JP4679156B2 - Friction relieving material, friction relieving device, and friction relieving method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a friction relaxation material, a friction relaxation device, and a friction relaxation method that reduce friction between a contact portion and a contacted portion.

  Railroad vehicles travel with a lateral pressure corresponding to the curve-passing performance when passing a sharp curve, and this lateral pressure causes squealing (frictional noise) of the inner and outer gauges of the curve, as well as the inner gauge. This also causes wavy wear on the rail rail top surface. Generally, in order to reduce such excessive lateral pressure and wavy wear, a lubricant such as mineral oil or grease is applied to the rail head surface or wheel tread surface on the inner track side. Mineral oil or grease used for lubrication between the wheel and the rail induces idling or sliding of the wheel because the lubrication effect is excessive. For this reason, in recent years, solid lubricants (solid lubricants) that can ensure a stable coefficient of friction have been used as friction modifiers. Even if such a friction modifier is sprayed on the rail surface as it is, it will be blown off by the wind, so it is sprayed on the rail surface after being dispersed in the solution. For example, a conventional friction modifier includes a solid lubricant such as molybdenum disulfide, a friction modifier such as calcium carbonate and magnesium silicate, and a binder such as sodium montmorillonite in an aqueous medium (for example, Patent Documents). 1). Such a conventional friction modifier is liquid and quick-drying, and when it adheres to the rail top surface, it dries with time, reducing the lateral pressure generated when the following train passes this sharp curve.

Special table 2001-501994

  Conventional friction modifiers are quick-drying liquids that contain solid lubricants in an aqueous medium, so it is necessary to wait for them to dry after being applied to the rail top surface. There was a problem that the coefficient of friction became too small due to water adhering to the top surface. In addition, the conventional friction modifier has a problem that the cost becomes high because expensive molybdenum disulfide is used as a solid lubricant.

  An object of the present invention is to reduce a frictional resistance between a rail and a wheel by using an inexpensive material, and to provide a frictional relaxation material and a frictional relaxation device capable of ensuring a stable friction coefficient with excellent durability of the effect. And providing a friction relief method.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by the solving means described below.
In addition, although the code | symbol corresponding to embodiment of this invention is attached | subjected and demonstrated, it is not limited to this embodiment.
The invention of claim 1 is a friction moderating material that reduces the frictional resistance between the contact portion (1d) and the contacted portion (4d), and is a carbon powder having a particle diameter of 100 to 400 μm that reduces the frictional resistance. A substrate (C ₁ ) and a nickel plating layer (C ₂ ) having a thickness of less than 5% of the average particle diameter of the substrate and covering the surface of the substrate by an electroless plating method; A friction-reducing material (C) characterized in that a wheel of a railway vehicle passing through a rail is jetted onto a rail that makes rotational contact and is pressed between the wheel and the rail to relieve frictional resistance therebetween. is there.

  Invention of Claim 2 is a friction relaxation apparatus which relieves the frictional resistance between a contact part (1d) and a to-be-contacted part (4d), Comprising: The friction relaxation material (C) of Claim 1 is accommodated. An accommodating part (5f), an injection part (5d) for injecting the frictional relaxation material between the contact part and the contacted part, and a delivery path for delivering the frictional relaxation material from the accommodating part to the injection part (5c) is a friction relaxation device (5, 6).

The invention of claim 3 is a friction relaxation method for reducing the frictional resistance between the contact portion (1d) and the contacted portion (4d), wherein the carbon powder having a particle diameter of 100 to 400 μm for reducing the frictional resistance is used. A wheel of a railway vehicle passing through a sharp curve is applied to a friction modifier (C) in which a base material (C ₁ ) is coated with a nickel plating layer (C ₂ ) having a thickness of less than 5% of the average particle diameter of the base material. It is injected in rolling contact to the rails, between the surface roughened by colliding the rail, by the friction material is pressed between the wheel and the rail, this wheel and the rail In addition, the frictional resistance is reduced, and the base material remains on the surface of the wheel and / or the rail .

  According to the present invention, it is possible to relieve the frictional resistance between the rail and the wheel by using an inexpensive material, and it is possible to secure a stable friction coefficient that is excellent in sustainability of the effect.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a state of wheels and rails when a vehicle including a friction relaxation device according to an embodiment of the present invention passes a sharp curve. FIG. 2 is a front view showing a state of a wheel and a rail when a vehicle including the friction relaxation device according to the embodiment of the present invention passes a sharp curve, and FIG. It is a front view which shows a contact state with a wheel, FIG.2 (B) is a front view which shows the contact state of the rail and wheel on an outer gauge side. FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a friction alleviating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a friction alleviating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  A track 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a passage (track) on which the vehicle 2 travels. The track 1 is composed of a pair of rails 1a and 1b for guiding the wheels 4a and 4b. The rail 1a has a steep curve and the rail 1b has a steep curve. As shown in FIG. 2, the rails 1a and 1b include a rail top surface (head top surface) 1c that directly supports the wheels 4a and 4b, and an inner head side surface 1d continuous with the rail top surface 1c. As shown in FIG. 3, the normal force W and the tangential force F act on the contact point S between the rails 1a, 1b and the wheels 4a, 4b, and the proportional coefficient of the tangential force F with respect to the vertical force W (tangential force coefficient (traction Coefficient)) F / W is a friction coefficient, and the maximum value of this friction coefficient is an adhesion coefficient. The lateral pressure Q shown in FIG. 1 is a force acting in the axle direction among forces acting between the rails 1a.

  A vehicle 2 shown in FIG. 1 is a railway vehicle such as a train or a train. The vehicle 2 includes a vehicle body 3 shown in FIG. 1, a carriage 4, friction reducing devices 5 and 6, a gas injection unit 7 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a pipe line 8, a curve detection unit 9, and a speed detection. A unit 10 and a control device 11 are provided. The vehicle body 3 is a structure for loading and transporting passengers. The cart 4 is a device that travels while supporting the vehicle body 3, and includes a pair of wheels 4 a and 4 b that are in rotational contact with the pair of rails 1 a and 1 b, a towing device 4 e that is rotatably connected to the vehicle body 3, and the like. ing. As shown in FIG. 2, the wheels 4a and 4b are in contact with the rail top surface 1c of the rails 1a and 1b and receive a frictional resistance. When the railway vehicle passes a sharp curve, A flange surface 4d that receives the frictional resistance in contact with the inner head side surface 1d of the rail 1b is provided.

  Friction relieving devices 5 and 6 shown in FIG. 1 are devices that relieve the frictional resistance between the rails 1a and 1b and the wheels 4a and 4b. As shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the friction relaxation devices 5 and 6 inject a friction relaxation material C between the rail 1a on the inner rail side and the wheels 4a when the vehicle 2 passes a sharp curve. And the frictional resistance between them is relaxed. The friction relaxation devices 5 and 6 are installed in correspondence with the wheels 4a and 4b of the carriage 4 on the front side in the traveling direction of the leading vehicle 2, respectively. The friction relaxation devices 5 and 6 have the same structure, and the friction relaxation device 5 side for relaxing the frictional resistance between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a will be described below, and corresponds to the portion on the friction relaxation device 5 side. About the part by the side of the friction relaxation apparatus 6, corresponding code | symbol is attached | subjected and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the friction relaxation device 5 includes a pipe line 5 a, a storage device 5 b, a pipe line 5 c, an injection port 5 d, an electromagnetic valve 5 e, and the like.

  The pipe line 5a is a pipe for supplying compressed gas, the upstream side is connected to the pipe line 8, and the downstream side is connected to the storage device 5b. The housing device 5b is a device that houses the friction relaxation material C that relaxes the frictional resistance between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a. As shown in FIG. 4, the storage device 5b includes a storage portion 5f, a pipe line 5g, an orifice 5h, an injection hole 5i, and a suction pipe line 5j. The accommodating portion 5f is a container that accommodates the friction modifier C. The pipe line 5g is a pipe through which the compressed gas flows through the accommodating portion 5f. The upstream side of the pipe line 5g is connected to the pipe line 5a, and the downstream side of the pipe line 5g is connected to the pipe line 5c. . The injection hole 5i is a through hole through which a part of the compressed gas flowing in the pipe line 5g is ejected into the housing portion 5f. The pipe line 5c is a pipe that sends out the friction relaxation material C from the housing portion 5f in order to supply the friction relaxation material C between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a, and the downstream side is connected to the injection port 5d. The injection port 5d is an injection nozzle that injects the friction relaxation material C between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a. For example, the injection port 5d injects the friction relaxation material C toward the inner temporal surface 1d immediately before the contact point S. The electromagnetic valve 5e is a pressure adjusting valve that opens and closes the pipe line 5a, and is installed on the upstream side of the orifice 5h. The electromagnetic valve 5e opens and closes the pipe line 5a based on the open / close signal output from the control device 19, and the friction regulator C Variable injection amount.

  The gas injection unit 7 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is a device that injects gas, and is a compressor that injects compressed gas such as compressed air into the pipe 8. The pipe 8 is a pipe for supplying compressed gas, the upstream side is connected to the gas injection unit 7, the downstream side is branched into two, and the pipe 5 a on the friction relaxation device 5 side and the friction relaxation device 6 side are branched. Each is connected to the pipeline 6a.

  The curve detection unit 9 is a device that detects a curve through which the vehicle 2 passes. The curve detection unit 9 detects, for example, a steep curve and its direction based on the travel distance of the vehicle 2 and the travel point information by detecting the ground side tag storing the travel point information by the vehicle upper side detection unit, As shown in FIG. 1, the rotation angle θ at which the carriage 4 rotates around the towing device 4e is detected by a proximity switch, an acceleration sensor, or the like, and the steep curve and the direction of the steep curve are detected. The speed detection unit 10 is a device that detects the speed of the vehicle 2 and is a speed generator that detects the speed of the vehicle 2 based on a pulse signal generated by the rotation of the wheels 4a and 4b.

  The control device 11 is a device that controls the opening / closing operation of the electromagnetic valves 5 e and 6 e and the injection operation of the gas injection unit 7 based on the detection results of the curve detection unit 9 and the speed detection unit 10. When the control device 11 determines that the rotation angle θ exceeds the predetermined angle based on the detection result of the curve detection unit 9 and the vehicle 2 passes through the sharp curve in either the left or right direction, the control device 11 is connected to the solenoid valve 5e. The gas injection unit 7 is operated by opening the path 5a and causing the electromagnetic valve 6e to close the pipe a. For example, when the vehicle 2 is in the range of 5 to 60 km / h, the control device 11 controls the operation of the electromagnetic valves 5e and 6e and the gas injection unit 7 to inject the friction relaxation material C regardless of the curve radius. Let On the other hand, for example, when the vehicle 2 travels at a high speed exceeding 60 km / h or at a low speed traveling below 5 km / h, the control device 11 controls the electromagnetic valves 5e and 6e and the gas injection unit 7 regardless of the curve radius. The friction control material C is not injected by controlling the operation.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a friction modifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The friction relaxation material C is a material that relaxes the frictional resistance between the contact portion and the contacted portion. As shown in FIG. 5, the friction relaxation material C is composed of a base material (base material) C ₁ and a coating layer C ₂ . The friction modifier C is, for example, injected to the rail 1a and / or the wheel 4a to reduce an excessive friction force generated between them. The friction modifier C easily adheres to the surface of the object when sprayed onto the object, and is formed in a size that is easy to handle without flying by the wind. As shown in FIG. 1, the friction modifier C has a traction coefficient that is small in the range of the slip rate that occurs when passing through a sharp curve and suppresses the generation of the lateral pressure Q, resulting in idling or sliding due to acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle 2. In the case of macroscopic slip, a material that instantaneously shifts to a high traction coefficient is desirable. Here, the slip ratio is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the traveling speed of the vehicle 2 and the peripheral speed of the wheels 4 a and 4 b during sliding or idling by the traveling speed of the vehicle 2. The traction coefficient is a force in the tangential direction of the circumference of the wheel 4a acting on the rail 1a (tangential force F shown in FIG. 4), and a force acting on the rail 1a from the wheel 4a (vertical force W shown in FIG. 4). The value obtained by dividing (tangential force coefficient), and represents the magnitude of transmission of braking force and driving force.

The base material C ₁ is a carbon-based material that reduces frictional resistance, and functions as a friction stabilizer that reduces the friction coefficient within a substantially constant range. The base material C ₁ is, for example, carbon powder or carbon particles. The base material C ₁ is mainly made of carbon (carbon) such as a pantograph carbon-based sliding plate attached to a sliding portion with a trolley wire, activated carbon used for a deodorizing agent, and the like. Can be reused. In the case of carbon powder, the substrate C ₁ is formed with a particle diameter of about 100 to 400 μm.

The coating layer C ₂ is a layer that covers the base material C ₁ . The coating layer C ₂ has a function of protecting the surface of the base material C ₁ and roughens the surface of the base material C when the friction modifier C is injected and collides with the inner temporal side surface 1d and / or the flange surface 4d. ₁ has the function of improving the persistence. The thickness of the coating layer C _2, since the effect of giving friction effect on frictional characteristics to be greater than 5% of the average particle size of the base material C ₁ is reduced, 5% of the average particle size of the base material C ₁ It is preferable that it is less than. The coating layer C ₂ is a hard plating layer having higher hardness and ductility than the base material C ₁ and wear resistance. The coating layer C ₂ is a hard plating layer that has a certain degree of friction relaxation function together with the base material C ₁ without hindering the conductivity when attached to the rail 1a and / or the wheel 4a, for example. Is preferred. As such a hard plating layer, a nickel plating layer formed on a carbon powder or carbon particles by an electroless plating method is preferable. In the case of a nickel plating layer, it is expected to easily form an intermetallic compound between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a, and is particularly preferable because there is no risk of causing grain boundary cracking.

Next, the operation of the friction relaxation device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Below, as shown in FIG. 1, the case where the vehicle 2 passes the sharp curve of the left direction is mentioned as an example, and is demonstrated.
As shown in FIG. 1, when the vehicle 2 travels on the track 1, the vehicle 2 vibrates and the adjacent friction relaxation materials C in the housing portion 5 f shown in FIG. 4 rub against each other. As shown in FIG. 5, the surface of the base material C ₁ is because it is covered is protected by the coating layer C ₂ rigid, substrate C ₁ is prevented from abrasion. When the curve detection unit 9 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 detects a steep curve and its direction, the control device 11 opens the pipe 5a to the electromagnetic valve 5e based on the detection result of the curve detection unit 9, and the electromagnetic valve 6e. The pipeline 6a is closed. When the control device 11 operates the gas injection unit 7, the gas injection unit 7 supplies the compressed gas to the pipe line 8. As a result, compressed gas flows into the pipe line 5g from the pipe line 5a and passes through the orifice 5h. When high-pressure compressed gas that has passed through the orifice 5h flows through the pipe line 5g, the suction pipe line 5j that opens into the housing part 5f is connected to the pipe line 5g, and therefore the inside of the housing part 5f becomes negative pressure. At the same time, since the high-pressure compressed gas that has passed through the orifice 5h flows into the housing part 5f from the injection hole 5i, the frictional relaxation material C in the storage part 5f is sucked from the suction pipe 5j, and the frictional relaxation material C is compressed. It flows into the pipe line 5c together with the gas and is injected from the injection port 5d.

Next, a friction relaxation method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a friction relaxation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 (A) shows a state in which a friction relaxation material is injected, and FIG. A state where the friction modifier is pressed between the wheels is shown.
When the friction modifier C collides with the inner temporal side surface 1d immediately before the contact point S shown in FIG. 4, the surface of the base material C ₁ is covered with the hard coating layer C ₂ , and therefore, shown in FIG. 6 (A). In this way, fine irregularities are formed on the inner temporal side surface 1d to roughen the inner temporal side surface 1d. At the same time, the coating layer C ₂ is crushed and is in close contact with the inner temporal side surface 1d, or part of the coating layer C ₂ is crushed and the base material C ₁ is in direct contact with the inner temporal side surface 1d. Next, as shown in FIG. 6B, the frictional relaxation material C is sandwiched between the inner temporal side surface 1d and the flange surface 4d, and the frictional relaxation material C is pressurized between these. At this time, since the contact pressure between the wheel 4a and the rail 1a is large, the friction moderating material C is damaged by receiving the compressive shear stress. As a result, since the lateral pressure Q generated between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a shown in FIG. 1 is reduced, excessive frictional resistance generated between the inner head side surface 1d and the flange surface 4d is alleviated, and a sharp curve portion is obtained. The wear of the rail 1a is prevented. Further, the friction relaxation material C spreads on the inner head side surface 1d where fine irregularities are formed on the surface and the surface roughness is formed, and the friction relaxation material C remains on the inner head side surface 1d and / or the flange surface 4d. As a result, the function of reducing the friction coefficient by the friction modifier C lasts for a long period of time, and the friction relaxation effect is maintained by the remaining friction modifier C even when the following train passes through the sharp curve after the vehicle 2 passes. Is done.

The friction relaxation material, the friction relaxation device, and the friction relaxation method according to the embodiment of the present invention have the following effects.
(1) In this embodiment, the coating layer C ₂ covers the carbon-based material that reduces the frictional resistance between the inner temporal side surface 1d and the flange surface 4d. For example, when the friction modifier C is made of only an inorganic and high-carbon material, the carbon-based materials rub against each other in the housing portion 5f due to vibrations generated when the vehicle 2 travels on the track 1. There is a possibility of generating fine powder. In this embodiment, since the coating layer C ₂ protects the base material C ₁ made of the carbon-based material, the base material C ₁ is pulverized when the friction modifier C rubs in the housing portion 5f. Can be prevented.

(2) In this embodiment, the coating layer C ₂ is a hard plating layer. For this reason, when the friction relaxation material C is sprayed on the inner temporal side surface 1d and the coating layer C ₂ is caused to collide with the inner temporal side surface 1d, an appropriate surface roughness is formed on the inner temporal side surface 1d. The persistence of the friction modifier C to 1d can be improved. In addition, compared with conventional friction modifiers and lubricants, the friction modifier C remains on the fine irregular surface of the medial side surface 1d, so it has excellent durability of the friction relaxation effect and ensures a stable friction coefficient for a long period of time. can do.

(3) In this embodiment, the coating layer C ₂ is a nickel plating layer. For this reason, when adhering to the inner head side surface 1d or the flange surface 4d, the conductivity is not hindered, the friction coefficient can be prevented from being extremely lowered, and the wear-resistant nickel plating layer can be prevented. Thus, the shape of the substrate C ₁ can be maintained.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and various modifications or changes can be made as described below, and these are also within the scope of the present invention.
(1) In this embodiment, the railway wheel and the rail for rail have been described as examples, but the present invention is also applied to other members that receive frictional resistance due to relative motion between the contact surface and the contacted surface. can do. Moreover, in this embodiment, although the case where the friction relaxation material C was injected between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a and the friction relaxation material C was adhered to the inner temporal side surface 1d was described as an example, the inner temporal side surface was described. The friction modifier C can be attached to both 1d and the flange surface 4d or only to the flange surface 4d. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the case where the substrate C ₁ is covered with a plating layer has been described as an example, but the embodiment is not limited to the plating layer. For example, the substrate C ₁ can be coated with a hard synthetic resin layer having conductivity and persistence.

(2) In this embodiment, the case where the base material C ₁ is formed only by the carbon-based material has been described as an example. However, at least one of iron oxide (magnetite), graphite (graphite), boron (boron), and the like is used. The base material C ₁ can also be formed with a carbon-based material. In this embodiment, the case where the friction relaxation devices 5 and 6 are installed on the vehicle 2 side has been described as an example. However, the friction relaxation devices 5 and 6 are installed on the ground side and the inner temporal side surface 1d from the ground side. And the flange surface 4d can be sprayed. Further, in this embodiment, the friction modifier C is injected between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a. However, the friction modifier C is applied to the floor plate that slidably supports the tongler of the branching device from a track maintenance work vehicle or the like. Can also be injected.

It is a top view which shows the state of a wheel and a rail when a vehicle provided with the friction relaxation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention passes a sharp curve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a front view which shows the state of a wheel and a rail when a vehicle provided with the friction relaxation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention passes a sharp curve, (A) is a contact state with the rail and wheel of an inner track side. It is a front view which shows, (B) is a front view which shows the contact state of the rail by the side of an outer rail, and a wheel. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a friction relaxation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a lineblock diagram showing roughly the friction mitigation device concerning an embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the friction relaxation material which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the friction relaxation method which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (A) shows the state which is injecting the friction relaxation material, (B) is a friction relaxation material between a rail and a wheel. Indicates a pressurized state.

Explanation of symbols

1 track 1a rail (inner gauge)
1b rail (outer gauge)
1c Rail top surface 1d Inner head side surface (contact part)
4 dolly 4a, 4b wheel 4c wheel tread 4d flange surface (contacted part)
5, 6 Friction relaxation device 5a Pipe line 5b Storage device 5c Pipe line (delivery route)
5d Injection port 5e Solenoid valve 5f Housing part 5g Pipe line 5h Orifice 5i Injection hole 5j Suction pipe 7 Gas injection part 8 Pipe line C Friction relaxation material C ₁ Base material C ₂ Coating layer

Claims (3)

A friction modifier that reduces frictional resistance between the contact part and the contacted part,
A carbon powder base material having a particle diameter of 100 to 400 μm for reducing the frictional resistance;
A nickel plating layer having a thickness of less than 5% of the average particle diameter of the substrate and covering the surface of the substrate by an electroless plating method;
A rail vehicle wheel passing through a sharp curve is sprayed onto a rotating contact rail and pressurized between this wheel and this rail to relieve the frictional resistance between them,
Friction modifier characterized by A friction relaxation device that relaxes frictional resistance between a contact portion and a contacted portion,
An accommodating portion for accommodating the friction modifier according to claim 1;
An injection unit that injects the friction relaxation material between the contact part and the contacted part;
A delivery path for delivering the friction modifier from the housing part to the injection part;
A friction relieving device comprising: A friction relaxation method for reducing frictional resistance between a contact part and a contacted part,
A rail passing through a sharp curve is a friction modifier obtained by coating a carbon powder base material having a particle diameter of 100 to 400 μm to reduce the frictional resistance with a nickel plating layer having a thickness of less than 5% of the average particle diameter of the base material. It sprays on the rail where the wheels of the vehicle are in rotational contact, and collides with this rail to roughen this surface,
By the friction material is pressed between the wheel and the rail, together to relax the frictional resistance between the wheel and the rail, the base material on the wheel and / or the surface of the rail Leaving,
Friction relaxation method characterized by.

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