JP4698483B2 - Converter operation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for operating a converter that performs decarburization treatment on hot metal.

Conventionally, in a steelmaking process using a converter, scrap (for example, a semi-finished product such as bloom or slab generated in a steelworks) is first charged into a converter (converter-type smelting vessel), and then hot metal is introduced. The oxygen is blown from the top blowing lance to the hot metal surface at high speed.
With regard to the charged scrap, the carbon in the hot metal diffuses to the scrap interface on the scrap surface, the melting point of the interface itself decreases, and the heat caused by the oxidation reaction heat of the desiliconization reaction and decarburization reaction in the hot metal. The scrap itself melts.

Therefore, in order to promote scrap melting and eliminate unmelted residue, it is necessary to promote heat transfer to the scrap and carbon diffusion. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the stirring power to the hot metal in the converter. is there.
For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 are examples of techniques for accelerating melting of the scrap charged in the converter and surely melting it while paying attention to the stirring force on the hot metal.
In the technology of Patent Document 1, when performing de-P blowing using a converter having an upper blowing lance and a bottom blowing tuyere, the stirring power by the bottom blowing gas blown from the bottom blowing tuyere is obtained. A predetermined relationship is satisfied according to the minimum thickness of the scrap.

In the technique of Patent Document 2, when there is a large amount of scrap charged into the converter, the bottom blowing gas is generated according to the ratio of the charged scrap amount S to the residual hot metal amount M (S / M). The stirring power satisfies the predetermined formula.
In another document (Patent Document 3), in the steelmaking process using the top bottom blowing converter, the bottom blowing stirring power in the hot metal removal Si, removal P, and removal S treatment is 1.0 kW / t · s. As described above, a technique is disclosed in which the upper blowing stirring power of 2.0 kW / t · s or more is reduced by 10 to 75% at the end of the hot metal removal Si, removal P, and removal S treatment steps.
JP-A-8-120315 Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-38811 JP 2003-64411 A

Recently, in order to respond flexibly to fluctuations in demand for crude steel and improve production capacity, it has been required to lower the HMR (molten iron mixture ratio) or to melt a large amount of scrap in a short time in the steelmaking process. That is, there is a need for a “scrap high-speed melting technology” that efficiently performs blowing in a converter without causing an undesirable phenomenon in terms of operation in which scrap, particularly heavy waste remains undissolved.
However, in the above-mentioned Patent Documents 1 and 2, regarding the stirring power indicating the magnitude of energy for stirring the hot metal, only the influence of the bottom blowing gas is considered, and the strength and bottom blowing of the hot metal stirring with the top blowing oxygen are considered. This balance is not considered. In addition, other conditions such as the effect of scrap charging and the effect of blowing time are not considered. Therefore, not only is it difficult to apply the techniques of Patent Documents 1 and 2 to an actual converter, but even if it is applied, there is a possibility that scraps will remain unmelted.

In that respect, the technique of Patent Document 3 is designed to take into account the top blowing agitation power by the top blowing lance and the bottom blowing agitation power. It is intended to improve the slag forming property while preventing productivity without impeding productivity, and is not a technique for eliminating scrap melt residue.
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a converter operating method that enables complete melting of the charged scrap in the top-bottom blow converter.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical means.
That is, the operation method of the converter according to the present invention is to decarburize while melting the scrap charged in the top-bottom blowing type converter, and was set to 10 to 13.5 minutes. in order to completely dissolve the scrap within the blowing time, equation (2) scrap radius r _c and the formula (3) obtained in, and the 100% lysis radius r _{c, 100%} as determined by (4), wherein The decarburization process is performed so that the above-mentioned (1) is satisfied, and the top blowing agitation power ε _T and bottom bottom blowing agitation power ε _B satisfy the equations (5) to (7).

In addition, it is very preferable to operate so that the stirring power ε _T for the top blowing and the stirring power ε _{B for the} bottom bottom blowing satisfy the equations (5) to (7) during the entire blowing process. The top blowing stirring power ε _T and the bottom blowing stirring power ε _B are calculated using the equations (8) and (9).

  The inventors of the present application have found the conditions of the above-mentioned formulas (1) to (7) by analyzing various converter operation data, and performing the converter operation that satisfies these conditions, It has been clarified that in the converter, it is possible to completely dissolve the charged scrap.

  By using the converter operating method according to the present invention, it is possible to completely dissolve the charged scrap in the top-bottom blown converter.

Hereinafter, a converter operating method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an outline of an upper bottom blown converter 1 to which the present operation method is applied.
Scrap 2 (cold iron source) is previously charged in the top-bottom blown converter 1 (sometimes simply referred to as a converter), and the hot metal 3 that has undergone a dephosphorization process is poured thereon. For hot metal 3 in the converter 1, an auxiliary raw material such as a decarburizing agent is introduced, and an upper blowing lance 4 (sometimes simply referred to as a lance or nozzle) is inserted from the furnace port of the converter 1, Bring oxygen gas close to the top of the hot metal 3. At the same time, decarburization refining (blowing) is performed while blowing a gas such as nitrogen or argon from the tuyere 5 provided at the furnace bottom and stirring the molten iron 3.

The molten steel that has been decarburized is tilted at the converter 1 to be discharged from the outlet of the converter 1 and conveyed to a secondary refining treatment facility or a continuous casting facility.
In the operation of the converter 1, the blowing time is 10 minutes or more and less than 13.5 minutes due to the equipment conditions of the converter 1 and the total oxygen amount, and high speed blowing is performed.
In addition, the flow rate Q _T of the top blowing oxygen supplied from the lance 4 during the entire blowing time is adjusted so that the top blowing stirring power ε _T satisfies the formula (6) and is supplied from the tuyere 5 at the bottom of the converter. The flow rate Q _B of the bottom blowing gas is adjusted so as to satisfy the equation (7), and the molten iron 3 is in a strong stirring state. At the same time, the ratio between the flow rate Q _T of the top blown oxygen and the flow rate Q _B of the bottom blown gas may be controlled so as to satisfy the formula (5).

In addition, for the scrap 2 and the hot metal 3 charged in the converter 1, the scrap thickness L, the scrap charge W, the hot metal charge W that satisfy the formulas (1) to (4) are satisfied. _m . As the scrap thickness L, the minimum value among the length, width, and thickness of the scrap 2 is adopted.

Note that the top blowing stirring power ε _T and the bottom blowing stirring power ε _B are calculated using the well-known equations (8) and (9) (iron and steel, 76 (1990), p1791, iron And Steel, 67 (1981), p672).

By adopting such operating conditions for the converter 1, the charged scrap 2 can be completely melted within the blowing time.
Next, a method for deriving equations (1) to (7) will be described.
The inventor of the present application conducted various experiments and collected / analyzed past blowing data in order to verify the operation method of the converter that enables complete melting of the charged scrap 2 in the converter 1. In collecting data, the Ni tracer method described later was used.
First, focusing on the amount of scrap radius r _c is calculated based on the thickness L of the scrap 2. The scrap radius r _c, is intended to mean the radius in the case where the scrap 2 having various shapes were considered to equivalently spherical shape.

In this embodiment, scrap radius r _c is calculated using equation (2). Equation (2) is calculated based on the following idea.
When a large number of scraps 2 are charged into the converter 1, a situation in which melting is delayed due to adhesion (including overlapping) of the scraps 2 occurs. That is, at the time of scrap melting, the melting behavior is considered to change due to the interaction with other scraps 2. Therefore, when charged with a large number of scrap 2, considered a single scrap on 2 of apparent than scrap radius increases, scrap radius r _c is scrap not only the thickness L, a effect of scrap SoIriryou W It came to think that it receives greatly.

Therefore, 'in terms of assumed as the formula (2)' scrap radius r _c Equation (2) Consider the both sides in the allowed to act log formula (2) ".

Numerous blowing data was applied to the equation (2) "to determine variables a, b, and c.
The result is shown in FIG. First, in FIG. 3A, a plurality of data are plotted when the scrap thickness L is L = 0.20, 0.25, 0.28 (m), and the horizontal axis is log (W / Wm). ), And the vertical axis is log (rc). By obtaining a linear regression equation that best fits each data of this figure and obtaining its slope, the coefficient c in the equation (2) ″ can be obtained, and c = 0.167.
Similarly, FIG. 3B shows a plurality of plots of data when the ratio of the scrap charge W to the molten metal charge W _m is 0.040, 0.060, 0.096, and 0.128. The horizontal axis is log (L), and the vertical axis is log (rc). By finding a linear regression equation that best fits each data in this figure and obtaining its slope, the coefficient b in the equation (2) ″ can be obtained, and b = 0.531.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3C, the horizontal axis is 0.531 log (L) +0.167 log (W / Wm), the vertical axis is log (rc), and all data are plotted. The linear regression equation that best fits the data was determined, and the y-intercept was clarified. From the result (log (a) = − 0.1338), the coefficient a = 0.735 was found. From these results, the formula (2) has been defined.
On the other hand, in the case of the present invention, the 100% melting radius rc _{, 100%, which} is often used when evaluating the scrap melting capacity in the converter 1, is considered to be related to the blowing time θ and the total stirring power ε. 3) '. The 100% melting radius r _{c, 100%} indicates that the scrap 2 having this radius (size) equivalently melts completely without being melted.

In order to obtain the coefficients a, b, and c in equation (3) ', consider equation (3) "in which log is applied to both sides of equation (3)'. The data was fitted and variables a, b, and c were determined.
The result is shown in FIG. First, in FIG. 4A, a plurality of data are plotted when the blowing time θ is 10.5, 11.5, 13.5 (min), the horizontal axis is log (ε), and the vertical axis Is log (rc). By obtaining a linear regression equation that best fits the data in this figure and obtaining its slope, the coefficient c in equation (3) ″ can be obtained, and c = 0.378.

Next, the value of the coefficient b may be obtained using ε = constant data. However, when actual operation data is used, it is often difficult to prepare a large number of ε = constant data. Therefore, using the fact that the y-intercept of FIG. 4A is a function of θ (y-intercept = log (a) + blog (θ)), the horizontal axis represents log (θ) and the vertical axis represents y-intercept. The coefficients a and b are obtained by plotting the data and obtaining a linear regression equation that best fits each data.
FIG. 4B shows the result. As is clear from this figure, the coefficients a and b are 0.000499 and 1.26, respectively, and the equation (3) can be obtained.

Equation (3), (if satisfying the equation (1)) than 100% lysis radius r _{c, 100%} obtained by the formula (4), when the scrap radius r _c obtained by the equation (2) is small, the converter 1 The scrap 2 charged therein is surely melted, and the operation of the converter 1 is very preferable.
In FIG. 2, the values calculated by the formula (2) and the formula (3) are plotted, and the scrap 2 under the condition satisfying the formula (1) (T. Fe is 18% or more in some cases) , Some smaller) have been shown to dissolve completely during the blowing time. On the contrary, in order to completely dissolve the scrap 2 charged into the converter 1, the scrap conditions and the blowing conditions may be determined so that the calculation results are plotted in the upper left area of the figure. That is, if the scrap thickness L to be used and the scrap charging amount W are known in advance, the blowing time θ and the total stirring power ε may be determined accordingly, and conversely, the blowing time in the converter 1 If [theta] and the total stirring power [epsilon] are determined, it is preferable to insert a scrap 2 having a scrap thickness L and a charging amount W corresponding thereto.

In addition, the top blow stirring equal force density ε _T and the bottom blow stirring power ε _B are those calculated by the equations (8) and (9).
Next, the derivation of equation (4) will be described.
The inventors of the present application have conducted research on the ratio of each contribution regarding the total stirring power ε calculated by the top blowing stirring and the bottom blowing stirring. As a result, the influence of the top blowing stirring is 0% compared to the bottom blowing stirring. It was found that there was a stirring contribution of about .7.
Specifically, the inventors of the present application assumed total stirring power ε as shown in Equation (4) 'in consideration of stirring strength by bottom blowing gas, stirring strength by top blowing oxygen, balance with bottom blowing gas, and the like. (Β = 0.1-1.0).

Then, it is assumed that the heat transfer coefficient h between the hot metal 3 and the scrap 2 is a function of only the total stirring power ε, and the heat transfer coefficient h is 0.2 or 0.3 to the total stirring power ε. Based on the relationship that is said to depend, the value of β such that log (h) and log (ε) show the most linear relationship is obtained.
In calculating the heat transfer coefficient h between the hot metal 3 and the scrap 2, a scrap melting model (for example, “scrap melting model considering simultaneous movement of heat and carbon between scrap and molten iron”, Isobe et al., Iron and steel 76 (1990), p2033) or the like.

FIG. 5 shows the total stirring power (log (ε)) when β is changed to 0.1 to 1.0 and the heat transfer coefficient (log (h)) determined by calculation of the scrap melting model. A plot of the values is shown.
As can be seen from this figure, it is clear that there is a linear relationship (dispersion R ² ≈1) when β = 0.7. Therefore, in the present invention, ε = 0.7 × ε _T + ε _B is defined.
Next, the reason why the range of the ratio of the top blowing agitating power ε _T and the bottom blowing agitating power ε _B in the formula (5) is defined as 0.6 to 0.9 will be described below.

When scrap 2 is dissolved by using both bottom blowing stirring and top bottom blowing stirring, if ε _T / ε _B <0.6, the amount of bottom blowing gas Q _B will be large, but conversely the bottom blowing gas The amount Q _B is too large, and the situation is such that disturbance around the scrap 2 arranged at the bottom of the converter 1 hardly occurs. In addition, since the flow rate Q _T of the top blowing oxygen is small, the influence of the cooling effect on the hot metal 3 becomes larger than the hot metal stirring effect by the bottom blowing gas, and the heat of the hot metal 3 is deprived. As a result, the heat to the scrap 2 and the supply of [C] are delayed, and the apparent 100% melting radius rc _{, 100%} is reduced.

On the other hand, in the case of ε _T / ε _B > 0.9, in the blowing with strong stirring as in the present embodiment, the amount of bottom blowing gas Q _B is small, and the hot metal 3 is stirred in the vicinity of the scrap 2. become weak. In that case, become scrap 2 each other easily fused, apparently scrap will radius r _c is increased, resulting in scrap 2 causes the remaining melt.
Based on these facts, the present inventors have come to the view that the balance 4 is important for effective scrap melting, and from the viewpoint of the rapid movement of heat and carbon between the scrap 2 and the hot metal 3. The range of the ratio of the top bottom blowing stirring power ε _T and the bottom blowing stirring power ε _B was expressed by the equation (5).

In addition, when the flow rate Q _T of the top blown oxygen is large and the acid feed rate is large, the decarburization process time is short. An undesirable phenomenon occurs in operation, such as an increase in the amount. On the contrary, when the flow rate Q _T of the top blown oxygen is small, there is no problem in terms of scrap melting, but the decarburization process that is the original function of the converter 1 is slowed down, and the productivity is remarkably deteriorated. In addition, considering that the blowing condition of the present embodiment is high-speed blowing for 10 to 13.5 minutes, the top blowing stirring power ε _T is defined as 1100 ≦ ε _T ≦ 1400 as in Expression (6). did.

On the other hand, with respect to the agitation by the bottom blowing gas, it is preferable to maintain strong agitation because the scrap 2 becomes difficult to dissolve because the scrap 2 is buried in the slag 6 adhering to the furnace bottom of the converter 1. In addition, in high-speed blowing, in other words, blowing that supplies a large amount of top-blown oxygen, from the viewpoint of reducing Fe oxidation loss and improving Mn yield, the bottom-blown gas flow rate Q _B (bottom-blown stirring power ε _B ) Must be secured. That is, the T.I. In the state where Fe is 18% or more, Fe oxidation loss during high-speed blowing is large, which causes operational problems. A strong bottom blowing stirring power ε _B that can make Fe smaller than 18% is required. Therefore, in the present embodiment, 1550 ≦ ε _B is satisfied.

On the other hand, if the bottom blowing agitation power ε _B is too large, the bottom blowing tuyere 5 and the bottom blowing gas supply facility must be adapted to a large capacity, which may cause problems in terms of equipment. is there. The cost of bottom blowing gas increases and the wear of the tuyere 5 increases. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the upper limit of ε _B is set to 1900, and the bottom blowing stirring power ε _B is defined as 1550 ≦ ε _B ≦ 1900 as shown in Expression (7).

Table 1 shows the results of blowing the hot metal 3 using the operation method of the converter 1 described above. In all cases, the blowing time is 10 minutes or more and less than 13.5 minutes, which is high-speed blowing. The top bottom blowing converter 1 used in the present example is of a 250 ton scale, and scrap 2 having various thicknesses L generated in the steelworks was charged to 10 to 32 ton and blown.
The dissolution state of scrap 2 was clarified by the Ni tracer method (described later).

No1-No20 were the cases where the blowing in the converter 1 was performed so that all of Formula (1)-Formula (7) might be satisfy | filled, Comprising: In any case, 100% dissolution rate was achieved.
No23, No25-No29, No31-No36 do not satisfy any of the formulas (1) to (7), in other words, the scrap 2 is thick, the charging amount W is large, or the blowing time θ is short. When the total stirring power ε is inappropriate or when blowing is performed, scrap 2 remains undissolved.
For Nos. 21, 22, 24, and 30, scraps 2 satisfy 100% of formula (1) to formula (4) and are dissolved 100%. Since Fe ≧ 18%, the Fe oxidation loss was large, and it was judged as x for comprehensive evaluation.

Nos. 37 and 38 are cases where the top blowing stirring power ε _T or the bottom blowing stirring power ε _B was changed during blowing (8 minutes after the start of blowing). No. 37 satisfies the expressions (5) and (7) from the middle of blowing, and No. 38 satisfies the expressions (5) and (7) until the middle of blowing, and the conditions are satisfied from the middle of blowing. It is intended to come off. In either case, scrap 2 remains unmelted because the blowing conditions are changed.
As can be seen from these examples, the scrap melting rate to 100% satisfy expressions (1) to (4), i.e. the scrap radius r _c less than 100% lysis radius r _{c, 100%} And it turns out that it is necessary to satisfy | fill the conditions of Formula (5)-Formula (7) with respect to the whole blowing period ((theta) = 10-13.5 minutes).

  The above-mentioned “Ni tracer method” means that batch scraps 2 having various thicknesses and known Ni contents are collectively charged into the converter 1, and several times during blowing and blowing. Sampling is performed, and the amount of Ni (Ni chemical analysis value) in the molten iron 3 or molten steel is determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. If the amount of Ni in the hot metal 3 becomes the same as the amount of Ni contained in the scrap 2 charged in advance, it can be determined that the scrap 2 is completely melted. Moreover, the quantity of the melt | dissolved scrap 2 becomes clear by ratio of the amount of Ni in the molten iron 3 or molten steel, and the amount of Ni contained in the scrap 2 previously charged.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

It is the schematic of an upper bottom blow converter. It is the figure which showed the relationship between a scrap radius and a 100% melt | dissolution radius. It is a figure for deriving the calculation formula of a scrap radius. It is a figure for deriving the calculation formula of 100% dissolution radius. It is a figure for calculating | requiring the contribution of top blowing stirring power.

Explanation of symbols

1 Top Bottom Blowing Converter 2 Scrap 3 Hot Metal 4 Top Blow Lance 5 Tuyere 6 Slag

Claims (1)

In the operation method of the converter that performs the decarburization process while melting the scrap charged in the top-bottom blowing type converter,
In order to completely dissolve the scrap within the set blowing time to 10 to 13.5 minutes, scrap radius r _c and the formula obtained by equation (2) (3), 100% lysis obtained by (4) Decarburization so that the radius r _{c, 100%} satisfies the formula (1), and the stirring power ε _T for the top blowing and the stirring power ε _{B for the} bottom blowing satisfy the formulas (5) to (7). A method of operating a converter characterized by performing treatment.

Images