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JP4743678B2 - Sound absorption panel - Google Patents
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JP4743678B2 - Sound absorption panel - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4743678B2
JP4743678B2 JP2001270519A JP2001270519A JP4743678B2 JP 4743678 B2 JP4743678 B2 JP 4743678B2 JP 2001270519 A JP2001270519 A JP 2001270519A JP 2001270519 A JP2001270519 A JP 2001270519A JP 4743678 B2 JP4743678 B2 JP 4743678B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
sound absorbing
sound
hole
perforated plate
absorbing material
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JP2001270519A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2003076372A (en
Inventor
春夫 井上
真作 河本
博 中谷
哲郎 小野
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Sasakura Engineering Co Ltd
Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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Sasakura Engineering Co Ltd
Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は吸音パネルに関し、特に寒冷地等の屋外で使用されるときの雨水の侵入及び凍結を防止する技術に好都合に利用される。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の通常の吸音パネルは、グラスウール等の吸音材をグラスクロス等の遮音性のない布材で覆い、これを多孔板やエキスバンドメタル等の形状保持部材で囲うことによって形成されていた。この場合の多孔板としては、一般工業的用途のものとして市販されていて、直径10mm又はそれ以上の大きさの穴を持ち、開口率が40%程度以上のものが使用されていた。そして、従来では、このような大きさの穴径と開口率を用いることにより、音の通過性が良く板材を設けても吸音性能に影響が出ないものと考えられていた。なお、エキスパンドメタルの場合には当然開口率は問題にならない。
【0003】
このような吸音パネルは、コストも安価であり通常の用途に対しては良好に使用されている。しかしながら、屋外に設置されて風雨に曝される吸音パネルでは、多孔板から雨水が侵入し、雨水の直接当たる部分の吸音材がえぐられて吸音性能が低下したり、又冬期や特に寒冷地においては、侵入した雨水が凍結と解凍を繰り返し、吸音性能の低下のみならず吸音材の劣化も促進されるという問題があった。
【0004】
雨水の侵入を防止するようにした防音パネルとしては、グラスウール材等の吸音材を内蔵した本体の裏面材に吸音作用を発揮させるべき多数の小開孔を設け、その上に吸水性のない洗浄可能な塩化ビニール樹脂材やポリエチレン材等から成る保護膜層を設けて、小開孔からの雨水の侵入を防止すると共に、泥等が付着したときの洗浄も可能にしたものが提案されている(実用新案登録第3009605号公報参照)。
【0005】
又、他の従来の吸音パネルとして、ガラスウール層から成る吸音材を不織布と表面クロスで覆うと共に、不織布と表面クロスとの間にフィルムを介在させて密閉構造にし、防音室内の微細なダストが音波による空気振動によって吸音パネルのガラスウール層に侵入するのを防止し、それによって吸音パネルが変色するのを防止し、吸音パネルの内装材としての美観を長く保持できるようにした吸音パネルが提案されている(特開平7−3906号公報参照)
このような保護膜層やフィルムによれば、吸音材への雨水の侵入を一応防止することができる。しかしながら、このように材料は経時的に劣化するため耐久性がなく貼り替え等の手間がかかると共に、気密性材料であるため吸音材の吸音性能を低下させるさせるという問題がある。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで本発明は、従来技術における上記問題を解決し、吸音性能に影響を与えることなく、経年劣化がなく耐久性があり、風雨に曝されても吸音材が損傷されたり吸音性能が低下することのない吸音パネルを提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記課題を解決するために、請求項1の発明は、吸音パネルが、吸音材と、該吸音材を囲い音を通過可能なシート状のカバー部材と、ほぼ3mm以下の寸法の多数の孔を備えていて前記カバー部材の外面であって前記吸音材の吸音側の面に設けられた多孔板と、を有することを特徴とする。
【0008】
請求項2の発明においては、上記に加えて、前記カバー部材と前記多孔板との間隔を保持すると共に上方から下方に水を落下可能にするように設けられた間隔保持部材を有することを特徴とする。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は本発明を適用した吸音パネルの構造例を示す。
本例の吸音パネルは、同図(a)に示す如く、吸音材1、シート状のカバー部材としての不織布2、これらを囲う多孔板3、等を有する構造になっている。このように吸音パネルは、同図(b)に示す如く、枠部材4で一体化され、通常壁面に取り付けられたり壁面に組み込まれて防音壁等を形成する。
【0010】
吸音材1は、グラスウール等の不燃性無機質繊維でできている。特に屋外で使用されるものを含み通常撥水処理されている。不織布2は、吸音材1を囲っているが音を通過可能なグラスクロス類等の材料でできていて、紫外線による吸音材の劣化を防止する機能を有する。
【0011】
多孔板3は、不織布2の外面のうちの吸音材1の吸音側の面である表面側Fに設けられるが、本例では裏面側Bを含み吸音材1の全周囲を多孔板3で囲っている。多孔板3は、通常アルミニウム、ステンレス、亜鉛鉄板等の金属製のものであり、吸音パネルが防音壁を構成したり防音空間内に配置されるときに、吸音材1の吸音性能に影響を与えることなく、吸音材1の形状保持や散逸防止、吸音パネルとしての強度保持等の機能を持つものである。従って、裏面側Bが壁面等になっていて吸音する必要のない面であるようなときには、孔のないソリッドな板であってもよい。
【0012】
多孔板3は、ほぼ3mm以下の寸法として本例では直径d=3mmの多数の孔31を備えている。実際の製品では2.5mm程度にされることが多い。多孔板3は通常打抜孔明け加工されるが、この加工に使用される打抜工具としては、その強度面から通常多孔板3の板厚以上の直径のものが使用される。そして、多孔板3は基本的には上記のような機能を供えるものであるため、その板厚は通常0.8mm〜1.6mm程度である。従って、孔31の直径の下限値は実際的には使用する板厚によって定まることになり、通常1mm程度までである。
【0013】
このような孔31の直径は、雨水の侵入防止機能、製造コスト、吸音性能等を総合的に判断して、実際の使用条件に適合するように定められる。なお、孔31は、多孔板の加工方法によっては、一辺が3mm程度以下の角形の孔等であってもよい。
【0014】
多孔板3の孔31は、図1(c)及び(d)に示す如く四角配列や三角配列等に配置される。三角配列で直径d=3mmの孔では、ピッチpは6mm程度にされ、従って孔31の開口率は約23%になる。この開口率は、従来の直径10mmのものに較べて1/2程度である。
【0015】
以上のような吸音パネルは、以下に説明するように、例えば寒冷地の道路の防音壁等で風雨に曝されると共に気温が0℃以下に低下するような使用条件下においても、目的とする吸音性能を発揮すると共に、経年的に吸音材が劣化したり吸音性能が低下することのない構造になっている。
【0016】
図2は、吸音パネルが風雨に曝されて多孔板3に雨の水滴wが振りかかったときの種々の状態を示す。この図の例では、孔31の直径を3mmにしている。又、雨の水滴wは、雨の状態によって異なり1mm〜3mm程度であるが、図では2mm程度として示している。
【0017】
同図(a)、(b)に示す如く、多孔板3の表面32に雨による粒状の水滴wが振りかかると、水滴wは表面32に押しつけられ広がって偏平になったり筋状になり、表面との間の水の粘性による摩擦力によって表面32に付着し、表面張力によって再び粒状体w1 になったり、表面を面状乃至筋状にある程度濡らした面状体w2 になり、こららが更に合体して5乃至10mm程度までの大きさの大粒状体W1 や大面状体W2 になって表面32上に存在することになる。
【0018】
このような粒状又は面状の何れになるかは、多孔板3の表面32の撥水性又は濡れ性、表面32の摩擦係数、水滴wの大きさ、降雨量、風速等の諸条件によって異なるが、通常これらが混在した状態になる。又、W1 、W2 が更に合体すると、重力が摩擦による表面への粘着力より大きくなり、表面32上を流れ落ちたり表面を連続的に濡らした状態にする。
【0019】
表面32にこのようにw1 、w2 、W1 、W2 等が生じてこれらが孔31部分に来ると、w1 、w2 では、小粒で軽いため重力よりも表面32への粘着力の方が大きく、(c)及び(d)に示す如く、表面張力が作用した状態で表面32上に保持される。
【0020】
1 、W2 では、大粒であるため重力と粘着力との大きさが接近又は逆転するが、何れの場合でも、図3(a)及び(b)に示す如く、連続した状態で孔31を覆った形状になる。即ち、W1 、W2 に表面張力が作用して孔31を静的に覆った状態になるか、又は、孔31の部分では表面張力が作用しつつこれを渡って孔を塞いだ状態で下方に流れることになる。即ち、孔31が3mmで小さくW1 、W2 がこれより大きいため、W1 、W2 が孔31を渡ることができ、多孔板3の裏面33に回り込んで吸音材側に入り込むようなことがない。
【0021】
これに対して、図3(c)及び(d)に示す如く、従来の多孔板3´のように孔31´が10mm又はそれ以上のサイズであるときには、最初実線の状態のW1 、W2 が孔31´を渡るときに、孔径が大きいため孔の周囲を伝って孔を塞ぐことができず、鎖線で示すように大きく下方に垂れ下がり、粘着より重力が大きくなって一線鎖線で示すように下方に脱落し、孔31´を形成する多孔板3´の下淵34´に当たって二点鎖線で示すように分裂し、吸音材1のある裏面33´側に雨水である水滴W12、W22 が入り込むことになる。
【0022】
多孔板3の表面31に雨が連続して振りかかり続けると、図3(a)、(b)に示すようにW1 、W2 又はこれら更にが合体して流れつつ孔31を塞いだ状態が多くなる。この状態では、(e)に示すように雨の水滴wが例えば角度45°の方向から孔31に向かって来ても、水滴wはW1 、W2 に当たり、二点鎖線で示すように直接孔31の中に入ることができなくなる。従って、霧雨のような小径の雨でも孔31を通過しなくなる。その結果、吹き込んで来たり浮遊して来る雨の侵入も防止される。この場合、W1 、W2 に較べてwは十分軽量であるため、W1 、W2 を孔31内に押し込むだけの動的な力はなく、これらを下方に流すように衝撃力を与えることがある程度である。
【0023】
一方、従来の多孔板3´では、孔31´が大きいため孔が水で覆われず常に開通しているので、(f)に示す如く、任意の大きさの雨の水滴wが直接吸音材1側に吹き込むことになる。
【0024】
発明者等は、以上の如く、w、w1 、w2 、W1 、W2 等の大きさや形状と多孔板の孔径との関係を考察したり実際に雨を当てて観察し、直径がほぼ3mm程度以下であれば、W1 等が孔部分に来たときに孔の縁を伝ってその周囲に広がって孔を渡り、孔の中に入り込むことなく孔を覆い、通常の雨の侵入を効果的に防止できることを見い出た。そしてこのような作用効果について、各種サイズの孔径を持つ多孔板を試作して以下に示す実験により確認した。
【0025】
図4はシャワーを用いた散水による模擬雨水透過実験の実施状態及び実施結果をまとめた水滴透過率曲線を示し、表1はこの実験に使用した試験体の種類ごとに得られた実験データを示す。
【0026】
【表1】

Figure 0004743678
この実験では、図4(a)に示す如く、多孔板3をほぼ60°傾けて、これに対してシャワーSでほぼ直角方向乃至30°の角度をなす上方から毎分約4リットルの水を約1分間散水し、多孔板3の表面側を流れ落ちた外面(イ)の部分と孔31から裏面を伝って流れ落ちた裏面(ロ)の部分と多孔板の孔31を通過した透過(ハ)の部分のそれぞれに溜まった水量を測定し、これを孔径の異なるA乃至Gの7種類の多孔板について実施し、表1のデータ及び図4(b)の水滴透過率曲線を得た。
【0027】
この実験結果によれば、多孔板の穴径を3mm以下にすると、多孔板の孔からの水透過量が急減することが明らかになった。又、裏面(ロ)を伝う水量も大幅に減少することが分かった。即ち、水の実際的な諸性質を合理的に利用し、多孔板の開口サイズをほぼ3mmにすることにより、吸音材への水の侵入を従来よりも大幅に低減させることができた。そして、このように水の侵入量を少なくすることにより、水の自然蒸発による乾燥作用が効果的になり、降雨後に凍結・解凍に至る水量を格段に少なくし、吸音材の劣化促進をほぼ完全に防止することができる。
【0028】
なお以上の実験では、シャワーを使用し60°に傾けた多孔板に直角乃至ほぼ上方から水を当てているため、通常の雨に較べると相当厳しい実験条件になっていて、裏面側への水の侵入量は通常の雨のときよりも相当大きい値になっているものと推定される。従って、多孔板の孔径を3mm程度以下にすることにより、実際の降雨に対してほぼ完全に雨の侵入を防止できるものと推定される。
【0029】
以上の如く、多孔板の孔径を3mm以下にすれば雨水の侵入を効果的に防止できるが、穴径を小さくすると吸音性能に影響する可能性がある。これに対して発明者等は、吸音パネルで2.5mmの孔径の多孔板を設けた場合と多孔板を設けない場合とについて吸音性能の比較試験を行い、図5に示す結果を得た。この試験の試験条件及び結果の概要は次のとおりである。
【0030】
試験方法:JIS A1409による残響室法
試験体サイズ 2mx4m
板厚 :0.8mm
孔径 :2.5mm 多孔板無し
開口率 : 22% 100 %
吸音率
周波数= 250HZ: 0.96 0.98
周波数= 500HZ: 0.96 0.99
周波数=1000HZ: 0.99 0.99
(周波数はオクターブバンドの中心周波数(HZ))
以上の実験によれば、多孔板の孔径を2.5mm、開口率を23%にしても殆ど吸音性能が低下しないことが確認された。
【0031】
なお、以上の如く穴径をほぼ3mm以下にすることによって吸音性能を低下させることなく雨水の侵入を防止できるが、穴径を小さくすると異物による孔の閉塞が心配される。しかしながら、例えば道路の防音壁等に実際に設置されている吸音パネルでは、孔への主たる堆積物は煤や塵埃であるため、吸音性能はこれらによっては殆ど低下しない。又、多孔板は十分な強度を有するので、孔の詰まりに対しては、水洗等で容易に対応することができる。
【0032】
図6は本発明を適用した吸音パネルの他の例を示す。
本例の吸音パネルは、図1のものに加えて、間隔保持部材としてのスペーサー5を有する。スペーサー5は、不織布で覆われた吸音パネルと多孔板3との間隔を保持すると共に、上方から下方に水を落下可能にするように設けられている。即ち、本例のものは、縦板51にこの板の幅よりも狭い横板52を組み合わせて形成し、多孔板3との間に空間部53を設け、この部分を横板位置での水の落下通路にしている。落下した水は図1に示す枠板4に明けられた図示しない穴から外に排出されるようになっている。
【0033】
このようなスペーサー5を設けると、特に風雨が激しいとき等に、多孔板3の裏面33に入り込んで来る可能性のある水を裏面33又は横板52の先端部分から下方に落下させることができる。その結果、雨水を直接不織布2及び吸音材1に当てて、毛管現象等によって雨水を吸音材1内に浸透・侵入させる不具合を確実に防止することができる。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
以上の如く本発明によれば、請求項1の発明においては、吸音パネルを吸音材とそのカバー部材とその吸音側に設けられた多孔板とを有する構造にして、多孔板の孔の寸法をほぼ3mm以下にするので、雨の水滴の大きさや雨が吸音パネルの多孔板の表面に降り掛かった後の動作状態等の諸特性を利用し、多孔板の孔から吸音材のある内部への雨の侵入を大幅に制限することができる。
【0035】
即ち、孔径をほぼ3mm以下にすれば、多孔板の表面に降り掛かって集合したり流れ落ちる水滴や水流が孔の周囲を伝って孔を塞ぐ状態になり、従来の10mmの孔のように、水が孔の縁で分裂して墜落し、吸音材のある孔の内部に入り込むことがない。そして実験により、このような雨水侵入効果が顕著に現れる上限の孔径がほぼ3mmであることが確認された。
【0036】
このように吸音材への雨水の侵入を大幅に制限することにより、その侵入量を自然蒸発の可能な程度に止め、寒冷地やその他の地域での冬期等に、侵入水の吸音材内での凍結と解凍の繰り返しによる吸音材の劣化促進、寿命低下作用を防止することができる。又、吸音材を成形保持する表面材として多孔板を用いることにより、従来技術のフィルム材や樹脂材等の気密シート材のような短期間での材料の劣化がなく、吸音パネルに全体として十分な耐久性を付与することができる。又、フィルム等の取り替えの手間も不要になる。
【0037】
なお、孔径を従来より小さくすることによる直接的又は孔閉塞による吸音性能への影響は、実験等によって殆ど問題にならないことが確認された。
【0038】
請求項2の発明においては、間隔保持部材を設けて、吸音材を覆うカバー部材と多孔板との間隔を保持し、上方から下方に水を落下可能にしているので、特に風雨が激しいとき等に、多孔板の孔から入り込んで来る可能性のある水を、多孔板と間隔保持部材との間の部分によって下方に落下させることができる。その結果、雨水が毛管現象等によってカバー部材を介して吸音材内に侵入する不具合を一層確実に防止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明を適用した吸音パネルの構成例を示し、(a)は横断面図、(b)は斜視図、(c)は多孔板の孔の配置例を示す正面図である。
【図2】多孔板表面への雨の付着状態の説明図で、(a)及び(c)は側面状態で(b)及び(d)は正面状態を示す。
【図3】多孔板表面への雨の付着状態の説明図で、(a)、(c)、(e)及び(f)は側面状態で(b)及び(d)は正面状態を示す。
【図4】(a)及び(b)は多孔板表面への散水実験の実験状態を示す説明図及び実験結果を示す曲線図である。
【図5】吸音パネルの吸音率の比較試験の結果を示す曲線図である。
【図6】本発明を適用した吸音パネルの他の構成例を示し、(a)は横断面図、(b)はスペーサー部分を含む(a)の一部分の拡大図、(c)はスペーサー部分を含み一部分を拡大した側面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 吸音材
2 不織布(カバー部材)
3 多孔板
5 スペーサー(間隔保持部材)
31 孔
F 表面側(吸音側の面)[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sound-absorbing panel, and is particularly advantageously used in a technique for preventing rainwater from entering and freezing when used outdoors such as in cold regions.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional ordinary sound absorbing panels are formed by covering a sound absorbing material such as glass wool with a non-sound-insulating cloth material such as glass cloth and surrounding it with a shape holding member such as a perforated plate or an extended metal. The porous plate in this case is commercially available for general industrial use, and has a hole having a diameter of 10 mm or more and an aperture ratio of about 40% or more. Conventionally, by using such a hole diameter and aperture ratio, it has been considered that the sound-absorbing performance is not affected even if a plate material is provided with good sound passage. In the case of expanded metal, naturally the aperture ratio is not a problem.
[0003]
Such a sound-absorbing panel is inexpensive and is used favorably for normal applications. However, in sound absorbing panels that are installed outdoors and exposed to wind and rain, rainwater enters from the perforated plate, and the sound absorbing material of the part that directly hits rainwater is removed and the sound absorbing performance decreases, and in winter and especially in cold regions However, there is a problem that the rainwater that has entered repeatedly freezes and thaws and promotes deterioration of the sound absorbing material as well as deterioration of sound absorbing performance.
[0004]
As a soundproof panel designed to prevent rainwater from entering, a large number of small holes are provided on the back surface of the main body that incorporates a sound absorbing material such as glass wool material, and cleaning is performed without water absorption. It has been proposed to provide a protective film layer made of possible vinyl chloride resin material or polyethylene material to prevent rainwater from entering through small openings and also to wash when mud etc. adhere (See Utility Model Registration No. 3009605).
[0005]
As another conventional sound absorbing panel, a sound absorbing material composed of a glass wool layer is covered with a non-woven fabric and a surface cloth, and a film is interposed between the non-woven fabric and the surface cloth to form a sealed structure so that fine dust in the soundproof room is collected. Proposed sound absorbing panel that prevents the sound absorbing panel from discoloring due to air vibration caused by sound waves, thereby preventing discoloration of the sound absorbing panel and maintaining the aesthetic appearance of the sound absorbing panel as an interior material. (Refer to JP-A-7-3906)
According to such a protective film layer or film, it is possible to prevent rainwater from entering the sound absorbing material. However, since the material deteriorates over time as described above, there is a problem in that it is not durable and takes time and effort such as reattachment, and because it is an airtight material, the sound absorbing performance of the sound absorbing material is lowered.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, does not affect the sound absorption performance, is durable with no deterioration over time, and the sound absorption material is damaged or the sound absorption performance is reduced even when exposed to wind and rain. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sound-absorbing panel having no noise.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is characterized in that the sound absorbing panel includes a sound absorbing material, a sheet-like cover member that surrounds the sound absorbing material and can pass sound, and a large number of dimensions of approximately 3 mm or less. And a perforated plate provided on the outer surface of the cover member and on the sound absorbing side of the sound absorbing material.
[0008]
In addition to the above, the invention of claim 2 further includes an interval holding member provided to hold the interval between the cover member and the perforated plate and to allow water to fall downward from above. And
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows a structural example of a sound absorbing panel to which the present invention is applied.
The sound absorbing panel of this example has a structure having a sound absorbing material 1, a non-woven fabric 2 as a sheet-like cover member, a perforated plate 3 surrounding these, and the like, as shown in FIG. In this way, the sound absorbing panel is integrated with the frame member 4 and is usually attached to the wall surface or incorporated into the wall surface to form a soundproof wall or the like, as shown in FIG.
[0010]
The sound absorbing material 1 is made of noncombustible inorganic fibers such as glass wool. In particular, it is water repellent treated including those used outdoors. The nonwoven fabric 2 surrounds the sound absorbing material 1 but is made of a material such as glass cloth that can pass sound, and has a function of preventing deterioration of the sound absorbing material due to ultraviolet rays.
[0011]
The perforated plate 3 is provided on the surface side F, which is the surface on the sound absorbing side of the sound absorbing material 1, of the outer surface of the nonwoven fabric 2. In this example, the perimeter of the sound absorbing material 1 including the back side B is surrounded by the perforated plate 3. ing. The perforated plate 3 is usually made of a metal such as aluminum, stainless steel, and zinc iron plate, and affects the sound absorbing performance of the sound absorbing material 1 when the sound absorbing panel forms a soundproof wall or is disposed in the soundproof space. The sound absorbing material 1 has functions such as shape retention and prevention of dissipation, and strength maintenance as a sound absorbing panel. Therefore, when the back surface B is a wall surface or the like that does not need to absorb sound, it may be a solid plate without holes.
[0012]
The porous plate 3 is provided with a large number of holes 31 having a diameter d = 3 mm in this example as a dimension of approximately 3 mm or less. In actual products, it is often about 2.5 mm. The perforated plate 3 is usually punched, but a punching tool used for this processing is usually one having a diameter larger than the thickness of the perforated plate 3 due to its strength. And since the perforated plate 3 basically provides the above functions, the plate thickness is usually about 0.8 mm to 1.6 mm. Therefore, the lower limit value of the diameter of the hole 31 is actually determined by the plate thickness to be used, and is usually up to about 1 mm.
[0013]
The diameter of the hole 31 is determined so as to meet the actual use conditions by comprehensively judging the rainwater intrusion prevention function, the manufacturing cost, the sound absorption performance, and the like. The hole 31 may be a square hole or the like having a side of about 3 mm or less depending on the processing method of the perforated plate.
[0014]
The holes 31 of the perforated plate 3 are arranged in a square array, a triangular array, or the like as shown in FIGS. In the case of holes having a diameter d = 3 mm in a triangular arrangement, the pitch p is set to about 6 mm, so that the aperture ratio of the holes 31 is about 23%. This aperture ratio is about ½ compared to a conventional one having a diameter of 10 mm.
[0015]
The sound absorbing panel as described above is intended even under use conditions such as being exposed to wind and rain on a soundproof wall or the like of a road in a cold region and the temperature is lowered to 0 ° C. or less as described below. The sound absorbing performance is exhibited and the sound absorbing material does not deteriorate over time or the sound absorbing performance does not deteriorate.
[0016]
FIG. 2 shows various states when the sound absorbing panel is exposed to wind and rain, and rain water droplets w are sprinkled on the porous plate 3. In the example of this figure, the diameter of the hole 31 is 3 mm. Further, the rain water droplet w is about 1 mm to 3 mm depending on the rain condition, but is shown as about 2 mm in the figure.
[0017]
As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, when a granular water droplet w due to rain is sprinkled on the surface 32 of the porous plate 3, the water droplet w is pressed against the surface 32 and spreads to become flat or streak. It adheres to the surface 32 by the frictional force due to the viscosity of water between the surface and becomes the granular body w 1 again by the surface tension, or the planar body w 2 which wets the surface to a certain extent in the form of a plane or streak. Are combined to form a large granular body W 1 or a large planar body W 2 having a size of about 5 to 10 mm and exist on the surface 32.
[0018]
Whether it is in such a granular or planar shape depends on various conditions such as water repellency or wettability of the surface 32 of the porous plate 3, friction coefficient of the surface 32, size of water droplets w, rainfall, and wind speed. Usually, these are mixed. Further, when W 1 and W 2 are further combined, gravity becomes larger than the adhesive force to the surface due to friction, and the surface flows down on the surface 32 or the surface is continuously wetted.
[0019]
When w 1 , w 2 , W 1 , W 2, etc. are generated on the surface 32 and these come to the hole 31 portion, the adhesive force to the surface 32 rather than gravity because w 1 and w 2 are small and light. Is larger and is held on the surface 32 in a state in which surface tension is applied, as shown in (c) and (d).
[0020]
In W 1 and W 2 , the size of gravity and adhesive force approaches or reverses because they are large particles, but in either case, as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the holes 31 are in a continuous state. It becomes a shape that covers. That is, the surface tension is applied to W 1 and W 2 and the hole 31 is statically covered, or the surface of the hole 31 is acting and the hole is closed across the hole 31. It will flow downward. That is, since the hole 31 is 3 mm and W 1 and W 2 are larger than this, W 1 and W 2 can cross the hole 31 and go around the back surface 33 of the porous plate 3 and enter the sound absorbing material side. There is nothing.
[0021]
On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 3 (c) and 3 (d), when the hole 31 'has a size of 10 mm or more as in the conventional perforated plate 3', the first solid line W 1 , W 1 When 2 crosses the hole 31 ′, the hole diameter is large, so the hole cannot be blocked by passing around the hole, drooping downward greatly as shown by the chain line, and the gravitational force is larger than the adhesive and shown by the chain line. The water drops W 12 , W that are rainwater on the back surface 33 ′ side where the sound absorbing material 1 is provided are split as shown by a two-dot chain line by hitting the lower ridge 34 ′ forming the hole 31 ′. 22 will enter.
[0022]
When rain continues to sprinkle on the surface 31 of the perforated plate 3, the state where the holes 31 are blocked while W 1 , W 2, or these are combined and flow as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) Will increase. In this state, as shown in (e), even if the rain water droplet w comes from the direction of an angle of 45 ° toward the hole 31, for example, the water droplet w hits W 1 and W 2 and directly as shown by the two-dot chain line. It becomes impossible to enter the hole 31. Therefore, even the rain with a small diameter such as drizzle does not pass through the hole 31. As a result, invasion of rain that comes in or floats is also prevented. In this case, since compared to W 1, W 2 w is sufficiently lightweight, W 1, W 2 rather than dynamic force only pushed into the bore 31 to provide an impact force to flow them down To some extent.
[0023]
On the other hand, in the conventional perforated plate 3 ′, since the hole 31 ′ is large, the hole is not covered with water and is always open. Therefore, as shown in FIG. It will be blown to the 1 side.
[0024]
As described above, the inventors considered the relationship between the size and shape of w, w 1 , w 2 , W 1 , W 2, etc. and the hole diameter of the perforated plate or actually observed it by applying rain, If it is about 3mm or less, when W 1 etc. reaches the hole part, it spreads around the edge of the hole, crosses the hole, covers the hole without entering the hole, and normal rain intrusion It was found that it can be effectively prevented. And about such an effect, the porous board which has the hole diameter of various sizes was made as an experiment, and it confirmed by the experiment shown below.
[0025]
FIG. 4 shows a water droplet permeability curve summarizing the implementation state and results of a simulated rainwater permeation experiment by watering using a shower, and Table 1 shows the experimental data obtained for each type of specimen used in this experiment. .
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004743678
In this experiment, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the perforated plate 3 is inclined by approximately 60 °, and about 4 liters of water per minute is formed from above at an angle of approximately 30 ° to 30 ° with the shower S. Water was sprayed for about 1 minute, the portion of the outer surface (A) that flowed down the front surface side of the porous plate 3, the portion of the rear surface (B) that flowed down from the hole 31 through the rear surface, and the permeation (C) that passed through the hole 31 of the porous plate. The amount of water accumulated in each of the portions was measured, and this was carried out for seven types of perforated plates A to G having different pore diameters, and the data in Table 1 and the water droplet permeability curve shown in FIG. 4B were obtained.
[0027]
According to this experimental result, it was found that when the hole diameter of the perforated plate is 3 mm or less, the amount of water permeation from the holes of the perforated plate decreases rapidly. It was also found that the amount of water traveling on the back surface (b) was significantly reduced. That is, by making practical use of practical properties of water and making the aperture size of the perforated plate approximately 3 mm, water intrusion into the sound-absorbing material could be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional case. And by reducing the amount of water intrusion in this way, the drying action by natural evaporation of water becomes effective, the amount of water that freezes and thaws after raining is significantly reduced, and the deterioration of sound absorbing material is almost completely promoted. Can be prevented.
[0028]
In the above experiment, water was applied to the perforated plate tilted at 60 ° using a shower from a right angle or almost from above, so the experimental conditions were considerably harsh compared to normal rain. The amount of intrusion is estimated to be considerably larger than that of normal rain. Therefore, it is presumed that by making the hole diameter of the perforated plate about 3 mm or less, rain intrusion can be prevented almost completely against actual rainfall.
[0029]
As described above, if the hole diameter of the perforated plate is 3 mm or less, rainwater can be effectively prevented from entering, but if the hole diameter is reduced, the sound absorption performance may be affected. On the other hand, the inventors conducted a comparative test of the sound absorbing performance in the case where a porous plate having a pore diameter of 2.5 mm was provided and the case where no porous plate was provided in the sound absorbing panel, and obtained the results shown in FIG. A summary of the test conditions and results of this test is as follows.
[0030]
Test method: reverberation room test specimen size 2 mx 4 m according to JIS A1409
Plate thickness: 0.8mm
Pore diameter: 2.5 mm Opening ratio without perforated plate: 22% 100%
Sound absorption frequency = 250HZ: 0.96 0.98
Frequency = 500HZ: 0.96 0.99
Frequency = 1000HZ: 0.99 0.99
(Frequency is center frequency of octave band (HZ))
According to the above experiment, it was confirmed that the sound absorbing performance hardly deteriorated even when the hole diameter of the perforated plate was 2.5 mm and the aperture ratio was 23%.
[0031]
As described above, by setting the hole diameter to approximately 3 mm or less, it is possible to prevent rainwater from entering without deteriorating the sound absorption performance. However, for example, in a sound absorbing panel actually installed on a soundproof wall of a road or the like, the main deposit in the hole is soot and dust, so that the sound absorbing performance is hardly deteriorated by these. Moreover, since the perforated plate has sufficient strength, clogging of holes can be easily dealt with by washing with water or the like.
[0032]
FIG. 6 shows another example of a sound absorbing panel to which the present invention is applied.
The sound absorbing panel of this example includes a spacer 5 as a spacing member in addition to that of FIG. The spacer 5 is provided so as to keep the space between the sound absorbing panel covered with the nonwoven fabric and the perforated plate 3 and to allow water to fall downward from above. That is, in this example, a vertical plate 51 is formed by combining a horizontal plate 52 narrower than the width of this plate, and a space 53 is provided between the perforated plate 3 and this portion is placed in the position of the horizontal plate. In the fall passage. The dropped water is discharged outside through a hole (not shown) opened in the frame plate 4 shown in FIG.
[0033]
By providing such a spacer 5, water that may enter the back surface 33 of the porous plate 3 can be dropped downward from the back surface 33 or the front end portion of the horizontal plate 52, particularly when the weather is severe. . As a result, it is possible to reliably prevent a problem that rainwater is directly applied to the nonwoven fabric 2 and the sound absorbing material 1 to cause the rainwater to penetrate into and enter the sound absorbing material 1 due to a capillary phenomenon or the like.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the sound absorbing panel has a structure having the sound absorbing material, the cover member, and the porous plate provided on the sound absorbing side, and the size of the hole of the porous plate is set. Since it is about 3 mm or less, it uses various characteristics such as the size of rain water droplets and the operation state after rain has landed on the surface of the perforated plate of the sound absorbing panel. Rain penetration can be greatly limited.
[0035]
That is, if the hole diameter is about 3 mm or less, the water droplets or water flow that falls on the surface of the perforated plate and collects or flows along the periphery of the hole and closes the hole. As in the conventional 10 mm hole, Will not split and fall at the edge of the hole, and will not enter the hole with the sound absorbing material. The experiment confirmed that the upper limit hole diameter at which such a rainwater intrusion effect appears remarkably is approximately 3 mm.
[0036]
In this way, by greatly restricting the intrusion of rainwater into the sound absorbing material, the amount of intrusion is stopped to the extent that natural evaporation is possible, and the intruding water in the sound absorbing material in cold regions and other areas in winter It is possible to prevent deterioration of the sound-absorbing material due to repeated freezing and thawing, and prevent the life from being shortened. In addition, by using a perforated plate as a surface material for shaping and holding the sound absorbing material, there is no deterioration of the material in a short period of time as in the case of airtight sheet materials such as film materials and resin materials of the prior art, and the sound absorbing panel as a whole is sufficient. Durability can be imparted. Also, it is not necessary to replace the film.
[0037]
In addition, it was confirmed by experiments etc. that the influence on the sound absorption performance by direct or hole blockage by making the hole diameter smaller than before hardly poses a problem.
[0038]
In the invention of claim 2, since the interval holding member is provided to maintain the interval between the cover member covering the sound absorbing material and the perforated plate, water can be dropped from the upper side to the lower side. In addition, water that may enter through the holes of the perforated plate can be dropped downward by the portion between the perforated plate and the spacing member. As a result, it is possible to more reliably prevent a problem that rainwater enters the sound absorbing material via the cover member due to a capillary phenomenon or the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A and 1B show a configuration example of a sound absorbing panel to which the present invention is applied, wherein FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view, FIG. 1B is a perspective view, and FIG. 1C is a front view showing an example of arrangement of holes in a perforated plate.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are explanatory views of a state where rain adheres to the surface of a perforated plate, in which FIGS. 2A and 2C show a side surface state, and FIGS.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the state of rain attached to the surface of a perforated plate, wherein (a), (c), (e) and (f) are side views, and (b) and (d) are front views.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are an explanatory diagram showing an experimental state of a watering experiment on the surface of a perforated plate and a curve diagram showing an experimental result.
FIG. 5 is a curve diagram showing the result of a comparison test of the sound absorption rate of the sound absorption panel.
6A and 6B show another configuration example of a sound absorbing panel to which the present invention is applied, in which FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view, FIG. 6B is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Sound absorbing material 2 Non-woven fabric (cover member)
3 Perforated plate 5 Spacer (Spacing member)
31 Hole F Surface side (Sound absorption side surface)

Claims (1)

吸音材と、
該吸音材を囲い音を通過可能なシート状のカバー部材と、
1〜3mmの寸法の多数の孔を備えていて、当該多数の孔のピッチが4〜6mmであり、前記カバー部材の外面であって前記吸音材の吸音側の面に設けられた多孔板と、
前記カバー部材と前記多孔板との間隔を保持すると共に上方から下方に水を落下可能にするように設けられた間隔保持部材と、
を有し、
前記間隔保持部材は、
前記多孔板の幅方向に所定間隔をおいて配置される複数の縦板と、
隣接する複数の前記縦板の間に配置され、前記多孔板との間に空間部をあけて、下方に傾斜する複数の横板と、
で構成されている、吸音パネル。
A sound absorbing material,
A sheet-like cover member that can surround the sound-absorbing material and pass sound;
A perforated plate provided with a plurality of holes having dimensions of 1 to 3 mm, the pitch of the plurality of holes being 4 to 6 mm, provided on the outer surface of the cover member and on the sound absorbing side of the sound absorbing material; ,
An interval holding member provided to hold the interval between the cover member and the perforated plate and to allow water to fall downward from above;
Have
The spacing member is
A plurality of vertical plates arranged at predetermined intervals in the width direction of the porous plate;
A plurality of horizontal plates that are disposed between the plurality of adjacent vertical plates, are spaced downward with a space between the perforated plates, and
A sound-absorbing panel consisting of
JP2001270519A 2001-09-06 2001-09-06 Sound absorption panel Expired - Fee Related JP4743678B2 (en)

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JP2007262765A (en) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-11 Yamaha Corp Sound absorbing material and sound absorbing panel
JP5053209B2 (en) * 2008-08-29 2012-10-17 株式会社エクセルシャノン Water drop falling sound reducing device and projecting structure to which this reducing device is attached
JP5613579B2 (en) * 2011-02-09 2014-10-22 日野自動車株式会社 Horn structure for vehicles
CN113722654B (en) * 2021-09-01 2023-03-17 山西佳十环保科技有限公司 Method for calculating waterproof/dust aperture of sound barrier

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US5709053A (en) * 1994-05-23 1998-01-20 Zeon Kasei Co., Ltd Panel for constituting sound insulating wall
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