JP4698779B2 - Magnetic sputtering target and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Magnetic sputtering target and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP4698779B2 JP4698779B2 JP25375399A JP25375399A JP4698779B2 JP 4698779 B2 JP4698779 B2 JP 4698779B2 JP 25375399 A JP25375399 A JP 25375399A JP 25375399 A JP25375399 A JP 25375399A JP 4698779 B2 JP4698779 B2 JP 4698779B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
- H01F41/18—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates by cathode sputtering
- H01F41/183—Sputtering targets therefor
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ターゲットのスパッタ面内における磁気的異方性が少なく、エロージョン形状の歪みが小さい磁性体スパッタリングターゲットおよびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ハードディスク用磁気記録媒体、磁気ヘッド、LSIチップ等に磁性膜を形成する方法として、スパッタリング法が広く用いられている。
スパッタリング法は、陽極となる基板と陰極となるターゲットとを対向させ、不活性ガス雰囲気下でこれらの基板とターゲットの間に高電圧を印加して電場を発生させるものであり、この時電離した電子と不活性ガスが衝突してプラズマが形成され、このプラズマ中の陽イオンがターゲット表面に衝突してターゲット構成原子を叩きだし、この飛び出した原子が対向する基板表面に付着して膜が形成されるという原理を用いたものである。
【0003】
現在、スパッタリングの多くは、いわゆるマグネトロンスパッタリングと呼ばれている方法が使用されている。マグネトロンスパッタリング法は、ターゲットの裏側に磁石をセットしターゲット表面に電界と垂直方向に磁界を発生させてスパッタリングを行なう方法であり、このような直交電磁界空間内ではプラズマの安定化および高密度化が可能であり、スパッタ速度を大きくすることができるという特徴を有している。
【0004】
一般に、このようなマグネトロンスパッタリング法を用い、強磁性体またはフェリ磁性体等の磁性体薄膜を基板上に形成することが行なわれている。
マグネトロンスパッタリングは磁界中に電子を捕らえて、効率よくスパッタガスを電離するが、ターゲットが磁化をもつ場合、ターゲットそのものが磁気特性によって、スパッタ面近傍の磁界に影響を与える。
そしてスパッタ面内の磁気特性が不均一な(磁気異方性がある)ターゲットを用いるとエロージョン部の最深部が歪み、予定した膜厚分布が得られないという問題がある。磁気異方性のあるターゲットは、特に1方向に圧延加工したターゲットにより発生し易い。
【0005】
特に、圧延を施したターゲット素材は、当然歪みが等方的ではない。すなわち結晶粒が一方向に延ばされた集合組織となる。このため、三次元的に見た場合には勿論のこと、圧延面内ですら、磁気特性に異方性を生ずることが多い。
このような圧延板から円盤状のターゲットを切出してターゲットを作製すると、本来円形のエロージョンが進行するところが、1方向に延ばされた形となる。
本来、円形基板上への成膜の際に本来円形のエロージョンとなることが期待されていたものであるから、該円形基板上での均一膜厚が達成できない。
成膜の厚さは磁気特性を左右するので、膜厚の均一性は重要であるが、この点の問題は十分に解決されていなかった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記のような問題または欠点に鑑みてなされたもので、加工による磁気異方性を効果的に減少させ、エロージョン形状の歪みが小さく、かつ安定して製造できる磁性体スパッタリングターゲットおよびその製造方法を得ることにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するために、本発明者はスパッタリング用ターゲットの製造工程に着目し、加工工程の改良により、薄膜の磁気的異方性を容易に減少でき、安定した製造条件で再現性よくかつ品質の良い磁性薄膜を得ることができるとの知見を得た。
本発明はこの知見に基づき、
1 ターゲットのスパッタ面内において、初磁化曲線上の最大透磁率、保磁力、角型比のいずれかの磁気特性の最大値と最小値が、その中間値の±15%以内であることを特徴とするマグネトロンスパッタリング用磁性体ターゲット、
2 スパッタリング用ターゲット素材をクロス圧延し、等方的な歪みとすることにより、磁気的異方性を減少させることを特徴とするターゲットのスパッタ面内における初磁化曲線上の最大透磁率、保磁力、角型比のいずれかの磁気特性の最大値と最小値がその中間値の±15%以内にあるマグネトロンスパッタリング用磁性体ターゲットの製造方法、
を提供するものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のマグネトロンスパッタリングターゲットは強磁性体またはフェリ磁性体等の磁性体薄膜を基板上に形成するターゲットに適応することができ、磁性材料(組成)の種類に特定されずに広範囲に使用することができる。
本発明のマグネトロンスパッタリング用磁性体ターゲットは、ターゲットのスパッタ面内において、初磁化曲線上の最大透磁率、保磁力、角型比のいずれかの磁気特性の最大値と最小値が、その中間値の±15%以内である。本数値の枠から外れるものは、エロージョン形状のゆがみが発生する。
【0009】
例えば、溶製ターゲットの製造に際しては、まず所定の磁性材料を溶解後のブロック(インゴット)に鋳造し、これを熱間で鍛造又は圧延加工し、さらに冷間加工して平板状その他のマグネトロンスパッタリング装置にセットできるターゲット形状に成形する。
【0010】
さらに、上記熱間及び冷間、あるいは場合によっては冷間での加工を、例えばクロス圧延や据え込み鍛造等で行えば、歪みが等方的なターゲットを得ることができる。
この場合、クロス圧延は専ら相互に直角な方向の圧延であるが、これを直角以外の方向の圧延、すなわち多方向圧延とすることもできる。また、このクロス圧延を繰り返して圧延することもできる。本発明において用いる用語「クロス圧延」はこれらの全てを含む。
なお、多方向のクロス圧延はそれなりに異方性はより改善されるが、通常は、上記のように2方向圧延で十分な場合が多い。
これによって、ほぼ均一な歪みをもつ組織にすることができ、磁気的異方性を減少させ、ターゲットのスパッタ面内における初磁化曲線上の最大透磁率、保磁力、角型比のいずれかの磁気特性の最大値と最小値がその中間値の±15%以内にあるマグネトロンスパッタリング用磁性体ターゲットを得ることができる。
【0011】
【実施例および比較例】
以下、実施例および比較例に基づいて説明する。なお、本実施例はあくまで一例であり、この例によって何ら制限されるものではない。すなわち、本発明は特許請求の範囲によってのみ制限されるものであり、本発明の技術思想に含まれる実施例以外の種々の変形を包含するものである。
【0012】
(実施例)
純度99.99%以上のNiとFeを原料とし、真空誘導溶解炉を用いてNi−Fe合金を真空溶解した。溶解品の組成はNi−20wt%Feである。
前記Ni−Fe合金の溶解鋳造後、得られたインゴット(170×200×30t)を均熱化処理(1100°Cで2時間保持)し、その後12tまで熱間圧延した。熱間圧延後、室温で各方向にそれぞれ断面減少率43%で互いに垂直な2方向に圧延を施した。
これらの熱延板から試料を切り出し、磁性体ターゲットとした。
【0013】
(比較例)
実施例と同様に、純度99.99%以上のNiとFeを原料とし、真空誘導溶解炉を用いてNi−Fe合金を真空溶解した。溶解品の組成はNi−20wt%Feである。
前記Ni−Fe合金の溶解鋳造後、得られたインゴット(170×200×30t)を均熱化処理(1100°Cで2時間保持)し、その後12tまで熱間圧延した。
熱間圧延後、室温で断面減少率43%で1方向圧延した。そして、これらの熱処理板から試料を切り出し、円盤形の磁性体ターゲットとした。
【0014】
次に、実施例および比較例のスパッタ薄膜の最大透磁率、保磁力および角型比を測定するために、下記のスパッタリング条件で円盤形基板上に成膜し、B-Hメーターで4πIコイル、を用い、最大磁界1000Oeで最大透磁率、保磁力および角型比を測定した。
(マグネトロンスパッタリング条件)
成膜電力 500W/3インチ径
Ar圧力 0.Pa
膜厚 25nm
基板温度 280°C
この結果を表1に示す。
【0015】
【表1】
【0016】
表1において、比較例では最大透磁率(μ)の最大値が105、最小値が59.2であり、バラツキがあるのに対して、本発明の実施例では最大値が231、最小値が220であり、均一性に優れている。
また、保磁力については、比較例においては最大値が14.0Oe、最小値10.2Oeであるのに対して、本発明の実施例では最大値が5.0Oe、最小値3.4Oeであり、均一性に優れている。
さらに角型比については、比較例では最大値が0.0097、最小値0.0015であるのに対して、本発明の実施例では最大値が0.0006、最小値0となり、磁気特性の異方性が極めて小さい。
そして、本発明の実施例では、ターゲットのスパッタ面内において、初磁化曲線上の最大透磁率、保磁力、角型比のいずれかの磁気特性の最大値と最小値が、その中間値の±15%以内である条件を満たしている。
【0017】
次に、上記マグネトロンスパッタリング後の円盤状ターゲットのエロージョン形を測定した。(理想的には真円形のエロージョン形となる。)
この結果を、表2に示す。この表2に示す通り、比較例では短径/長径の比が、0.954であった。これに対し、実施例は同比が1である。実施例ではエロージョン形の異方性が低減し、それだけ均一な膜が形成されたことを意味している。本実施例では、Ni−20wt%Feターゲット、Ni−17wt%Fe、Ni−19at%Pについて説明したが、上記例以外の磁性体ターゲットにおいても同等の効果があることが確認できた。
【0018】
【表2】
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明のマグネトロンスパッタリング用磁性体ターゲットは、スパッタリング用ターゲット素材をクロス圧延を施すことにより、歪みの等方化を図り、これによってスパッタ面内における初磁化曲線上の最大透磁率、保磁力、角型比のいずれかの磁気特性の最大値と最小値がその中間値の±15%以内とすることにより、エロージョン形状の歪みが小さく、かつ安定して製造できる磁性体スパッタリングターゲットおよびその製造方法を得ることができる優れた特性を備えている。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a magnetic sputtering target with little magnetic anisotropy in the sputtering surface of the target and a small distortion of the erosion shape, and a method for manufacturing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A sputtering method is widely used as a method for forming a magnetic film on a magnetic recording medium for a hard disk, a magnetic head, an LSI chip, or the like.
In the sputtering method, a substrate serving as an anode and a target serving as a cathode are opposed to each other, and an electric field is generated by applying a high voltage between these substrate and target in an inert gas atmosphere. Electrons and inert gas collide to form a plasma. The cations in the plasma collide with the target surface and strike target atoms, and the ejected atoms adhere to the opposing substrate surface to form a film. This is based on the principle that
[0003]
Currently, most of sputtering uses a so-called magnetron sputtering method. Magnetron sputtering is a method in which a magnet is set on the back side of a target and a magnetic field is generated in the direction perpendicular to the electric field on the target surface to perform sputtering. In such an orthogonal electromagnetic field space, plasma stabilization and densification are achieved. It is possible to increase the sputtering rate.
[0004]
In general, using such a magnetron sputtering method, a magnetic thin film such as a ferromagnetic material or a ferrimagnetic material is formed on a substrate.
Magnetron sputtering captures electrons in the magnetic field and efficiently ionizes the sputtering gas. However, when the target has magnetization, the target itself affects the magnetic field in the vicinity of the sputtering surface due to the magnetic characteristics.
If a target with non-uniform magnetic characteristics (with magnetic anisotropy) in the sputtering surface is used, the deepest part of the erosion part is distorted, and a predetermined film thickness distribution cannot be obtained. A target having magnetic anisotropy is particularly likely to be generated by a target rolled in one direction.
[0005]
In particular, the rolled target material is naturally not isotropic in distortion. That is, it becomes a texture in which crystal grains are extended in one direction. For this reason, when viewed in three dimensions, anisotropy often occurs in the magnetic properties even in the rolling plane.
When a disk-shaped target is cut out from such a rolled plate to produce the target, the originally circular erosion progresses in a shape extended in one direction.
Originally, since it was originally expected to form a circular erosion during film formation on a circular substrate, a uniform film thickness on the circular substrate cannot be achieved.
Since the thickness of the film formation affects the magnetic characteristics, the uniformity of the film thickness is important, but this problem has not been sufficiently solved.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems or disadvantages. A magnetic sputtering target that effectively reduces magnetic anisotropy due to processing, has a small erosion-shaped distortion, and can be stably produced. It is to obtain the manufacturing method.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventor pays attention to the manufacturing process of the sputtering target, and by improving the processing process, the magnetic anisotropy of the thin film can be easily reduced and the reproducibility is stable under stable manufacturing conditions. And the knowledge that a good quality magnetic thin film can be obtained was acquired.
The present invention is based on this finding,
1 Within the sputtering surface of the target, the maximum and minimum values of the maximum permeability, coercive force, and squareness ratio on the initial magnetization curve are within ± 15% of the intermediate value. Magnetic target for magnetron sputtering
2 Maximum magnetic permeability and coercivity on the initial magnetization curve in the sputtering surface of the target, characterized by reducing the magnetic anisotropy by cross-rolling the sputtering target material to an isotropic strain , A method for producing a magnetic target for magnetron sputtering in which the maximum value and the minimum value of any one of the magnetic characteristics of the squareness ratio are within ± 15% of the intermediate value thereof,
Is to provide.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The magnetron sputtering target of the present invention can be applied to a target on which a magnetic thin film such as a ferromagnetic material or a ferrimagnetic material is formed on a substrate, and can be used in a wide range without being specified by the type of magnetic material (composition). Can do.
The magnetic target for magnetron sputtering of the present invention has an intermediate value between the maximum value and the minimum value of any one of the maximum magnetic permeability, coercive force, and squareness ratio on the initial magnetization curve in the sputtering surface of the target. Is within ± 15% of. Anything outside the numerical value frame will cause erosion distortion.
[0009]
For example, in the production of a melting target, a predetermined magnetic material is first cast into a block (ingot) after melting, this is hot forged or rolled, and further cold worked to form a flat plate or other magnetron sputtering. Mold into a target shape that can be set in the machine.
[0010]
Furthermore, if the above-mentioned hot and cold, or in some cases, cold processing is performed, for example, by cross rolling or upsetting forging, a target with isotropic strain can be obtained.
In this case, the cross rolling is rolling in a direction perpendicular to each other, but this may be rolling in a direction other than a right angle, that is, multidirectional rolling. Further, the cross rolling can be repeated for rolling. The term “cross rolling” used in the present invention includes all of these.
In addition, although multi-directional cross rolling improves the anisotropy as it is, usually, as described above, bi-directional rolling is often sufficient.
As a result, a structure with almost uniform strain can be obtained, magnetic anisotropy can be reduced, and any of the maximum permeability, coercive force, and squareness ratio on the initial magnetization curve in the sputtering surface of the target can be achieved. A magnetic target for magnetron sputtering in which the maximum value and the minimum value of the magnetic properties are within ± 15% of the intermediate value can be obtained.
[0011]
Examples and Comparative Examples
Hereinafter, description will be made based on Examples and Comparative Examples. In addition, a present Example is an example to the last, and is not restrict | limited at all by this example. In other words, the present invention is limited only by the scope of the claims, and includes various modifications other than the embodiments included in the technical idea of the present invention.
[0012]
(Example)
Ni and Fe having a purity of 99.99% or more were used as raw materials, and a Ni—Fe alloy was vacuum melted using a vacuum induction melting furnace. The composition of the dissolved product is Ni-20 wt% Fe.
After melt casting the Ni—Fe alloy, the obtained ingot (170 × 200 × 30 t) was soaked (held at 1100 ° C. for 2 hours) and then hot-rolled to 12 t. After hot rolling, rolling was performed in two directions perpendicular to each other at a room temperature of 43% in each direction at room temperature.
Samples were cut from these hot-rolled plates to obtain magnetic targets.
[0013]
(Comparative example)
Similar to the examples, Ni and Fe having a purity of 99.99% or more were used as raw materials, and a Ni—Fe alloy was vacuum melted using a vacuum induction melting furnace. The composition of the dissolved product is Ni-20 wt% Fe.
After melt casting the Ni—Fe alloy, the obtained ingot (170 × 200 × 30 t) was soaked (held at 1100 ° C. for 2 hours) and then hot-rolled to 12 t.
After hot rolling, unidirectional rolling was performed at room temperature with a cross-section reduction rate of 43%. Then, a sample was cut out from these heat treatment plates to obtain a disk-shaped magnetic target.
[0014]
Next, in order to measure the maximum magnetic permeability, coercive force and squareness ratio of the sputtered thin films of Examples and Comparative Examples, a film was formed on a disk-shaped substrate under the following sputtering conditions, and a 4πI coil was measured using a B-H meter. The maximum magnetic permeability, coercive force and squareness ratio were measured at a maximum magnetic field of 1000 Oe.
(Magnetron sputtering conditions)
Deposition power 500 W / 3 inch diameter Ar pressure 0. Pa
Film thickness 25nm
Substrate temperature 280 ° C
The results are shown in Table 1.
[0015]
[Table 1]
[0016]
In Table 1, in the comparative example, the maximum value of the maximum magnetic permeability (μ) is 105 and the minimum value is 59.2, and there are variations, whereas in the example of the present invention, the maximum value is 231 and the minimum value is 220, which is excellent in uniformity.
Regarding the coercive force, the maximum value is 14.0 Oe and the minimum value is 10.2 Oe in the comparative example, whereas the maximum value is 5.0 Oe and the minimum value is 3.4 Oe in the embodiment of the present invention. , Excellent in uniformity.
Further, regarding the squareness ratio, the maximum value is 0.0097 and the minimum value is 0.0015 in the comparative example, whereas the maximum value is 0.0006 and the minimum value is 0 in the embodiment of the present invention. Anisotropy is extremely small.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in the sputtering surface of the target, the maximum value and the minimum value of any one of the maximum magnetic permeability, the coercive force, and the squareness ratio on the initial magnetization curve are ± 0.5 of the intermediate value. Satisfy the condition of 15% or less.
[0017]
Next, the erosion shape of the disk-shaped target after the magnetron sputtering was measured. (Ideally a round erosion shape.)
The results are shown in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, in the comparative example, the ratio of minor axis / major axis was 0.954. On the other hand, in the example, the ratio is 1. In the embodiment, the erosion-type anisotropy is reduced, which means that a uniform film is formed. In this example, Ni-20 wt% Fe target, Ni-17 wt% Fe, and Ni-19 at% P were described. However, it was confirmed that the magnetic target other than the above example has the same effect.
[0018]
[Table 2]
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
The magnetic target for magnetron sputtering according to the present invention is designed to make strain isotropic by subjecting the sputtering target material to cross rolling, whereby the maximum magnetic permeability, coercivity, angle on the initial magnetization curve in the sputtering surface. A magnetic sputtering target having a small erosion shape distortion and stable production by making the maximum and minimum values of any of the magnetic characteristics of the mold ratio within ± 15% of the intermediate value, and a method for producing the same It has excellent properties that can be obtained.
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| JP25375399A JP4698779B2 (en) | 1999-09-08 | 1999-09-08 | Magnetic sputtering target and manufacturing method thereof |
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| JP4384453B2 (en) | 2003-07-16 | 2009-12-16 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Ag-based sputtering target and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5389802B2 (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2014-01-15 | エイチ.シー. スターク インコーポレイテッド | Refractory metal plate with improved tissue uniformity |
| CN113814280B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-09-15 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Rolling method of low-coercivity free-cutting steel |
| CN114934261B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-12-05 | 先导薄膜材料(广东)有限公司 | Iron target, iron-nickel alloy target and manufacturing method thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62109309A (en) * | 1985-11-08 | 1987-05-20 | Hitachi Ltd | Manufacture of uniaxial anisotropic magnetic thin film |
| JPS63244728A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-10-12 | Nkk Corp | Target for sputtering |
| JPH02225661A (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1990-09-07 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Production of ferromagnetic body target |
| JPH0598433A (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1993-04-20 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Method for manufacturing target for sputtering |
| JPH06248445A (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1994-09-06 | Toshiba Corp | Sputtering target and magnetic thin film and thin-film magnetic head formed by using the same |
| JP2000038661A (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-02-08 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Co ALLOY TARGET, ITS PRODUCTION, APPARATUS FOR SPUTTERING, MAGNETIC RECORDING FILM AND DEVICE FOR MAGNETIC RECORDING |
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1999
- 1999-09-08 JP JP25375399A patent/JP4698779B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| JP2001076955A (en) | 2001-03-23 |
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