JP4658384B2 - Waste refrigeration treatment apparatus and refrigeration treatment method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste refrigeration treatment apparatus and a refrigeration treatment method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a waste refrigeration treatment that enables highly efficient refrigeration treatment with liquid nitrogen without being affected by the dose of waste. The present invention relates to an apparatus and a refrigeration processing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a conventional waste refrigeration apparatus. Wastes such as waste tires, mats, and PET bottles need to be finely pulverized without being deteriorated, sorted and reused, and are generally subjected to refrigeration. The refrigeration apparatus is used in combination with a cutting machine for roughly cutting waste, a pulverizer for further finely pulverizing after freezing, a sorting machine, and the like.
[0003]
A conventional refrigeration apparatus 71 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-5843) has a structure in which waste 73 cut into chips by the above cutting machine is administered into a tank 72 in which liquid nitrogen is stored. Specifically, the waste 73 is transferred by a mesh conveyor 74 provided so as to circulate outside and inside the tank 72 and is frozen by being immersed in liquid nitrogen 75. As a result, the chip-like waste 73 was cooled to around minus 160 degrees Celsius, and then finely pulverized.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described conventional waste refrigeration apparatus needs to sufficiently store the liquid nitrogen 75 in the tank 72 regardless of the amount of the waste 73 to be charged. The entire tank 72 is surrounded by the heat insulating structure 76. However, the vaporization of the liquid nitrogen 75 could not be suppressed, and there was a lot of waste. That is, since there is no mechanism for adjusting the amount of liquid nitrogen to the amount of waste, there is a problem in that it cannot respond to the pulsation of the input amount, and always accumulates a large amount of liquid nitrogen, which is costly.
[0005]
Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above, and a waste refrigeration apparatus and a refrigeration capable of performing refrigeration with liquid nitrogen with high efficiency without being affected by the dose of waste. An object is to provide a processing method.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a waste refrigeration apparatus according to claim 1 comprises a weighing means for weighing the amount of waste to be charged, a hollow container for charging the measured waste, A treatment tank having a heat insulating structure that can be closed by closing the lid, and a predetermined amount of liquid nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen supply source in the treatment tank. A required amount of liquid nitrogen that can be frozen to a predetermined temperature based on the measured value of the waste measured by the measuring means A control unit that calculates and controls the amount of the liquid nitrogen supplied from the liquid nitrogen supply means to the processing tank based on the calculated value , and the inside of the processing tank into which the waste is charged Supply the liquid nitrogen to , By sealing closing the lid, it characterized by freezing the waste to a predetermined temperature.
[0007]
The waste that has been transferred and transferred by a transfer means such as a belt conveyor is measured by a mechanical scale, a pressure sensor, a load cell, or other measuring means, and the value is sent to a control unit. The control unit calculates the optimum amount of liquid nitrogen necessary to freeze the waste from the amount of waste transmitted, and controls the liquid nitrogen supply means, for example, an electromagnetic valve attached to the pipe. Thereby, the amount of liquid nitrogen supplied from the liquid nitrogen supply means is controlled, and a desired amount of liquid nitrogen is injected into the processing tank having a heat insulating structure.
[0008]
The weighed waste is enclosed with liquid nitrogen in the treatment tank. Note that the weighing means and the processing tank may be separate or may be combined. In the case of a separate body, a measuring means may be provided at the upper part of the processing tank, and the measured waste may be dropped into the lower processing tank, or the processing tank is placed on the measuring means and the weight of the processing tank is measured. You may do it.
[0009]
The waste refrigeration apparatus according to claim 2 is the waste refrigeration apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising transfer means for moving the position of the processing tank , wherein the transfer means includes the processing tank. a liquid nitrogen supply area of the liquid nitrogen in an amount corresponding to the entered the waste you supplied from the liquid nitrogen supply unit to a freezing area for freezing the waste to a predetermined temperature, frozen the a discharge area for discharging waste you comprises treating while moving the processing tank in order between.
[0010]
In order to freeze the waste, an appropriate time must be passed after the waste and liquid nitrogen are enclosed in the treatment tank. Therefore, after the amount of liquid nitrogen corresponding to the waste whose weight is measured in the liquid nitrogen supply area is supplied to the processing tank, the processing tank is moved to the freezing processing area where the waste is frozen to a predetermined temperature. This process is sequentially performed, and each processing tank moved to the refrigeration processing area is refrigerated while moving intermittently or continuously. At the outlet of the refrigeration treatment area, a discharge area is provided for discharging waste that has been sufficiently refrigerated from the treatment tank. The discharged processing tank returns to the liquid nitrogen injection area to enclose the waste and liquid nitrogen again.
[0011]
The transfer means is provided with wheels at the lower part of the processing tank so that it can move freely, and is pushed along the rail with a telescopic push bar called a pusher, or processed into a loader provided along the path. Means for engaging the tank and guiding the circulation path or transfer means such as a conveyor are included.
[0012]
Further, the refrigerating apparatus wastes according to claim 3, in the refrigerating apparatus wastes according to claim 2, wherein the transfer means includes a wheel provided in the lower part of said processing tank, is pre-Symbol treatment tank a transfer path rails laid in the path to be transported, and a pusher to push the processing tank, in the discharge area, open the lid by reversing the vertical Ri by said processing tank vertically reversing mechanism, it characterized by discharging the frozen the waste.
[0013]
Rails are laid in the path along which the processing tank is transferred. The processing tank is provided with wheels at the lower part thereof, and can move on the rail. Further, the processing tank is pushed forward by pushers provided at several points in the transfer path. In the discharge area, the waste frozen in the processing tank is discharged so as to have a structure in which the processing tank is turned upside down.
[0014]
The waste refrigeration processing method according to claim 4 is a refrigeration processing method executed by a waste refrigeration processing apparatus, wherein the waste refrigeration processing apparatus includes a weighing means, a processing tank, and a liquid. comprising a nitrogen supply unit, and a control unit, and a transferring means, said metering means comprises a step of measuring the amount of pre-roughened shredded the waste, wherein the control unit is metered metric of the waste And calculating the required amount of liquid nitrogen capable of freezing the waste introduced into the processing tank to a predetermined temperature, and the control unit, based on the calculated required amount of liquid nitrogen, and controlling the amount of the liquid nitrogen to liquid nitrogen supply means is supplied to said processing tank having a heat insulating structure, wherein the processing tank is, after introduction of said liquid nitrogen and the waste, the lid closed predetermined temperature the waste in a sealed state A step of Ru is frozen until the transfer means, it shall be the; and a step of discharging said processing tank said waste is frozen upside down.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
[0016]
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating the waste refrigeration apparatus according to the first embodiment. As shown in the figure, the waste refrigeration apparatus includes a bucket 1, a hopper 2 that prevents the scattering of waste, and a treatment that has a heat insulation structure such as a double structure, which is disposed below the hopper 2. And a tank 3. The bucket 1 is provided with measuring means such as a scale and a pressure sensor 4 so that the measured value can be electrically output. A liquid nitrogen supply pipe 6 is provided in the vicinity of the processing tank 3 so that liquid nitrogen can be supplied from the liquid nitrogen supply source 5. The liquid nitrogen supply pipe 6 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 7 and a flow rate sensor 8. The flow sensor 8 is configured to be able to electrically output the detected value.
[0017]
Waste 9 such as PET bottles, mats, and waste tires that have been roughly cut in advance is carried into the bucket 1 by a belt conveyor 10 or the like. These wastes 9 are weighed by the weighing means, and the value is sent to the control unit 11 as an electric signal. The control unit 11 calculates the optimum amount of liquid nitrogen necessary to freeze the waste 9 from the amount of waste 9 transmitted, and controls the electromagnetic valve 7 attached to the liquid nitrogen supply pipe 6. Thereby, the amount of liquid nitrogen supplied from the liquid nitrogen supply pipe 6 is controlled, and a desired amount of liquid nitrogen is injected into the processing tank 3.
[0018]
The weighed waste 9 falls from the bucket 1 manually or automatically, and is enclosed in the processing tank 3 in the same manner as the liquid nitrogen. In order to automatically open and close the bucket bottom 12, it is possible to open and close the shutter using a pneumatic / hydraulic cylinder or open and close using a motor shaft. These pneumatic / hydraulic cylinders and motors are preferably connected to the control unit 11 and are opened and closed at a desired timing by signals from the control unit 11.
[0019]
For example, when the volume of the waste 9 that can be calculated from the weight of the waste 9 is likely to exceed the volume of the processing tank 3, the bucket bottom 12 is opened and enclosed in the processing tank 3 together with the optimal amount of liquid nitrogen. Further, even if the volume of the waste 9 that can be determined as described above is not yet enough to fill the processing tank 3, the bucket bottom 12 is opened after a certain period of time and enclosed with an appropriate amount of liquid nitrogen. It is also possible.
[0020]
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an outline of the control unit, and (a) shows the hardware configuration. The control unit 11 has a configuration in which a ROM 22, a RAM 23, and an input / output interface (I / O) 24 are connected by a bus 25 with a CPU (central processing unit) 21 as a center. The execution program of the CPU 21 is stored in the ROM 22 in advance. The ROM 22 also stores a communication program with the input / output interface and a monitor output program. Although not shown in the figure, the input / output interface includes an A / D converter and a D / A converter depending on devices (solenoid valves, flow sensors, pneumatic / hydraulic cylinder compressors, etc.) connected to the input / output interface. Is provided.
[0021]
FIG. 2B shows functional blocks of the control unit 11. The control unit 11 is realized by the above hardware and a program stored in the ROM 22. The input / output unit 32, the measurement value input unit 33, the flow rate input unit 34, the flow rate control unit 35, and the bucket bottom are centered on the system control unit 31. An opening / closing part 36 is used. A keyboard, a monitor, a drive device, a printer, and the like that can be attached to the control unit 11 can be connected to the input / output unit 32, and the input / output is controlled by a command from the system control unit 31.
[0022]
The measurement value input unit 33 receives signals from the scale and the pressure sensor 4 and contributes to the calculation of the optimum amount of liquid nitrogen in the system control unit 31. The flow rate input unit 34 receives a signal from a flow rate sensor or the like provided in the liquid nitrogen supply pipe and passes the value to the system control unit 31. The flow rate control unit 35 determines the valve opening / closing degree and the like based on the optimum amount of liquid nitrogen calculated by the system control unit 31 with reference to the value from the flow rate input unit 34.
[0023]
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the flow of the refrigeration process in the waste refrigeration apparatus. First, the amount of waste transferred by a belt conveyor or the like is measured (step S101). Next, referring to the heat capacity of the waste, the amount of liquid nitrogen necessary for freezing it is calculated and determined (step S102). Based on the value calculated in this way, the valve of the liquid nitrogen supply pipe is controlled, and an appropriate amount of liquid nitrogen is injected into the processing tank while feeding back the value from the flow sensor (step S103). At the same time, the waste that has been weighed is also stored in the processing tank (step S103). In this way, the refrigeration processing of the waste for one bucket is completed. Thereafter, it is checked whether or not the remaining waste remains (step S104). If the waste has been further transferred, the waste and an appropriate amount of liquid nitrogen are put into the processing tank in the same manner as described above. Enclose.
[0024]
As described above, according to the waste refrigeration apparatus according to the first embodiment, an optimum amount of liquid nitrogen is injected into the treatment tank according to the amount of waste, so even if the amount of waste input is large. Even if there is pulsation, liquid nitrogen can be used efficiently. Thereby, compared with the system which accumulate | stores liquid nitrogen in large quantities, useless vaporization of liquid nitrogen can be suppressed and the cost concerning a freezing process can be held down. Also, if the type of waste changes, the heat capacity will change, and the amount of liquid nitrogen that can be fully frozen will also change, but the controller is highly versatile, so the change in the type of waste will also affect the program parameters. This can be easily handled by changing the above.
[0025]
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram illustrating the refrigeration apparatus according to the second embodiment. This refrigeration processing apparatus is based on the refrigeration processing apparatus according to the first embodiment, and further guides the processing tank with rails to move the circulation path. Therefore, in order to avoid duplication, description of the bucket, control part, etc. concerning Embodiment 1 is abbreviate | omitted here.
[0026]
The path through which the processing tank 3 circulates is composed of a liquid nitrogen supply area 41, a refrigeration processing area 42 and a discharge area 43. Rails 44 are laid in these areas 41, 42, 43 to circulate the processing tank 3. Here, the circulation path is configured by rail laying, but means for engaging the processing tank 3 with a loader (guidance column) provided along the path and guiding the circulation path, and transfer means such as a conveyor are used. May be.
[0027]
As described in the first embodiment, the liquid nitrogen supply area 41 is an area in which liquid nitrogen and waste in an amount corresponding to the measured waste are enclosed in the processing tank 3. The refrigeration processing area 42 is an area in which waste enclosed with liquid nitrogen is frozen to a predetermined temperature in the processing tank 3. The transfer of the processing tank 3 from the liquid nitrogen supply area 41 to the refrigeration processing area is performed by pushing the processing tank 3 forward with a telescopic rod called a pusher 45. Since the processing tank 3 has a wheel that fits in the rail 44 at the lower portion thereof, the processing tank 3 advances along the rail 44.
[0028]
If there are portions 46 and 47 that move in a direction perpendicular to a part of the circulation path, a cart 48 dedicated to reciprocation in that direction may be used. In this case, it is preferable to provide a stopper (not shown) for fixing the processing tank 3 at the upper part of the carriage 48 in the direction in which the rail 44 is extended and detachable. The carriage 48 relays the two paths, and after passing the processing tank 3 from one path to the other, returns to the original position and waits for the processing tank 3 to be transferred next. Thereby, the path of the processing tank 3 can be circulated intermittently or continuously.
[0029]
At the end of the path of the processing tank 3, a discharge area 43 for discharging waste that has been sufficiently frozen is provided. FIG. 5 is an external view showing the structure of the processing tank 3. As described above, the processing tank 3 has the wheels 51 provided at the lower part so as to fit the rails 44. A lid 52 that is opened and closed by a hinge is provided at the top. Supports 53 used in the discharge area 43 are attached to the two opposite side surfaces. As will be described later, the support 53 is used to turn the processing tank 3 upside down, and it is preferable that the cross section has a square shape, a flat plate shape, or other non-circular shape.
[0030]
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a state where the processing tank is turned upside down. In the discharge area 43, first, the processing tank 3 on the carriage 48 is gripped and lifted by the extension and contraction bar 61. Thereafter, the base 62 provided with the telescopic barb 61 is moved by the loader 63 to above the discharge box 64. The non-circular support 53 is rotated, whereby the waste 9 is discharged to the discharge box 64. Thereafter, the empty processing tank 3 is returned to the original pedestal. The returned processing tank 3 returns to the liquid nitrogen supply area 41 again, and the waste 9 and an appropriate amount of liquid nitrogen are enclosed.
[0031]
In addition, although the example which used the expansion-and-contraction barb 61 in order to hold | grip the processing tank 3 is shown in the figure, it is not restricted to this, A telescopic slide board etc. may be sufficient. Further, the support 52 and the side surface of the processing tank 3 may be gripped by an electromagnet that generates a strong magnetic field, and may be lifted by a crane using a moving pulley. Of course, instead of lifting the processing tank 3, the processing tank 3 may be inverted in a discharge box 64 placed at a lower position and the waste 9 may be dropped.
[0032]
Thus, according to the waste refrigeration processing apparatus according to the second embodiment, the processing tank circulates through the liquid nitrogen supply area 41, the refrigeration processing area 42, and the discharge area 43. Economical use is possible, and the refrigeration process can be continued and automated.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the waste refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention (Claim 1), since an optimal amount of liquid nitrogen is injected into the treatment tank according to the amount of waste, Even if there is a pulsation in the input amount, liquid nitrogen can be used efficiently. Thereby, useless vaporization of liquid nitrogen can be suppressed and the cost concerning a freezing process can be suppressed.
[0034]
In addition, according to the waste refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention (Claim 2), the processing tank circulates in the liquid nitrogen supply area, the refrigeration processing area, and the discharge area, so that the liquid nitrogen is efficiently and economically efficient. The refrigeration process can be continuously performed while being available.
[0035]
Moreover, according to the waste refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention (Claim 3), the waste can be efficiently refrigerated, and the cost of the treatment can be reduced compared to the conventional liquid nitrogen immersion treatment. it can. Further, the processing tank can be circulated and transferred by the rail and the pusher, and waste can be discharged by turning it upside down, so that the entire processing apparatus can be automated.
[0036]
Further, according to the waste refrigeration treatment method according to the present invention (Claim 4), since an optimal amount of liquid nitrogen is injected into the treatment tank according to the amount of waste, the amount of waste input pulsates. Even if there is, liquid nitrogen can be utilized efficiently. Thereby, useless vaporization of liquid nitrogen can be suppressed and the cost concerning a freezing process can be suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a waste refrigeration apparatus according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an overview of a control unit, where (a) is a hardware configuration and (b) is a functional block.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a flow of a freezing process.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram illustrating a refrigeration apparatus according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 5 is an external view showing the structure of a processing tank.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which a processing tank is turned upside down.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a conventional waste refrigeration apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bucket 3 Processing tank 4 Scale and pressure sensor 6 Liquid nitrogen supply pipe 7 Solenoid valve 8 Flow rate sensor 9, 73 Waste 11 Control part 41 Liquid nitrogen supply area 42 Refrigeration processing area 43 Discharge area 45 Pusher 48 Car 53 Support

Claims (4)

A measuring means for measuring the amount of waste input;
A treatment container having a heat-insulating structure that has a hollow container into which the measured waste is charged, and an openable / closable lid provided at an opening of the hollow container, and can be sealed by closing the lid;
Liquid nitrogen supply means for supplying a predetermined amount of liquid nitrogen from a liquid nitrogen supply source into the processing tank ;
Based on the measured value of the waste measured by the measuring means , a required amount of liquid nitrogen capable of freezing the waste charged in the processing tank to a predetermined temperature is calculated , and based on the calculated value and a control unit which controls an amount of the liquid nitrogen supplied into the processing tank from the liquid nitrogen supply means Te,
The liquid nitrogen is supplied into the treatment tank into which the waste is charged, and the waste is frozen to a predetermined temperature by closing and sealing the lid . Refrigeration equipment. It further comprises transfer means for moving the position of the processing tank ,
The transfer means includes
A liquid nitrogen supply area you feed the liquid nitrogen in the amount corresponding to the waste thrown into the treatment tank from the liquid nitrogen supply means,
And freezing area for freezing the waste to a predetermined temperature,
A discharge area for discharging the frozen the waste,
The waste refrigeration treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processing tank is moved while being sequentially moved . Said transfer means comprises a wheel provided in a lower portion of said processing tank, a transfer path rails laid in the path of pre Symbol treatment tank is transported, and a pusher to push the processing tank, said discharge area in opening the lid by reversing the vertical Ri by said processing tank upside down mechanism, the refrigeration apparatus of the waste according to 請 Motomeko 2 you, characterized in that for discharging the frozen the waste . A refrigeration processing method executed in a waste refrigeration apparatus,
The waste refrigeration apparatus includes a weighing unit, a processing tank, a liquid nitrogen supply unit, a control unit, and a transfer unit.
It said metering means, a step of measuring the amount of pre-roughened shredded the waste,
A step of calculating a required amount of liquid nitrogen capable of freezing the waste introduced into the processing tank to a predetermined temperature based on a measured value of the measured waste ;
The step of controlling the amount of liquid nitrogen supplied into the processing tank having a heat insulating structure with respect to the liquid nitrogen supply means based on the calculated required amount of liquid nitrogen;
A step wherein the processing tank, after introduction of said liquid nitrogen and the waste, which Ru is frozen the waste to a predetermined temperature in a sealed state in which the lid closed,
The transfer means for turning the processing tank upside down to discharge the frozen waste;
A method for refrigeration of waste , comprising :

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