JP4740641B2 - Trunk subcutaneous fat measuring method and apparatus, trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measuring method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a trunk fat measuring method and apparatus, and a trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measuring method and apparatus.

  The estimation technique of body adipose tissue using bioelectrical impedance has spread to the world as a technique for measuring body adipose tissue and body fat percentage, but in reality, it does not directly measure adipose tissue. In other words, it is an electrical measurement of lean tissue in which water other than fat tissue is dominant. In particular, the whole body (Whole Body) measurement is modeled as a single cylinder between one hand and one leg in the supine position in the conventional type (one hand-one leg guidance method). Measure between both palms to be measured, guide between both legs integrated with weight scale, upper and lower limbs, upper and lower limbs and trunk, or left and right upper limbs, left and right lower limbs, trunk The technique of measuring the impedance by making it possible to apply a cylindrical model separately has also become apparent. In addition, a patent application has been filed for a measurement technique that simplifies the impedance CT measurement technique, arranges current application / voltage measurement electrodes in the trunk umbilical girdle, measures the impedance of the abdomen, and estimates the visceral fat tissue mass. (See Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent No. 3396677 Japanese Patent No. 3396684

  However, body fat information is particularly useful for screening lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and the visceral adipose tissue attached and accumulated in the vicinity of internal organ tissues and The importance of measurement of subcutaneous adipose tissue is increasing day by day.

  In particular, visceral adipose tissue is an adipose tissue that is concentrated in the vicinity of the abdomen of the trunk, and has been determined by the cross-sectional area of the adipose tissue using abdominal cross-sectional images obtained by X-ray CТ, MRI, or the like. However, the apparatus is large-scale, and in the case of X-rays, there is a problem of exposure, and there is a cost, which is not suitable for measurement in the field and home. Therefore, visceral adipose tissue is generally estimated from the correlation with whole body adipose tissue or the correlation with whole body lean tissue, and sufficient reliability has not been ensured even for screening.

  Recently, a method for estimating visceral adipose tissue information by placing electrodes around the umbilical girth of the trunk and measuring the internal impedance of the trunk is also under development. However, this method is based on the fact that there is a significant correlation among the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and the visceral adipose tissue. It is assumed that For this reason, good results can be expected for healthy subjects with high independence where a very significant correlation can exist, but subjects with different correlations between tissues, such as visceral adipose tissue, are significantly enlarged. In addition, the measurement result in the subject having a remarkably low correlation with the subcutaneous fat tissue layer or the skeletal muscle tissue layer can include a large error. In other words, even if this method is under development, if it is a subject who can live a healthy independent life, it is possible to measure somehow regardless of where the electrodes are placed around the entire umbilicus. In particular, the problem is large when measurement is performed on a bedridden patient on a bed.

  In addition, this method under development can be said to be a high technology in that the impedance value related to the internal tissue is obtained by applying current from the abdominal surface to the tissue site to be measured. The fact is that the measured impedance information itself has little useful sensitivity to visceral adipose tissue due to problems in the internal structure of the trunk, which is the part. That is, the trunk that is the measurement site is short and thick, the multiple structure, that is, the visceral fat tissue that is the measurement target is covered with a skeletal muscle tissue layer that exhibits very good conductivity together with the internal organ tissue and the spine tissue, This skeletal muscle tissue layer has a structure in which it is covered with a subcutaneous fat tissue layer having very poor electrical conductivity. In particular, the visceral adipose tissue that is the subject of measurement is dominated by internal organ tissues that are less conductive than the skeletal muscle tissue layer and visceral adipose tissues that are attached and accumulated on this internal organ tissue and have poor conductivity. Due to the configuration, the internal conductivity is considerably inferior to that of the skeletal muscle tissue layer. For this reason, even if the current application electrode is simply arranged around the abdomen, the majority is energized through the skeletal muscle tissue layer, and the current density distribution is also a potential distribution dominant to the skeletal muscle tissue layer from the surface measurement electrode. Will be observed. Furthermore, the distribution of the applied current density is determined by the surface area of the electrode to which the current is applied or the electrode width in the abdominal circumference direction, and the observation of information in the spreading resistance region where the current density is high in the subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under the electrode becomes dominant End up.

  Furthermore, since the trunk, which is the measurement site, is thick and short, the sensitivity in the subcutaneous fat tissue layer in the current density concentration (spreading resistance) region directly under the current application electrode is high, and the skeletal muscle tissue is more in comparison with the fat tissue. Since the conductivity is considerably high, a route in which most of the current that has passed through the subcutaneous fat tissue layer returns through the subcutaneous fat tissue layer to the side of the current application electrode that opposes through the skeletal muscle tissue layer is taken. The internal potential distribution is greatly distorted in this skeletal muscle tissue layer. Therefore, in the conventional method, most of the measured potential is information of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and the visceral fat tissue to be measured, that is, the visceral fat tissue that adheres to and accumulates in the internal organ tissue and its surroundings. It is almost impossible to energize the battery, and only information with extremely low measurement sensitivity of 10% or less of the entire impedance measurement section can be captured.

  In order to avoid these problems, a method for preventing an increase in the estimation error by incorporating an abdominal circumference that is highly correlated with the area of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer into the estimation formula has been considered. It is nothing but indirect estimation based on the correlation between the constituent tissues, and it is difficult to say that it is a measurement method that secures the necessary energization sensitivity at the center of the abdomen. In other words, individual errors that deviate from the statistical correlation design cannot be guaranteed, especially when there are many subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissues pathologically or when there are many / small intermediate skeletal muscle tissue layers. . It should be noted that the area of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is highly correlated with the abdominal circumference, because the human trunk has a concentric tissue arrangement design, and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is the outermost arrangement, This is because the area is determined by the length and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat tissue.

  Usually, the four-electrode method is also used for the electrode arrangement on the trunk. In this method, a current is applied to the body of the subject, and a potential difference generated in the measurement site section of the subject by the applied current is measured to measure the measurement site section bioelectrical impedance. When the four-electrode method is applied to a thick and short measurement site such as the trunk, the current density concentration at which the current begins to spread (ie, the spreading resistance region) is, for example, directly under the current application electrode, so that it is near the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. A large potential difference is generated and accounts for most of the potential difference measured between the voltage measurement electrodes. In order to reduce the influence of the spreading resistance, it is important to have an arrangement that ensures a sufficient distance between the current application electrode and the voltage measurement electrode. In general measurement, since the measurement interval is long and the distance between the voltage measurement electrodes can be sufficiently secured, so-called S / N sensitivity (N is an influence due to spreading resistance (noise), and S is measured between the voltage electrodes). Signal) should be sufficiently secured. However, in the case of a thick and short measurement site such as the trunk, if the voltage measurement electrode is moved away from the current application electrode in order to reduce N, the voltage measurement electrode section distance becomes smaller. As a result, S becomes smaller and eventually the S / N becomes worse. Further, the spreading resistance portion having a high current density is a subcutaneous fat tissue layer portion, and is generally a subject with a tendency to obesity with a large thickness. Therefore, the N is considerably large, and the S / N is doubled. End up. As described above, when the four-electrode method is used for a short and short measurement site such as the trunk, a useful S / N sensitivity to visceral adipose tissue can be obtained simply by placing an electrode on the circumference of the umbilicus. It is speculated that it is quite impossible to secure. The S / N will be described in more detail in the description of the embodiments described later.

  The object of the present invention is to eliminate these problems in the prior art, ensuring the sensitivity necessary for measurement even in the regions of internal organ tissues and visceral adipose tissues with poor conductivity, and fat accumulated in the trunk. To provide a method and an apparatus capable of simultaneously measuring adipose tissue information that adheres and accumulates in the vicinity of tissues, particularly internal organ tissues, and adipose tissue information accumulated in a subcutaneous layer together with subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information only by switching. .

According to one aspect of the present invention, the first and second current application electrodes and the first and second voltage measurement electrodes are disposed on the trunk, and a current is passed between the first and second current application electrodes. And determining the trunk impedance by measuring the potential difference between the first and second voltage measurement electrodes, using the trunk subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information estimated from the trunk impedance, In the method for measuring the amount of trunk fat tissue, the first current application electrode and the first voltage measurement electrode are arranged on either the left or right tendon when viewed around the umbilicus in the direction around the trunk. A method for measuring trunk fat under the trunk is provided.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first and second current application electrodes are disposed on the left and right tendon portions when viewed from the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction, The second voltage measurement electrode is arranged at a distance in the trunk length direction on the tendon where the first and second current application electrodes are arranged, respectively, so that visceral fat tissue information can be obtained. May be.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first and second current application electrodes are arranged on the left and right tendon portions when viewed from the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction, The voltage measurement electrode is arranged on the tendon where the second current application electrode is arranged at a distance from the second current application electrode in the trunk length direction, and the second voltage measurement electrode is It is arranged close to the second current application electrode to obtain trunk trunk fat tissue layer information.
According to still another embodiment of the present invention, a current is applied from the first current application electrode to the tendon portion on either the left or right side when viewed from the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction. The second current application electrode is disposed on the umbilical position on the opposite side of the one side, on the flank, on the dorsum, and on the left or right side of the first voltage measurement electrode. In the tendon portion, the first current application electrode is disposed at a distance in the trunk length direction, and the second voltage measurement electrode is disposed in proximity to the second current application electrode. The trunk subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information is obtained.
According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the first and second current application electrodes are disposed on the left and right tendons when viewed from the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction, And the second voltage measurement electrode are arranged at a distance in the trunk length direction on the tendon where the first and second current application electrodes are arranged, respectively, to obtain visceral adipose tissue information, and further, a third voltage measurement An electrode is disposed close to the first or second current application electrode to measure a voltage between the first and third voltage measurement electrodes or a potential difference between the second and third voltage measurement electrodes. Thus, the impedance of the trunk is obtained, the trunk subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information is obtained, and the umbilicus on the opposite side to the left or right tendon where the first current application electrode is disposed is used as the third current application electrode. Placed near the position, on the flank, or on the back A current is passed between the first and third current application electrodes, and a fourth voltage measurement electrode is disposed in proximity to the third current application electrode, so that the second and fourth voltage measurements are performed. The impedance of the trunk is obtained by measuring the potential difference between the electrodes, and the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer information is obtained.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the first and second current application electrodes include first and second current application electrodes and first and second voltage measurement electrodes arranged on the trunk. Current is passed between them, the impedance of the trunk is obtained by measuring the potential difference between the first and second voltage measurement electrodes, and the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer information estimated from the impedance of the trunk is used. Then, in the device for measuring the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue mass, the first current application electrode and the first voltage measurement electrode may be applied to either the left or right tendon when the umbilicus is viewed in the trunk periphery direction. A trunk trunk fat measuring device is provided which is arranged.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first and second current application electrodes are disposed on the left and right tendon portions when viewed from the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction, And the second voltage measurement electrode are arranged at a distance in the trunk length direction from the tendon where the first and second current application electrodes are arranged, respectively, so that visceral adipose tissue information can be obtained. May be.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first and second current application electrodes are disposed on the left and right tendons when viewed from the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction, Are arranged at a distance from the second current application electrode in the trunk length direction on the tendon where the second current application electrode is arranged, and the second voltage measurement electrode is It may be arranged close to the second current application electrode to obtain trunk trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer information.
According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the first current application electrode is disposed on a tendon portion on either the left or right side when viewed from the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction, The second current application electrode is disposed in the vicinity of the umbilical position on the opposite side to the one side, the flank, or the dorsum, and the first voltage measurement electrode is the tendon on the left or right side. The first current application electrode is disposed at a distance in the trunk length direction, the second voltage measurement electrode is disposed in proximity to the second current application electrode, Information on the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer may be obtained.
According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the third current application electrode, the third and fourth voltage measurement electrodes, the current application electrode for passing current, and the voltage measurement electrode for measuring the potential difference are selected. And a switching device that selectively obtains the visceral fat tissue information and the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer information, and the first and second current application electrodes are viewed around the navel in the trunk periphery direction. The first and second voltage measuring electrodes are disposed at the left and right tendon portions, respectively, and the distance between the first and second current application electrodes is disposed in the trunk length direction. Arranged to obtain visceral adipose tissue information, and a third voltage measurement electrode is arranged in proximity to the first or second current application electrode, and between the first and third voltage measurement electrodes. Voltage or the second and third voltages The impedance of the trunk is obtained by measuring the potential difference between the measurement electrodes, the trunk subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information is obtained, and the third current application electrode is either the left or the right side where the first current application electrode is disposed. Near the umbilicus on the opposite side of the tendon, flank, dorsum, and a current to flow between the first and third current application electrodes, the fourth voltage measurement electrode, An impedance of the trunk is obtained by measuring a potential difference between the second and fourth voltage measuring electrodes, and is obtained in proximity to the third current application electrode, thereby obtaining trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer information. There may be.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the amount of trunk visceral adipose tissue is estimated based on the impedance of the trunk and the body specifying information obtained using the potential difference measured by the voltage measurement electrode . It may further comprise a trunk visceral adipose tissue amount estimation means.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a respiratory fluctuation influence removing means for removing the influence of fluctuation due to breathing based on the impedance of the trunk measured at a sampling cycle shorter than the respiratory cycle time. There may be.
In the present invention, the tendon portion may be a joint tendon portion between the rectus abdominis muscle and the external oblique muscle.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the energization amount and sensitivity to a visceral organ tissue and a visceral adipose tissue can be raised, a trunk visceral adipose tissue can be measured accurately, and a subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can also be measured. Further, the S / N characteristic can be improved by arranging the voltage measurement electrode at the position where the muscle abdominal control region is removed from the N component due to the disturbance of the potential due to the skeletal muscle tissue layer which becomes noise.

  Further, even in a paralyzed patient and a subject who is bedridden due to care or the like, the subject can easily measure by setting the measurement part as the front surface of the abdomen excluding the back part. Furthermore, since the subject can be aware of the measurement site by attaching electrodes to the abdomen, it is beneficial to improve measurement accuracy and to ensure motivation by conscious restraint.

  In addition, the accuracy of screening information according to the required level can be made clear in the course of combining the accumulation of accumulated adipose tissue adhering to the vicinity of internal organ tissue with the conventional simple measurement method and simplicity. it can.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue and the subcutaneous adipose tissue can be accurately measured with a small and simple device, so that it can be optimized for home use. Moreover, an abdominal condition check prior to measurement, that is, early check of inflammation or pathological abnormal fluid distribution in internal organ tissues or the like is possible, and appropriate health guide advice can be given accordingly. Therefore, it is possible for the user to obtain various information useful for self-management for maintaining and promoting sustainable health by appropriately performing daily diet and exercise and maintaining motivation for it. Can be very useful.

  Before describing the embodiments and examples of the present invention in detail, the principle of measuring the visceral / subcutaneous fat of the trunk according to the present invention will be described. The present invention basically uses the bioelectrical impedance information and the body specific information, and the visceral / subcutaneous fat tissue information (cross-sectional area amount, volume amount or weight) of the trunk (trunk abdomen), The present invention relates to a method and the like that makes it possible to easily and accurately measure adipose tissue accumulated in the trunk, particularly visceral adipose tissue that adheres and accumulates around the internal organ tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information accumulated in the subcutaneous layer.

For this reason, the present invention makes full use of the following technique.
(1) Assume that the tissue information included in the bioelectrical impedance information of the trunk is an equivalent circuit model in which the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the internal organ tissue, and the visceral fat tissue are in series and parallel. Here, the internal organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue are considered in series (therefore, a change in energization amount can be expected depending on the size of the visceral adipose tissue).

(2) The subcutaneous fat tissue layer is also assumed to be an equivalent circuit model in which the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the internal organ tissue, and the visceral fat tissue are serially parallel as a high-accuracy model included in the equivalent circuit model.

(3) Subcutaneous fat tissue mass estimation is made up of multiple regression equations with the abdominal circumference in the body specifying information as the main explanatory variable. Furthermore, the square of the abdominal circumference is set as the main explanatory variable. When the trunk impedance having dominant information on the subcutaneous fat tissue layer thickness is obtained by the technique of the present invention, the product of the trunk impedance and the abdominal circumference (first power) is used as a main explanatory variable.

(4) The determination of internal organ tissue information is made up of multiple regression equations with height information as the main explanatory variable in the body specific information, and is used to determine uncertain information for visceral fat tissue information estimation. .

(5) The standard measurement of the tissue used for the multiple regression analysis (calibration curve creation method) for quantifying each tissue is the tissue cross-sectional area (CSA) from the X-ray CT tomographic image at the umbilical position or the CSA by the MRI method. Tissue volume and weight using the DEXA method and MRI method (integration processing for each slice in the length direction) for the entire trunk can be calculated from the tissue density information from previous studies. ). In the DEXA method, the total adipose tissue information of the total of the abdominal visceral fat tissue and the subcutaneous fat tissue can be measured as a reference.

(6) In order to be able to capture visceral adipose tissue information with high accuracy using the method as described above, it is necessary to take a means to replace fluctuations in the measured impedance information of the trunk due to breathing or the like with a certain condition value. The impedance measurement sampling period is within 1/2 of the general respiratory cycle, the respiratory change is monitored in time series, the maximum value and the minimum value for each respiratory cycle are determined for each respiratory cycle, Be able to supplement the median rest breathing.

(7) Further, it is also possible to check in advance of adverse effects caused by eating and drinking before the measurement and retention of bladder and urine from the measured impedance information. Generally, the information on the skeletal muscle tissue layer is dominantly reflected in the impedance value of the trunk in a general healthy subject group. In addition, the information on the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk is very small as a measured value, and no great difference is recognized between individuals. The reason is that the design is highly correlated with anti-gravity muscles that support and develop their own weight under the earth's gravity, so subjects who are specially bedridden and not affected by gravity, or athletes who are subject to several times the stress of their own weight This is because it is almost determined by body size except for special groups. Here, the influence on the impedance of the trunk other than the skeletal muscle tissue layer and the respiratory fluctuation is an adverse effect due to food and drink and urinary bladder urine storage. Therefore, when the impedance values of the trunk are collected as collective data and viewed as the mean value [mean] and deviation [SD], it can be seen that the effects of food and drink and bladder urine retention are in the range exceeding 2SD. It was. However, considering even a semi-general group such as athletes to a certain extent, 3SD can be used as a criterion to screen for this effect.

  Next, the measurement principle of the present invention based on the above-described method will be described in further detail.

1. Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of trunk tissue (1) The trunk mainly consists of subcutaneous fat tissue layer, skeletal muscle tissue layer (abdominal muscle group, back muscle group), internal organ tissue and visceral fat attached to the gap It can be thought of as an organization. The reason why the bone tissue is not listed as a constituent tissue is that the bone tissue has a very high quantitative correlation with the skeletal muscle tissue and can be considered as an integral tissue. The volume resistivity is also considered to have characteristics that are considerably good in conductivity by including bone marrow tissue and the like close to skeletal muscle tissue and internal organ tissue in vivo. Therefore, when these four tissues are represented by an electrical equivalent circuit model, the internal organ tissue and the visceral fat tissue are configured in series, and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and the skeletal muscle tissue layer are respectively parallel to the serial composite tissue. Configured. The equivalent circuit model will be described in detail in the description of the embodiment described later. According to this model, current flows predominantly through the skeletal muscle tissue layer when energized in the longitudinal direction of the trunk. Since visceral adipose tissue adheres to the gaps around the internal organ tissue, when there is no visceral adipose tissue, or when there is little visceral adipose tissue, the internal organ tissue exhibits conductivity close to that of the skeletal muscle tissue layer. Also, a current is applied. In addition, as the visceral adipose tissue increases, the amount of current applied to the synthetic tissue as a complex of the internal organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue decreases. The model impedance when the measured impedance of the trunk and the four tissues constituting it are expressed by an equivalent circuit model can be expressed as follows.
Ztm = ZFS // ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 1
here,
Impedance of the whole trunk: Ztm
Impedance of subcutaneous adipose tissue layer: ZFS: Volume resistivity is large.
Impedance of skeletal muscle tissue layer: ZMM: Volume resistivity is small.
Impedance of internal organ tissue: ZVM ... It is considered as volume resistivity close to the skeletal muscle tissue layer.
Impedance of visceral adipose tissue: ZFV: Volume resistivity is considered to be equal to or slightly smaller than the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer. Since the synthetic decomposition of adipose tissue is faster than that of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer, it is considered that the blood vessels and blood volume in the tissue are large.

The electrical characteristics between tissues are determined by volume resistivity ρ [Ωm] rather than impedance. From the above relationship, the electrical characteristic values of each tissue are generally explained by the following relationship.
ρMM << ρ (VM + FV) << ρFS
ρVM << ρFV
ρMM = ρMV or ρMM <ρMV
ρFV = ρFS or ρFV <FS
here,
Volume resistivity of subcutaneous adipose tissue layer: ρFS
Volume resistivity of composite tissue layer of internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue inside skeletal muscle tissue layer: ρ (VM + FV)
Volume resistivity of skeletal muscle tissue layer: ρMM
Therefore, due to the relationship with Equation 1, the electrical property comparison relationship between the tissues is
ZFS >> (ZVM + ZFV) >> ZMM ... Equation 2
It becomes.

2. Estimation of trunk skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area (AMM) and trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance (ZMM) (2) Visceral adipose tissue volume can be expressed in terms of cross-sectional area and volume. In the case of the cross-sectional area amount, the cross-sectional area amount by CT method (X-ray-CT, MRI) is considered as a general measurement standard in the measurement at the umbilical circumference. On the other hand, in the case of the volume amount, it can be obtained by integrating the cross-sectional area amount by the slice by the CT method with a plurality of slice information in the length direction. The amount of skeletal muscle tissue (skeletal muscle mass) is considered to have a high correlation with both the cross sectional area and volume. Here, the cross-sectional area is considered. The amount of cross-sectional area (AMM) of the skeletal muscle tissue layer can be roughly estimated by body specific information. This is because the developmental design of the body's skeletal muscle is almost determined by the development and adaptation to support its own weight under the earth's gravity. Therefore, except for non-gravity adaptors such as athletes, paralysis nurses, and caregivers, it is possible to estimate with body specifying information. This estimation is performed by substituting height H, weight W, and age Age into the following equations.
AMM = a * H + b * W + c * Age + d Equation 3
Here, a, b, c, and d are constants.
(3) Trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance (ZMM) can also be estimated from body specific information. For convenience, the cross sectional area (AMM) obtained above is used here. This estimation can be performed using the following equation.
ZMM = a0 * H / AMM + b0 Formula 4
Here, a0 and b0 are constants.

3. From the relational expressions of the estimation formulas 1 and 2 for the visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV) and the visceral fat tissue volume (AFV), there can be considered a technique that enables the visceral fat tissue information to be estimated by the following two approaches.
(4) Approach 1
Since the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer has a higher volume resistivity than other constituent tissues, it is omitted from the viewpoint of the equivalent circuit of the trunk. That is, it can be considered that the information of lean tissue including visceral fat tissue excluding the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk is measured in the impedance value measured in the trunk. Therefore, this relational expression can be expressed as follows.
Ztm ≒ ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) ... Formula 5
When formula 5 is transformed,
1 / Ztm ≒ 1 / ZMM + 1 / (ZVM + ZFV) ... Formula 6
By revealing the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue in this equation by means described below, the impedance ZFV of the visceral fat tissue can be calculated. The visceral fat tissue amount can be estimated from the impedance information of the visceral fat tissue. When ZFV is derived from Expression 6, the following Expression 7 is obtained, and impedance information having information on visceral adipose tissue can be obtained.
ZFV = 1 / [1 / Ztm-1 / ZMM]-ZVM ... Equation 7

(5) Approach 2
In the approach 1, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is omitted, but it can be an error factor for a subject having a large amount of subcutaneous fat tissue.
In this formula, the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue are the same as those described above, and the impedance information for the impedance ZFS of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is the same as that of other tissues. There is a useful relationship with the amount of tissue. Here, it is generally reported that the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue has a very high correlation with the perimeter of the tissue surface, that is, the abdominal circumference (particularly for subjects with a lot of subcutaneous adipose tissue, Alternatively, the subcutaneous adipose tissue can be estimated from the abdominal circumference information. Therefore, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer can be estimated from information on the abdominal circumference. Hereinafter, the impedance ZFV of the visceral adipose tissue can be calculated by a method similar to the above approach. The visceral fat tissue amount can be estimated from the impedance information of the visceral fat tissue.
When Equation 1 is transformed,
1 / Ztm = 1 / ZFS + 1 / ZMM + 1 / (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 8
ZFV = 1 / [1 / Ztm−1 / ZMM−1 / ZFS] −ZVM ・ ・ ・ Equation 9

(6) Visceral adipose tissue volume (AFV) is treated here as the visceral adipose tissue cross-sectional area. The visceral adipose tissue volume (AFV) can be calculated from the impedance information and the height information in Equation 10,
AFV = aa * H / ZFV + bb ... Formula 10
Here, aa and bb are constants.

4). Estimating internal organ tissue volume [AVM] and internal organ tissue impedance [ZVM] (7) Estimating internal organ tissue volume [VM] of the trunk from body (individual) specific information such as height, weight, sex, and age I can do it. Among the explanatory variables, the influence of the height term is large.
Internal organ tissue volume [AVM] = a1 * Height [H] + b1 * Weight [W] + c1 * Age [Age] + d1 Formula 11
Here, a1, b1, c1, and d1 are constants that give different values for men and women.
The reference amount of visceral adipose tissue volume VM used in this calibration curve (regression equation) is obtained by integrating the CSA (tissue cross-sectional area) for each slice obtained by MRI method or X-ray CТ method in the length direction. The calculated tissue volume or CSA from one slice such as the umbilical position. The tissue volume can be converted into a tissue amount by converting the tissue density information known in prior research papers into weight.

(8) Next, the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue is estimated.
The internal organ tissue impedance [ZVM] can be estimated from body (individual) specifying information such as height, weight, sex, and age. Among the explanatory variables, the influence of the height term is large. For convenience, the internal organ tissue volume [AVM] obtained above is used here. This estimation can be performed using the following equation.
ZVM = a2 * H / AVM + b2 Equation 12
Here, a2 and b2 are constants.

5. Estimation of Subcutaneous Fat Tissue Mass [AFS] (9) A method for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue mass [AFS] of the trunk will be described later. The standard amount of subcutaneous fat tissue volume FS used in this calibration curve (regression equation) is measured by integrating the CSA (tissue cross-sectional area) for each slice obtained by the MRI method or X-ray CТ method in the length direction. The calculated tissue volume or CSA from one slice such as the umbilical position. The tissue volume can be converted into a tissue amount by converting the tissue density information known in prior research papers into weight.

6). Estimating the trunk visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio [V / S] (10) The visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio [V / S] is calculated based on the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue [AFS] from equation 14 and the viscera from equation 10 below. It can be obtained from the amount of adipose tissue [AFV].
V / S = AFV / AFS Equation 13

7). Strategies for determining visceral tissue abnormalities based on the trunk (middle) impedance (11) The trunk impedance Ztm required for visceral adipose tissue mass estimation is also a part that varies greatly due to breathing and eating and drinking. It is necessary to measure highly reliable information. Therefore, highly reliable impedance information of the trunk can be secured by applying the following processing. Further, it is possible to determine a tissue abnormality of the trunk from the viewpoint as information relating to the disturbance of the body fluid distribution in the partial trunk.

(12) Removal of influence of fluctuation due to respiration (a) The impedance of the trunk is measured at a sampling cycle shorter than 1/2 of a general respiration cycle time.
(B) A smoothing process such as moving average is performed on the measurement data for each sampling.
(C) From the time series data after processing, the periodicity of respiration and the maximum and minimum values for each cycle are detected.
(D) A maximum value and a minimum value for each period are averaged separately.
(E) The average value of the maximum value and the minimum value is averaged, and the median value of respiration is calculated.
(F) When the median respiration for each respiratory cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times, it is determined that the median respiration is confirmed, and the determined impedance value is registered as the impedance value of the trunk. And complete the measurement.

(13) Abnormal value determination processing due to eating and drinking and water retention (such as urine) in the bladder (a) As for the impedance of the trunk, 26.7 ± 4.8Ω (mean ± SD) is a general value of the group.
(B) On the other hand, the value at the time of constipation and urinary bladder retention and fullness of food and drink in the stomach exceeds the range of mean ± 3SD.
(C) Therefore, when a measured value exceeding 3SD is obtained, the subject is informed of the possibility of effects such as eating and drinking and bladder and urine, and is encouraged to hope for the measurement in the best environment. However, in a subject whose development of the skeletal muscle tissue layer and internal organ tissue is different from the standard size without actually having these effects, the measurement should be continued.
(D) Further, as a method of increasing the determination sensitivity, the specified values are subdivided according to sex, weight, and height. Alternatively, the specified value is defined as a value per unit by dividing by weight or by height.

  Next, based on the measurement principle of the present invention as described above, embodiments of the trunk subcutaneous fat measurement method and apparatus and trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measurement method and apparatus according to the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an external appearance of an embodiment of a trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measuring apparatus (trunk subcutaneous fat measuring apparatus) according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is its usage, and FIG. The block diagram of the main-body part contained in the trunk | drum visceral / subcutaneous fat measuring apparatus (trunk subcutaneous fat measuring apparatus) by invention is shown, respectively.

  The trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measuring device (trunk subcutaneous fat measuring device) 1 of the present invention includes a main body portion 11 and two grip electrode portions 130 and 140 connected to the main body portion 11 via electric wires 120L and 120R. Become. The grip electrode portions 130 and 140 may be of a handy type as shown in FIG. The grip electrode portions 130 and 140 are held in each hand, and they are used by being pressed against the measurement site of the subject, for example, the abdomen.

  An operation display panel 5 having an operation / input unit 51 and a display unit 52 and an alarm buzzer 22 are provided on the front surface of the main body 11, and, for example, as shown in FIG. , A power supply unit 18, a storage unit (memory) 4, a printing unit 31, and an impedance measurement unit.

  The operation / input unit 51 can be used for inputting body specifying information including height and weight, and the operation display panel 5 displays various results, advice information, and the like through the display unit 52. The operation display panel 51 may be formed as a touch panel type liquid crystal display in which the operation / input unit 51 and the display unit 52 are integrated.

  The calculation / control unit 30 determines the body skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area amount, the body based on the body identification information (weight, etc.) input from the operation / input unit 51, the measured impedance, Formulas 1 to 13, etc. Stem skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance, visceral fat tissue impedance, visceral fat tissue mass, internal organ tissue mass, internal organ tissue impedance, subcutaneous fat tissue mass, subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (the measured impedance can be used), trunk visceral organ The fat / subcutaneous fat ratio, etc. is calculated, the influence removal processing due to respiration, processing for determining visceral tissue abnormality, etc., and other various input / output, measurement, calculation, and the like are performed.

  The power supply unit 18 supplies power to each part of the electrical system of the present apparatus.

  The storage unit 4 stores body specifying information such as height, trunk manager, trunk manager, etc., and the above formulas 1 to 15 and the like, as well as appropriate messages for health guide advice as described later, etc. Remember.

  The printing unit 31 prints various results, advice information, and the like displayed on the display unit 52.

The impedance measurement unit includes a plurality of current application electrodes 13 (13R ₁ , 13L ₁ ... 13R _n , 13L _n ) for applying a current to the measurement site of the subject, and a plurality of voltages for measuring a potential difference at the measurement site of the subject. Measurement electrode 14 (14R ₁ , 14L ₁ ,... 14R _n , 14L _n ), current source 12 for supplying current to current application electrode 13, voltage measurement electrode for selecting a predetermined voltage measurement electrode 14 according to the usage mode A selection unit 20, a current application electrode selection unit 21 for selecting a predetermined current application electrode 13 according to the usage mode, a differential amplifier 23 for amplifying the measured potential difference, a bandpass filter 24 for filtering, and a detection unit 25, an amplifier 26, an A / D converter 27, and the like. The number of current application electrodes 13R ₁ , 13L _1, 13R _n , 13L _n and voltage measurement electrodes 14R ₁ , 14L ₁ ,... 14R _n , 14L _n is determined according to the mode of use and is particularly limited. Is not to be done.

On the contact surfaces of the grip electrode portions 130 and 140, for example, the current application electrodes 13R ₁ and 13L ₁ and the voltage measurement electrodes 14R ₁ and 14L ₁ are arranged in the lower stage, and the voltage measurement electrodes 14R ₂ and 14L ₂ are arranged in the upper stage. , Respectively.

The current application electrode 13 (13R ₁ , 13L ₁ ... 13R _n , 13L _n ) and the voltage measurement electrode 14 (14R ₁ , 14L ₁ , 14R ₂ , 14L ₂ ... 14R _n , 14L _n ) are made of SUS material and resin material surface. It may be realized by a metal plating process or the like. This type of electrode is used by coating a water-retaining polymer film on the surface of a metal electrode to wipe off moisture before measurement or wet it with water. By soaking in water, the stability of the electrical contact with the skin can be ensured. Further, although not particularly shown, it is possible to use an adhesive-attached electrode. This is a type in which a replaceable adhesive pad is attached to the base electrode surface of each electrode to ensure contact stability with the skin. This type is often used, for example, in low-frequency treatment devices and electrocardiogram electrodes, etc., when it is removed and discarded after measurement, and when the pad surface becomes dirty and adhesion decreases or moisture evaporates There is a form in which it is stored in a cover sheet or the like until it is discarded and replaced.

  In order to explain the principle of the present invention, an electrical equivalent circuit model is introduced here. FIG. 4 schematically shows the structure of the trunk (abdomen) that is the basis of this equivalent circuit. From the viewpoint of electrical characteristics, the trunk is composed of subcutaneous fat tissue layer (FS), skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM), internal organ tissue (VM), and visceral adipose tissue (FV) adhering to the gap. Can be divided into

  FIG. 5 is a diagram in which the schematic diagram of the trunk shown in FIG. 4 is modeled by the abdominal circumference cross section at the umbilical height. As shown in this figure, the trunk cross section includes the outermost subcutaneous adipose tissue layer (FS), the skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM) just inside, and the inner organ tissue (VM) inside. It includes visceral adipose tissue (FV) surrounding it.

  FIG. 6 shows the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 5 as an electrical equivalent circuit. For example, when the current (I) is applied to the current application electrodes 13L and 13R and the potential difference (V) is measured with the voltage measurement electrodes 14L and 14R, the electrical resistance in this equivalent circuit is mainly around the umbilicus. Impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer (ZFS1, ZFS2), Impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer around the abdomen (ZFS0), Impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layers on the left and right sides of the navel (ZMM1, ZMM2), Visible as visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV1, ZFV2), and further as internal organ tissue impedance near the trunk center (ZVM).

  FIG. 7 shows a circuit obtained by further simplifying FIG. Since ZFS1 and ZFS2 are considered to have substantially the same size, they are represented as ZFS having the same value, and ZMM1 and ZMM2 or ZFV1 and ZFV2 are represented as ZMM and ZFV, respectively. In addition, ZFS0, which is considered to be significantly lower in conductivity than other regions, is omitted. The point where this can be omitted will be apparent from the description in the previous section “1. Modeling an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk tissue” (1).

  Next, the relationship between the interelectrode distance and the spreading resistance in the four-electrode method will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the distance between the electrodes and the spreading resistance. In the drawing, a portion 30 surrounded by a round dotted line indicates a spreading resistance region. The current from the current application electrode gradually spreads in the subject's body after application, but does not spread so much in the region immediately after application, i.e., in the spreading resistance region. Very high compared to other areas. Therefore, when the current application electrode 13 and the voltage measurement electrode 14 are arranged too close to each other, the voltage measured at the voltage measurement electrode 14 spreads and is greatly affected by the current in the resistance region.

For example, as is apparent from the above-described formula 2, the impedance (ZFS) of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer near the umbilicus, the impedance (ZFS0) of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer around the abdomen, the impedance (ZMM) of the skeletal muscle tissue layer, viscera Between the impedance of the fat tissue (ZFV) and the impedance of the internal organ tissue near the center of the trunk (ZVM),
ZFS >> (ZVM + ZFV) >> ZMM
There is a relationship.
Therefore, the potential difference measurement impedance ΣZ1 when arranged close to each other with almost no distance between the IV electrodes is as follows:
ΣZ1 = 2 * ZFS + ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) ≈2 * ZFS
It becomes. As is clear from this, ZFS is amplified several times under the influence of spreading resistance, and information by ZFS is dominant here.

In order to reduce the influence of the spreading resistance, it is necessary to increase the distance between the current application electrode and the voltage measurement electrode. For example, the potential difference measurement impedance ΣZ2 when the distance between the IV electrodes is secured to about 10 cm is
ΣZ2≈2 * ZFS + ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV)
It is. As is apparent, the influence of the spreading resistance is somewhat reduced by increasing the distance between the I and V electrodes. However, the ZFS information is still dominant only by being separated by this degree.

In order to examine the influence of the spreading resistance in detail, as shown in FIG. 9, the distance between the IV electrodes and the VV electrodes in the electrodes 13L, 14Lb, 14Rb, and 13R is about 1/3 each. Consider a case where about 10 cm is secured and arranged. However, the electrodes 14La and 14Ra are arranged close to each other with almost no distance between the IV electrodes. The potential difference measurement impedance ΣZ3 in this case is
ΣZ3≈2 * ZFS + ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV).
At this time, the relationship of the voltage drop measured between the electrodes is approximately as follows.
V1 = I * ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV)
V2 = V3 = I * 2 * ZFS
V1: (V2 + V3) ≈1-2: 10-20 = S: N
The variation of 1-2 of S and 10-20 of N in the above formula is due to individual differences in the thickness of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and the development of the skeletal muscle tissue layer. As can be seen from this result, it is difficult to say that a sufficient S / N can be secured even if the distance between the electrodes is adjusted.

In addition, since most currents are predominantly energized in the skeletal muscle tissue layer, it is not possible to ensure sufficient energization sensitivity to the mixed tissue layer of internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue. That is, if the current flowing in the skeletal muscle tissue layer is I1, and the current flowing in the internal organ tissue and visceral fat tissue to be measured is I2,
V1 = I * ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) = I1 * ZMM = I2 * (ZVM + ZFV)
I = I1 + I2
And therefore
ZMM: (ZVM + ZFV) = I2: I1≈1: 2-5
It becomes. As is clear from this, even if the influence of spreading resistance can be eliminated, the current flowing through the skeletal muscle tissue layer reaches 2-5 times the current flowing through the internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue. The S / N characteristic is further deteriorated. In this way, in a thick and short measurement site such as the trunk, even if the inter-electrode distance is adjusted, the upper limit is determined by the distance between the current electrodes, so there is a limit to the improvement of the S / N characteristics. .

  FIG. 10 shows an example of an electrode arrangement method according to the present invention for obtaining subcutaneous fat tissue layer information by the same method as in FIG. As will be described later, in the present invention, not only subcutaneous fat tissue layer information but also visceral fat tissue information is simultaneously measured as information separated from each other on the basis of this electrode arrangement method. The apparatus of the present invention has both a voltage measurement electrode for measuring visceral adipose tissue and a voltage measurement electrode for measuring a subcutaneous adipose tissue layer, and these electrode arrangements are selectively switched by a switching means. Thus, both visceral fat tissue information and subcutaneous fat tissue layer information are measured. The purpose of both simultaneous measurements is to measure the error factors during measurement due to breathing etc. at a sampling timing faster than the fluctuation of breathing, etc., so that both error factors can be relatively eliminated by measuring them simultaneously in the same environment. There is to do. Therefore, in addition to breathing, the influence of heartbeat and other body movements can be considered. In addition to speeding up, the same purpose can be achieved by smoothing processing in the same measurement environment.

  11 to 14 show specific electrode arrangement examples for obtaining subcutaneous fat tissue layer information (not visceral fat tissue information). Here, FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an impedance measurement arrangement example of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer immediately below the current application electrodes 13L and 13R arranged in the left and right aponeurosis parts 15, and V2 is the right front side subcutaneous fat tissue measurement potential. , V3 represents the left front side subcutaneous adipose tissue measurement potential. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an impedance measurement arrangement example of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer immediately below the current application electrode 13R disposed in the vicinity of the umbilicus A, and V2 represents the subcutaneous fat tissue measurement potential in the vicinity of the umbilicus. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an impedance measurement arrangement example of a subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under the current application electrode 13R arranged in the lower part of the navel A, and V2 represents a subcutaneous fat tissue measurement potential in the lower navel. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an impedance measurement arrangement example of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly below the current application electrode 13R arranged in the flank 41, and V2 represents the subcutaneous fat tissue measurement potential of the flank 41.

  In order to obtain subcutaneous fat tissue layer information (specifically, a potential difference value or an impedance value), here, spread resistance is used. Spread resistance has generally been regarded as unfavorable, but it can be said that the spread resistance directly under the current application electrode represents information about the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, so it is useful to measure the potential difference in this region. Information on the subcutaneous fat can be obtained. In the present invention, paying attention to this point, subcutaneous fat tissue layer information is obtained.

  In order to measure the spreading resistance, at least one current application electrode pair and at least one voltage measurement electrode pair capable of measuring a potential difference generated in the subject by the current applied from the current application electrode pair are provided. Here, one of the current application electrodes included in the current application electrode pair, for example, the current application electrode, applies a current to a site where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is thin, or a region where the muscle abdominal portion of the skeletal muscle tissue layer is absent or thin. The other current application electrode, for example, the current application electrode 13L, is used to apply a current to a site where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is thick (or a site where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is to be measured).

  On the other hand, one voltage measurement electrode 34 included in the voltage measurement electrode pair is disposed at a position where the influence of the spreading resistance immediately below the current application electrode is dominant, that is, close to the current application electrode. On the other hand, the other voltage measurement electrode 36 is located at a position separated until the influence of the spreading resistance directly under the current application electrode is reduced (the distance at which one voltage measurement electrode 34 is disposed close to the current application electrode). 3) or more), that is, at a site that is not affected or hardly affected by the subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under the current application electrode. As the position where the former (one) voltage measurement electrode 34 is arranged, for example, near the umbilical position where the subcutaneous fat easily attaches to the trunk, the flank (upper edge of the iliac crest), the dorsum, etc., subcutaneous adipose tissue There is a region where the layer accumulates very thickly reflecting individual differences, and the position of the latter (the other) voltage measurement electrode 36 is, for example, between the umbilicus and the upper edge of the iliac crest (outside The subcutaneous adipose tissue layer, such as the abdominal oblique muscle and rectus abdominis muscle (near the ligament portion), is a site where the adipose tissue is difficult to attach. The arrangement of the voltage measurement electrodes provided close to the current application electrode can capture the same information at any position all around the current application electrode. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, each voltage measurement electrode pair is disposed at a position close to the left and right current application electrode positions opposite to each other with the umbilicus and the spine as the central axes, and subcutaneously on the left and right side portions. The adipose tissue layer can also be measured.

A potential difference measurement value in the potential differences V2, V3, etc. generated between the voltage measurement electrodes 34, 36 by the current applied from the current application electrode is proportional to the impedance (ZFS) value of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and is subcutaneously applied. It is considered impedance information proportional to the thickness (L _FS ) information of the adipose tissue layer. If the impedance of the spreading resistor portion is ΔZ and the constant corresponding to the area of the current application electrode is A0,
△ Z Ｚ ZFS ∝ L _FS / A0 Ｌ L _FS
It is. Therefore, the cross-sectional area amount AFS of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer is
AFS = Lw * L _FS = aa0 * ZFS * Lw + bb0 Expression 14
Can be obtained. In the above equation, Lw is the abdominal circumference, that is, the length around the abdomen 16, and aa0 and bb0 are constants that have different values for men and women.

  In order to obtain visceral adipose tissue information (voltage value, impedance value, etc.) together with subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information, at least another set of voltage measurements provided in an arrangement different from the voltage electrode arrangement for measuring subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information An electrode pair is necessary (as a result of the above, in order to implement the method and apparatus according to the present invention capable of simultaneously measuring both subcutaneous fat tissue information and visceral fat tissue information, at least two voltage measuring electrode pairs are required. is necessary).

  FIGS. 15 to 18 show specific electrode arrangement examples for simultaneously measuring both subcutaneous fat tissue layer information and visceral adipose tissue information. Here, FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an impedance measurement arrangement example of the visceral fat tissue and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer immediately below the current applying electrodes 13R and 13L arranged in the left and right aponeurosis parts 15R and 15L, and V1 is the visceral fat The tissue measurement potential, V2 represents the right front side subcutaneous fat tissue measurement potential, and V3 represents the left front side subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential. Since the left and right tissue layer balance of the living body is considered to be substantially symmetric, V2≈V3, and the voltage measurement electrodes arranged in four directions adjacent to the current application electrode are the same regardless of which electrode is used. A measurement result is obtained. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an impedance measurement arrangement example of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under the current application electrode arranged in the visceral fat tissue, the vicinity of the umbilicus A and the left aponeurosis 15L, and V1 represents the visceral fat tissue measurement potential. , V2 represents the umbilical portion of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential, and V3 represents the left front side subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of an impedance measurement arrangement of the visceral fat tissue and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer immediately below the current applying electrodes 13L and 13R arranged in the right aponeurosis 15L and the left aponeurosis 15R, and V1 represents the visceral fat The tissue measurement potential, V2 represents the right abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential, and V3 represents the left front lateral subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of impedance measurement arrangement of a visceral adipose tissue and a subcutaneous adipose tissue layer directly below a current application electrode arranged at a plurality of sites. V1 represents a visceral adipose tissue measurement potential in combination with I1, and V2 represents , I1 is the right anterior subcutaneous adipose tissue layer measurement potential, V3 is the combination of I2 near the umbilical subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential, and V4 is the left abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue layer combination potential of I3 Each measured potential is shown.

  The visceral adipose tissue is measured not as a direct measurement of the visceral adipose tissue itself but as a composite tissue of the internal organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue assuming the models of FIGS. In the measurement of visceral adipose tissue, in order to ensure optimal S / N conditions, the amount of current applied from the current application electrode in the internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue inside the skeletal muscle tissue layer is increased, Ensure measurement sensitivity. Furthermore, by applying current from the site where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is thin or where the abdominal part of the skeletal muscle tissue layer is absent or thin, the influence of spreading resistance is minimized, and the internal resistance is minimized. Improves energization sensitivity to organ tissue and visceral fat tissue. In the case where the abdominal circumference cross-sectional area is used as a measurement standard, the portion to which current is applied from the current application electrodes 13L and 13R is the portion where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is deposited most thinly or the muscle of the skeletal muscle tissue layer having good conductivity. A skeletal muscle connective tissue region having no or abdomen, for example, a tendon (tendon, tendon, etc.) 15, more specifically, a section between the umbilicus and the upper edge of the iliac crest, abdominal rectus muscle, It becomes a connecting tendon between the external oblique muscles.

  In order to obtain not only subcutaneous fat tissue layer information but also visceral fat tissue information, in the embodiment of FIGS. 15 to 18, an additional voltage measurement electrode pair, that is, FIGS. 15 to 17 (FIGS. 19 and 17). V1) and V1 and V3 in FIG. 18 are provided. The position where these additional voltage measurement electrode pairs are provided is a site where the electrical conductivity is good and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is thin or the skeletal muscle tissue layer is not or thin. As is apparent from the drawing, the voltage measurement electrode included in the additional voltage measurement electrode pair for obtaining the visceral fat tissue information and the voltage measurement electrode included in the voltage measurement electrode pair for obtaining the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information. 36 and 36 'can be used together. For example, in FIG. 15, voltage measurement electrodes 36 and 36 ′ included in the voltage measurement electrode pair V1 for obtaining visceral fat tissue information are respectively included in the voltage measurement electrode pair V2 for obtaining subcutaneous fat tissue layer information. It can also be used as a voltage measurement electrode or a voltage measurement electrode included in the voltage measurement electrode pair V3 for obtaining subcutaneous fat tissue layer information.

  As described above, in the configurations of FIGS. 15 to 18, at least two voltage measurement electrode pairs, that is, a voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and a voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring the visceral fat tissue are provided. The potential difference to be measured (any one of V1 to V3), in other words, the part to be measured can be easily selected by the voltage measurement electrode selection unit 20 of FIG. Therefore, according to the present invention, the electrode arrangement configuration having both the arrangement for measuring the visceral adipose tissue and the arrangement for measuring the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can be easily separated and measured by switching by the switching means. can do.

  As is clear from the above description, the present invention secures the best distance condition by adopting an electrode arrangement separated from the circumference of the umbilicus, and reduces the impedance (ZFS) of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. As a measurement of the four-electrode method, separation and removal are performed. Furthermore, in the present invention, not all four electrodes are aligned on the abdominal circumference, and at least one electrode is arranged at a position shifted from the abdominal circumference, thereby ensuring a more optimal S / N condition. It is configured to As such an arrangement method, as shown in FIGS. 15 to 18, for example, the current application electrode pair is arranged on the circumference of the navel (abdomen) and only the voltage measurement electrode is used as a pair or an electrode forming a pair. One of them can be arranged at a position off the circumference. One of the current application electrode pairs may be arranged on the circumference and the other may be arranged at a position off the circumference. Note that the current application electrode pair or the voltage measurement electrode pair may be disposed between the left and right parts when viewed from the umbilicus of the subject, that is, at a thin part of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. However, the voltage measurement electrode is, for example, in the longitudinal direction of the trunk in the abdominal region deviated from the circumference of the navel (abdomen).

  Next, referring to the basic flowchart shown in FIG. 19 and the subroutine flowcharts shown in FIG. 20 to FIG. 24, the trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measurement apparatus (subcutaneous trunk subcutaneous body) in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. The operation and operation of the fat measuring device will be described.

  In the basic flowchart shown in FIG. 19, first, when a power switch (not shown) in the operation / input unit 51 is turned on, power is supplied from the power supply unit 18 to each part of the electrical system, and the height or the like is displayed by the display unit 52. A screen for inputting body specifying information (height, weight, sex, age, etc.) including is displayed (step S1).

  Subsequently, according to this screen, the user inputs height, weight, sex, age, and the like from the operation / input unit 51 (step S2). In this case, the weight may be input from the operation / input unit 51, but the data measured by the weight measuring device (not shown) connected to the main body unit 11 is automatically input to perform calculation. The body part specifying information (weight) may be calculated by the control unit 30. These input values are stored in the storage unit 4.

  Next, in step S3, it is determined whether or not morphometric measurement actual values such as trunk length and abdominal girth length are to be input. The actual values such as trunk length and abdominal circumference are input from the operation / input unit 51, and the process proceeds to step S6. If it is determined in step S3 that the morphometric measurement actual value is not input, the process proceeds to step S5. These input values are also stored in the storage unit 4. Similarly, numerical information obtained in the following processing is stored in the storage unit 4.

  In step S <b> 5, the calculation / control unit 30 estimates the trunk length, abdominal circumference, and the like from the body specifying information such as height, weight, sex, and age stored in the storage unit 4 (for example, , Use calibration curve created from human body information database).

  Subsequently, in step S6, the trunk impedance measurement process is performed by the impedance measurement unit. The trunk impedance measurement process will be described later with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  Next, in step S7, the calculation / control unit 30 performs a trunk skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area amount (AMM) estimation process. This calculation process is performed based on the above-described Expression 3 using, for example, the height H, the weight W, and the age Age stored in the storage unit 4.

  Next, in step S8, the calculation / control unit 30 performs trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance (ZMM) estimation processing. This ZMM is performed based on the above-described equation 4 using the height H stored in the storage unit 4 and the AMM obtained in step S7.

  Next, in step 9, the calculation / control unit 30 performs an estimation process of the subcutaneous fat tissue mass (AFS). This estimation process can be calculated by the above-described equation 14.

  In step S10, the calculation / control unit 30 performs an estimation process of the internal organ tissue amount (AVM) and the internal organ tissue impedance (ZVM). Step 10 will be described in detail later with reference to the subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  In step S11, the calculation / control unit 30 performs a visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV) and visceral fat tissue volume (AFV) estimation process. Step 11 will be described in detail later with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  Next, in step S12, the calculation / control unit 30 performs a calculation process of the visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio (V / S). This process is performed according to the above-described equation 13 stored in the storage unit 4.

Next, in step S <b> 13, the calculation / control unit 30 performs a calculation process of a physique index (BMI). This calculation process can be calculated from the weight W and the height H stored in the storage unit 4 by the following formula.
BMI = W / H ²

Furthermore, in step S14, the calculation / control unit 30 performs a calculation process of the trunk body fat percentage (% Fatt). This calculation processing is performed from the subcutaneous fat tissue volume (AFS), the visceral fat tissue volume (AFV), the trunk skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area volume (AMM), and the internal organ tissue volume (AVM) stored in the storage unit 4. It is calculated by the following formula.
% Fatt = (AFS + AFV) / [(AFS + AFV) + AMM + AVM] * 100

Next, in step S15, the calculation / control unit 30 performs a calculation process of the visceral fat rate (% VFat). This processing is performed by the following equation from the trunk body fat percentage (% Fatt) and the visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio (V / S) calculated by the above-described arithmetic processing and stored in the storage unit 4.
% VFat =% Fatt * (V / S) / [(V / S) +1]

  Finally, in step S16, the calculation / control unit 30 determines the visceral fat tissue information (AFV,% VFat), body composition information (% Fatt, AMM, AFS, AVM) obtained by the calculation process as described above, A display process is performed to display a physique index (BMI), advice guidelines obtained by a process described later, and the like on the display unit 52. Thereby, a series of processes is completed (step S17).

  Next, the internal organ tissue quantity (AVM) and internal organ tissue impedance (ZVM) estimation processing in step S10 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, the internal organ tissue amount (AVM) is calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equation 11 in step S18, and the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 in step S19. And using equation 12 above.

  Next, the visceral adipose tissue impedance (ZFV) and visceral adipose tissue volume (AFV) estimation processing in step S11 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, in step S20, the visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV) is calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equation 7, and the height H stored in the storage unit 4 is calculated in step S21. Then, the visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV) and the above-described equation 10 are used to calculate the visceral fat tissue mass (AFV).

  Next, the trunk impedance measurement process in step S6 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. 22 showing the first embodiment. In this first embodiment, the preceding item 7. As described in (11) and (12), the “removal effect removal process due to respiration” and the “abnormal value determination process by eating and drinking and water retention (urine etc.) in the bladder and the like” are performed. First, in step S22, the calculation / control unit 30 performs the initial setting of the number of samples of measurement data of the impedance Ztm of the initial setting trunk such as a counter based on an instruction from the operation / input unit 51 or the like.

Subsequently, in step S23, the calculation / control unit 30 determines whether or not it is the measurement timing. If the measurement timing is determined, in step S24, the calculation / control unit 30 performs a trunk impedance (Ztm) measurement electrode arrangement setting process and performs a trunk impedance (Ztm _x ) measurement process. Further, in step 25, subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (ZFS) measurement electrode arrangement setting processing and subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (ZFSx) measurement processing are performed, and the processing returns to step 23.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S23 that it is not the measurement timing, the process proceeds to step S26, and the measured impedance (Zx) is determined with respect to the trunk impedance (Ztm _x ) and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (ZFS _x ). Data smoothing processing (moving average processing or the like), that is, Z _x = (Z _x-1 + Z _x ) / 2 is performed. Then, in step 27, trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction processing is performed. This correction process will be described later with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. It should be noted that the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (ZFS _x ) is not affected by respiratory fluctuations, and thus correction processing is not performed like the trunk impedance.

Subsequently, in step S28, the calculation / control unit 30 performs a time-series stability confirmation process of the measurement impedance for each part. This is performed by determining whether or not each value after the trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process in step S27 has converged to a value within a predetermined fluctuation a predetermined number of times. In step S29, the arithmetic and control unit 30, measured Ztm _x and ZFS _x is to determine whether to satisfy the stability condition. This determination is such that it is determined that the respiration median value is determined when the respiration median value for each respiration cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times. In this step S29, when it is determined that the stability condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S30, where the determined median impedance value is set as the trunk trunk impedance value or the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance value. The stability condition determination value is registered in the storage unit 4 as a measured value result value. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S29 that the stability condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step S23 and the same processing is repeated.

  Subsequent to step S30, in step S31, the calculation / control unit 30 performs an abnormal value determination process such as eating and drinking and urinary bladder retention, and in step S32, the notification buzzer 22 indicates the completion of the measurement (see FIG. 3). Using a buzzer or the like to notify the user, the measurement is completed. The abnormal value determination process in step 31 will be described later with reference to a subroutine flowchart of FIG.

Next, the trunk impedance measurement data respiration variation correction process in step S27 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. First, in step S33, the calculation / control unit 30 performs an inflection point detection process from the time series data processed in step S27. In step S34, it is determined whether or not it is an inflection point. This is performed by detecting data of polarity change positions of the front and rear derivatives or difference values. If it is determined in step 34 that the point is not an inflection point, the respiration variation correction process ends. On the other hand, when it is determined in step S34 that the point is an inflection point, the process proceeds to step S35, and it is determined whether or not the maximum value is reached. This is a step of distributing the maximum value and the minimum value. When it is not the maximum value, the minimum value determination data moving average process is performed by the following equation stored in the storage unit 4 in step S36.
[Ztm] min _x ← ([Ztm] min _x-1 + [Ztm] min _x ) / 2

When it is determined in step S35 that the maximum value is obtained, in step S37, the maximum value determination data moving averaging process is performed using the following equation stored in the storage unit 4.
[Ztm] max _x ← ([Ztm] max _x-1 + [Ztm] max _x ) / 2

Subsequently, in step S38, it is determined whether the maximum value and minimum value data for one breathing cycle have been secured. If it is determined in step 38 that data is not secured, this respiration variation correction process ends. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S38 that the data has been secured, in step S39, the respiratory fluctuation median value calculation process (maximum value and minimum value data is calculated using the following equation stored in the storage unit 4). (Average value calculation) is performed.
Ztm _x ← ([Ztm] max _x + [Ztm] min _x ) / 2

Next, the abnormal value determination processing based on eating and drinking and urinary bladder retention in step S31 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. First, in step S40, the arithmetic / control unit 30 checks whether the trunk impedance (Ztm) is within the normal allowable range using the following equation stored in the storage unit 4.
Mean-3SD ≦ Ztm ≦ Mean + 3SD
Here, 26.7 ± 4.8 (Mean ± 3SD) can be considered as an example of the allowable value.

  In step S41, it is determined whether the trunk impedance is within an allowable range. If it is determined that the value is not within the allowable range, the process proceeds to step S42, where the arithmetic / control unit 30 performs message notification processing regarding a trunk (abdomen) condition abnormality, and displays appropriate advice on the display unit 52. Etc. are made. As this advice, for example, a notification such as “performing a preparation process such as defecation and urination for abnormal trunk condition” may be considered. Further, when the same determination result is obtained after the preparation process, the measurement can be completed using the abnormal value, and the measurement can be stopped.

  When it is determined within the allowable range in step S41, in step S43, the calculation / control unit 30 performs message notification processing regarding normal condition of the trunk (abdomen) condition, and displays appropriate advice on the display unit 52. Made. As this advice, for example, notification such as “normal condition of trunk” is conceivable.

  With such operations and operations, according to the present invention, visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk (trunk abdomen) can be obtained, and furthermore, the influence removal processing of fluctuation due to breathing, and the moisture in the bladder and the like It is possible to perform abnormality determination processing due to storage (such as urine) and provide advice information accordingly. In the above-described embodiment, the fat percentage is obtained as the trunk visceral adipose tissue information. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and by using an appropriate conversion formula or the like, the cross-sectional area amount or the volume amount is obtained. Or weight.

  FIG. 25 shows an external perspective view of a measuring apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same number shall be attached | subjected to the member similar to the above embodiment. The apparatus 1 ′ includes a main body 60 that is slightly curved so as to conform to the shape of the abdomen of the subject, and each of the left and right sides of the main body 60 so as to be able to bend slightly with respect to the main body 60. And electrode support portions 62R and 62L provided in a movable state on the side. As shown in the figure, the device 1 may be of a handy type. For example, the device 1 can be used by pressing each side of the electrode support portions 62R and 62L with the left and right hands against the abdomen of the subject. . Since the electrode support portions 62R and 62L are provided so as to be movable with respect to the main body portion 60, the apparatus 1 'fits perfectly around the abdomen of the subject.

  A liquid crystal display section 64 and various switches 66 are provided on the ventral side surface of the main body section 60. These parts are placed on the subject's ventral side during measurement. Therefore, the subject cannot see the display of the main body 60 during the measurement, but can see it by pulling away from the abdomen after the measurement.

The electrode support portion 62 includes support frames 70R and 70L provided with a hole in the center, two parallel slide rods 74R and 74L spanning the holes 72R and 72L of the support frames 70R and 70L on the left and right sides, and slides thereof. The slide supports 76R and 76L are slidable along the rods 74R and 74L. On the upper surfaces of the slide supports 76R and 76L, various electrodes arranged on the subject's abdomen, that is, the current application electrode 13L ₁ , the voltage measurement electrodes 14L ₁ and 14L ₂ , the current application electrode 13R ₁ , the voltage measurement electrode 14R ₁ , 14R ₂ is provided.

  The number and position of the electrodes 13 and 14 are determined according to a usage mode. In the example of FIG. 25, the arrangement is the same as that of FIG. As is clear from the above-described configuration, according to the measuring apparatus 1 ′ according to the present embodiment, the slide supports 76R and 76L are slid in the directions indicated by the arrows A on the left and right sides of the apparatus. The electrodes 13 and 14 can be easily set to various widths according to the size of the body of the subject.

1 is a schematic perspective view showing an appearance of an embodiment of a trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measuring device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating how the apparatus of FIG. It is a block diagram of the main-body part of the trunk internal organs and subcutaneous fat measuring device by this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of a trunk trunk abdomen. It is the figure which modeled the schematic diagram of the trunk shown in FIG. 4 in the abdominal circumference cross section in umbilical height. It is the figure which represented the model figure of FIG. 5 as an electrical equivalent circuit. FIG. 7 is a simplified diagram of the circuit of FIG. 6. It is a figure explaining the relationship between the distance between electrodes, and spreading resistance. It is a figure explaining the relationship between the distance between electrodes, and spreading resistance. It is a figure which shows typically an example of electrode arrangement | positioning by this invention with the structure of a trunk abdomen. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring the information of only a subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring the information of only a subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring the information of only a subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring the information of only a subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring as both the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information and the visceral fat tissue information isolate | separated simultaneously. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring as both the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information and the visceral fat tissue information isolate | separated simultaneously. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring as both the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information and the visceral fat tissue information isolate | separated simultaneously. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring as both the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information and the visceral fat tissue information isolate | separated simultaneously. It is a figure which shows the basic flowchart for trunk internal organs and subcutaneous fat measurement by one Example of this invention. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an internal organ tissue amount and internal organ tissue impedance estimation processing flow as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. 19. It is a figure which shows the estimation processing flow of the visceral fat tissue impedance and visceral fat tissue amount as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. It is a figure which shows the trunk | body impedance measurement process flow as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a trunk core impedance measurement data respiration variation correction process flow as a subroutine of the trunk impedance measurement process flow of FIG. 22; It is a figure which shows the abnormal value determination processing flow by eating and drinking, urinary bladder urine storage, etc. as a subroutine of the trunk | body impedance measurement processing flow of FIG. It is a figure which shows the external appearance perspective view of the measuring apparatus by other embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measuring device (trunk subcutaneous fat measuring device)
5 Operation Display Panel 11 Main Body 13 Current Application Electrode 14 Voltage Measurement Electrode 15 Tendon Membrane 21 Calculation / Control Unit 51 Operation / Input Unit 52 Display Unit 120L Electric Wire 120R Electric Wire 130 Grip Electrode Portion 140 Grip Electrode Portion

Claims (14)

The first and second current application electrodes and the first and second voltage measurement electrodes are arranged on the trunk, a current is passed between the first and second current application electrodes, and the first and second current application electrodes are arranged. Method for measuring trunk body fat tissue volume information using trunk body fat tissue information estimated from trunk body impedance by measuring potential difference between voltage measuring electrodes and using trunk body impedance In
A trunk trunk subcutaneous fat measurement method, wherein the first current application electrode and the first voltage measurement electrode are disposed on either the left or right tendon when viewed from the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction. The first and second current application electrodes are arranged on the left and right tendons when viewed around the navel in the trunk periphery direction,
The first and second voltage measurement electrodes are arranged at a distance in the trunk length direction on the tendon where the first and second current application electrodes are arranged, respectively. The trunk trunk fat measurement method according to claim 1, wherein visceral fat tissue information can be obtained. The first and second current application electrodes are arranged on the left and right tendon portions when viewed around the navel in the trunk periphery direction,
The first voltage measurement electrode is disposed at a distance in the trunk length direction from the second current application electrode on the tendon where the second current application electrode is disposed,
The second voltage measuring electrode is disposed adjacent to the second current application electrode;
The trunk subcutaneous fat measurement method according to claim 1, wherein trunk trunk fat tissue layer information is obtained. From the first current application electrode, a current is applied to the tendon portion on either the left or right side when viewed around the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction,
The second current application electrode is disposed in the vicinity of the umbilical position on the opposite side to the one side, on the flank, on the dorsum of the side,
The first voltage measurement electrode is arranged at a distance in the trunk length direction with respect to the first current application electrode in the left or right tendon portion,
The second voltage measuring electrode is disposed adjacent to the second current application electrode;
The trunk subcutaneous fat measurement method according to claim 1, wherein trunk trunk fat tissue layer information is obtained. The first and second current application electrodes are arranged on the left and right tendons when viewed around the navel in the trunk periphery direction,
Visceral adipose tissue information is obtained by disposing the first and second voltage measurement electrodes at a distance in the trunk length direction on the tendon where the first and second current application electrodes are disposed,
Further, a third voltage measurement electrode is disposed in the vicinity of the first or second current application electrode, and a potential difference between the first and third voltage measurement electrodes or the second and third voltage measurements is obtained. Obtain the trunk impedance by measuring the potential difference between the electrodes, obtain trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer information,
Further, a third current application electrode is disposed on any one of the umbilical position, flank, and lateral dorsal side opposite to the left or right tendon where the first current application electrode is disposed. Current is passed between the three current application electrodes,
Further, a fourth voltage measurement electrode is disposed in the vicinity of the third current application electrode, and the impedance of the trunk is obtained by measuring a potential difference between the second and fourth voltage measurement electrodes. 5. The trunk subcutaneous fat measurement method according to claim 1, wherein trunk trunk fat tissue layer information is obtained. A first current application electrode and a second voltage measurement electrode disposed on the trunk, and a current is passed between the first current application electrode and the second current application electrode. The impedance of the trunk is obtained by measuring the potential difference between the second voltage measurement electrodes, and the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue amount is calculated using the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer information estimated from the impedance of the trunk. In the measuring device,
The trunk subcutaneous fat measurement device, wherein the first current application electrode and the first voltage measurement electrode are arranged on either the left or right tendon when viewed from the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction. . The first and second current application electrodes are arranged on the left and right tendon portions when viewed around the navel in the trunk periphery direction,
The first and second voltage measurement electrodes are arranged at a distance in the trunk length direction on the tendon where the first and second current application electrodes are arranged, respectively.
The trunk trunk fat measurement device according to claim 6, wherein the device is configured to obtain visceral fat tissue information. The first and second current application electrodes are arranged on the left and right tendon portions when viewed around the navel in the trunk periphery direction,
The first voltage measurement electrode is arranged at a distance from the second current application electrode in the trunk length direction on the tendon where the second current application electrode is arranged,
The second voltage measurement electrode is disposed in proximity to the second current application electrode;
The trunk subcutaneous fat measurement apparatus according to claim 6, wherein trunk trunk fat tissue layer information is obtained. The first current application electrode is disposed on either the left or right tendon when viewed around the navel in the trunk periphery direction,
The second current application electrode is disposed near the umbilical position on the opposite side of the one side, on the flank, on the dorsum of the side,
The first voltage measurement electrode is arranged at a distance in the trunk length direction with respect to the first current application electrode in the left or right tendon portion,
The second voltage measurement electrode is disposed in proximity to the second current application electrode;
The trunk subcutaneous fat measurement apparatus according to claim 6, wherein trunk trunk fat tissue layer information is obtained. Further, a third current application electrode, third and fourth voltage measurement electrodes, a current application electrode for passing a current and a voltage measurement electrode for measuring a potential difference are selected, and the visceral fat tissue information and the trunk subcutaneous fat are selected. A switching device for selectively obtaining tissue layer information,
The first and second current application electrodes are arranged on the left and right tendon portions when viewed around the navel in the trunk periphery direction,
The first and second voltage measurement electrodes are arranged at a distance in the trunk length direction at the tendon where the first and second current application electrodes are arranged, respectively, to obtain visceral adipose tissue information,
Further, a third voltage measurement electrode is disposed in the vicinity of the first or second current application electrode, and a potential difference between the first and third voltage measurement electrodes or the second and third voltage measurement is provided. Obtain the trunk impedance by measuring the potential difference between the electrodes, obtain trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer information,
The third current application electrode is arranged at any one of the umbilical position, flank, and dorsum on the opposite side of the left or right tendon where the first current application electrode is arranged, And a current is passed between the third current application electrodes,
The fourth voltage measurement electrode is disposed in proximity to the third current application electrode, and an impedance of the trunk is obtained by measuring a potential difference between the second and fourth voltage measurement electrodes, The trunk subcutaneous fat measurement apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein trunk trunk fat tissue layer information is obtained. And further comprising a trunk visceral fat tissue amount estimating means for estimating a trunk visceral fat tissue amount based on the trunk impedance and body specifying information obtained by using the potential difference measured by the voltage measuring electrode . Item 11. The trunk subcutaneous fat measuring device according to any one of Items 6 to 10 . Trunk portion leather according to any one of claims 6 to 11 further comprising a respiratory variation effect removal means for removing the influence of the variation due to respiration based on the impedance of the trunk measured at short sampling periods than the breathing cycle time Lower fat measuring device.   The trunk fat measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tendon is a joint tendon between a rectus abdominis and an external oblique muscle.   The trunk fat measuring device according to any one of claims 6 to 12, wherein the tendon is a joint tendon between a rectus abdominis and an external oblique muscle.

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