JP4738201B2 - Wave-absorbing structure and wave-dissipating structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wave-dissipating structure material suitable for protecting the shoreline, rivers, lakes, and the like, and more particularly to a wave-dissipating structure, and more particularly, a wave-dissipating structure suitable for protecting a shore that is severely eroded by waves. The present invention relates to a material and a wave-dissipating structure.

  In recent years, the social needs have changed to restore and regenerate the natural environment by seeking comfort and contact with waterside spaces. In waterside spaces where social capital is concentrated, wind waves, etc. Protects against disasters such as shoreline erosion due to the above factors, collapse due to overtopping, etc., and efforts are made to restore and restore nature.

  It is desirable that the protection of the shore be kept to the minimum necessary level, and that the restoration of the river and lakes should be utilized in order to restore the shoreside and harmonize with the local landscape.

  However, conventionally, the protection of such shores is generally performed by placing concrete or stacking concrete blocks such as tetrapots. However, concrete, etc., is heavy and requires a large amount of construction work.In addition, if the shore is made of soft ground, constructing a heavy concrete structure, etc. will sink into the soil and cause the expected consumption. The wave effect cannot be obtained, and a problem that leads to destruction occurs.

  Furthermore, since a rigid structure is directly subjected to the force of waves, it is necessary to increase the scale of the structure in order to prevent destruction due to the impact of waves. This is a factor that increases costs.

  On the other hand, as a structure that copes with waves, a flexible structure is desirable, and a method using a flexible material is excellent. Flexible material can be subjected to wave force to follow the movement of the wave to some extent, and it has a durable structure that can withstand for a long time because it does not break or crack You can get a body.

  However, even in a flexible sheet, for the purpose of wave-dissipation, the force received by the wave is large, and various considerations are necessary in terms of how to disperse the force and relieve the wave force.

  The present invention provides a wave-dissipating structure that is lightweight, easy to construct, strong against waves, and that can protect the shore for a long period of time, and a wave-dissipating structure that forms the wave-dissipating structure. is there.

The present invention was made as a result of intensive studies to achieve this object. Specifically, the present invention intersects a belt-like body obtained by knitting a uniaxially stretched linear body made of thermoplastic resin. Forming a net-like body having a water passage opening, and a wave-dissipating structure body in which only the wave- dissipating structural material obtained by stretching the net-like body on a rigid frame body is erected along the shore , and The above-mentioned wave- absorbing structure is provided in which the filament is a flat yarn, monofilament or multifilament made of polyolefin, polyester or polyamide.

The present invention also includes a wave-dissipating structure in which one or a plurality of the above-mentioned wave-dissipating structural members are vertically erected, and a plurality of the above-mentioned wave-dissipating structural members are combined so that the cross section is a triangle. The present invention provides a wave-dissipating structure that is erected.

  Since the wave-absorbing structure of the present invention has a band part and a water passage opening, it is possible to divide wind wave energy into a band part and a transmission part, and the band part can gently receive wave force while being bent. Based on the time delay phenomenon, it causes mutual interference with the next wave and destroys the periodic fluctuation of the wave, so that the wave motion is not continued and the wave energy is attenuated. Can be obtained.

  In addition, the waves that have passed through the water flow openings interfere with each other immediately after passing, so that the wave force has the effect of being reduced, and the wave energy that these actions synergistically reach the shore. Can be reduced and the back can be stabilized.

  Furthermore, the thickness, width, and aperture ratio of the belt-shaped body can be easily changed, and can be economically combined so as to counter the assumed external force. Further, by forming a plurality of net-like films, it is possible to cancel the wave without selecting the wave height.

  The hydrostatic area created on the back side of the net-like membrane promotes sedimentation and stabilizes the river bank without disturbing the soil. For this reason, it is possible to promote the plant seeds and the like to settle on the soil, to form a vegetation zone of native species that matches the local characteristics, and to regenerate using the natural natural healing of the river.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  The wave-dissipating structure 1 of the present invention comprises a net-like body 5 having a water passage opening 4 formed by intersecting a belt-like body 3 obtained by knitting a filamentary body 2 made of a thermoplastic resin. A wave-dissipating structural member 7 stretched around the body 6 is used.

  As the linear body 2 made of a thermoplastic resin, a uniaxially stretched body of a thermoplastic resin is used, and is used as a belt-shaped body 3 by knitting or knitting. The cross-section of the filament 2 can be square, circular, or other irregular shape, and can be used as a flat yarn, monofilament, multifilament, or spun yarn, and these are twisted as necessary.

  The filament 2 may be a single layer of a thermoplastic resin as shown in FIG. 6 (A), and becomes the base layer 10 as shown in FIGS. 6 (B) and 6 (C). The linear body 2 which consists of a laminated body which laminated | stacked the surface layer 11 on the single side | surface or both surfaces of a thermoplastic resin can be used. Moreover, as shown to FIG 6 (D), it can be set as a seascore structure, and it can be set as a side-by-side structure as shown in FIG 6 (E).

  When the laminated body is used as the thermoplastic resin forming the linear body 2 and the linear body 2, the thermoplastic resin forming the base layer 10 is a thermoplastic resin having an excellent stretching effect. Polyolefin such as high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene / propylene block copolymer, polyester, polyamide, aramid, etc. can be used. Of these, polyolefins such as high-density polyethylene and polypropylene are preferable.

  The surface layer 11 prevents the mesh 5 from being misaligned when the rear filaments 2 formed by weaving and forming the belt-like body 3 are connected to each other, or when the belt-like body 3 is crossed into the mesh-like body 5. For this purpose, the longitudinal belt 3 and the lateral belt 3 are joined, and a thermoplastic resin having a lower melting point than that of the thermoplastic resin used as the base layer 10 is used. Examples of thermoplastic resins having a low melting point include high pressure method low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, ethylene / propylene copolymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, polyacrylamide, etc. In relation to the base layer 10, a thermoplastic resin having a low melting point, preferably a thermoplastic resin having a temperature of 15 ° C. or more is used.

  Various additives can be added to the thermoplastic resin forming the filament 2 depending on the purpose. Specifically, antioxidants such as phenols, organic phosphites and phosnite, organic phosphorus and thioethers; hindered amines and other light stabilizers; benzophenone, benzotriazole and benzoate UV absorbers Nonionic, cationic, anionic antistatic agents; bisamide, wax, organometallic salt, etc. dispersant; amide, wax, organometallic salt, ester, etc. lubricant; bromine-containing organic Flame retardants such as phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid, antimony trioxide, magnesium hydroxide and red phosphorus; organic pigments; inorganic pigments; inorganic fillers and organic fillers.

  From the viewpoint of weather resistance, it is common to use carbon black as a black color from the viewpoint of weather resistance, but it is also preferable to color it in gray, green, blue, brown, etc. from the viewpoint of adapting to the surrounding landscape. It is.

  These additives are blended in any step for producing a material composition that is appropriately combined to form a striatum. The blending of the additive may be prepared by mixing at a predetermined ratio using a kneading device such as a conventional known twin screw extruder, Banbury mixer, kneader, mixing roll, and melt-kneading the mixture. A so-called master batch having a high concentration may be prepared and used after being diluted.

  As a method for forming the filament 2, an extrusion molding method can be used, and a thermoplastic resin film is molded by using an extrusion molding method using a T-die, an inflation molding method, a calendar method, and the like. A long flat yarn can be obtained by slitting and stretching the film after stretching or before stretching.

  Stretching can be performed by stretching with a hot roll, stretching with a hot plate, stretching with a hot air furnace, or the like. The draw ratio is 3 to 15 times, preferably about 7 to 12 times. The thickness of the filament 2 is a fineness of 100 to 10000 dt, preferably about 1500 to 5000 dt, and a filament having a tensile strength of 5 to 70 kgf, preferably 8 to 60 kgf.

  Lamination of the base layer 10 and the surface layer 11 can be performed by a method known per se. A film to be the base layer 10 and a film to be the surface layer 11 are formed in advance, and are multilayered using a dry lamination method or a heat lamination method. Or a known method such as extrusion lamination of a thermoplastic resin for forming the surface layer 10 on a film to be the base layer 10 formed in advance, or extrusion molding as a laminate by a multilayer coextrusion method. However, in terms of ease of molding, cost, and adhesiveness between each layer of the product, a method of obtaining a laminate of the base layer 10 and the surface layer 11 in a single layer by a multilayer coextrusion method is desirable. When a seascore structure or a side-by-side structure is used, a multilayer coextrusion method is generally employed.

  Further, as a means for stretching to form the filament 2, a synthetic resin to be the surface layer 11 may be laminated after stretching the film to be the base layer 10 in a uniaxial direction, and this may be slit into a tape shape, or Moreover, after slitting the film in which the base layer 10 and the surface layer 11 are laminated, it can also be obtained by stretching in a uniaxial direction.

  The filament 2 is knitted to form a belt, that is, a flat and long band, and is used for the wave-dissipating structure material 7 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the knitted fabric may have a plain weave structure, or may have a twill weave structure, a satin weave structure, an entangled weave structure, a knitted knitted structure, or the like. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 8, it can also be set as a cross-bonded cloth structure by joining the line | wire 2a in parallel, and joining the intersection after having arranged the other line | wire 2b so that it may cross | intersect on it.

  The width of the belt-like body 3 can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, but is generally about 10 mm to 200 mm.

  The belt-like body 3 is a net-like body 5 and is stretched around a frame body 6 made of a rigid material. Rigid materials include wood such as thinned wood, metals such as copper, iron, and stainless steel, thermoplastic resins with high rigidity such as polyphenylene ether, polycarbonate, polyester, polyamide, and polyimide, or thermosetting such as unsaturated polyester. Resin can be used.

  An inorganic filler can be added to the thermoplastic resin or the thermosetting resin, and this is a preferred embodiment for improving the rigidity. The inorganic filler may be fibrous, granular or powdery.

  Examples of the fibrous filler include glass fiber, carbon fiber, whisker, and the like. Shapes include focused cut bodies, short fibers, filaments, rovings, protective sheets, whiskers, etc. In the case of focused cut bodies, the length is 0.05 mm to 50 mm, and the converged fiber diameter is 5 to 50 μm. Those are preferred.

  On the other hand, examples of granular and powder fillers include talc, carbon black, graphite, titanium dioxide, silica, mica, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, barium sulfate, oxysulfate, and tin oxide. , Alumina, kaolin, silicon carbide, metal powder, glass powder, glass flakes, glass beads and the like.

  The belt-like body 3 obtained by forming the belt-like shape is formed in a net shape having a water passage opening 4 and is stretched around a rigid frame body 6. As a method for forming the belt-like body 3 in a net shape, the belt-like body 3 can be preliminarily woven into a plain weave structure, a twill weave structure, or the like, and a part or all of the intersections can be joined as necessary. It can be formed by arranging the belt-like bodies 3 in parallel and joining the other belt-like bodies 3 in parallel in a direction crossing the belt-like bodies 3. Joining between the belt-like bodies 3 may be any of sewing, stapling, welding, adhesion, and the like. Furthermore, the belt-like body 3 can be directly stretched on the frame body 6 and arranged in such a manner that the belt-like body 3 intersects vertically and horizontally at that time.

  The opening ratio of the net-like body 5, that is, the area occupied by the water passage opening 4, is 10% to 70% of the net-like body 5, preferably 12 to 60%, and more preferably about 15 to 50%.

  The attachment of the net-like body 5 to the frame body 6 can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose, and as shown in FIG. Further, it can be formed into a cylindrical shape by welding, and the frame body 6 may be passed through this, or the frame body 6 can be attached in advance by sewing. Further, when the frame 6 is made of wood, it can be directly coupled to the frame 6 by nailing, stapling or the like.

  The obtained wave-dissipating structure material 7 is erected in parallel along a shore such as a river to form the wave-dissipating structure 1. As shown in FIG. 2 (A), one of the wave-dissipating structural members 7 may be erected vertically, or two or more of them may be parallel as shown in FIG. 2 (B). You can also stand up.

  In standing installation of the wave-dissipating structural member 7, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the pile 8 or the chestnut stone 14 is fixed. As shown in FIG. 4, a method of stretching and reinforcing the rope 12 is also effective.

  When a plurality of wave-dissipating structural members 7 are used, it is desirable to combine them so that the aperture ratio of the water-permeable opening is large and the land-side aperture ratio is small. In general, they are combined so that the opening ratio on the front stream side is 15 to 70% and the land side on the rear side is 10 to 45%. By using a plurality of wave-dissipating structural members 7, the wave-dissipating effect can be greatly enhanced.

  Also, when using a plurality of wave-dissipating structural members 7, as shown in FIG. 3, they can be combined so that the cross-section is a triangle, and by using a triangle, stability is increased and strength is increased. Can do.

  In standing the wave-dissipating structural member 7, the anti-buckling measures should be taken to prevent the earth and sand below the wave-dissipating structural body 1 from being washed away by waves, water flow, etc. Is desirable. As shown in FIG. 4, a water-permeable sheet 13 made of a net-like material such as metal or thermoplastic resin can be laid on the front and / or rear of the wave-dissipating structure 1, As shown in FIG. 5, a method of laying a water-permeable sheet 13 such as a thermoplastic resin net, a woven fabric, or a nonwoven fabric below the wave-dissipating structure 1 is effective.

  Furthermore, it is possible to prevent washing by arranging blocks 14 such as chestnut stone, cobblestone, and concrete. Kuriishi, cobblestone, and concrete blocks can be laid side by side as they are, but it is desirable to lay them as a cluster in which chestnut stones, cobblestones, and concrete blocks are connected by wires, chains, and the like. Further, it is possible to use a mat that is filled in a gabion or attached to a net, a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric of a thermoplastic resin.

  When using a chestnut stone or a concrete block, it is possible to provide a function of holding down the wave-dissipating structural member 7 and fixing it.

  Although the above has been described centering on river revetment, the wave-dissipating structure of the present invention can also be used on coastlines and lakes.

(Examples 1-3)
A wave-breaking structure obtained by forming a flat body of polypropylene into a belt-like body by twill weaving, forming a net-like body shown in Table 1, and stretching this on a frame body having a width of 180 cm and a height of 117 cm. Three materials were connected in the length direction, respectively, and a wave-dissipation test was conducted by standing on the riverbank by the method shown in FIG. The results were as shown in Table 1.

(Examples 4 and 5)
The net-like body shown in Table 2 was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and two wave-dissipating structural materials obtained by stretching the net-like body on a frame body having a width of 180 cm and a height of 117 cm formed of thinned wood were obtained. Combined with a cross-sectional triangle and connected in pairs in the length direction, the wave-dissipation test was conducted by standing on the riverbank by the method shown in FIG. The results were as shown in Table 2.

The perspective view which shows this invention wave-absorbing structure material (A), (B) is a perspective view which shows the example of the wave-absorbing structure of this invention The perspective view which shows the other example of this invention wave-absorbing structure The perspective view which shows the further another example of this invention wave-absorbing structure The perspective view which shows the further another example of this invention wave-absorbing structure Longitudinal sectional view showing examples of striatum (A) shows an example of a belt-like body, (B) is a longitudinal sectional view Longitudinal sectional view showing another example of belt-like body

Explanation of symbols

1: Wave-dissipating structural material 2: Striated body
3: Belt-like body 4: Water-permeable opening 5: Net-like body 6: Frame body 7: Wave-dissipating structure 8: Pile 10: Base layer 11: Surface layer 12: Rope 13: Water-permeable sheet 14: Kuriishi

Claims (4)

A belt-like body obtained by knitting a uniaxially stretched thermoplastic resin filament is crossed to form a net-like body having a water passage opening, and the net-like body is stretched on a rigid frame. A wave-dissipating structure characterized in that only the wave-dissipating structural material is installed along the shore . The wave-absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the filament is a flat yarn, monofilament, or multifilament made of polyolefin, polyester, or polyamide. The wave-absorbing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one or a plurality of the wave-dissipating structure materials are vertically erected . The wave-dissipating structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of the wave-dissipating structural members are erected in combination so as to have a triangular cross section.

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