JP4704580B2 - Mg type aluminum alloy material dry cutting method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement in a dry cutting method of an Mg-based aluminum alloy material, and more particularly, without using a cutting fluid, and by using a cemented carbide tool in which a coating film is not formed on the surface of a cutting blade. The present invention relates to a dry cutting method of an Mg-based aluminum alloy material represented by JISH5000 series containing aluminum as a main component and containing magnesium, which makes it possible to obtain a machined surface with good surface properties with no metallic luster. is there.
[0002]
[Prior art]
WC generally has a high affinity with aluminum, and when aluminum is dry-cut by a carbide tool mainly composed of WC, aluminum adheres vigorously to the cutting edge of the cutting edge of the carbide tool. It is known that there is a problem that the processed surface becomes rough. Therefore, in order to reduce the adhesion of aluminum to the cutting edge of the cutting edge of the carbide tool, for example, a coating film having a low friction coefficient is formed on the surface of the cutting edge of the carbide tool, or the rake angle is increased. By taking various measures such as these, an attempt is made to prevent adhesion of adhesion to the cutting edge of the cutting edge of the carbide tool.
[0003]
However, such means cannot be expected to have a great effect on reducing the adhesion of aluminum to the cutting edge of the cutting edge of the carbide tool. Due to the high cost of the tool and the large rake angle, another problem arises that the cutting edge of the cutting edge of a cemented carbide tool tends to be chipped, so that it is limited to special applications. That is, it is the mainstream to use cutting fluid. (Conventional example 1)
[0004]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-249640 (conventional example 2) discloses a cutting fluid at a cutting speed of 120 to 400 m / min by a hob formed by forming a coating film made of TiAlN on the surface of a cutting edge. There is disclosed a technique that makes it possible to perform gear cutting without using it.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the conventional example 1, as described above, since the cutting fluid is used, it is possible to obtain a good machined surface with no metal shine. However, in addition to increasing the manufacturing cost of the product due to the use of the cutting fluid, there is a problem that the working environment is deteriorated. In particular, in the case of an Mg-based aluminum alloy material mainly composed of aluminum and containing magnesium, which is represented by the JISH5000 system and is often used due to good mechanical properties, the production cost of the product and the working environment From the point of view, without using cutting fluid, without forming a special coating film on the cutting blade of the tool, and with a breaker (cutting chips separated from the work material by cutting into appropriate small pieces If the Mg-based aluminum alloy material can be cut without forming grooves or obstacles provided on the scooping surface for the purpose of breaking, a great economic effect can be obtained.
[0006]
The conventional example 2 is limited to a special field of gear cutting of steel material, and even if the steel material is the same, it cannot be applied to general processing such as turning or end milling. In addition, depending on the application, the characteristics are adjusted by adding various alloy elements, and various aluminum alloy materials exist as practical materials, and there are many standards, and the individual mechanical properties are different. However, such a technique cannot be applied to the processing of an aluminum alloy that needs to set a processing method suitable for each alloy. Further, since it is necessary to form a special coating film made of TiAlN on the surface of the cutting blade, there is a problem in price that the cutting tool itself is expensive.
[0007]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to obtain a machined surface having excellent surface properties without using a cutting fluid, by using a carbide tool mainly composed of WC, in which a coating film is not formed on the surface of the cutting blade. It is to provide a dry cutting method for an Mg-based aluminum alloy material that makes it possible.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the dry cutting method for Mg-based aluminum alloy material according to claim 1 of the present invention adopts a Mg-based aluminum alloy material containing aluminum as a main component and containing magnesium, It is characterized by cutting at a turning speed of 800 m / min or more with a cemented carbide tool having a rake angle of 5 ° or more, WC as a main component and no coating film formed on the surface of the cutting blade. This is a dry cutting method.
[0009]
Moreover, the means which the dry-type cutting method of the Mg type | system | group aluminum alloy material which concerns on Claim 2 of this invention employ | adopted the Mg type | system | group aluminum alloy material which has aluminum as a main component and contains magnesium is -5 degrees or more And having a WC as a main component and having a cutting speed of 550 to 800 m / min and a diameter of the cutting edge of the cemented carbide tool by a cemented carbide tool having a coating film formed on the surface of the cutting blade . It is a dry cutting method for Mg-based aluminum alloy material, characterized by turning at a feed rate (mm / rev) of 4 times or more.
[0010]
Further, the means adopted by the dry cutting method of the Mg-based aluminum alloy material according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized in that the Mg-based aluminum alloy material is a JIS H 5000-based aluminum alloy material. 3. A dry cutting method for an Mg-based aluminum alloy material according to 1 or 2.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a dry cutting method of an Mg-based aluminum alloy material using a cemented carbide tool mainly composed of WC of the present invention will be described.
[0012]
The inventors investigated how the adhesion tendency of the Mg-based aluminum alloy to the cemented carbide tool mainly composed of WC changes with respect to the change of the cutting speed. A cemented carbide tool 1 used for dry cutting of an Mg-based aluminum alloy material, as shown in FIG. 1A of a plan view of a cutting tool, is attached to one end side of a shank 2 supported by a tool table of a lathe (not shown). It is fixed. By the way, when each name which concerns on the cemented carbide tool 1 used for the following description is defined based on FIG.1 (b) of the name explanatory drawing, it is as follows.
(1) The crawling angle: It is the angle α between the reference plane and the crawling surface.
(2) Scuff surface: A surface on which cutting waste is scraped and is a main surface for cutting.
(3) Roundness of the cutting edge; roundness of the edge of the cutting edge where the scooping surface and the flank face intersect
It is.
[0013]
As a result, when the cutting speed is less than 550 m / min, an adhesive with a high adhesion height adheres from the tip of the cutting edge of the carbide tool to the scooping surface, and this adhesive during the cutting process. In addition to the deterioration of the properties of the machined surface due to the adherence of adherents to the machined surface of the Mg-based aluminum alloy material and the occurrence of flaking due to repeated adhesion and removal of Resistance increases. When the cutting speed exceeds 550 m / min, the amount of Mg-based aluminum alloy adhering to the tip of the cutting edge of the carbide tool is drastically reduced, the properties of the machined surface are improved, and the cutting resistance Was found to be significantly reduced.
[0014]
As described above, when the cutting speed exceeds 550 m / min, the amount of adhesion is drastically reduced, the properties of the machined surface are improved, and the cutting resistance is remarkably reduced with the cutting speed as a boundary. This is because the adhesion tendency of the adherend to the blade tip of the cutting edge of the hard tool changes greatly. More specifically, if the cutting speed is exceeded, the adherent material adheres to the ugly surface of the cutting edge of the carbide tool, but the adhesive height of the adherent material decreases rapidly, improving the properties of the machined surface. It was found that the cutting resistance contributed to a significant reduction. In addition, when the cutting speed exceeds 800 m / min, the adhered product is completely formed into a thin film. However, it was also found that in the cutting speed region of 550 to 800 m / min, the adhesion is a transition region of the adhesion form.
[0015]
In addition, in the cutting speed range of 550 to 800 m / min, it has been found that the adhesive can be made thinner by making the feed speed more than four times the rounding diameter of the cutting edge of the carbide tool. It was. This is because the increase in the feed rate prevents a decrease in the rake angle due to the roundness of the cutting edge.
[0016]
Furthermore, when the craving angle, which is a factor that has a large influence on the dischargeability of cutting waste, is less than −5 °, the dischargeability of the cutting waste deteriorates, and an adhering substance is formed on the tip of the cutting edge of the carbide tool. It becomes easy to adhere. However, it has been found that when the rake angle is −5 ° or more, a thin film-like adherent is formed at the tip of the cutting edge of the carbide tool, and the processed surface is not adversely affected. By the way, it has also been found that the technical idea of the present invention can be applied to a tool made of a material having an affinity equivalent to that of a cemented carbide tool mainly composed of WC with respect to an aluminum alloy material. It goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to a tool manufactured from a material having a lower affinity for an aluminum alloy material than a cemented carbide tool mainly composed of WC.
[0017]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an example in which a dry cutting process is performed on an Mg-based aluminum alloy material containing aluminum as a main component and containing magnesium by using a cemented carbide tool mainly containing WC of the present invention will be described.
A turning test was performed using a carbide tool equivalent to P10 (WC-10% Co) (cracking angle: -5 °, nose radius: 0.8 mm, rounded diameter of the blade edge: 22.4 μm, coating film: none). went.
[0018]
Cutting conditions of the turning test are as shown in cutting conditions 1 shown below.
(1) Work material: Aluminum alloy (JIS 5052H112)
(2) Cutting speed: 100, 300, 550, 650, 800 m / min
(3) Feed rate: 0.05, 0.1, 0.3mm / rev
(4) Cutting depth: 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mm
(5) Lubrication conditions: dry (no lubrication)
[0019]
For comparison with the dry cutting method according to the present invention, a wet turning test was performed under the cutting conditions 2 shown below.
(1) Work material: Aluminum alloy (JIS 5052H112)
(2) Cutting speed: 150, 400, 650, 800 m / min
(3) Feed rate: 0.1mm / rev
(4) Cutting depth: 0.5mm
(5) Lubrication conditions: wet (water-soluble cutting oil)
Incidentally, the water-soluble cutting oil is obtained by diluting EC50 manufactured by Yushiro Science 20 times.
[0020]
First, in order to see the change in the cutting performance of the carbide tool due to the difference in cutting speed, at a cutting depth of 0.5 mm and a feed speed of 0.1 mm, 100 m / min, 300 m / min, 550 m / min, 650 m / min, and The workpiece was turned at a cutting speed of 800 m / min, and the cutting resistance of the carbide tool and the surface roughness of the cut surface of the workpiece were investigated.
[0021]
About the cutting resistance of the cemented carbide tool obtained by this investigation, as shown by the black square mark in FIG. 2 of the explanatory diagram of the relationship between the main component force (N) acting on the cemented carbide tool and the cutting speed (m / min). It is. Further, regarding the surface roughness of the cut surface of the work material, FIG. 3 of the relationship explanatory diagram between the surface roughness of the work surface of the work material and the cutting speed (m / min) [the vertical axis in FIG. The unit of surface roughness of the processed surface is (Rmax, μm). ] As indicated by black square marks. The white circles in FIGS. 2 and 3 show the results of the wet turning test under the above cutting condition 2.
[0022]
As is well understood from FIGS. 2 and 3, in the case of the cutting speed region of less than 550 m / min, the cutting resistance is larger than that in the case of the conventional wet machining, and the cutting material It can be seen that the surface roughness of the machined surface is extremely rough. On the other hand, in the cutting speed region exceeding 550 m / min, it can be seen that both the cutting resistance and the surface roughness of the cutting surface of the workpiece are the same as those in the conventional wet processing. .
[0023]
Moreover, in order to see the influence of the cutting depth and the feeding speed on the effect of the cutting speed, the surface roughness of the cut surface of the work material obtained by each turning test was visually evaluated. The case where the cutting speed is 800 m / min is as shown in Table 1, the case where the cutting speed is 550 m / min is as shown in Table 2, and the case where the cutting speed is 300 m / min is shown in Table 3. Table 4 shows the case where the cutting speed is 100 m / min. The white circles in each table indicate that the cutting surface of the workpiece is not shattered, has a metallic luster, and the surface properties are good, and the cross indicates the cutting surface of the workpiece. This indicates that the surface properties are poor with no metallic luster.
[0024]
[Table 1]
[0025]
[Table 2]
[0026]
[Table 3]
[0027]
[Table 4]
[0028]
It can be seen from Table 1 above that if the cutting speed is set to 800 m / min or more, a cut material with a glossy metallic surface can be obtained, and the cutting speed is set to 550 to 800 m / min and the feed is performed. It can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 that if the speed is 0.1 mm / rev (more than 4 times the diameter of the edge of the cutting edge), a work material with a metallic luster can be obtained without irritating the cut surface. . In other words, using a cemented carbide tool with a WC as a main component and having a craving angle of -5 ° or more with no coating film formed on the surface, it is not necessary to use a cutting fluid as in Conventional Example 1, but to JIS5000 series. Cutting performance comparable to that of wet machining is exhibited with respect to a representative Mg-based aluminum alloy material.
[0029]
Therefore, according to the cutting method according to the present invention, as described above, unlike the first conventional example, a cutting fluid is not necessary, so that it has a great effect in reducing the manufacturing cost of the product and preventing the deterioration of the working environment. Further, unlike the conventional example 2, it is not necessary to form a special coating film (TiAlN), so that there is an economic effect that the cost of the cemented carbide tool is advantageous.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the dry cutting method of the Mg-based aluminum alloy material according to claim 1 of the present invention, the cutting surface is unavoidable and has a metallic luster by setting the cutting speed to 800 m / min or more. A material to be cut can be obtained, and according to the dry cutting method of the Mg-based aluminum alloy material according to claim 2 of the present invention, the cutting speed is set to 550 to 800 m / min and the feed speed is set to 0.1 mm / rev. By making it (4 times the diameter of the roundness of the cutting edge), it is possible to obtain a workpiece having a metallic luster with no cutting surface.
[0031]
Therefore, according to the dry cutting method of the Mg-based aluminum alloy material according to claim 1 or 2 of the present invention, unlike the conventional example 1, no cutting fluid is required, so that the manufacturing cost of the product is reduced and the working environment is deteriorated. This has a great effect in prevention, and unlike the conventional example 2, it is not necessary to form a special coating film (TiAlN), so that an excellent economic effect that it is advantageous in terms of the cost of the carbide tool can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 relates to a cutting tool used for dry cutting of an Mg-based aluminum alloy material of the present invention, FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 1 (b) is an explanatory diagram of names of carbide tools.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a relationship between a main component force (N) acting on a cemented carbide tool and a cutting speed (m / min) according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a relationship between a surface roughness (Rmax, μm) of a cutting surface of a workpiece and a cutting speed (m / min) according to the embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Carbide tool 2 ... Shank

Claims (3)

A carbide based on an aluminum-based Mg-based aluminum alloy material containing magnesium, having a -5 ° or more rake angle, WC as a main component, and no coating film formed on the surface of the cutting blade A dry cutting method for an Mg-based aluminum alloy material, characterized in that turning is performed with a tool at a cutting speed of 800 m / min or more. A carbide based on an aluminum-based Mg-based aluminum alloy material containing magnesium, having a -5 ° or more rake angle, WC as a main component, and no coating film formed on the surface of the cutting blade An Mg-based aluminum alloy material characterized in that it is turned by a tool at a cutting speed of 550 to 800 m / min and at a feed speed (mm / rev) that is four times or more the diameter of the cutting edge of the carbide tool. Dry cutting method. The dry cutting method for an Mg-based aluminum alloy material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Mg-based aluminum alloy material is a JIS H 5000-based aluminum alloy material.