JP4704232B2 - 組換え伝染性非セグメント化陰性鎖rnaウイルス - Google Patents
組換え伝染性非セグメント化陰性鎖rnaウイルス Download PDFInfo
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Description
全てのラブドウイルスのようなRVビリオンは、2種の主要構造成分:(ヌクレオキャプシド又はリボ核タンパク質(RNP)コア及びRNPコアを包囲する二層膜形態のエンベロープ)からなる。全てのラブドウイルスの感染成分はRNPコアである。ゲノムRNAは陰性センスであるため、メッセンジャーとしては機能し得ないが、mRNA転写のために自身の内在性RNAポリメラーゼを必要とする。RNAゲノムは、2種の少量タンパク質、即ちRNA依存性RNAポリメラーゼ(L)及びリンタンパク質(P)と組合わさったヌクレオキャプシド(N)タンパク質によってキャプシド内に被包されてRNPコアを形成する。膜成分は2種のタンパク質(トランスメンブラン糖タンパク質(G)及び膜の内側に位置する基質(M)タンパク質)を含んでいる。Gタンパク質はRVの細胞付着や膜融合を担い、更には、宿主免疫系の主標的である。
a)前記ウイルスは、選択する糖タンパク質G類似体の標的に依存して、ある細胞、器官又は宿主を特異的に標的とし得る。
b)前記ウイルスは更に、前述したように非狂犬病病原体に由来するエピトープをコードする外来遺伝子情報のキャリアーであり得る。
i)トロウイルス;ウマ、ウシ及びブタトロウイルス、
ii)コロナウイルス;ウシ、イヌ、ブタ及びネココロナウイルス、特にそのスパイクタンパク質
の免疫原性決定因子を組換え狂犬病ウイルス内に導入することにより産生される。
a)RNAポリメラーゼを発現する細胞内に、
1)RVのN、P及びLタンパク質をコードする1個以上のDNA分子と、
2)RVのcDNAゲノムを含むDNA分子
とを導入し、
b)前記細胞によって産生されるウイルスを単離する
段階からなる。
全長RV cDNAの構築(図2)。
RVのタンパク質N、P、Lをコードするプラスミドと、プラスミドpSAD L16とのコトランスフェクションをConzelmann及びSchnell,1994(上掲)に記載された方法で実施した。
SAD B19ヌクレオチド3823−6668を示すpSAD L16の2.8kb XhoI−ScaI断片を含むサブクローンpPsiX8でΨの操作を実施した。次いで、改変pPsiX8プラスミドのStuI断片を単離し、これを使用して全長クローンpSAD L16(図1)の対応断片(SAD B19位置4014−6364)を置換した。pPsiX8をHind IIIで消化し、エキステンションをクレノー酵素でフィルインし、再結合することにより、4個のヌクレオチドをΨに挿入して、新たなNheI部位を生成した。ヌクレオチド5338−5341を重複させて、最後の全長クローンpSAD U2をSAD L16と区別する。
StyI及びHindIIIで二重に消化し、クレノーフィルインし、再結合して、396塩基(SAD B19ヌクレオチド4942−5337)を欠失させた。最終構築物はpSAD W9であった。pSAD V*の構築のために、SAD B19 N/Pシストロンボーダー領域を含む180bp BgIII−AsuII断片をpSAD13から単離した(Conzelmann等、1990、上掲)。その断片は、Nコード化領域の97ヌクレオチドと、全3’非コード化領域と、N転写終結/ポリアデニル化シグナル、遺伝子間領域、及び転写開始シグナルを含むPシストロンの最初の16ヌクレオチドからなるN/Pシストロンボーダーとを含んでいた。まずcDNA断片を、3’陥凹末端をクレノー酵素でフィルインした後のpBluescriptのEcoRI部位にサブクローニングした(pNigP−180)。pNigPからHindIII/XbaIで切り出し、ブラント末端を産生した後、それぞれ16pb及び34bpのベクター由来配列に隣接するRVインサートを含む230bp断片産物をpPsiX8のフィルインしたStyI部位にクローニングした。かくして、最終全長構築物(pSAD V*)は、pSAD L16に匹敵する234bpの挿入を有していた。
ブラント末端をクレノー酵素で生成した後に、実施例3に記載した多重制限部位に隣接するN/Pシストロンボーダーを含む230bp cDNA断片を、全長cDNA pSAD L16の偽遺伝子領域のBstXI部位(SAD B19位置4995)に導入した。得られたcDNA pSAD Vを細菌クロラムフェニコール−アセチルトランスフェラーゼ(CAT)遺伝子の導入基材として使用した。pSAD XCATを得るため、全CATコード化領域を含むpCM7(Pharmacia)の0.8kb DNA断片を、偽遺伝子配列の上流のN/Pシストロンボーダーに含まれるpSAD VのAsuII部位にクローニングした。pSAD VCATの構築のために、偽遺伝子配列(SAD B19位置5337)の末端付近に位置する、AsuII部位とHindIII部位との間のcDNAを欠失し、クレノー酵素でブラント末端を形成した後に、pCM7由来のCATコード化HindIII−DNAで置換した。従って、組換えRV SAD XCATの転写により、偽遺伝子配列を非翻訳化3’領域として有するCAT mRNAが得られるはずであり、SAD VCATは偽遺伝子配列の欠失したCAT mRNAを転写するはずである。
従来のブタ熱ウイルス(CSFV)のゲノムは、3種の構造糖タンパク質(E0、E1及びE2)をコードする。CSFV感染動物では、中和抗体はE2に対するものであり、E0は細胞免疫応答を誘発する。CSFV株AlfortのE2タンパク質及びE0タンパク質それぞれのコード化領域を包含するcDNAを使用して、実施例4に記載したようにpSAD VのAsuII部位とHindIII部位との間の偽遺伝子を置換した。実施例1で詳述したように、組換えウイルス(それぞれSAD−VE0及びSAD−VE2)をトランスフェクション実験から回収した。感染細胞では、ウイルスはそれぞれCSFV E0タンパク質及びCSFV E2タンパク質を発現した(図7)。
標準ウイルスSAD B19ほどは効率的に増殖しないウイルスを生成するために、突然変異Gタンパク質を有する組換え体を調製した。
RVゲノム由来の全Gタンパク質コード化領域を欠失させるために、全長クローンpSAD UE(実施例2)を使用した。このクローンは、G遺伝子の非翻訳化3’領域(SAD B19位置5339)内に単一のNheI部位が存在することがpSAD L16と異なる。pSAD U2をPflMI(SAD位置3176)で部分的に消化し、NheIで完全消化し、その後クレノー酵素でフィルインし、再結合することにより、SAD B19ヌクレオチド3177−5339を含むcDNA断片を除去した。得られたクローンpSAD dGをトランスフェクション実験で使用して、組換えウイルスを回収した。しかしながら、N、P及びLタンパク質をコードするプラスミドの他に、Gタンパク質をコードするプラスミドをpSAD dGと一緒にトランスフェクトして、ウイルスゲノムのG欠失を補った。得られたウイルスSAD dGを、Gコード化プラスミドで再度トランスフェクトした細胞に通し、ワクシニアウイルスvTF−7−3に感染させて、Gタンパク質を得た。
異種表面タンパク質が組換えウイルスのエンベロープに機能的に取り込まれ得ることを実証するために、G突然変異体SAD dGを狂犬病ウイルスGについて実施例7に記載したように組換えウイルス糖タンパク質で相補化した。Mokolaウイルス、狂犬病ウイルス属の他の類、ラブドウイルス水泡性口内炎ウイルス(VSV;血清型New Jersey,ベシキュロウイルス属)、及びレトロウイルスヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV−1、株NL−43)に由来するスパイクタンパク質を含む伝染性偽型粒子を生成した。
図1:
RV偽遺伝子(Ψ)の構成及び組換えRVゲノムの構築(一定の比率で記述)。番号は、SAD B19の抗ゲノム配列のヌクレオチド位置を示す。上部に、5個の読み取り枠を有する全RVゲノムを示す。ゲノムの一部(3823−6668)を含むpPsiX8で突然変異を実施し、StuI断片(4014−6364)を交換して前記突然変異を全長クローンpSAD L16に再度導入した。詳細な図面では、コード化領域を灰色の枠で示し、非コード化配列は線として示す。機能的転写シグナル配列は黒い縦棒(終結/ポリアデニル化)及び矢印(mRNA転写開始)で示す。Ψ領域の開始を限定する非機能的シグナル様配列は白い縦棒で示す。矢印は、Ψ領域のRT−PCR分析で使用するオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーG3P及びL4Mの位置を示す。SAD U2では、HindIIIエキステンションのフィルインにより、4個のヌクレオチドが挿入され、単一のNheI部位が生成した。SAD V*では、RV N/Pシストロンボーダーを含むcDNA断片(SAD B19ヌクレオチド1323−1502)をStyI部位に挿入した。SAD W9はStyI/HindIII断片の欠失を有する。
全長RV cDNAを含む転写プラスミドの構築概略図。番号は、SAD B19 RV抗ゲノム配列(Conzelmann等、1990)のヌクレオチド位置を示す。全長RVゲノムDNAの再構築の基材として機能するプラスミドpSDI−1プラスは、T7 RNAポリメラーゼプロモーター(T7)及び肝炎デルタウイルス抗ゲノムリボザイム配列(HDV)に対して反対方向に末端ヌクレオチド1−68及び11760−11928を含むSDI−1 RVミニ−ゲノムを含むpSDI−1(Conzelmann及びSchnell、1994)の対応プラスミドである。pSDI−1プラスのMunI−BglII断片を、前述の3個のSAD B19 cDNAクローンから作成した1kb cDNA構築物で置換した。2個のcDNAクローンからそれぞれ作成した3.6kbSphI断片及び7.2kb AatII断片を挿入すると、全長SAD B19 cDNAを含む最終プラスミドpSAD L16が得られた。このプラスミドをT7 RNAポリメラーゼで転写すると、リボザイムの自己融解の後に、5’末端及び正に3’末端に3個の余分の非ウイルスG残基を有する陽性鎖(抗ゲノム)RNAが得られるはずである。(T7)T7プロモーター;(T7T)T7転写ターミネーター;(HDV)HDV抗ゲノムリボザイム配列。
トランスフェクタントウイルスSAD U2のゲノム内の遺伝子タグの例示。
SAD B19(B19)、SAD V*(V*)及びSAD W9(W9)ゲノムのPCR分析。プライマーG3P及びL4Mを用いる図3に記載の方法で、RT−PCRを実施した。増幅産物を1%アガロースゲルで分離した。
組換えRVSによって転写されるCAT mRNAの例示。
細胞培養で多数回継代した後のSAD XCAT及びSAD VCATのCAT活性。細胞に特定継代(継代数は記載の通り)のウイルスを感染させ、同量の細胞抽出物の、感染から2日後のCAT活性を分析した。レーン“−”では、SAD L16感染細胞由来の抽出物を分析した。
組換えRVによるE0及びE2タンパク質の発現。
SAD VE0(#1及び#2)、SAD VE2(#6)及び標準狂犬病ウイルスSAD B19(#3及び#4)で免疫し、CSFVで攻撃したブタの白血球。白血球量は、攻撃(0日)前に存在した絶対数のパーセントで表す。*(#1、攻撃から10日後):計測せず、推定値である。
SAD DCD感染細胞での端を切り取ったGタンパク質の発現。
細胞培養物でのSAD L16及びSAD DCDの伝染。
SAD dG(実施例7)及びSAD dCD(実施例6)に特異的なRNAの分析。
G-突然変異体SAD dGの非伝染性BSR細胞に、表現型が相補化されたSAD dGを感染させ、トランスフェクションから36時間後に免疫蛍光顕微鏡検査法により分析した。(A)では、細胞をNタンパク質に対するFITC結合抗体(Centocore)と共にインキュベートして、Nタンパク質の発現を示す。単細胞のみが感染し、隣接細胞へのウイルスの伝染は観察されなかった。(B):G特異抗体での対照。
RV(HIV)偽型ビリオンの生成に使用する機能的キメラHIV/RV糖タンパク質の組成。トランスメンブランドメインのすぐ下流にある3個のアミノ酸を除く全HIV−NL43gp160細胞質ドメインを、完全PV−G細胞質ドメインで置換した。“p”は、親タンパク質に存在しないプロリン残基を示す。細胞質ドメイン配列とトランスメンブランドメイン配列はスラッシュ(/)で離す。
Claims (18)
- ウイルスゲノムの読み取り枠、偽遺伝子領域又は遺伝子間領域に挿入及び/又は欠失を含む遺伝子操作による狂犬病ウイルス以外の伝染性複製非セグメント化陰性鎖RNAウイルス突然変異体。
- ウイルス突然変異体が偽遺伝子領域に挿入及び/又は欠失を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のウイルス突然変異体。
- ウイルス突然変異体が読み取り枠に挿入及び/又は欠失を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のウイルス突然変異体。
- ウイルス突然変異体が基質タンパク質をコードする読み取り枠に挿入及び/又は欠失を含むため、機能的基質タンパク質が不在となり、前記突然変異体の表現型が基質タンパク質で補完されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のウイルス突然変異体。
- ウイルス突然変異体が糖タンパク質Gをコードする読み取り枠に挿入及び/又は欠失を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のウイルス突然変異体。
- 挿入及び/又は欠失により、機能的糖タンパク質Gが不在化し、前記突然変異体の表現型が相補性糖タンパク質Gで補完されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のウイルス突然変異体。
- 相補性糖タンパク質Gが狂犬病ウイルス糖タンパク質Gであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のウイルス突然変異体。
- 病原性ウイルス又は微生物のエピトープ又はポリペプチドをコードする異種核酸配列を保有することを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のウイルス突然変異体。
- パラミクソウイルスファミリーに属することを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のウイルス突然変異体。
- ラブドウイルスファミリーに属することを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のウイルス突然変異体。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載のウイルス突然変異体と医薬的に許容可能なキャリアー又は希釈剤とを含むワクチン。
- a)RNAポリメラーゼを発現する宿主細胞内に、
1)ウイルスのN、P及びLタンパク質をコードする1個以上のDNA分子と、
2)非セグメント化陰性鎖RNAウイルスゲノムのcDNAを含むDNA分子
とを導入し、
b)前記細胞によって産生されるウイルスを単離する
段階からなる狂犬病ウイルス以外の伝染性複製非セグメント化陰性鎖RNAウイルスの製造方法。 - 非セグメント化陰性鎖RNAウイルスゲノムのcDNAが突然変異の取り込みによって改変されることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 非セグメント化陰性鎖RNAウイルスcDNAゲノムの転写体が陽性鎖抗ゲノムRNAであることを特徴とする請求項12又は13に記載の方法。
- RNAポリメラーゼが、T7 RNAポリメラーゼであることを特徴とする請求項12から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- T7 RNAポリメラーゼが組換えワクシニアウイルスから発現されることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
- 非セグメント化陰性鎖RNAウイルスゲノムがパラミクソウイルスファミリーから得られることを特徴とする請求項12から16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 非セグメント化陰性鎖RNAウイルスゲノムがラブドウイルスファミリーから得られることを特徴とする請求項12から16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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| US5166057A (en) * | 1989-08-28 | 1992-11-24 | The Mount Sinai School Of Medicine Of The City University Of New York | Recombinant negative strand rna virus expression-systems |
| AU7007491A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1991-08-08 | Schweiz. Serum- & Impfinstitut Bern | Cdna corresponding to the genome of negative-strand rna viruses, and process for the production of infectious negative-strand rna viruses |
| ZA937164B (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1994-05-23 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Delivery system |
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| PT702085E (pt) | 2004-04-30 |
| US6033886A (en) | 2000-03-07 |
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| CA2154023A1 (en) | 1996-01-19 |
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| EP0702085B2 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
| ATE257175T1 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
| CA2154023C (en) | 2007-04-10 |
| CN100447247C (zh) | 2008-12-31 |
| DE69532369D1 (de) | 2004-02-05 |
| JP3816126B2 (ja) | 2006-08-30 |
| CN1912112A (zh) | 2007-02-14 |
| DE69532369T2 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
| JP2006136340A (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
| JPH08168381A (ja) | 1996-07-02 |
| ES2210273T3 (es) | 2004-07-01 |
| CN1121959A (zh) | 1996-05-08 |
| EP0702085B9 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
| EP0702085A1 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
| DK0702085T4 (da) | 2010-04-06 |
| EP1394259A3 (en) | 2004-04-14 |
| EP1394259A2 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
| EP0702085B1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
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