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JP4720066B2 - Lead-acid battery and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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JP4720066B2 - Lead-acid battery and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Lead-acid battery and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP4720066B2
JP4720066B2 JP2002217861A JP2002217861A JP4720066B2 JP 4720066 B2 JP4720066 B2 JP 4720066B2 JP 2002217861 A JP2002217861 A JP 2002217861A JP 2002217861 A JP2002217861 A JP 2002217861A JP 4720066 B2 JP4720066 B2 JP 4720066B2
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lead
carbon material
positive electrode
lead alloy
carbon
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JP2004063184A (en
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哲志 梶川
純一 山浦
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Panasonic Corp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鉛蓄電池およびその製造法に関し、特にエキスパンド格子体の改良に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、電気自動車およびハイブリッド電気自動車(HEV)のモータ用電源として鉛電池の採用が検討されている。このHEV用途では、減速時に回生エネルギーで充電し、発進及び加速時に放電されるという繰り返し充放電が行われるため、鉛電池にはハイレート電流によるパルス充放電の繰り返し特性や保存特性を含めた寿命特性が強く望まれる。
【0003】
しかしながら、HEV用途に鉛電池を用いる場合、通常は放電側に片寄って使用することが多く、不完全な充電状態で充放電されるため、正極並びに負極では充放電サイクルを繰り返すにつれ、格子体の表面に放電生成物である硫酸鉛層が形成され、この導電性の無い硫酸鉛の結晶が粗大化して不活性化(サルフェーション)することによって、極板の導電性が下がり放電性能が低下して短寿命となる。
【0004】
さらに、正極格子体の表面層では酸化鉛の腐食層が形成され、不活性な硫酸鉛に変化することによって、正極板の導電性が下がり放電容量低下になるという問題があった。
【0005】
このような導電性低下の問題に対しては、従来から、正極活物質中にカーボン繊維を添加したもの(特開平9−115517号公報)や、負極活物質中にカーボン等の導電性添加剤を入れたもの(特開平7−111164号)、負極活物質にカーボンウイスカーを添加したもの(特開平6−251766号公報)等の活物質に導電性を付与したものが知られているが、これらの構成ではカーボン導電添加物が充電時の酸素で酸化されて拡散消失しやすく導電性効果を持続させることは難しい。
【0006】
そこで、格子に関したものでは、従来、正極格子体表面にカーボンブラックを付着させることによって、腐食反応を進行させ、格子体とペーストの密着性を向上させて寿命特性を向上させるもの(特開平6−275257号公報)が提案されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、この構成では、鉛粉とカーボンブラックに水を加えたスラリーに正極格子体の表面を浸漬することによって格子体の表面にカーボン付着層を形成するものであり、塗着層のため格子体との密着性が弱く、サイクル経過で塗着層が格子表面からはがれやすいという問題がある。
【0008】
また、正極の腐食が進行した場合に、塗着層の部分ではカーボンが残留するため導電性が得られるが、塗着層が空孔を持つため、格子本体まで腐食されるようになった場合にはカーボンが存在しない腐食層が多くなり徐々に格子の導電性が失われるという問題がある。
【0009】
また、格子体表面では充電時に鉛から酸化鉛へ、放電時に酸化鉛から硫酸鉛へと腐食層に変化する過程で体積比が増加し格子体が横方向に伸びることにより、エキスパンド格子体の枠なし側面では、特に活物質層との剥離が起こり易く、また伸びた格子体上端が接続体棚に接触短絡して短寿命になるということに対しては、前記従来例では塗着層が空孔を持つため、格子体表面の横方向の伸びに対して充分な強度が得られないという問題もあった。
【0010】
本発明はこれらの課題を解決するものであり、本発明の目的は正極または負極の格子体に導電性を付与して極板の導電性を向上することにより、早期容量低下を防止して充放電サイクル寿命を長くすることであり、特に正極格子体の伸びを抑えて活物質の剥離や格子上端で接続体棚との短絡を防止した密閉型鉛蓄電池を提供するものである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために本発明は、エキスパンド格子体を用いる鉛蓄電池において、前記格子体の少なくとも一方は金属鉛または鉛合金基板の表面に炭素材料含有鉛合金層を形成したものをエキスパンド加工したものであって、前記炭素材料含有鉛合金層は、機械的応力がかかっている圧着状態にあり、前記炭素材料には黒鉛、非晶質炭素またはカーボンブラックの少なくとも一つであるものとした。
【0012】
格子体表面層の一辺に炭素材料を含有させることにより、格子体に導電性を付与できるので、極板の放電性能が向上し、充放電サイクルに伴う早期容量低下を防止して、充放電サイクル寿命を長くした密閉型鉛蓄電池を得ることができる。
【0013】
また、正極格子体に炭素材料を含有させると、腐食層の伸びを抑えることができるので活物質の剥離や、格子体上端における接続体棚との短絡も防止できる。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の請求項1に記載した発明は、正極と負極の少なくとも一方にエキスパンド格子体を用いる鉛蓄電池において、前記格子体の少なくとも一方は金属鉛または鉛合金の基板シートの表面に炭素材料含有鉛合金層を形成したものをエキスパンド加工したものであって、前記炭素材料含有鉛合金層は、機械的応力がかかっている圧着状態にあり、前記炭素材料は黒鉛、非晶質炭素またはカーボンブラックの少なくとも一つであるとしたものであり、鉛合金層内の炭素材料が格子体に導電性を付与するという作用を有する。
【0015】
合金層は、機械的応力がかかっている圧着状態にある、表面層が格子体と一体化しているとほぼ同じ状態になり、サイクルでのはがれがなくなる。この圧着状態は冷間圧延等にて作成することができる。
【0016】
前記炭素材料として黒鉛、非晶質炭素またはカーボンブラックの少なくとも一つを用いるが、導電性の得られるものであれば、形状は粒状、繊維状、微粒子のいずれでもよい。特に、導電性の高い結晶性炭素材料が好ましく、球状黒鉛または繊維状の黒鉛が好ましい。
【0017】
球状黒鉛を用いた場合には、格子体に形成した鉛合金層の導電性を高めることができる。また、繊維状黒鉛を用いた場合には、正極格子体に圧着した鉛合金層が腐食した場合に繊維状黒鉛が腐食層中で導電性パスを形成するので、極板の導電性をさらに高めることができる。なお、繊維径は0.01〜5μm、繊維長さは1〜1000μmの範囲が好ましい。短すぎると導電性の効果が無く、また長すぎると絡みが生じて均一に分散できないからという理由による。
【0018】
また、本発明においては、正極または負極のいずれの格子体であってもよい。正極格子体の表面に炭素材料を含有した鉛合金層を形成すると、充放電により形成した鉛合金層が硫酸鉛の腐食層に変化した場合でも、腐食層中に炭素材料が存在することになり、腐食層に導電性を付与することができるので、正極格子体すなわち正極の導電性の低下を抑制できる。
【0019】
一方、負極格子体の表面に炭素材料を含有した鉛合金層を形成すると、圧着した鉛合金層と活物質との界面では、充電時に鉛合金層の鉛が溶解して炭素材料が露出するが、放電時には炭素材料を巻き込みながら硫酸鉛として再析出するため、圧着した鉛合金層と活物質との界面に形成される硫酸鉛層には炭素材料が含有されることになり、負極格子体表面近傍に蓄積される硫酸鉛層に導電性を付与することができるので、負極の導電性低下を抑制できる。
【0020】
請求項2に記載の発明は、鉛合金層の厚みが鉛合金基板シートの厚みに対して10%〜30%であるとしたものであり、基板シートに導電性のある鉛合金層を形成できる。10%未満だと炭素材料が格子体の表層のみに存在し、極板の導電性を上げるには不充分である。また、厚み比を大きくすると相対的に鉛合金シートの厚みが減少することになり、製造時の強度不足のため好ましくない。
【0021】
請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の格子体が正極格子体であるとしたものである。通常、腐食層によるサイクル劣化の度合いが大きいため、正極格子体に炭素材料が含有された場合には、特に大きい改善効果が期待できる。
【0022】
また、請求項4に記載の発明は、正極と負極にエキスパンド格子体を用いる鉛蓄電池の製造方法において、正極または負極エキスパンド格子体の作製工程は予め粒状の金属鉛または鉛合金と炭素材料とを混合し、メカニカルアロイング法、または、遊星ボールミルを用い、炭素材料を鉛粉に食い込ませた炭素材料含有鉛粉末または鉛合金粉末を調整し、前記炭素材料含有鉛粉末または鉛合金粉末を金属鉛または鉛合金の基板シート上に散布後、冷間圧延を行ない、前記鉛粉末を前記シート上に圧着一体化することにより、格子体の表面層に炭素材料含有鉛合金層を圧着形成し、エキスパンド加工を行うとしたものであり、これにより鉛合金の基板シートに炭素材料を含有させることができる。
【0023】
お、遊星ボールミル法は連続遊星ボールミル法、回分式ボールミル法等のいずれでもよく、粉体の種類、物性、装置の形式や能力などを勘案して適宜その態様を決定すればよい。
【0024】
具体的には、予め粒状にした金属鉛または鉛合金と炭素材料とを混合し、遊星ボールミルを用い、炭素材料を鉛粉に食い込ませた炭素材料含有鉛粉末または鉛合金粉末を調整し、これを、鉛合金基板シート上の全面ないし一部に散布し、その後冷間圧延を繰り返して帯状シートを作製し、エキスパンド工法によって網状の格子シートに加工後、寸断して極板用格子体を作製する。
【0025】
この方法により、冷間圧延時に鉛合金基板シート上に炭素材料を含有させた鉛合金層を形成できる。
【0026】
特に、鉛合金基板シートの表面に予め細かな凹凸を設けておくと、炭素材料鉛粉末を鉛合金シートの内部にまで含有させることができる。
【0027】
また、あらかじめ鉛合金基板シートの厚みを厚くしておいて、前記の炭素材料鉛粉末を散布後に冷間圧延工程における圧延回数を増やすことにより目標とする厚みの帯状シートを作製することもできる。
【0028】
なお、前記炭素材料鉛粉末を平板プレスやロールプレスにより炭素材料を含有した鉛合金箔シートとし、これを鉛合金基板シート上に重ねて冷間圧延をして帯状シートを作製することもできる。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を説明する。
【0030】
(実施例1)
まず、正極板について以下のように作製した。金属鉛の鋳塊を粗粉砕し、市販の球状黒鉛(大阪ガス製MCMB)を1質量%混合し、遊星ボールミルによって、平均粒径3μmの炭素材料含有金属鉛粉末を作製する。この粉末を、鉛−錫(1.2質量%)−カルシウム(0.08質量%)からなる厚み10ミリメートルの鉛合金シート上の全面に、合金シートと鉛合金層の厚みの比(正極厚み比)が0.1〜0.5となるように調整して散布し、冷間圧延を繰り返すことによって、鉛合金シート上に炭素含有鉛合金層を圧着形成した正極格子用帯状シートを作製する。この帯状シートに切り目を入れ、展開してマス目を形成し、(表1)に示す正極厚み比を持つエキスパンド正極格子体を作製した。さらに公知の方法により正極活物質を充填して正極板を作製した。
【0031】
負極板の製作は以下のように行った。正極で用いた厚み10ミリメートルの鉛−錫−カルシウム鉛合金シート上に、前記の炭素材料含有金属鉛粉末を散布し、厚み比0.2となるように調整して、冷間圧延を繰り返して負極格子用帯状シートを作製する。正極と同様の方法でエキスパンド負極格子体を作製し、公知の方法により負極活物質を充填して負極板を作製した。
【0032】
この正極板と負極板を用いて群を構成し、(表1)に示すような定格12V60Ahの実施例電池A1〜A6を作製した。
【0033】
(実施例2)
次に、平均直径0.5μm、平均繊維長さ15μm、アスペクト比30の(メーカー昭和電工(株))繊維状黒鉛を実施例1と同様の方法で混合して鉛粉末を作製し、実施例電池B1、B2を作製した。なお、ボールミルで混合後の黒鉛繊維の長さは約5μmであった。実施例1に従って、正極のみに繊維状黒鉛を含有した実施例電池B1、正極と負極の双方の格子体に含有した実施例電池B2を作製した。
【0034】
また、粒径10μmの非晶質炭素(メーカー:呉羽化学、商品名:カーボトロンP)を実施例1に従って、正極のみに含有した実施例電池C1、正極と負極の双方の格子体に含有した実施例電池C2を作製した。
【0035】
【表1】

Figure 0004720066
【0036】
また、比表面積75m2/gのカーボンブラック(種類:アセチレンブラック、商品名:デンカブラック、メーカー:電気化学工業(株))を正極格子体に含有した実施例電池D1、双方の格子体に含有した実施例電池D2を作製した。
【0037】
さらに、比較として、格子体に炭素材料を含有しない比較例電池R0(表1に記載)を作製した。また、正極格子体の表面にカーボンを塗布した比較例電池R1、正極活物質中にカーボンを添加した比較例電池R2を作製した。
【0038】
【表2】
Figure 0004720066
【0039】
これらの鉛蓄電池について、25℃において20A(1/3C)放電サイクル寿命試験により評価を行った。このサイクル寿命試験では、1/3Cの定電流で放電深度80%まで行い、50サイクル毎に150A(2.5C)の定電流で8.4Vまで放電して容量の推移を確認した。なお充電は2段階の充電により行い、1段目は充電電流12A(0.2C)で14.4Vまで充電し、2段目は充電電流3A(0.05C)で4時間充電した。
【0040】
これらの電池に関して、1/3C放電サイクル寿命試験の結果を(表1)、(表2)及び図1に示す。正極格子体に炭素材料を含有した電池A3、B1、C1、D1は、炭素材料を含有しない比較例電池R0または従来例電池R2、あるいは従来例の格子体の表面層のみにしか存在しない比較電池R1に比較して、2.5C放電容量を高く維持でき、充放電サイクル寿命が長かった。これは本願の格子体は炭素材料を存在する層が厚み方向に広く分布しているので腐食層が厚くなっても導電性が得られることによるものと考えられる。
【0041】
また、正極と負極の双方の格子体に炭素材料を含有させた電池A6、B2、C2、D2は、正極格子体のみに炭素材料を含有した電池A1〜A5、B1、C1、D1に比べて、さらに充放電サイクル寿命を延ばすことができた。
【0042】
なお、炭素材料の種類については、球状黒鉛を使用した電池A3と繊維状黒鉛を使用した電池B1は、カーボンブラックを使用した電池D1と非晶質炭素を使用した電池C1に比較してサイクル特性が良好であったが、これは球状黒鉛や繊維状黒鉛の導電性がカーボンブラックや非晶質炭素に比べて高いためであると考えられる。
【0043】
以上の結果から、正極格子体、または正極格子体と負極格子体の双方に炭素材料を含有させることにより、格子体の導電性が向上し、2.5C放電容量を確保できて充放電サイクル寿命を長くすることができる。
【0044】
なお、本実施例では負極格子体のみに炭素材料を含有した場合について省略したが同様の結果が得られた。
【0045】
また、本実施例では格子体を構成する鉛合金に鉛−錫−カルシウム合金を用いたが、金属鉛あるいはその他の鉛合金においても効果があった。
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明による鉛蓄電池は、正極または負極エキスパンド格子体の少なくとも一方は金属鉛または鉛合金の基板シートの表面に炭素材料含有鉛合金層を形成したものをエキスパンド加工したものであって、前記炭素材料含有鉛合金層は、機械的応力がかかっている圧着状態にあり、炭素材料は黒鉛、非晶質炭素またはカーボンブラックの少なくとも一つとすることによって格子体に導電性を付与することができるので極板の導電性が向上し、充放電サイクルにおける早期容量低下を防止して充放電サイクル寿命を長くすることができる。
【0047】
また、正極格子体に炭素材料を含有させることによって、腐食層の伸びを抑えることができるので活物質の剥離や、正極格子体の上端における接続体棚との短絡を抑えることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】1/3Cにおける放電サイクル寿命特性の比較結果を示す図[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lead-acid battery and a method for producing the same, and particularly to improvement of an expanded lattice.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the use of lead batteries as a power source for motors of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) has been studied. In this HEV application, repeated charge / discharge is performed by charging with regenerative energy when decelerating and discharging when starting and accelerating. Therefore, lead batteries have life characteristics including repetition characteristics and storage characteristics of pulse charge / discharge by high-rate current. Is strongly desired.
[0003]
However, when a lead battery is used for HEV applications, it is usually used with a bias toward the discharge side and is charged / discharged in an incompletely charged state. Therefore, as the charge / discharge cycle is repeated in the positive electrode and the negative electrode, A lead sulfate layer, which is a discharge product, is formed on the surface, and this non-conductive lead sulfate crystal is coarsened and deactivated (sulfation), which decreases the conductivity of the electrode plate and reduces the discharge performance. Short life.
[0004]
Further, a corrosion layer of lead oxide is formed on the surface layer of the positive electrode grid body, and there is a problem that the conductivity of the positive electrode plate is lowered and the discharge capacity is reduced by changing to an inactive lead sulfate.
[0005]
In order to solve such a problem of decrease in conductivity, conventionally, a carbon fiber is added to the positive electrode active material (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-115517), or a conductive additive such as carbon is added to the negative electrode active material. Are known in which conductivity is imparted to an active material, such as a material having a carbon whisker added to a negative electrode active material (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-251766), In these structures, the carbon conductive additive is easily oxidized and diffused by oxygen during charging, and it is difficult to maintain the conductive effect.
[0006]
Therefore, in the case of the lattice, conventionally, carbon black is adhered to the surface of the positive electrode lattice body to advance the corrosion reaction, thereby improving the adhesion between the lattice body and the paste, thereby improving the life characteristics (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 6). -275257) has been proposed.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in this configuration, a carbon adhesion layer is formed on the surface of the grid by immersing the surface of the positive grid in a slurry of lead powder and carbon black with water added. There is a problem that the adhesion layer is weak and the coating layer is easily peeled off from the lattice surface in the course of the cycle.
[0008]
In addition, when the corrosion of the positive electrode proceeds, carbon remains in the coating layer part, so that conductivity is obtained, but the coating layer has pores, so that the grid body is corroded. However, there is a problem that the number of corrosive layers without carbon increases and the conductivity of the lattice is gradually lost.
[0009]
In addition, on the grid surface, the volume ratio increases during the process of changing from lead to lead oxide during charging and from lead oxide to lead sulfate during discharge to the corrosive layer, and the grid extends in the horizontal direction. On the other side, in particular, the coating layer is empty in the above-mentioned conventional example, in which peeling from the active material layer is likely to occur, and the upper end of the extended lattice is short-circuited to the connection shelf, resulting in a short life. Due to the holes, there was also a problem that sufficient strength could not be obtained for the lateral elongation of the lattice body surface.
[0010]
The present invention solves these problems, and the object of the present invention is to prevent the early decrease in capacity by providing conductivity to the grid of the positive electrode or the negative electrode to improve the conductivity of the electrode plate. This is to increase the discharge cycle life, and in particular to provide a sealed lead-acid battery that suppresses the elongation of the positive electrode grid body and prevents the active material from peeling and the short circuit with the connection body shelf at the upper end of the grid.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a lead-acid battery using an expanded lattice body, wherein at least one of the lattice bodies is obtained by expanding a metal lead or lead alloy substrate having a carbon material-containing lead alloy layer formed thereon. The carbon material-containing lead alloy layer is in a pressure-bonded state where mechanical stress is applied, and the carbon material is at least one of graphite, amorphous carbon, or carbon black.
[0012]
By including a carbon material on one side of the lattice body surface layer, conductivity can be imparted to the lattice body, so that the discharge performance of the electrode plate is improved, preventing an early capacity drop associated with the charge / discharge cycle, and the charge / discharge cycle. A sealed lead-acid battery having a long life can be obtained.
[0013]
Further, when the positive electrode lattice body contains a carbon material, the elongation of the corrosion layer can be suppressed, so that the active material can be prevented from being peeled off and the connection body shelf at the upper end of the lattice body can be prevented from being short-circuited.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lead-acid battery using an expanded lattice body for at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein at least one of the lattice bodies is a lead containing a carbon material on the surface of a metal lead or lead alloy substrate sheet. The carbon material-containing lead alloy layer is in a pressure-bonded state in which mechanical stress is applied, and the carbon material is made of graphite, amorphous carbon, or carbon black. The carbon material in the lead alloy layer has an effect of imparting conductivity to the lattice body.
[0015]
Alloy layer to be in crimped state is under mechanical stress, the surface layer is integral with the grid becomes substantially the same state, peeling is eliminated in the cycle. This crimped state can be created by cold rolling or the like.
[0016]
As the carbon material, at least one of graphite, amorphous carbon, or carbon black is used. The shape may be any of granular, fibrous, and fine particles as long as conductivity is obtained. In particular, a crystalline carbon material having high conductivity is preferable, and spherical graphite or fibrous graphite is preferable.
[0017]
When spherical graphite is used, the conductivity of the lead alloy layer formed on the lattice can be increased. In addition, when fibrous graphite is used, when the lead alloy layer pressed against the positive grid is corroded, the fibrous graphite forms a conductive path in the corroded layer, further increasing the conductivity of the electrode plate. be able to. The fiber diameter is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5 μm, and the fiber length is preferably in the range of 1 to 1000 μm. If it is too short, there will be no conductive effect, and if it is too long, it will be entangled and cannot be uniformly dispersed.
[0018]
In the present invention, either a positive electrode or a negative electrode may be used. If a lead alloy layer containing a carbon material is formed on the surface of the positive electrode grid, even if the lead alloy layer formed by charge / discharge changes to a lead sulfate corrosion layer, the carbon material will be present in the corrosion layer. Since conductivity can be imparted to the corrosive layer, it is possible to suppress a decrease in conductivity of the positive electrode lattice body, that is, the positive electrode.
[0019]
On the other hand, when a lead alloy layer containing a carbon material is formed on the surface of the negative electrode lattice body, lead in the lead alloy layer is dissolved and the carbon material is exposed during charging at the interface between the lead alloy layer and the active material that are crimped. The lead sulfate layer formed at the interface between the lead alloy layer and the active material that has been crimped contains carbon material because the carbon material is re-precipitated while the carbon material is involved in the discharge. Since conductivity can be imparted to the lead sulfate layer accumulated in the vicinity, a decrease in conductivity of the negative electrode can be suppressed.
[0020]
The invention according to claim 2 is such that the lead alloy layer has a thickness of 10% to 30% with respect to the thickness of the lead alloy substrate sheet, and a conductive lead alloy layer can be formed on the substrate sheet. . If it is less than 10%, the carbon material is present only on the surface layer of the lattice, which is insufficient to increase the conductivity of the electrode plate. Further, when the thickness ratio is increased, the thickness of the lead alloy sheet is relatively decreased, which is not preferable because of insufficient strength during manufacturing.
[0021]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the grid body according to the first aspect is a positive electrode grid body. Usually, since the degree of cycle deterioration due to the corrosion layer is large, a particularly large improvement effect can be expected when a carbon material is contained in the positive electrode grid.
[0022]
The invention described in Claim 4 is a method of manufacturing a lead-acid battery using the expanded grid in the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the manufacturing process of the positive electrode or the negative electrode expanded grid body in advance the particle-shaped metal lead or lead alloy and a carbon material Using a mechanical alloying method or a planetary ball mill, the carbon material-containing lead powder or lead alloy powder in which the carbon material is entrapped in the lead powder is prepared, and the carbon material-containing lead powder or lead alloy powder is made into a metal. After being spread on a lead or lead alloy substrate sheet, cold rolling is performed, and the lead powder is pressure integrated on the sheet to form a carbon material-containing lead alloy layer on the surface layer of the lattice, The expansion process is performed, and the carbon material can be contained in the lead alloy substrate sheet.
[0023]
Na us, planetary ball milling are continuously planetary ball milling, may be any of such batch ball mill method, the kind of the powder, the physical properties may be determined that aspects appropriately determined in view of such formats and capabilities of the device.
[0024]
Specifically, metallic lead or a lead alloy that has been granulated in advance and a carbon material are mixed, and a planetary ball mill is used to adjust a carbon material-containing lead powder or lead alloy powder in which the carbon material is entrapped in the lead powder. Is sprayed over the entire surface or part of the lead alloy substrate sheet, and then cold rolling is repeated to produce a belt-like sheet, which is then processed into a net-like lattice sheet by the expanding method, and then cut into a grid for an electrode plate. To do.
[0025]
By this method, a lead alloy layer containing a carbon material can be formed on the lead alloy substrate sheet during cold rolling.
[0026]
In particular, if fine irregularities are provided in advance on the surface of the lead alloy substrate sheet, the carbon material lead powder can be contained even inside the lead alloy sheet.
[0027]
It is also possible to increase the thickness of the lead alloy substrate sheet in advance and to increase the number of rollings in the cold rolling step after the carbon material lead powder is dispersed to produce a belt-like sheet having a target thickness.
[0028]
The carbon material lead powder can be made into a lead alloy foil sheet containing a carbon material by a flat plate press or a roll press, and this can be stacked on a lead alloy substrate sheet and cold-rolled to produce a belt-like sheet.
[0029]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below.
[0030]
Example 1
First, the positive electrode plate was produced as follows. An ingot of metallic lead is coarsely pulverized, 1% by mass of commercially available spherical graphite (MCMB manufactured by Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.) is mixed, and a carbon material-containing metallic lead powder having an average particle diameter of 3 μm is produced by a planetary ball mill. The ratio of the thickness of the alloy sheet to the lead alloy layer (the thickness of the positive electrode) is applied to the entire surface of the lead alloy sheet having a thickness of 10 mm made of lead-tin (1.2% by mass) -calcium (0.08% by mass). Ratio) is adjusted to be 0.1 to 0.5 and dispersed, and cold rolling is repeated to produce a strip sheet for a positive electrode lattice in which a carbon-containing lead alloy layer is formed on a lead alloy sheet by pressure bonding. . Cuts were made in this belt-shaped sheet and developed to form squares, and an expanded positive electrode grid having a positive electrode thickness ratio shown in (Table 1) was produced. Furthermore, the positive electrode active material was filled by a known method to produce a positive electrode plate.
[0031]
The negative electrode plate was produced as follows. On the 10 mm thick lead-tin-calcium lead alloy sheet used in the positive electrode, the above carbon material-containing metal lead powder is dispersed, adjusted to a thickness ratio of 0.2, and cold rolling is repeated. A strip-like sheet for a negative electrode grid is prepared. An expanded negative electrode lattice was prepared by the same method as that for the positive electrode, and a negative electrode active material was filled by a known method to prepare a negative electrode plate.
[0032]
The positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate were used to form a group, and Example batteries A1 to A6 having a rating of 12V60Ah as shown in (Table 1) were produced.
[0033]
(Example 2)
Next, a lead powder is prepared by mixing fibrous graphite having an average diameter of 0.5 μm, an average fiber length of 15 μm, and an aspect ratio of 30 (manufacturer Showa Denko KK) in the same manner as in Example 1. Batteries B1 and B2 were produced. The length of the graphite fiber after mixing with the ball mill was about 5 μm. According to Example 1, Example battery B1 containing fibrous graphite only in the positive electrode and Example battery B2 contained in both the positive and negative electrode lattice bodies were produced.
[0034]
Further, according to Example 1, amorphous carbon (manufacturer: Kureha Chemical, trade name: Carbotron P) having a particle size of 10 μm was contained only in the positive electrode. Example Battery C2 was prepared.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004720066
[0036]
In addition, Example battery D1 containing carbon black (type: acetylene black, trade name: Denka Black, manufacturer: Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) with a specific surface area of 75 m 2 / g contained in both grids. Example battery D2 was manufactured.
[0037]
Furthermore, as a comparison, a comparative battery R0 (described in Table 1) in which no carbon material was contained in the lattice was produced. Also, a comparative battery R1 in which carbon was applied to the surface of the positive electrode grid and a comparative battery R2 in which carbon was added to the positive electrode active material were produced.
[0038]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004720066
[0039]
These lead storage batteries were evaluated by a 20 A (1/3 C) discharge cycle life test at 25 ° C. In this cycle life test, the discharge depth was 80% with a constant current of 1/3 C, and the discharge was discharged to 8.4 V with a constant current of 150 A (2.5 C) every 50 cycles, and the transition of capacity was confirmed. Charging was performed in two stages. The first stage was charged to 14.4 V with a charging current of 12 A (0.2 C), and the second stage was charged with a charging current of 3 A (0.05 C) for 4 hours.
[0040]
With respect to these batteries, the results of the 1 / 3C discharge cycle life test are shown in (Table 1), (Table 2) and FIG. The batteries A3, B1, C1, and D1 containing the carbon material in the positive electrode lattice are the comparative battery R0 or the conventional battery R2 that does not contain the carbon material, or the comparative battery that exists only in the surface layer of the conventional lattice. Compared to R1, the 2.5C discharge capacity could be maintained high and the charge / discharge cycle life was long. This is presumably because the lattice of the present application has a carbon material layer widely distributed in the thickness direction, so that conductivity is obtained even when the corrosion layer is thick.
[0041]
Also, the batteries A6, B2, C2, and D2 in which the carbon material is contained in both the positive electrode and the negative electrode are compared to the batteries A1 to A5, B1, C1, and D1 in which the carbon material is included only in the positive electrode lattice. Furthermore, the charge / discharge cycle life could be extended.
[0042]
Regarding the types of carbon materials, the battery A3 using spherical graphite and the battery B1 using fibrous graphite are cycle characteristics compared to the battery D1 using carbon black and the battery C1 using amorphous carbon. This is considered to be because the conductivity of spherical graphite and fibrous graphite is higher than that of carbon black and amorphous carbon.
[0043]
From the above results, the inclusion of a carbon material in the positive electrode lattice body or both of the positive electrode lattice body and the negative electrode lattice body improves the conductivity of the lattice body and can secure a 2.5 C discharge capacity, and a charge / discharge cycle life. Can be lengthened.
[0044]
In this example, the case where the carbon material was contained only in the negative electrode lattice was omitted, but the same result was obtained.
[0045]
In the present embodiment, a lead-tin-calcium alloy was used as the lead alloy constituting the lattice body, but it was also effective in metallic lead or other lead alloys.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the lead-acid battery according to the present invention is obtained by expanding at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode expanded lattice body in which a carbon material-containing lead alloy layer is formed on the surface of a metal lead or lead alloy substrate sheet. Te, wherein the carbon material-containing lead alloy layer is in the crimping state is under mechanical stress, imparting conductivity to grid by at least one and be Rukoto of the carbon material of graphite, amorphous carbon or carbon black Therefore, the conductivity of the electrode plate can be improved, the early capacity drop in the charge / discharge cycle can be prevented, and the charge / discharge cycle life can be extended.
[0047]
Moreover, since the elongation of the corrosion layer can be suppressed by including a carbon material in the positive electrode grid, it is possible to suppress peeling of the active material and a short circuit with the connection body shelf at the upper end of the positive electrode grid.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a comparison result of discharge cycle life characteristics at 1 / 3C.

Claims (4)

正極と負極の少なくとも一方にエキスパンド格子体を用いる鉛蓄電池において、
正極または負極エキスパンド格子体の少なくとも一方は金属鉛または鉛合金の基板シートの表面に炭素材料含有鉛合金層を形成したものをエキスパンド加工したものであって、前記炭素材料含有鉛合金層は、機械的応力がかかっている圧着状態にあり、炭素材料は黒鉛、非晶質炭素またはカーボンブラックの少なくとも一つであることを特徴とする鉛蓄電池。
In a lead storage battery that uses an expanded lattice for at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode,
At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode expanded lattice body is obtained by expanding a carbon material-containing lead alloy layer on the surface of a metal lead or lead alloy substrate sheet, and the carbon material-containing lead alloy layer is a machine A lead-acid battery , wherein the carbon material is at least one of graphite, amorphous carbon, or carbon black.
前記合金層の厚みが前記シートの厚みに対して10%〜30%である請求項1記載の鉛蓄電池。  The lead acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the alloy layer is 10% to 30% with respect to the thickness of the sheet. 前記格子体は正極格子体である請求項1記載の鉛蓄電池。  The lead acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the lattice body is a positive electrode lattice body. 正極と負極の少なくとも一方にエキスパンド格子体を用いる鉛蓄電池の製造方法において、
正極または負極エキスパンド格子体の作製工程は予め粒状の金属鉛または鉛合金と炭素材料とを混合し、メカニカルアロイング法、または、遊星ボールミルを用い、炭素材料を鉛粉に食い込ませた炭素材料含有鉛粉末または鉛合金粉末を調整し、前記炭素材料含有鉛粉末または鉛合金粉末を金属鉛または鉛合金の基板シート上に散布後、冷間圧延を行い、前記鉛粉末を前記シート上に圧着一体化することにより、格子体の表面層に炭素材料含有鉛合金層を圧着形成し、エキスパンド加工を行うことを特徴とする鉛蓄電池の製造方法。
In a method for producing a lead-acid battery using an expanded grid for at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode,
Manufacturing process of the positive electrode or the negative electrode expanded grid body premixed and particle-shaped metal lead or lead alloy and a carbon material, mechanical alloying, or, using a planetary ball mill, a carbon material in which bite into carbon material lead powder The lead powder or lead alloy powder is adjusted, and the carbon material-containing lead powder or lead alloy powder is sprayed on a metal lead or lead alloy substrate sheet, followed by cold rolling, and the lead powder is pressed onto the sheet. A method for producing a lead-acid battery, characterized in that a carbon material-containing lead alloy layer is formed on a surface layer of a lattice body by pressure bonding and expanded.
JP2002217861A 2002-07-26 2002-07-26 Lead-acid battery and manufacturing method thereof Expired - Fee Related JP4720066B2 (en)

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