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