JP4680307B2 - Poultry feed and poultry breeding method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a poultry feed and a poultry breeding method in which the quality of litter in a flat poultry house is improved and a developed gizzard is obtained. And a method for raising poultry that also serves as an effective use of cereal shells, in which cereal husks are mixed with feed and fed to poultry.

  Poultry typified by chickens is roughly divided into a method of keeping in cages (hereinafter referred to as cage cages) and a method of freezing directly on the floor of concrete or the like (hereinafter referred to as flat cages). The cage keeps the manure accumulated under the cage out of the poultry house, so it is possible to maintain relatively good air (environment) inside the poultry house. On the other hand, in the case of a flat-house, a bedding such as sawdust is spread on the floor surface in the poultry house, and a certain number of birds spend a certain period of time on this litter until they grow from chicks and are shipped. The bedding is used to prevent poultry manure from sticking to the concrete floor, to make the floor surface sandy and to be close to the environment where people live in the natural world, and to keep the floor and poultry houses warm. In most cases, it is rarely exchanged during a series of breeding periods from introduction to shipment, and it is common that the same bedding remains laid. Therefore, poultry excretes manure directly on the litter, and poultry spend their entire life on manure excreted by themselves. Immediately after the poultry manure is excreted, the bedding tends to get wet because of the high water content, but the temperature of the poultry where the poultry sits and warms up, stirring by walking and exercise, proper air conditioning of the poultry house, fermentation of manure, etc. Loses moisture and gradually dries. If it is sufficiently dried, a good quality sandy bedding is formed.

  However, in reality, drying cannot catch up, and wet manure accumulates one after another, often resulting in a sticky plate or block rug with high moisture content. This state is called floor wetness. Once such a plate-like or block-like bedding is formed, it is difficult to dry because the density is high and the porosity is low. Wet flooring is caused by low temperatures in the poultry house in winter, etc., poultry gathering together to avoid moist areas, and the entire floor surface cannot be heated sufficiently by poultry, and air conditioning is inadequate (insufficient ventilation) ). Floor wetness is also affected by the quality of the poultry manure that accumulates. If diarrheal stool, watery stool, diarrhea that is not diarrhea, or stool that contains a lot of water, or stool that has a high specific gravity and a low bulk, continue to accumulate, it tends to become damp. In addition, the lack of heat insulation and airtightness in poultry houses, rain leaks and condensation, water leaks from drinking water supply facilities, and poor adjustment of these factors also cause floor wetness.

  In the floor wet state, the following various problems occur. First, there is a problem of reduced poultry productivity and disease. Specifically, since poultry tend to gather so as to avoid wet places, the substantial living space of poultry is limited, and behaviors necessary for development such as feed intake and drinking water are hindered. Moreover, the poultry body is cooled by the wet litter, and diarrhea is likely to occur. Walking around a hard, moist litter causes contact dermatitis on the back of the buttocks and in the back of the struts in contact with the litter. This is usually called foot pad dermatitis (FPD). Hyperkeratinization and necrosis of the skin occur, and in severe cases, ulcers with inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue occur. In addition, a symptom called Hockburns (HB) in which the skin of the hibernation turns dark brown is also related to moisture in the litter, and scabs are seen in severe cases. Aneurysms such as FPD and HB cause pain in poultry and cause abnormal gait in severe cases, and are important factors in judging the welfare of poultry. The buttocks are used for food and soup, and are important products that are exported and sold to Asian countries, especially in China and Hong Kong. It can also be a cause. In addition, the ability of poultry to walk is reduced, which adversely affects healthy growth. Furthermore, since FPD hinders mating behavior in the case of male breeders, it leads to a decrease in fertilization rate and hatching rate. Seeds and flat-laying hens lay eggs directly on the floor instead of the nest box, and this is a sanitary problem as an off-nesting egg. However, if the floor is wet, the off-nesting egg is severely contaminated. This is a particular problem. Poultry rests with its weight on the sternum, but if it continues to rest on a litter that has become stiff due to wet floor, a sternal bursa is formed in the abdomen of the posterior sternum. When the sternal bursa accumulates a liquid component and expands into a cystic shape, it is called “chest blister” or “Keel bursitis” (commonly called chest octopus). Is significantly reduced. If the floor is wet for a long time, the skin of poultry tends to cause folliculitis (inflammation of pores). This induces gangrenous dermatitis and is a factor in disposal at slaughterhouses and consumer avoidance. Moist manure sticks to poultry feathers. Feces and urine stuck to the feathers are hardened and are not easily peeled off, and are difficult to be removed during the removal process at the poultry slaughterhouse, and the removal process is significantly contaminated with poultry excrement. Naturally, meat processed in such a process has a large number of bacteria and is not hygienic. In moist litter, Eimeria protozoan oocysts mature and become infectious. Coccidiosis is caused by oral intake of Eimeria protozoa oocysts and is one of the most damaging of poultry diseases, causing various symptoms such as diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, and death Is recognized. Maturation of oocysts is said to require a moisture content of 25% or more in the litter, and the occurrence of coccidiosis is confirmed in wet litter. In addition, moist litter provides a suitable environment for bacterial growth, high levels of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) are infectious, and poultry ingestion in the small intestine is frequently necrotic. Causes enteritis. When necrotizing enterocolitis develops, the poultry loses appetite and may die and die. Wet litter also promotes the growth of toxic mold. Mold grows abnormally in the litter, and poultry inhale the spores and become infected with mycosis. When infected with mycosis, poultry can show signs of depression, respiratory symptoms, inability to stand, and can eventually lead to mass sudden death. Furthermore, since the wet litter is subjected to anaerobic fermentation inside, it generates a strong odor such as ammonia and deteriorates the quality of air in the poultry house. Ammonia is harmful to poultry, damages the lungs and increases susceptibility to respiratory disease. Ammonia exceeding 50 ppm causes keratitis and respiratory stress in poultry.

  Second, there are environmental problems. The odor resulting from wet litter is a major pain for humans, so managers (producers) have tried to forcefully replace the air in the poultry house, resulting in cooling of the poultry and the growth and health of the poultry. Fall into a vicious circle that damages While the chicks are small and in winter, the poultry house is often heated, but if you forcibly ventilate while heating, the fuel is wasted. In addition, strong odor exhausts can develop into pollution problems such as complaints of bad odors from neighboring residents.

  Third, there is a problem with the bedding processing. The litter containing manure is removed from the poultry house for the next breeding after the poultry is shipped. The poultry house will be refilled with new bedding after washing and disinfection. Used litter is collected with a shovel loader and loaded on a dump truck, etc., and transported to a composting facility or incinerator. At this time, the wet litter is heavy and difficult to handle, and has a strong odor, which causes a pollution problem when being carried out and transported. In addition, the bedding transported to these facilities is subjected to a fermentation process, an incineration process, or the like, but any of them is difficult to be fermented or incinerated when the water content is high and the porosity is low. That is, incineration of bedding costs fuel and causes problems of smoke and odor. Fermentation and composting take a long time for composting and the problem of malodor lasts for a long time. In some cases, the incinerators are incinerated, the heat is used, the water is heated in a boiler, and warm water is used to heat the poultry house flooring, but the moist litter does not burn easily and the temperature does not rise. It becomes a vicious circle in which it is not warmed enough and a damp bedding is formed. Wet litter develops into pollution problems because it produces a large amount of white smoke when burned.

  In this way, wet flooring is a vexing problem for poultry poultry, and in order to avoid this, breeders are currently chasing day and night for the addition of auxiliary materials and stirring work for the purpose of moisture preparation. is there. Auxiliary material is rich in water absorption and water retention, and increases its breathability when mixed with bedding. For example, in addition to rice straw, wheat straw, sawdust, bark, etc., inorganic materials such as pearlite and zeolite are also used. Is done. However, even if new sub-materials are brought into the poultry house where the floor has been moistened and stirred, complete drying is impossible despite the amount of labor required, so it is effective only by increasing the total amount of litter. It's not a method.

  Here, there is Patent Document 1 as a technique for improving the quality of the bedding. In patent document 1, the quality of a litter is aimed at by making it the mixed litter which mixed activated carbon or carbide | carbonized_material with adsorptivity into plant-based litter, such as sawdust and rice husk.

  By the way, rice husk is currently used as a soil improvement material, a vegetable orchard litter, a poultry shed and livestock litter, and a secondary material for adjusting the moisture content of compost. In addition, it is used as a charcoal for horticulture or fields, or mixed with power generation, concrete, etc. using heat generated during combustion. However, because rice husks overlap at a time, they are not fully used and are treated as industrial waste. The rice husk is bulky and difficult to store, and a storage is required. Also, transportation is expensive and difficult to handle. Although there are cases where it is used as a litter for a poultry house as in Patent Document 1, it is said that the water absorption is poor and it is not suitable as a litter. If rice husk is pulverized, water absorption will increase and its use will increase. However, rice husk contains silicic acid (silica), so it is said that pulverization is difficult unless special equipment is used.

  As for buckwheat husks, about 30% of buckwheat husks are produced from brown buckwheat, whereas buckwheat husks are only used as pillows, and most of them are industrial waste, and the cost of waste disposal is high. The current situation is getting bigger. The same is true for wheat husks, and there are no significant means for effective utilization of wheat husks, and most of them are currently disposed of as industrial waste, and the effective utilization of these cereal husks is strongly desired. Is the current situation.

  Here, there are Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 as feeds that can be used for poultry in which rice husks are blended directly or processed. In Patent Document 2, an effective amount of firewood charcoal made from rice husks is mixed with feed and fed to produce edible eggs such as chicken eggs whose cholesterol content is considerably lower than usual and safety is ensured. It is said that meat having a low cholesterol content and safety characteristics can be produced. In Patent Document 3, on the premise of feeding cornmeal feed, the cornmeal lacks various nutritional components that are required in breeding poultry and the like. It is said that rice husk may be blended with meat and bone meal, feather meal, vitamins, minerals, fats, salt, corn gluten feed, bread by-products and whole fat rice bran.

JP 2004-141037 A Special table 2004-505645 gazette Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 07-170917

  In patent document 1, since the activated carbon etc. which have significant adsorptivity are mixed, the improvement effect of the quality of bedding can be expected. However, Patent Document 1 deals with the bedding itself and does not directly improve manure which is the biggest cause of floor wetness. Therefore, when manure with a high water content is excreted due to diarrhea or the like, the amount of activated carbon adsorbed becomes saturated and no further improvement in the quality of the bedding can be expected. In order to avoid this, it is conceivable to mix a large amount of activated carbon or add it later, but this is not a preferable solution because it requires a large amount of labor as well as the cost as in the prior art.

  Moreover, in patent document 2 and patent document 3, the effective use of rice husk is aimed at at the point which feeds poultry husk directly or after processing. However, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 are only intended to increase poultry gain and improve nutritional aspects, but not to improve the litter. That is, in Patent Document 2, rice husks are blended into feed as charcoal, and not only labor and cost are required for the charcoal processing, but also the function (grit effect) of rice husks exhibited in the body of poultry cannot be obtained. . In Patent Document 3, it is considered that rice husk is blended in the feed as it is, but in order to supplement the undernutrition, meat and bone meal, feather meal, vitamins, minerals, fat, salt, corn gluten feed, bread making It is only said that rice husk may be blended in the same row as by-products and full-fat rice bran, and no specific conditions suitable for improving the quality of the bedding are taken into consideration.

  In recent years, poultry breeding, particularly broiler poultry raising, has rapidly grown poultry in an environment with high breeding density in order to increase productivity. Because it grows rapidly, it consumes a large amount of feed and water in a short period of time and excretes a large amount of manure, and the overall density of manure excretion increases due to the high breeding density. For this reason, the amount of poultry excreted per unit area during a certain period of time, that is, the amount of water sprayed per unit area is larger than in the past, so the body temperature of poultry, agitation by poultry, air conditioning of poultry houses, manure Drying due to fermentation etc. cannot catch up, and the floor becomes seriously wet. In addition, producers feed poultry with high-density feed to achieve rapid growth in poultry and increase profitability. A high-density feed is a feed having a high energy value and high protein content, and inevitably has a low fiber content. Such a high-density feed has an effect of increasing the feed requirement rate, but it makes feces with a high moisture content and a high density, and the litter becomes difficult to dry.

  In general, the production of poultry is carried out in groups as described above. Therefore, in order to protect against the infection of various bacteria, viruses and various parasites, antibiotics can be produced using a safe method stipulated by the law. They are raised by administering substances and antibacterial preparations as feed additives or veterinary drugs. However, in some consumer markets, attempts have been made to breed without antibiotics or antibacterial preparations for safety, safety, and health-consciousness. Currently, according to the “Chicken Labeling Guidelines” established by the Japanese Food Bird Association, those raised without antibiotics or antibacterial preparations for the entire breeding period are defined as “special breeding chickens”. Specially raised chickens do not receive antibiotics or antibacterial preparations, so they generally have poor productivity due to increased bacteria and coccidium in the intestinal tract. Furthermore, as described above, coccidium gains infectivity in moist litter, and Welsh bacteria are also likely to be present in moist litter. Compared with rearing using, it is more susceptible to bedding quality.

  For the various reasons described above, it can be said that wet flooring has developed into a major problem that affects poultry productivity and, in turn, profitability. While the pressure on wet floors has increased in the poultry industry, such as high breeding density, rapid growth, and the spread of special breeding chickens, unfortunately little consideration has been given to the aspect of feed. Currently, feed is selected. At the poultry breeding site, there is a strong demand for a method that can improve the quality of the litter without compromising productivity and without requiring additional efforts such as adding additional auxiliary materials.

  Thus, as a result of intensive studies in view of the above problems, the present inventors have found that poultry's muscular stomach is well developed and a high bedding improvement effect can be obtained by effectively using grain husks and feeding them to poultry. As a result, the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, there is no problem in terms of growth, poultry feed containing grain husks that have good growth of the poultry's stomach and can also improve the litter, and grains Provide breeding methods for poultry that supply shells.

According to the present application, the following invention is proposed.
(1) Poultry blended in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the feed before blending the buckwheat husk so that the buckwheat husk separated from the cereal seeds has a grit effect in the muscular stomach Feed (excluding poultry feed containing back wheat mid rings) .
(2) The poultry feed according to (1), which is in a crumble or pellet form.
(3) The poultry feed according to (1) or (2), which is fed to poultry raised in a flat poultry house.
(4) A poultry breeding method of feeding the poultry feed according to any one of (1) to (3). (5) The method for raising poultry according to (4), wherein the poultry is fed to poultry after 7 days of age.
(6) A method for improving the quality of a litter in a flat poultry house, wherein the poultry feed according to any one of (1) to (3) is fed .

  Grain husk is a relatively hard skin that covers the outside of edible seeds. For example, rice husk is a by-product obtained during the rice milling process, and is obtained by rice bran. Buckwheat husk is a by-product obtained when buckwheat flour is obtained from brown buckwheat. A wheat husk is a by-product obtained in the process of a polished wheat. “Formulation” in the present invention refers to the case where the feed and the grain husk can be easily distinguished by simply adding the grain husk to the shaped feed, and the case where the grain husk is added to the powdered feed and mixed well. And cases where it is difficult to easily distinguish between feed and grain shells.

  Poultry feed is roughly classified into three types: mash feed, pellet feed, and crumble feed. The mash feed is a form of mixed feed that is most popular at present, and is a mixture of coarsely pulverized cereals and powdered raw materials. Pellet feed is a solid feed that is pressure-molded into a cylindrical shape after adding moisture to the fine-powdered feed with water vapor or the like and heating and conditioning. The crumble feed is a feed having a uniform particle size, which is roughly crushed with a crambler so as to make it easy to eat the feed formed into pellets. There is also a mixture of crumble feed and mash feed. As a molding machine used for crumble feed or pellet feed, a pellet mill or an expander can be used.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the quality of the litter in a flat-raising poultry house can be improved, without having a bad influence on the growth (gain) of poultry. Here, the “quality” of the bedding refers to its humidity, shape, hardness, specific gravity, odor, etc., and “good quality” means that it is dry and sandy, soft and has a high porosity. The specific gravity is light and there is little smell. On the other hand, “poor quality” is wet and sticky, is solid in a plate shape or block shape, has a high specific gravity, and a strong smell. By improving the quality of the litter, the above first to third problems associated with wet flooring, specifically, the problem of reduced poultry productivity and disease, environmental problems, and litter treatment problems are also improved. The Moreover, since the morbidity of the buttocks is also reduced, the productivity of the buttocks (commonly known as maple) is also improved. In addition, it is possible to effectively use the grain husk that has been mostly discarded. In addition, ingestion of hard grain husks allows the poultry musculature to develop well and improve the productivity of gizzards.

It is a photograph of the bedding in the mash control area of evaluation test 1. It is a photograph of the bedding in the pellet control section of Evaluation Test 1. It is a photograph of the bedding in the mash chaff of Evaluation Test 1. It is a photograph of the bedding in the pellet rice husk section of Evaluation Test 1. It is a photograph of the bedding in the control plot of Evaluation Test 2. It is a photograph of the bedding in the rice husk ward of the evaluation test 2. It is a photograph of the bedding in the buckwheat husk district of Evaluation Test 2.

  In the present invention, cereal husks separated from cereal seeds (exactly deflated) are fed to poultry in a state where they are mixed with feed. Cereal shells include rice, buckwheat, buckwheat, barley, bare wheat, wheat, rye, oats, oats, pigeons, corn, millet, millet, millet, oyster millet, sorghum, sorghum, pearl millet, Shells obtained from Tef, Phenio, Kodora, Macomo, soybeans, red beans, mungbean, cowpea, quinoa, etc. can be used. Of these, rice husk, buckwheat husk, wheat husk and corn bran (sometimes referred to as corn husk in dry milling) are preferred because they have a high grit effect in the muscular stomach of poultry. Furthermore, buckwheat husk is preferable when emphasizing improvement in the quality of bedding, and rice husk is preferable when emphasizing productivity improvement of gizzard. These grain husks may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition, even if it does not mix | blend a grain husk with feed and it feeds separately separately from feed, the effect of this invention can be anticipated as long as poultry ingests the grain husk.

  Poultry is a typical example of poultry, but quail, turkey, duck, and goose are also included if poultry are kept flat with a litter spread. Chickens refer to chickens in general, including meat chickens (broilers), egg-laying chickens (layers), meat breeders and egg breeders.

  Grain husk may be crushed and then fed to poultry, but it is preferably fed to poultry as it is without being crushed. In the case of pulverization, if the pulverization is too fine, the effect of improving the bedding is reduced, so the coarse pulverization is kept. If not pulverized, the cost required for pulverization is saved. In general, it is said that cereal husks are easier to use because they have a larger surface area and higher hygroscopicity, but cereal husks are also crushed by the poultry's stomach (also called sandbags). Therefore, it is not always necessary to pulverize in advance. If the grain husks are fed without being crushed, they can be fed with a low specific gravity, and the grain husks that are not digested and discharged together with the manure will increase the gap of the laying material, and the effect of improving the lining material will be enhanced. Furthermore, since the muscular stomach of poultry is activated and develops, it is also preferable in terms of increasing the yield of sand liver.

  The grain husk is preferably blended in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the feed before the grain husk blending. More preferably, it is 0.5-8 weight part, More preferably, it is 1-6 weight part. When the blending amount of the grain husk is less than 0.1 parts by weight, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving the bedding and the effect of increasing the muscle stomach. On the other hand, if the blending amount of the grain husk exceeds 10 parts by weight, the effect of improving the bedding increases, but the nutritional components of the feed are diluted and the feed demand rate deteriorates, and the poultry has sufficient nutrition. Impairs productivity (growth performance) due to ingestion. Moreover, the transportation efficiency of a feed falls because the bulk of a feed increases. There is a concern that if a certain proportion of cereal husk is blended into the feed, the nutritional components of the feed are diluted, resulting in a decrease in growth performance and feed demand rate. If it is about 1-10 weight part, such a problem can be avoided. This is thought to be because the grain shell plays a grit role in the muscular stomach, and the feed that is excreted undigested is reduced by efficiently grinding the feed. In other words, the point that the feed is diluted by improving the digestibility of the feed by the grain husk is supplemented. If the amount of cereal husk is 0.5 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of feed before cereal husk blending, the grit effect is surely obtained, and the growth performance is improved as compared with the case where cereal husk is not blended. To do. Moreover, if the amount of the grain husk is 8 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the feed before the grain husk blending, the growth performance is hardly lowered. Grain shells stored in the muscular stomach develop the ability to regulate the inflow of digestion from the muscular stomach to the duodenum, and efficiently perform the reverse peristalsis performed between the muscular stomach and the duodenum. It is thought that the fact that digestion and absorption are efficiently performed by gradually shifting from the ground feed to the intestinal tract is also influential. Thus, by ingesting the grain husk, digestive absorption of the feed is promoted, and the undigested portion of the feed is reduced, so that abnormal fermentation due to microorganisms in the lower digestive tract is suppressed, so a healthy intestinal environment Is obtained. This has a very high merit in carrying out special breeding. If there is a strong demand for "large gizzard" or "dry litter" even at the expense of growth performance to some extent, the amount of grain husk is set to 12 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of feed before grain husk blending. The amount can be increased to about parts by weight. In order to increase the gizzard and improve the litter as much as possible without lowering the growth performance, the blending amount of the grain husk may be about 8 to 10 parts by weight.

  When blending cereal husks into feed, the same blending amount may be used consistently from the chick state to shipment, but depending on the stage of poultry growth, feed the cereal husks while gradually increasing the blending amount of cereal husks. Also good. This is because in the state of chicks with no muscular stomach development, the pulverization function of the cereal shell is immature, and there is a tendency that a large amount of cereal shell remains in the feeder when the feed is selected and eaten. In general, the amount of feed intake increases with age, so the amount of grain shell intake increases accordingly. As a standard for increasing the blending amount of grain husk in stages, for example, about 0.1 to 1 part by weight up to 14 days of age, and 0 at 14 to 21 days of age with respect to 100 parts by weight of feed before blending of grain husks. About 5 to 2 parts by weight, about 1 to 3 parts by weight for 21 to 28 days of age, about 1 to 5 parts by weight for 28 to 35 days, and about 2 to 10 parts by weight from 35 days to shipping Good. This pattern is only an example and does not restrict the breeding method of the present invention.

  The grain husk is preferably fed to poultry after 7 days of age. Even if the start of feeding the grain husk is earlier than 7 days of age, the bee of the chicks is still small, so it is difficult to eat and can hardly be consumed, and the immature gastrointestinal tract is also heavily loaded. However, if the grain husk is crushed, it can be fed even before 7 days of age. In addition, when slaughtering for food, it is preferable to stop feeding two days before slaughtering. It may be fed at least two days before slaughtering for food, but the grain husk remains in the intestinal tract and the like, which may contaminate the poultry processing process.

  It is also preferable to change the blending amount of the grain husk according to the season and climate. For example, in winter when the poultry house is not well ventilated compared to the summer and the floor is wet, and in the rainy season when the humidity is high, the amount of grain husk to the feed is relatively large. On the contrary, in summer when the temperature is high and the poultry house is well ventilated and the floor is not wet enough, or in the autumn when the air begins to dry, the amount of grain husk to the feed should be relatively small. In this case, the same blending amount may be consistently applied from the state of the chick to the shipment, but a combination with increasing the amount stepwise according to the growth stage of the poultry is more preferable.

  Furthermore, the blending amount can be increased or decreased as appropriate according to the degree of floor wetness. For example, basically the same blending amount from the chick state to shipment, but if the floor wetness is light or hardly occurs, the blending amount is reduced as appropriate (for example, feed before blending grain husks) If the floor is too wet, the amount is appropriately increased (for example, about 2 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the feed before blending the grain husks). ). Or, the grain husk is fed only during the first half of the period when the litter begins to wet (about 1/2 of the total number of breeding days) or until the end of the breeding period (about 2/3 to 3/4 before the total number of breeding days). During the second half of the period when the litter is well dried (about 1/2 after the total number of days) or after the last period (about 1/3 to 1/4 after the total number of days) Also good.

  As the feed itself (base feed) blended with the grain husk, a known feed conventionally used for poultry can be used. In the present invention, the grain husk is not formulated mainly for supplementing various nutrients, so various nutrients (nutrient balance) necessary for poultry are adjusted by the feed itself before the grain husk blending. The form of the feed may be any form of mash feed, crumble feed, pellet feed, and feed obtained by mixing these. In any shape, the quality of the bedding is improved and a large muscular stomach is obtained. Among these, crumble feed and pellet feed are preferable. Compared to mash feed, crumble feed is suitable for chick feeding and for young chicks, and pellet feed is most suitable for poultry that has grown to a certain extent. This is thought to be because crumbled feed and pelleted feed are processed to a size that can be easily eaten by poultry, so that poultry can easily consume the feed and satisfy the required amount in a short time. Poultry ingests feed with beaks, so it is difficult to eat flour contained in large amounts in mash feed. In order to stabilize the shape of the crumble feed and pellet feed, the feed is once finely pulverized and then molded. Also, when forming with a pellet mill, the feed is pulverized by the shearing force of the pellet mill. Therefore, since the crushed feed is mixed with water in the sac and is just softened and returned to fine particles, poultry can be used as nutrition without particularly grinding the feed in the muscle stomach. This is very beneficial for primary chicks with an undeveloped muscular stomach, which is much better fed and faster in digestion and absorption than mash feed. As a result, the initial gain increases and the poultry body weight becomes better. In addition, feeding with crumbled feed makes it possible to uniformly ingest trace components such as vitamins, minerals, added amino acids, and other feed additives without feeding the chicks. There is no bias and there is less variation in growth.

  However, if the poultry continues to be fed crumbled feed or pelleted feed, there is a problem that generally the growth of the muscular stomach deteriorates. Feeding crumbled or pelleted food for a long period of time improves the feed requirement, but changes the GI tract and eliminates the need for muscular stomach movement, resulting in delayed muscular stomach development and slaughter as food. Then obviously the muscle stomach becomes smaller. Muscular stomach is an important commodity sold as gizzards and is traded at high prices throughout the year, so it is a problem to become smaller. In addition, when crumble feed or pellet feed is fed to poultry, the floor is clearly more wet than mash feed. As described above, the crumble feed and pellet feed are pulverized by mash feed and further pulverized by the shearing force of the pellet mill, so that the particles of the feed constituting the crumble feed and pellet feed become fine. As a result, the pellet feed has a very high specific gravity, and the feces excreted by the poultry that ingested the pellet feed is also composed of fine particles, so that it becomes a high-density and hard-to-dry bedding. Therefore, pellet feeds and crumble feeds are not widely used despite increasing their intake and improving poultry gain, and are effective in improving the feed demand rate and have high feed value. Is the current situation.

  However, in this invention, the quality of bedding can be improved regardless of the form of a feed by mix | blending a grain shell with a feed. That is, the effect of improving the litter can be obtained even with crumble feed or pellet feed, which has a greater problem of floor wetting than mash feed. Moreover, although the muscular stomach of the poultry fed for a long time by feeding crumble feed or pellet feed as described above becomes small, this can be greatly improved by adding the grain shell. Thus, it is preferable to use a crumb feed or a pellet feed as a blending target of the grain husks in that an excellent feed request rate can be obtained while solving the problems of floor wetness and muscular stomach, which have been problems in the past. .

  In addition, when using crumble feed or pellet feed, the crumble feed is fed when the age is young, and the pellet feed is fed after a certain degree of growth. Young chicks have immature muscular development, especially in the feeding stage where they are fed for the first time after hatching. To pay. When crumbled feed is fed to poultry chicks, feeding of the chicks is greatly improved, and the ingested feed is digested and absorbed smoothly, so it is possible to breed poultry with large initial gain and good alignment. Further, it becomes possible to uniformly ingest trace components (vitamins, minerals, added amino acids, etc.) without eating the feed more, improving the balance of the growth of poultry chicks and reducing the variation in body weight. As a change time from the crumble feed to the pellet feed, the age of about 7 to 14 days may be used as a guide.

  The blending timing of the grain shell into the crumble feed or pellet feed may be before or after molding. That is, the grain husk may be blended before molding by the pellet mill, and the feed and the grain husk may be molded simultaneously, or the grain husk may be blended after molding by the pellet mill. When the grain husk is blended and molded at the same time before molding by the pellet mill, the grain husk may also be subjected to a shearing force by the pellet mill. As described above, the “compounding” in the present invention refers to the case where the feed and the grain husk can be easily distinguished simply by adding the grain husk to the molded feed, and the case where the grain husk is added to the powdered feed. It includes cases where it is difficult to easily distinguish between feed and grain shells by mixing them well and molding them at the same time.

  Poultry selectively consumes grain husks even if they are included in the feed. This is thought to be because, in addition to the size and shape of grain husks that are very easy to eat for poultry, poultry instinctively requires hard materials like grain husks. Poultry has a muscular stomach, and the feed carried here is crushed by the strong contraction movement of the muscular stomach and digested by gastric juice secreted from the glandular stomach. The muscle stomach is an important organ that digests and digests food for birds without teeth. Poultry freely raised in the wild or in the garden, etc., shows gravel in the muscle stomach. This is what the poultry has instinctively incorporated to efficiently grind the feed. In the past, pebbles called grit were given to poultry, but these pebbles cause machine troubles and contamination by the mechanization of feeding systems and poultry processing. Absent. Therefore, poultry raised in flats tend to seek alternatives to gravel, and tend to actively ingest those that are hard and of some size. In fact, when sawdust, wood chips, etc. are used as the bedding, it is confirmed that some of these are ingested because some pieces of wood are present in the muscular stomach of the slaughtered poultry. However, it is unsanitary to ingest sawdust etc. as a litter that is generally not disinfected. Moreover, it is very unsanitary to ingest the litter with poultry manure attached. Ingestion of bedding with excrement can cause intestinal inflammation by ingesting coccidiosis oocysts and Clostridium perfringens orally. In addition, since nails and screws tend to be actively consumed, there is a problem that foreign substances are likely to be mixed in the same manner as described above.

  Here, when poultry husks are fed to poultry, they are selectively ingested and stored in the muscle stomach for the development of muscle stomach and efficient grinding of the feed. The stored grain husk is repeatedly ground in the muscular stomach, and at that time, it plays the role of the grit and is thought to greatly promote the digestion of the feed. In this way, poultry actively ingest cereal shells and sufficiently store them in the muscular stomach, so that it is no longer necessary to ingest what has a grit role. If grain husks are fed to poultry, it will not take in wood chips such as sawdust and wood chips used for bedding, and foreign objects such as screws and nails, thereby avoiding the risks caused by these.

  Grain husks are ground in the musculature, but some are excreted without losing their original shape by escaping the ground. In the poultry manure, a large amount of unmilled cereal husk itself is mixed in addition to the crushed cereal husk. Since it is bulky, it does not easily form a block or plate even if it is compacted, and deposits while maintaining good voids, thereby forming a soft sandy litter that is easy to dry. This is equivalent to a state in which a secondary material having a large surface area is well mixed with poultry manure. In other words, even if the grain shell is not pulverized by a machine, a rug having a large surface area can be obtained by pulverizing efficiently in the muscular stomach. This is not only very beneficial in treating grain husks, but is also very beneficial in that it reduces the cost of grinding. In addition, since poultry is excreted in a state where the crushed grain husk is well mixed in the intestinal tract, there is no need to manually introduce and stir new auxiliary materials into the poultry house. This significantly reduces the burden of manual labor for workers, leading to lower labor costs and low-cost distribution of meat.

  In addition, the following advantages can be obtained by improving the quality of the bedding. It is avoided that poultry are concentrated and gathered in a dry place, and the effective utilization rate of the poultry house space is improved. Thereby, it is avoided that poultry concentrates and accesses to a feeder and a water feeder, and feed intake increases as a result and a high body weight increase can be ensured. A dry floor makes it easier to access the feeder and water supply than a floor that is moist and solid. If the litter is dry, even if a chicken sits on top of it, the body will not cool down and it will be possible to rest comfortably, thus reducing the possibility of suffering from a disease. As access to the feeder and water supply becomes easier, the fight between chickens is avoided and the noise is reduced. Since they do not hurt each other, wounds, dermatitis, etc. are reduced, leading to improved carcass quality and less waste at the slaughterhouse. The dermatitis on the back of the buttocks (FPD) and the scab (HB) of the hiatus are also reduced, the rating of the buttocks is improved, and the disposal is reduced. The occurrence of FPD and HB is useful for estimating how comfortable broilers have been reared, and is monitored at poultry treatment plants in Western countries as an indicator of animal welfare. If regulations on animal welfare are imposed in Japan in the near future, dry and soft bedding can be said to be extremely advantageous. FPD and HB will not interfere with the mating behavior of breeders, leading to improvements in fertilization rate and hatching rate. Seed chickens and flat-laying hens reduce the contamination of out-of-nest eggs, leading to an increase in hatching rate and commercialization rate. The sternum synovial vesicles generated by the continuous rest of the chicken on the wet and hardened litter, and the chest blisters (chest octopus) in the expanded state are reduced, and the commercialization rate of the breast is increased. The amount of wet manure on the chest and abdomen is reduced. This reduces folliculitis, reduces the risk of gangrenous dermatitis, facilitates feather removal at the poultry slaughterhouse, and reduces the number of bacteria attached to the meat, improving carcass quality. Profitability is improved. On dry litter, Eimeria protozoa oocysts excreted in the feces are less likely to mature, reducing coccidiosis damage. C. perfringens growth is also reduced, reducing the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. Since mold growing in the poultry house is also reduced, the occurrence of mycosis can be reduced. These are great advantages especially in the case of special breeding. In addition, since the dry litter has good voids, it has good air permeability and is dry, and since there is little moisture and anaerobic fermentation hardly occurs, the generation of ammonia is reduced. Thereby, the bad influence which it has on the respiratory organ and cornea of poultry can be reduced. In addition, by reducing the generation of ammonia, forced ventilation to exhaust it is minimized, and the temperature inside the poultry house is not lowered forcibly, saving heating costs and electricity costs. In addition, it becomes possible to maintain an appropriate temperature for poultry, leading to an improvement in productivity. Odor around the poultry house is reduced and environmental problems are less likely to occur. Since it is a dry litter with good voids and well-mixed grain husks, it is light and odorless when transported, making it easy to handle. Dried litter is easy to dispose of either by fermentation or incineration, and is less likely to develop into pollution problems. When using a chicken manure boiler, the temperature is likely to rise, and complaints from white smoke and odors are reduced.

(Evaluation Test 1)
First, the effects of using rice husk as the grain husk and mash feed and pellet feed as the base feed were compared and evaluated.

<Test animal>
The test was conducted using 320 Chunky male broilers. Pre-breed until 7 days of age, after which the chickens were divided into 4 test sections x 4 repeats for a total of 16 sections (20 each) so that the weight of each test section would be equal, and a rearing test was performed. Shipped at age. In addition, the area of each division is 0.4 tsubo (1.32 m ² ). Further, in the preliminary breeding up to 7 days of age, the feed composition “feeding master” by Chubu Feed Company was fed based on a general breeding method. In each test area, 3.8 kg of sawdust was introduced as a bedding at the start of the test and laid so as to have a thickness of 1.5 cm.

<Test area and test feed>
A mash feed group containing no rice husk (mash control group) and a pellet feed group containing no rice husk (pellet control group) were set as control groups, and 2 parts by weight of rice husks were added to 100 parts by weight of mash feed (mash) Rice husks) and a group containing 2 parts by weight of rice husks (pellet rice husks) with respect to 100 parts by weight of pellet feed or crumble feed. The rice husk was simply added to the feed. In addition, the same feed as the mash feed was used for the pellet feed. That is, the mixing ratio and components of the pellet feed and the mash feed are the same. The pellet feed was 4 mm in diameter. In the pellet feed group, one week from the start of the 7-day-old test to the 14-day-old was crumbled and fed in consideration of the size of the chicken beak. The mixing ratio of rice husks here was fixed at 2 parts by weight for the full term. The contents of each test section are shown in Table 1, and the blending ratio and composition table of the feed before blending rice husk are shown in Table 2 (the numerical values in Table 2 are% by weight). Since rice husks were blended after the feed was completed, the final nutritional components of the feed blended with rice husks changed from the conditions shown in Table 2. Table 3 shows the feeding conditions in each test section.

<Growth results>
First, the growth performance in each test group under the above breeding conditions was analyzed. The results are shown in Table 4. The weight gain was calculated by subtracting the body weight at the start of the test at 7 days of age from the average body weight at the time of 42 days. The feed intake indicates the weight of feed ingested per bird between 7 and 42 days of age. The feed request rate was calculated by dividing the feed intake of 7-42 days old by the weight gain of 7-42 days old.

  From the results in Table 4, it can be seen that the body weight (weight gain) and the feed requirement rate were improved by processing the shape of the feed from mash into pellets. This reaffirmed the advantage that pellet feed is easier to ingest than mash feed. Moreover, even when 2 parts by weight of rice husks were blended with 100 parts by weight of feed, the body weight (gain) did not decrease, and the feed requirement rate did not deteriorate. This is because rice husk plays a role of grit in the muscular stomach, and the feed that had been excreted undigested in the control plot can be effectively used in the rice husk plot by efficiently grinding the feed. It is done. Thus, it is considered that the digestibility of the feed is improved by the rice husk and the dilution of the feed is compensated. The interaction between the shape of the feed and the presence or absence of rice husks was not obtained. This shows that, regardless of whether the base feed is a mash feed or a pellet feed, the growth performance is not adversely affected even if rice husk is added.

<Properties of the litter>
Next, regarding the quality of the bedding in each test section, its specific gravity and moisture content were measured, and the odor was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. Moreover, the photograph which shows the state of the bedding obtained in each test section is shown in FIGS. FIG. 1 is a photograph of the bedding in the mash control. FIG. 2 is a photograph of the bedding in the pellet control group. FIG. 3 is a photograph of the litter in the mash rice husk ward. FIG. 4 is a photograph of the bedding in the pellet rice husk ward.

Regarding the properties of the bedding, the chicken was taken out at the age of 43 days, and the entire amount was collected and stirred well for 5 minutes with a stirrer (fish kneader for fish farming 20K). The specific gravity was then measured, and further dried with a dryer until a constant weight was reached, and the moisture content was measured. The specific gravity was determined by the following equation by collecting a uniform amount of litter using a wooden basket (No14, 1007 ml) and measuring the weight.
Lug specific gravity (g / cm ³ ) = Lush weight (g) / Litter volume (1007ml = cm ³ )
The moisture content is measured by placing 1 kg of bedding that has been homogenized with a stirrer on an aluminum vat and using a circulating hot air dryer (TYPE102-DL-3, manufactured by Negori Seisakusho, set at 60 ° C) for about 72 hours. It dried, the dry weight was calculated | required, and the moisture content of the bedding was computed from following Formula.
Moisture content of bedding (%) = ((weight before drying−weight after drying) / weight before drying) × 100
For the odor of the litter, 100g each of the uniform litter was collected, sealed in a plastic bag, sealed for 24 hours, and then 9 subjects were allowed to smell the sachet, and the odor intensity was evaluated in five levels. The higher the score, the stronger the smell.

  From the results of Table 5, it can be seen that the specific gravity of the litter and the moisture content of the litter are significantly increased by processing the shape of the feed from mash to pellets. This is a common disadvantage of pellet feed. The smell of bedding is significantly stronger. However, it can be seen that by adding rice husk, the specific gravity of the bedding and the moisture content of the bedding are significantly reduced and the smell of the bedding is also weakened. 1 to 4, there are many portions where the litter is hardened in a plate shape in the control plot that does not contain rice husk, but in the rice husk ward that contains rice husk, it is a smooth sandy litter. I understand that. In particular, when rice husk is added to the pellet feed, the specific gravity and moisture content of the bedding are reduced to a point where there is no difference from the mash control group, while maintaining the advantages such as increase in pellet feed and feed requirement As a result, it was found that the bedding that had been a problem can be improved to the same level as mash feed. In addition, also from the result of Table 5, interaction with the shape of feed and the presence or absence of rice husk was not obtained. This shows that the effect of adding rice husk is equal regardless of whether the shape of the feed to which rice husk is added is mash or pellet.

<Size of muscle stomach (gizzard)>
Next, the effect on the stomach and stomach of the grain shell was analyzed. Specifically, four chickens were selected from each test group so that the average weight of the whole was approximately equal, and after 44 days of age, they were killed after 12 hours of fasting, and the muscular stomach was excised and incised. Then, the ratio to the weight and body weight (yield) was measured. The results are shown in Table 6.

  From the results in Table 6, it can be seen that by processing the shape of the feed from mash to pellets, the weight and yield of the muscular stomach are significantly reduced. This is a common disadvantage of pellet feed. However, it can be seen that by adding rice husks, the weight and yield of the muscle stomach are significantly increased. In particular, when rice husk is added to the pellet feed, the muscular stomach has increased to a point where there is no difference from the mash control, and this has been a problem in the past while maintaining the benefits such as weight gain and feed demand rate in the pellet feed. It was found that the muscular stomach could be improved as much as mash feed. In addition, also from the result of Table 6, interaction with the shape of feed and the presence or absence of rice husk was not obtained. This shows that the effect of adding rice husks is equal regardless of whether the shape of the feed to which rice husks are added is mash or pellets. Therefore, even when rice husks are added to the mash feed, the weight and yield of the muscular stomach increase, so it can be said that the mash feed is beneficial for the purpose of producing a large muscular stomach.

  From the above results, it was confirmed that blending grain husks into pellet feed and mash feed and feeding them to poultry improved the quality of the litter without deteriorating the breeding results and produced a large muscular stomach. In addition, it was confirmed that blending grain husks with pellet feed would improve the quality of bedding and muscular stomach, which was a problem in the past, while maintaining an excellent feed demand rate compared to mash feed. It was confirmed that the grain shell blended into the pellet feed was more effective. As a result, a method for improving a litter in a flat poultry house in which a predetermined amount of grain husk is blended with feed and a method for producing gizzard with a predetermined amount of grain husk mixed with feed are also proposed.

(Evaluation test 2)
Next, the effect when the buckwheat husk was blended as a grain husk was evaluated in comparison with the effect when the rice husk was blended.

<Test animals and rearing conditions>
Basically, the animals were reared under the same conditions as in Evaluation Test 1. Specifically, 600 chunky male broilers were used to divide into 3 test sections × 4 repeats in total 12 sections (50 each), and the base feed was only commercially available mash feed. The area of each section is 0.83 tsubo (2.74 m ² ). Moreover, the switching timing of the base feed according to the age is also different. That is, the feed is fed at 0 to 7 days old (“Feeding Master” manufactured by Chubu Feed Co., Ltd.) with no grain husk blended, but the previous feed (“Hybro A manufactured by Chubu Feed Co., Ltd.” is used at 8 to 21 years of age. ") Was fed with grain husk, and late feed (" Hybro B "manufactured by Chubu Feed Co., Ltd.) was fed with grain husk at 22 to 35 days of age. The chicken was carried out at the age of 36 days. Table 7 shows the conditions of each test section.

<Growth results>
The growth performance in each test group under the above breeding conditions was analyzed. The results are shown in Table 8. Note that the body weight gain, feed intake, and feed request rate were calculated using the same method as in Evaluation Test 1 with 35 days of age as a reference.

  From the results shown in Table 8, the same effect as rice husk was obtained in that the weight gain was not reduced even when 2 parts by weight of buckwheat husk was blended with 100 parts by weight of feed, and the feed demand rate was not deteriorated. This is thought to be because the buckwheat husk plays the role of grit in the muscular stomach like the rice husk and grinds the feed efficiently. Therefore, the feed that has been excreted undigested in the control plot can be effectively used in the rice husk and buckwheat husk plots, and the digestibility of the feed is also improved by the buckwheat husk and the dilution of the feed is supplemented. In terms of growth performance, rice husk was slightly better, but there was no significant difference between rice husk and buckwheat husk.

<Properties of litter and aneurysm score>
Moreover, while measuring the specific gravity and moisture content regarding the quality of the litter after carrying out the chicken in each test section, the aneurysm score was measured regarding the sole of the chicken foot. The results are shown in Table 9. The specific gravity and moisture content of the bedding were calculated by the same method as in Evaluation Test 1. Regarding the aneurysm score, the area of the aneurysm was roughly measured by placing a transparent 5 mm square ruler on the sole of the foot of each test area at 36 days of age, and the average value was obtained by scoring as follows. Was calculated.
Aneurysm score Score 0: Very slight with no aneurysm (the area of the aneurysm is 0.5 cm ² or less)
Score 1: A mild aneurysm is observed (an aneurysm area of 0.5 to 1.0 cm ² )
Score 2: A medium-sized aneurysm is observed (the area of the aneurysm is 1.0 to 1.5 cm ² )
Score 3: Severe aneurysm is observed (aneurysm area of 1.5 cm ² or more)
Moreover, the photograph which shows the state of the bedding obtained in each test section is shown in FIGS. FIG. 5 is a photograph of the bedding in the control area. FIG. 6 is a photograph of the bedding in rice husk ward. FIG. 7 is a photograph of the bedding material in the buckwheat husk district. In order to make it easier to understand the properties of the litter, the dried sandy part and the hardened part were taken separately.

  From the result of Table 9, the specific gravity of the litter and the moisture content of the litter were significantly reduced by adding oat husk to the feed as in the case of rice husk. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, in the control plot that does not contain grain husks, there are very many portions where the litter is hardened in a plate shape, but in the rice husk and buckwheat husk plots, there are many sandy portions that are smooth. I understand that. Moreover, it can be seen from the results in Table 9 that the aneurysm score is significantly reduced by adding rice husk or buckwheat husk to the feed. This is thought to be because the properties of the bedding became soft and fluffy when blended with rice husks or buckwheat husks, and the bedding was well dried to maintain voids, resulting in less occurrence of aneurysm. In the comparison of rice husk and buckwheat husk, buckwheat husk lightened the specific gravity of the bedding, had a low water content, and had a lower aneurysm score. This is considered to be because the apparent volume of buckwheat husk is larger than that of rice husk, and it is easy to create voids in chicken manure. From this, it was found that buckwheat husk is preferable for improving the quality of the bedding.

<Size of muscle stomach (gizzard)>
In addition, the same effect as in Evaluation Test 1 was used to evaluate the effect of the grain shell on the muscle stomach. The results are shown in Table 10.

  From the results of Table 10, it can be seen that the weight and yield of the muscular stomach are significantly increased by adding the buckwheat husk to the feed as in the case of the rice husk. Thus, it was confirmed that the muscular stomach also works well due to the grit effect of the buckwheat husk and digests the feed well. In the comparison of rice husks and buckwheat husks, rice husks had a higher muscular weight and higher yield. This is thought to be because the buckwheat husk is softer than the buckwheat husk and the rice husk, and the glass fiber of the rice husk is very hard, so that the muscular stomach is more active and grows in order to break it. It is considered that this difference leads to a factor that rice husk is slightly better than buckwheat husk with respect to the growth performance shown in Table 8. From this, it was found that rice husk is preferable for the production of gizzard.

(Evaluation Test 3)
Next, a buckwheat husk having a high effect of improving the bedding was selected as the grain husk, and the effect when various addition amounts thereof were changed was evaluated.

<Test animals and rearing conditions>
The evaluation test 3 was also raised under the same conditions as the evaluation test 1 and the evaluation test 2. In this evaluation test 3 as well, each section has the same size as evaluation test 1 and 20 birds each. The base feed fed according to the age is the same as in Evaluation Test 2. Chickens were removed at 42 days of age. Table 11 shows the conditions of each test section.

<Growth results>
The growth performance in each test group under the above breeding conditions was analyzed. The results are shown in Table 12. Note that the body weight gain, feed intake, and feed request rate were calculated using the same technique as in Evaluation Test 1 with 42 days of age as a reference.

  From the results shown in Table 12, even when 2-8 parts by weight of buckwheat husks were added to 100 parts by weight of feed (test groups 1-4), there was almost no effect on weight gain. However, the weight gain was slightly small at 10 parts by weight (test group 5), and the weight gain was significantly reduced at 12 parts by weight (test group 6). Regarding the feed demand rate, there was almost no effect up to 2 to 8 parts by weight (test group 1 to 4), but it was slightly worsened at 10 parts by weight (test group 5), and significantly at 12 parts by weight (test group 6). It got worse. Thus, it was found that if the blending amount of the grain husk is 10 parts by weight or less, preferably 8 parts by weight or less, the dilution of the feed nutritional component by the grain husk is compensated and the growth performance is not deteriorated. On the other hand, when 12 parts by weight or more of grain husk is blended, the adverse effect of dilution of feed nutritional components is won and it can be seen that the growth performance deteriorates.

<Properties of the litter>
Moreover, regarding the quality of the litter after carrying out the chicken in each test section, the specific gravity and water content were calculated and measured by the same method as in Evaluation Test 1. The results are shown in Table 13.

  From the results in Table 13, it can be seen that the more the grain husk is blended, the more the specific gravity of the litter and the moisture content of the litter decrease. In addition, when the properties of the bedding were visually observed, more than half (volume basis) was solidified in a plate or block shape in the control group, but in the test group 1, the bedding solidified in a plate shape or block shape was the control. Compared to the ward, it was significantly reduced. Furthermore, in the test sections 2 and 3, there was almost no bedding solidified in a plate shape or block shape, and almost no confirmation was found in the test sections 4 to 6. As a result, it was found that the more the grain husk was added, the higher the bedding improvement effect.

<Size of muscle stomach (gizzard)>
In addition, the same effect as in Evaluation Test 1 was used to evaluate the effect of the grain shell on the muscle stomach. The results are shown in Table 14.

  From the results of Table 14, it can be seen that as the grain husk is added, the weight and yield of the muscle stomach are significantly increased, and the productivity of gizzard is improved. As a result, it was confirmed that the muscular stomach worked well due to the grit effect of the grain husk and digested the feed well.

(Evaluation Test 4)
Evaluation test 3 confirmed the preferred upper limit of the grain shell content. Therefore, next, an evaluation test for confirming a preferable lower limit of the grain shell content was conducted.

<Test animals and rearing conditions>
In this evaluation test 4, chickens were raised under the same conditions as in evaluation test 3 except that the chickens were carried out at 36 days of age. Table 15 shows the conditions of each test section.

<Growth results>
The growth performance in each test area under the above breeding conditions was calculated based on 35 days of age. The results are shown in Table 16.

  From the results shown in Table 16, even when 0.05 to 2.5 parts by weight of buckwheat husk was blended with 100 parts by weight of feed, there was no adverse effect on the weight gain and feed request rate. Regarding the increase in weight, a tendency of improvement was seen when 0.5 parts by weight or more of grain husk was added (test group 9 to 13). Thereby, the grit effect of the grain husk could be confirmed anew.

<Properties of the litter>
Moreover, regarding the quality of the litter after carrying out the chicken in each test section, the specific gravity and water content were calculated and measured by the same method as in the evaluation test 3. The results are shown in Table 17.

  From the results in Table 17, it can be reconfirmed that the more the grain husk is blended, the more the specific gravity of the bedding and the moisture content of the bedding decrease. However, when the blending amount of the grain husk is 0.05 parts by weight (test section 7), there is no significant difference, and the effect of improving the bedding is hardly obtained. If the blending amount of the grain husk is 0.1 parts by weight (test group 8), the effect of improving the bedding is not a little, and if the blending amount of the grain husk is 0.5 parts by weight (test group 9), the bedding is surely obtained. Quality has improved. Even when the properties of the bedding were visually observed, there was almost no difference in the amount of bedding that had been solidified in a block shape between the control group and the test group 7.

<Size of muscle stomach (gizzard)>
In addition, the same effect as in Evaluation Test 3 was used to evaluate the effect of the grain shell on the muscle stomach. The results are shown in Table 18.

  From the results in Table 18, it can be reconfirmed that the more the grain husk is added, the more the muscle weight and yield increase. However, when the blending amount of the grain husk is 0.05 parts by weight (test group 7), there is no significant difference compared to the control group. On the other hand, if the blending amount of cereal shell is 0.1 parts by weight (test group 8), a certain muscular development effect is obtained, and the blending amount of cereal shell is 0.5 parts by weight (test group 9). You can see that the muscular stomach develops reliably.

  As described above, from the results of Evaluation Test 3 and Evaluation Test 4 (Tables 12 to 14 and 16 to 18), the blending amount of the grain husk is 0.1 parts by weight for at least improving the covering amount and improving the productivity of sand liver. It was found that 0.5 parts by weight or more, which improves the growth performance, is preferable. On the other hand, if the growth performance is sacrificed, the upper limit of the amount of grain husk is not particularly limited, but in order to improve the litter and improve the productivity of gizzards while avoiding the deterioration of the growth performance, the amount of grain husk is 10%. It was found that the amount was preferably not more than parts by weight, more preferably not more than 8 parts by weight.

Claims (6)

The poultry feed ( 0.1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the feed before blending the buckwheat husk so that the buckwheat husk separated from the grain seeds has a grit effect in the muscular stomach ( Excluding poultry feed containing back wheat mid rings) .   The poultry feed according to claim 1, which is in the form of crumble or pellets.   The poultry feed according to claim 1 or 2, which is fed to poultry raised in a flat poultry house.   A method for raising poultry, comprising feeding the poultry feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   The poultry breeding method according to claim 4, wherein the poultry is fed to poultry of 7 days of age or later. A method for improving the quality of a litter in a flat poultry house, wherein the poultry feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is fed .