JP4744157B2 - Bag culture method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cultivation method and a culture medium in facility horticulture, and more particularly to a bag culture method for cultivating a culture medium isolated from the culture medium, and a bag culture medium formed by enclosing a light soil in a predetermined bag used in the cultivation method. . Here, the bag culture method is to mix light weight soil such as bark compost, pumice, peat moss, vermiculite and earth and sand at an appropriate blending ratio in order to give an appropriate medium water retention and water permeability. This is a cultivation method in which the bag medium is enclosed in a bag and used for cultivation.

  Crop production in conventional ground cultivation (cultivation method that is planted in the soil of the field) makes it difficult to control irrigation due to fluctuations in the surrounding groundwater level and soil conditions with poor drainage, not only reducing crop quality but also withering There are many examples that cause a significant decrease in sales due to the occurrence of soil diseases such as diseases. In soil disease countermeasures, grafting seedlings and soil disinfection using resistant rootstocks are carried out, but the introduction of grafting seedlings is about twice as expensive as self-rooting seedlings, and it can be easily used for soil disinfection. The use of methyl bromide with strong soil disinfecting power has been banned since 2005, and the current situation is that it is struggling with alternatives.

  In order to solve these problems, isolated floor cultivation (cultivation method that is isolated from the ground with a cultivation container composed of concrete panels, FRP, polyethylene, polystyrene foam, etc.), or hydroponics (rock wool cultivation or hydroponics) However, the installation cost is very expensive, and advanced technology and labor are required for cultivation. There was a problem that a lot of liquid was discharged.

  On the other hand, a bag cultivation method called bag culture has recently been proposed (see Non-Patent Document 1). This bag culture is a form in which fertilizer bags are reused, the bags are filled with earth and sand, and one crop is cultivated in one bag. This is a very convenient cultivation method because it is not necessary, is easy to install, is inexpensive to install, and can be removed on a bag-by-bag basis even if a soil disease occurs.

In addition, as a conventional technique related to a bag culture medium in which a bag is filled with soil, a planter-forming material composed of a film (see Patent Document 1) or a bag in which culture soil is filled in a polyolefin film (patent) However, these are all for home gardening, and it takes time and effort to manage fertilizers and irrigation when used as a facility horticulture by farmers.
http: // www. oceantrading. co. jp / farm / link / b-system. htm JP-A-10-23834 (page 3, FIG. 1) JP 2001-157517 A (page 4, FIG. 1)

  As described above, since the fertilizer bag is reused in the above-mentioned bag culture, the bag body is not breathable because it is made of ordinary vinyl or other synthetic resin, and the soil in the bag is likely to be excessively humid. It was. Similarly, the planter-forming material and the polyolefin film bag lacked air permeability.

  In addition, the greater the amount of soil per bag, the greater the amount of water retained, and irrigation control is facilitated by increasing the amount of soil, but on the other hand, the overall weight increases, so it is transported to horticultural facilities. It took a lot of labor for installation and lacked simplicity. Furthermore, in addition to the cost that must be spent for transportation and installation, considering the necessary number of bags for the fixed planting number per cultivation area and the labor for cultivation management for each bag, the appropriate per bag It was necessary to consider the soil volume and the number of planted trees.

  Furthermore, in bag cultivation such as bag culture, the cultivation soil is independent for each bag, and even if soil diseases occur, it can be removed for each bag to minimize damage, but liquid fertilizer for each bag. If the amount of water supply and irrigation was not uniform, the growth was uneven. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 7, the conventional drip irrigation employs a drip nozzle system that branches from the drip irrigation main pipe 10 into several drip irrigation branch pipes 9 and irrigates the planted seedling 7 stock. Therefore, the amount of water supply varied depending on the distance of the piping and the drip position, and uniform cultivation was not possible.

  In addition, the general irrigation management method is to first determine the amount of water consumed per day for the crop, and the farmer sets the irrigation start time and irrigation time with a timer etc. and irrigates in several times. Appropriate irrigation control was difficult to cope with the water demand that fluctuated depending on the weather change and crop growth stage of the day. For this reason, in rock wool cultivation, 20 to 30% of the amount supplied is drained without being absorbed by the crops, and even in bag cultivation, excessive irrigation has caused moisture damage. In particular, according to the three so-called Agricultural Environmental Laws enacted in July 1999, the outflow of nitrate nitrogen, which is considered to be a carcinogenic substance, from farmland is prohibited up to 10 mg / L. Agricultural development is required, and an irrigation system with minimal drainage is desired.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and its object is to prevent and prevent moisture damage by using a bag culture medium in which an appropriate amount of soil is enclosed in a bag having good air permeability. It is to provide a bag culture method that enables liquid reduction. Furthermore , the ultimate goal is to establish a low- cost, labor-saving high-quality and high-yield crop cultivation, and to establish stable production techniques for crops that anyone can reduce fertilization and water saving.

Therefore, the bag culture medium used in the present invention has a large number of fine air-permeable holes perforated in part or all of a sheet made of polyethylene or other synthetic resin. The bag body is configured, and a plurality of types of light-weight soil and earth and sand are mixed and mixed in the bag body, and the soil having an overall specific gravity of 0.8 or less is enclosed, and the weight of each bag is 25 kg or less .

  According to the bag culture medium of the said structure, air permeability will be ensured by punching many fine holes in a part or the whole of a sheet | seat. Further, by setting the weight per bag to 25 kg or less, it is easy to carry into the gardening facility, and the installation work in the gardening facility is also facilitated. In order to realize such weight, the specific gravity of the whole soil is set to 0.8 or less, and in order to construct this kind of soil, light weight soil such as bark compost, pumice, peat moss, vermiculite and earth and sand are used appropriately. It is supposed to be mixed at a proper blending ratio. Furthermore, since the medium volume per bag is 30 liters, planting 4 strains of fruits and vegetables using this 30 liter as a guideline ensures cultivation economic costs and provides moderate water retention and water permeability. It is realized.

  In addition, the amount of soil in small-scale medium cultivation reported so far was 15 liters per strain at the Shiga Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station. Since the planting is carried out, the necessary amount of soil for crop cultivation can be greatly reduced to 7.5 liters per strain, which is half of the above. In other words, the greatest merit that can be stably produced by the present invention is that 4 strains are cultivated in a 30-liter medium, and compared with the case where one strain is cultivated in a 7.5-liter medium that is individually independent. Crab yield is high and stable production is possible. In other words, the four crop roots in the present invention have roots in the whole 30 liters of soil, and the root area culture volume controlled by one strain is 30 liters itself. It is completely different from cultivating other crops.

The bag culture medium used in the present invention has a large number of fine holes of 0.5 mm or less having air permeability in part or all of a sheet made of polyethylene or other synthetic resin and having a thickness of 0.22 mm or less. Perforated, this sheet constitutes a bag body with a capacity of 30 liters as a guide, and a plurality of light-weight soil and earth and sand are mixed and mixed in this bag body to enclose the soil with an overall specific gravity of 0.8 or less, Some bags have a weight of 25 kg or less .

  According to the bag culture medium having the above configuration, the bag enclosing the medium has sufficient durability and flexibility, and installation work of the bag culture medium in the horticultural facility (handling of the bag culture medium and adjustment of the installation direction, etc.) It becomes simple. In addition, by setting the fine holes perforated in a part or all of the sheet to 0.5 mm or less, only gas is allowed to pass, and air permeability can be ensured. The fine holes do not allow soil or water to pass through.

The present invention is a bag culture cultivation method using any one of the above-mentioned bag culture media, comprising a ground sheet for suppressing dust from ground soil having weeds and soil diseases on the entire surface of the ground in a facility horticulture field that has been leveled. A belt-shaped root-proof permeable sheet for laying and preventing the root of the crop to be cultivated from entering the range of the surface of the ground sheet to be aligned with the bag culture medium. The bag culture medium is arranged in a line at regular intervals on the upper surface of the belt-shaped root-proof permeation sheet, and a plurality of strains are heat-treated at a predetermined size and at predetermined intervals on the upper surface of the bag body of each bag culture medium. The gist of the present invention is a bag culture method characterized in that a hole for planting a plant is made and planted in the planting hole.

  According to said bag culture medium cultivation method, a liquid supply and irrigation state can be managed for every row | line by arranging the optimal number of bag culture media in a line according to the field area of the gardening facility. In addition, the surface of the bag body can be blown along the edge by heating and contacting a metal instrument having an annular edge against a bag made of polyethylene or other synthetic resin. The annular hole provided by this fusing can be used for planting as a planting hole. Then, the planting work can be performed only by placing the planted seedlings in the planting hole. As mentioned above, when 4 plants are planted in a 30-liter bag culture medium, four planting holes are formed on the upper surface of the bag culture medium (the upper surface when the bag culture medium is installed in a row). It will be provided at appropriate intervals.

  Here, the plant culture in the above invention is a bag culture method that is a planting completed by placing a planted seedling placed in a bottomless pot made of polyethylene or other synthetic resin in the hole for planting. Can do. According to this method, it is possible to perform the fixed planting while maintaining the state accommodated in the pot without taking out the planted seedling from the pot.

Further , the present invention is a bag culture method using any one of the above bag culture media, and a ground for suppressing dust from ground soil having weeds and soil diseases on the entire surface of the ground in a facility horticulture field. A belt-like root-prevention for laying a sheet and preventing the root of the crop to be cultivated from entering the ground in the field within the range of the surface of the ground sheet where the bag culture medium is to be aligned A permeable sheet is laid, and the bag culture media are arranged in a line at regular intervals on the upper surface of the belt-shaped root-proof permeable sheet, and a plurality of bags are formed on the upper surface of each bag culture medium at a predetermined size and by heat treatment at predetermined intervals. The planting holes for planting the plant crops are opened in several places, and one planted seedling in a bottomless pot made of polyethylene or other synthetic resin is placed in the planting holes in the above several locations. place of each planting, the Mu A drip irrigation tube having one drip hole for one planted seedling is placed on the pot of the plant, and the drip irrigation tube provides liquid fertilizer and irrigation necessary for crop growth. The gist of the method is to cultivate the bag culture medium, which is characterized by fixing the planted seedlings with the weight of.

  According to the above bag culture method, liquid fertilizer supply and irrigation for planted seedlings planted in a bottomless pot can be supplied from the drip hole provided in the main drip irrigation tube, using a branch pipe Compared to the case, the liquid fertilizer supply and irrigation can be made more uniform and stable. In addition, the fixed seedlings planted in the bottomless pot is in a state where the pot is placed in the hole for planting of the bag body, but by fixing the pot by applying the weight of the drip irrigation tube to the pot. It will contribute to.

  Here, while comparing the water condition of the soil detected by the soil moisture sensor installed in the bag medium with the suitable water condition of the medium set for each crop growth stage, This is an irrigation that reduces the amount of irrigation once in accordance with the water retention capacity of the inside, and suppresses the leaching or drainage of fertilizer from the bag medium due to the excessive irrigation amount, improving the fertilization efficiency and irrigation efficiency It is configured as an environmental conservation type.

  With such a configuration, excessive liquid fertilizer supply and irrigation into the bag medium is suppressed, and fertilizer leaching or drainage is suppressed. For such irrigation control, an irrigation control device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-281842 (Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-92706) is used. This irrigation control device is a device for realizing a small amount and high frequency irrigation method, and by using this device, a bag using the above-mentioned bag culture medium in which the amount of root area soil per strain is greatly reduced. Medium culture method can be realized. As the soil moisture sensor, a tensiometer disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-286711 (Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-92707) can be used. By using this tensiometer, the amount of soil water in the bag medium can be detected with high accuracy and low cost.

  Further, the drip irrigation tube in the above invention is a drip irrigation tube having drip holes having a constant discharge amount within a predetermined use water pressure range and provided at regular intervals, and among the drip holes of this drip irrigation tube In addition, the drip holes that are no longer necessary are closed so that the discharge position is matched according to the planting interval of the crop.

  According to such a configuration, by performing simultaneous irrigation at a predetermined pressure or higher, it is possible to eliminate a drop-off phenomenon when stopping water at a predetermined pressure or lower. In order to discharge a certain amount within such a predetermined working pressure range, an infusion irrigation tube having a pressure correction mechanism is used. Note that dripping is the phenomenon in which when the water pressure in the drip irrigation tube ceases, the remaining water in the drip irrigation tube concentrates in the lower part of the drip irrigation tube and drops dripping from the drip hole in the vicinity. In addition to causing uneven growth, it can also cause moisture damage. The drip irrigation tube having a pressure correction mechanism refers to a drip irrigation tube having a configuration that does not drip from the drip hole unless the pressure is higher than a predetermined pressure.

  Furthermore, the present invention concerning the bag culture method is the bag culture method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein after harvesting from the crop body, the boundary between the bottomless pot and the bag culture is defined. Cut with saw blade, scissors, other cutting equipment, remove the crop body after harvesting together with the bottomless pot, leave the crop root in the bag medium, leave it to dry, and The gist is a bag culture method characterized in that the planted seedlings placed in a pot are planted in the same place and repeated for a plurality of years.

  According to this bag culture method, it is not necessary to pull out the stock after completion of harvesting as in the case of ground cultivation or to change the planting position as in the case of isolated floor cultivation. That is, the crop body except for the crop root can be removed by simply cutting the boundary between the bottomless pot and the bag medium, while the crop root remaining in the bag medium is used to grow the next planting plant. At the same time, it will be humus in the bag medium. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the period from the removal of the crop body to the planting of the next crop, and the field utilization efficiency can be increased. It is also possible to plant the next crop after leaving it for a long time to sufficiently rot the crop roots.

  On the other hand, according to the bag culture medium cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to cultivate with a small amount of liquid fertilizer supply and irrigation. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent moisture damage caused by excessive liquid fertilizer supply and irrigation, prevent leaching and drainage of the fertilizer, and reduce drainage from the bag medium. In particular, the present invention does not apply the original fertilizer, but the fertilizer consumed on the day is mixed with the liquid fertilizer once in the early morning with the liquid fertilizer. An amount of fertilizer according to conditions and the like can be supplied at a low concentration, and the EC (electric conductivity) of the soil during the growing period is kept small, resulting in less residual fertilizer and stabilizing the growth.

  In addition, soil moisture can be accurately detected using the above tensiometer, and irrigation can be appropriately performed according to weather changes and growth stages by controlling irrigation using the above-described automatic irrigation control device based on the detected value. Therefore, it is possible to construct a crop cultivation system that eliminates excessive irrigation and causes little or no drainage.

  In addition, by using a bottomless pot, the planting work can be done by simply placing the bottomless pot in the hole for planting, so that the planted seedlings placed in the bottomless pot can be planted. In, the crop can be removed simply by cutting the boundary between the bottomless pot and the bag. Therefore, the planting work and the removal work are simple and quick.

  According to the above invention, it is possible to provide soil that is not affected by soil conditions and is resistant to soil diseases, and can realize low-cost and labor-saving high-quality and high-yield crop cultivation. In addition, everyone contributes to the establishment of stable production techniques for crops while enabling fertilizer reduction and water saving.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiment of the present invention relating to the bag culture method is based on the bag culture that can realize low cost among the isolation cultures, and the small amount using the irrigation control by the soil moisture sensor while introducing the hydroponic culture It is a new bag culture method that uses a high-frequency irrigation method and uses a drip irrigation tube.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the components of the present embodiment include a ground sheet 1, a root-permeable permeable sheet 2, a bag culture medium 3, a planting hole 8 provided by heat treatment, and a planting in this planting hole. The planted seedling 7 placed in the bottomless pot 5 to be formed, the drip irrigation tube 6 disposed on the bottomless pot, the soil moisture sensor 14, and the irrigation controller 17.

  The ground sheet 1 is laid to suppress dust from the ground soil having weeds and soil diseases, and is provided on the entire ground in the leveled facility horticulture field. The root-permeable permeable sheet 2 is for preventing crop roots from entering the ground in the field, and a sheet having water permeability is laid in a belt shape along the row of the bag culture medium 3 to be installed. It is what is done.

  The bag culture medium 3 is a 50 cm × 30 cm × 20 cm (capacity 30 liter) bag in which about 19 kg of soil is enclosed, and the length direction of the bag culture medium 3 matches the longitudinal direction of the root-proof permeable sheet 2. It is arranged in. Here, an embodiment of the bag culture medium 3 will be described. The bag body is made of a lightweight medium such as bark compost, pumice, peat moss, vermiculite, and masa soil (weather of granite, also called mackerel soil). A medium formed by mixing at an appropriate mixing ratio is enclosed. The medium to be encapsulated has an overall specific gravity of 0.64. By enclosing 30 liters of the medium in a bag, the total weight of the bag medium 3 is about 19 kg. The bag body is made of a polyethylene sheet having a thickness of 0.13 mm, and a large number of fine holes having a diameter of about 0.06 mm are perforated in strips at intervals of 5 mm in the vertical and horizontal directions. The sheet constituting the bag is preferably made of polyethylene, but other synthetic resins can be used. In addition, as a result of examining various sheets, the wall thickness is 0.22 mm or less, and there is sufficient flexibility. In addition, when trying to insert crop roots while changing the size of the micropores, the diameter is If it is 0.5 mm or less, crop roots will not be inserted.

  In addition, when the long side direction (50 cm direction) of the bag culture medium 3 is linearly arranged by setting the size of the bag culture medium as described above, if the distance between the centers thereof is 80 cm, they are adjacent to each other. The end surface of the bag culture medium 3 is 30 cm apart.

  Four planting holes 8 are provided on the upper surface of the bag culture medium 3 (see FIG. 1). This is because four plants are planned to be planted per bag medium. The fixed planting hole 8 is a circular hole having a diameter of 10 cm, and is formed by fusing the surface of the bag body into a circle. This fusing is performed by, for example, heating a metal member having an annular edge shaped like an empty can and bringing the edge into contact with the sheet surface. It is also possible to form a circular hole by melting and removing the area corresponding to the fixed planting hole 8. In this case, for example, charcoal fire is put into a bottomed cylindrical container shaped like an empty can, the bottom surface of the cylindrical container is heated, and the bottom surface of the cylindrical container is brought into contact with a position where the planting hole 8 is to be provided. Thus, it is possible to melt and remove the sheet portion in the range. The planting holes 8 are provided at four locations on the upper surface of the bag medium 3 with a center distance of 20 cm in the length direction and a center distance of 17 cm in the width direction. The planting holes 8 are provided so as to be arranged at four corners of a rectangle with the long sides in the same direction inside the substantially rectangular shape on the upper surface of the bag culture medium 3.

  The bottomless pot 5 is a bottomed pot made of polyethylene of size 3 (diameter 9 cm) containing fixed planting seedlings, and only the bottom thereof is cut out. The bottomed pot itself has a tapered side surface with a small diameter from the upper opening toward the bottom, and the planted seedling does not fall from the bottom by cutting off the bottom. When planting using the bottomless pot 5 configured as described above, the pot 5 is simply placed in the above-described planting hole 8 (see FIG. 2). In addition, in order to make the fixed planting seedling 7 which entered the bottomless pot 5, the fixed planting seedling 7 was grown from the beginning using the bottomless (bottom cut off) pot 5, or was grown in a bottomed pot pot. The planted seedlings may be transferred to the bottomless pot 5 at the time of planting.

  The crop planted by the bottomless pot 5 as described above is present inside the bottomless pot 5 even after sufficiently growing as shown in FIG. Therefore, in the work of removing and removing the crop body after harvesting, the crop body and the crop root can be separated by cutting the boundary between the bottomless pot 5 and the bag medium 3 with a saw blade or a cutting shear. it can. Then, the harvested crops can be cleared together with the bottomless pot 5. On the other hand, the crop roots remain inside the bag medium 3, but the crop roots gradually humate inside the bag medium 3, so that the crop roots remain in the bag medium 3. It can be used again as a bag culture medium. In addition, it is only necessary to place the above-mentioned bottomless pot 5 in the planting hole in the planting at this time, and by repeating this, the same bag culture medium 3 is used over a period of 3 to 5 years while using the same bag medium 3. Can be cultivated.

Drip irrigation tube 6, the stop pressure is at 0.14kgf / cm ^2, has a pressure compensation function of discharging a fixed amount within the operating pressure range of 1~4kgf / cm ^2, to allow simultaneous waterproofing At the same time, the dripping phenomenon at the time of water stoppage is eliminated, and a predetermined amount is discharged at the time of simultaneous watering. The drip irrigation tube used in the present embodiment is one having a discharge rate of about 26.7 cc per minute at a working pressure in the range of 1 to 4 kgf / cm ² (for example, Uniram 17 manufactured by Netafim) ). When this drip irrigation tube is used, 200 cc of water can be irrigated in about 7.5 minutes. The drip irrigation tube 6 is provided with drip holes 12 at intervals of 20 cm, and the inner wall of the drip irrigation tube 6 is equipped with a pressure correction mechanism at the same intervals of 20 cm as the drip holes 12. Each drip hole 12 opens at the surface of the drip irrigation tube 6 via the pressure correction mechanism. Among these, the drip hole 12 at the position where the planted seedling 7 is to be planted is opened as it is, and the other drip holes 13 are closed.

  This blockage is made by a stopper 11 as shown in FIG. The stopper 11 is a resin member having a configuration in which a protrusion is provided on the inner wall of the C-shaped belt-like body. By expanding the distance between both ends of the stopper 11, the stopper can be attached to the drip irrigation tube 6, and the protruding portion of the inner wall can be inserted into the infusion hole 13 at the time of attachment. And when this protrusion part is inserted in the drip hole 13, the said drip hole 13 is obstruct | occluded. In this embodiment, since the center-to-center distance of the bag culture medium 3 is set to 80 cm, two planting holes 8 provided on the upper surface of the bag culture medium 3 in the longitudinal direction are provided at intervals of 20 cm, so The middle of the working hole 8 is 60 cm apart. Therefore, the water can be stopped within the range of 60 cm by closing two portions of the drip hole 13. In addition, it is possible to irrigate the crops planted respectively from the two drip holes 12 that match the interval between the planting holes 8 provided at two locations above the bag medium 3.

  The soil moisture sensor 14 is installed in a representative one of the bag culture media 3 installed in the field (see FIG. 3). The reason why the soil moisture sensor 14 is not installed in each bag medium 3 is to control at low cost first, and secondly, it is complicated to control the amount of water for each bag medium 3. Inefficiency, third, the difference in soil moisture depends mainly on the degree of sunshine, which is considered to be almost the same in the same field, and fourth, unifying the amount of irrigation This is because the soil moisture state of each bag medium 3 is estimated to be uniform.

  Therefore, in the irrigation, when the water content detected by the soil water sensor 14 is smaller than the optimum medium water content set by the irrigation controller 17, it is determined that the soil is in a dry state, and the electromagnetic valve 19 for irrigation is turned on. A small amount of irrigation of 200 cc per crop is performed at one time. In the present embodiment, four strains are planted per bag of the bag culture medium 3, so that the irrigation supplies an irrigation amount of 800 cc per bag of the bag culture medium 3. These amounts of irrigation are very small compared to the total volume of 30 liters of the bag culture medium 3, and the irrigation that permeates the medium does not become excessive and naturally suppresses the generation of drainage. .

  Since this embodiment is configured as described above, by cultivating 4 strains on about 30 liters of soil, the yield is much higher than when cultivating 1 strain on 7.5 liters of medium. Many stable production becomes possible. In other words, the roots of the 4 crops are firmly rooted in the entire 30 liters of soil (see Fig. 5). It is more efficient than the bag culture that grows crops of stocks. In addition, while the minimum value of the amount of soil in small-volume medium cultivation reported so far was 15 liters, in this embodiment, it is 7.5 liters per strain, greatly reducing the amount of soil required for crop cultivation. It will be possible. Furthermore, low-cost and labor-saving crop cultivation is realized, and it is possible to establish stable production techniques for crops while enabling fertilizer reduction and water saving.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention, a different aspect can be taken. For example, the bag culture medium 3 in the above-described embodiment is preliminarily formed with fine holes for ensuring air permeability, and after the bag culture medium 3 is installed, only the planting hole 8 is drilled. However, it is possible to use a bag culture medium having a configuration in which a drainage hole for allowing drainage to flow into the bag body is formed. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, when the side surfaces 31 and 32 of the bag body of the bag culture medium 3 are installed facing up and down, one end of the seal portions 33 and 34 of the bag body is present at the bottom. (See FIG. 6 (b)), the drainage hole 20 can be formed by cutting out the triangular portion 21 having a side of about 2-3 cm near one end of the seal portion (see FIG. 6 (c)).

  As described above, the drain hole 20 is formed when the amount of absorption by the crop body decreases due to a sudden change in weather conditions or when the bag medium 3 is sampled (provided with a soil moisture sensor). This is to prepare for a case where watering is unexpectedly excessive, such as when it is overhumid rather than soil moisture. That is, when irrigation becomes excessive unexpectedly, if it is left without being discharged, it causes root rot and the like, so that only this excess can be discharged. Therefore, when an appropriate amount of irrigation is supplied, the drainage does not flow out from the drainage hole 20 and functions as a so-called safety valve. In addition, since the ground sheet 1 and the root prevention sheet 2 are laid on the ground in the field, even if the crop root comes out from the drainage hole 20, the crop root will not reach the soil in the field. There is no risk of being contaminated by soil diseases.

  Moreover, as another aspect, as shown in FIG. 2, it may be set as the structure which provides the thermal insulation sheet | seat 4 so that the whole periphery of the bag culture medium 3 may be covered. The purpose of this heat shield sheet 4 is to suppress the internal temperature of the bag culture medium 3 and the drip irrigation tube 6 from unnecessarily rising during the summer period and to keep the temperature warm during the winter period. It is. Therefore, after placing the bottomless pot 5 and installing the drip irrigation tube 6, when the heat shield sheet 4 is provided so as to cover the whole, the heat shield sheet is maintained throughout the year by maintaining that state. The effect of 4 can be acquired. However, the heat shield sheet 4 is not an essential member and can be laid or removed repeatedly according to the state of the field. In addition, in order to expose the surface vicinity of the bottomless pot 5 outward from the heat shield sheet 4, a slit, a round hole, etc. are provided in the said part.

  Since this embodiment concerning a bag culture method is as above, the concrete implementation procedure of the cultivation method based on this embodiment is as follows.

  1. A ground sheet 1 is laid on the entire surface of the ground in the facility horticulture field. A root-preventing sheet 2 is laid in a band shape in the surface of the ground sheet 1 in a range where the bag medium 3 is to be aligned. The bag culture medium 3 is aligned on the upper surface of the root-preventing sheet 2 while maintaining the center-to-center distance at 80 cm. At this time, the bag culture medium 3 having a length of 50 cm, a width of 30 cm, and a depth of 20 cm is used, and the long side direction thereof is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the root prevention sheet 2.

  2. A planting hole 8 having a diameter of 10 cm is provided on the upper surface of each of the placed bag culture media 3. The fixed planting holes 8 are provided at a total of four locations with a center distance in the long side direction of 20 cm and a center distance in the width direction of 17 cm. By providing the planting holes 8 in the same manner for all the bag culture media 3, the planting holes 8 are arranged in two rows along the rows of the bag culture media 3. The center-to-center distance is a guideline, and it is not necessary to provide it with an accurate distance.

  3. After the planting holes 8 are provided in the entire bag medium 3, two drip irrigation tubes 6 are placed on the bag medium 3 in each row, and the drip holes 12 are aligned with the two rows of planting holes 8. Piping as follows. At this time, the drip hole 12 is adjusted to substantially the center of the planting hole 8 by adjusting the position where the bag culture medium 3 is arranged. Moreover, the stopper 11 is provided in the drip hole 13 which should be obstruct | occluded in the area where each bag culture medium 3 does not exist.

  4). As described above, when the position of the bag culture medium 3 is finally determined, the drainage holes 20 are formed in one or two places on the bottom of the bag culture medium 3. As described above, the drain hole 20 is provided as a precaution in order to cope with a sudden change in conditions. Therefore, when it is determined that the drain hole 20 is unnecessary, this step is performed. Omitted.

  4). Next, while lifting the drip irrigation tube 6 piped as described above, a bottomless pot 5 containing the planted seedling 7 is placed in each planting hole 8 and planted, and the top of the bottomless pot 5 is planted. The drip irrigation tube 6 is placed to fix the pot 5, and the drip irrigation tube 6 is positioned.

  5. The representative soil culture medium 3 is selected and the soil moisture sensor 14 is installed, and the soil moisture sensor 14 and the drip irrigation tube 6 are connected to the irrigation controller 17 to control the moisture and to obtain an optimum medium moisture content. Perform irrigation as follows. The optimum amount of medium water at this time is set for each growth stage determined by the type of crop.

  6). The crop is grown until the harvest time under the irrigation control as described above. In addition, the whole bag culture medium 3 is covered with the heat shield sheet 4 as needed.

  7). The harvested crop body is removed together with the bottomless pot 5 by cutting the boundary surface between the bottomless pot 5 and the bag medium 3 with a saw blade or the like. This completes the removal of the crop body, but the bottomless pot 5 is recovered and reused.

  8). In the next crop, the bag culture medium 3 in which the crop root remains is used as it is, and the planted seedling 7 placed in the bottomless pot 5 is placed in the already established planting hole 8 to grow the crop. In addition, the drip irrigation tube 6 can use the same thing as a previous work.

  By the above procedure, the same bag culture medium 3 is used for repeated cultivation for 3 to 5 years. In addition, although the bag culture medium 3 used over several years is discarded, a bag body can be processed as waste plastic and a culture medium can be returned to farmland as an organic matter.

  In the summer, when the medium is subjected to solar heat disinfection, the bag medium 3 from which the crops have been removed can be left in the horticultural facility and the facility can be closed as it is.

  Next, examples of the bag culture method according to the above embodiment will be described. In this example, tomatoes (variety: Momotaro) were cultivated according to the above-described procedure, 4 planted seedlings per bag were planted in a bag culture medium arranged in a plurality of rows, and harvested in the first crop. The tomato yield and quality were measured. As a comparative example, tomatoes of the same variety were simultaneously cultivated in the same horticultural facility by a conventional isolation medium cultivation method. The results are as shown in Tables 1 and 2.

  As shown in Table 1, the number of harvested tomatoes per strain was 24.5, which was the same in both the planted plots of the present invention and the conventional transplanted plots. There were many fixed planting areas, and the average was 5.05 kg.

  In addition, as shown in Table 2, the quality of the planted area according to the present invention tends to increase slightly for malformed fruits and buttocks, but the incidence of hollow fruits is 0%, which is 2. The fruit yield increased by 1%.

  Judging from the above, it was possible to obtain good results in terms of yield and quality. In addition, when we observed from planting to harvesting, it was found that the survival was slightly delayed from the conventional cultivation method, but it was superior to the conventional cultivation method because it was good in yield and quality. It is judged.

  Next, when the water | moisture content change in the bag culture medium in the irrigation control in the said embodiment was test | inspected, the result as shown in Table 3 was able to be obtained.

  Table 3 shows the irrigation control with a pF value of 2.2 as the drying limit and the irrigation control with a pF value of 1.8 as the drying limit, both of which are operating properly and exceeding the set pF value. Drying is suppressed (a larger pF value indicates a dry state). The measured value slightly exceeds the set pF value because there is a time lag until irrigation infiltrates the soil and reaches the soil moisture sensor, and irrigation is started when the set pF value is reached. There is no obstacle to the supply of irrigation to the crop. By performing appropriate irrigation control in this way, it is judged that it is possible to save labor in irrigation management, prevent moisture damage due to excessive irrigation, and suppress the generation of drainage.

It is a top view which shows the bag culture medium periphery by embodiment concerning a bag culture medium cultivation method. It is II-II sectional drawing. It is a side view which shows the bag-medium periphery by embodiment concerning a bag-medium cultivation method. (A) is a perspective view which shows the state of a drip irrigation tube and a stopper, (b) is sectional drawing of the state equipped with the stopper. It is VV sectional drawing. It is explanatory drawing which shows the bag culture medium used for other embodiment. It is a top view which shows the conventional irrigation method.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ground sheet 2 Root-proof permeation sheet 3 Bag culture medium 4 Heat insulation sheet 5 Bottomless pot 6 Drip irrigation tube 7 Planting seedling 8 Planting hole 9 Drip irrigation branch 10 Drip irrigation main 11 Plug stopper 12 Drip hole 13 Suction drip hole 14 Soil moisture sensor 15 Liquid fertilizer mixer 16 Liquid fertilizer controller 17 Irrigation controller 18 Liquid fertilizer solenoid valve 19 Irrigation solenoid valve 20 Drain hole

Claims (9)

A part of or all of a sheet made of polyethylene or other synthetic resin is perforated with a lot of fine holes having air permeability, and this sheet constitutes a bag body with a capacity of 30 liters. It is a bag culture method that uses a bag culture medium that mixes and mixes various types of lightweight culture soil and earth and sand and encloses culture medium having a total specific gravity of 0.8 or less, and has a weight of 25 kg or less per bag ,
A ground sheet for suppressing dust from the ground soil having weeds and soil diseases is laid on the entire surface of the ground in the facility horticulture field, and the bag medium on the surface of the ground sheet is to be aligned. Furthermore, a belt-like root-proof permeable sheet for preventing the root of the crop to be cultivated from entering the ground in the field is laid, and the bag culture medium is placed on the upper surface of the belt-shaped root-proof permeable sheet at regular intervals. A bag characterized by arranging a plurality of crop planting holes by heat treatment at predetermined intervals on a bag upper surface of each bag culture medium in a predetermined size by a heat treatment at a predetermined interval, and planting the planted in the planting holes Medium culture method. A number of fine holes of 0.5 mm or less having air permeability are perforated in part or all of a sheet made of polyethylene or other synthetic resin and having a thickness of 0.22 mm or less. This bag body is composed of a plurality of light-weight soil and earth and sand mixed with and mixed with soil with a total specific gravity of 0.8 or less, and a bag medium with a weight of 25 kg or less per bag is used. A bag culture method
A ground sheet for suppressing dust from the ground soil having weeds and soil diseases is laid on the entire surface of the ground in the facility horticulture field, and the bag medium on the surface of the ground sheet is to be aligned. Furthermore, a belt-like root-proof permeable sheet for preventing the root of the crop to be cultivated from entering the ground in the field is laid, and the bag culture medium is placed on the upper surface of the belt-shaped root-proof permeable sheet at regular intervals. A bag characterized by arranging a plurality of crop planting holes by heat treatment at predetermined intervals on a bag upper surface of each bag culture medium in a predetermined size by a heat treatment at a predetermined interval, and planting the planted in the planting holes Medium culture method. The method for cultivating a bag culture medium according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the planting is a planting that is completed by placing a planted seedling placed in a bottomless pot made of polyethylene or other synthetic resin in the hole for planting. . A part of or all of a sheet made of polyethylene or other synthetic resin is perforated with a lot of fine holes having air permeability, and this sheet constitutes a bag body with a capacity of 30 liters. It is a bag culture method that uses a bag culture medium that mixes and mixes various types of lightweight culture soil and earth and sand and encloses culture medium having a total specific gravity of 0.8 or less, and has a weight of 25 kg or less per bag,
A ground sheet for suppressing dust from the ground soil having weeds and soil diseases is laid on the entire surface of the ground in the facility horticulture field, and the bag medium on the surface of the ground sheet is to be aligned. Furthermore, a belt-like root-proof permeable sheet for preventing the root of the crop to be cultivated from entering the ground in the field is laid, and the bag culture medium is placed on the upper surface of the belt-shaped root-proof permeable sheet at regular intervals. Arranged in rows, on the upper surface of each bag medium bag, drilled in several places for planting multiple plants by heat treatment at a predetermined size and at predetermined intervals, made of polyethylene or other One planted seedling placed in a bottomless pot made of synthetic resin is placed in each of the above-mentioned several planting holes and planted, and 1 planted seedling per 1 planted seedling is placed on the bottomless pot. Drip irrigation chews with four drip holes The arranged, as well as liquid fertilizer water supply and irrigation required crop growth by its drip irrigation tubes, bags medium cultivation method, characterized in that to fix the planting seedlings weight of the drip irrigation tube. A number of fine holes of 0.5 mm or less having air permeability are perforated in part or all of a sheet made of polyethylene or other synthetic resin and having a thickness of 0.22 mm or less. This bag body is filled with soil that has a total specific gravity of 0.8 or less by mixing and mixing multiple types of light-weight soil and earth and sand into this bag body, and a bag culture medium with a weight of 24 kg or less per bag is used. A bag culture method
A ground sheet for suppressing dust from the ground soil having weeds and soil diseases is laid on the entire surface of the ground in the facility horticulture field, and the bag medium on the surface of the ground sheet is to be aligned. Furthermore, a belt-like root-proof permeable sheet for preventing the root of the crop to be cultivated from entering the ground in the field is laid, and the bag culture medium is placed on the upper surface of the belt-shaped root-proof permeable sheet at regular intervals. Arranged in rows, on the upper surface of each bag medium bag, drilled in several places for planting multiple plants by heat treatment at a predetermined size and at predetermined intervals, made of polyethylene or other One planted seedling in a bottomless pot made of synthetic resin is placed in each of the above-mentioned several planting holes , and planted on the bottomed pot with one planted seedling. Drip irrigation tube with one drip hole Place the blanking, as well as a liquid manure water supply and irrigation required crop growth by its drip irrigation tubes, bags medium cultivation method, characterized in that to fix the planting seedlings weight of the drip irrigation tube. The irrigation is carried out by comparing the moisture state of the soil detected by a soil moisture sensor installed in the bag medium and the water retention capacity in the bag medium while comparing the suitable moisture state of the medium set for each crop growth stage. It is an irrigation that reduces the amount of irrigation once, and suppresses the leaching or drainage of the fertilizer from the bag medium due to the excessive amount of irrigation, and improves the fertilization efficiency and irrigation efficiency. The bag culture method according to claim 4 or 5 . The drip irrigation tube is a drip irrigation tube having drip holes provided at constant intervals within a predetermined working water pressure range, and is unnecessary among the drip holes of the drip irrigation tube. The bag culture medium cultivation method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the drip hole is closed so that the discharge position is matched according to the fixed planting interval of the crop. The bag culture medium cultivation method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein after harvesting from a crop body, a boundary between the bottomless pot and the bag culture medium is cut with a saw blade, a cutting clip, or other cutting device. After removing the crop body after harvesting with the bottomless pot, leaving the crop root in the bag medium and leaving it to dry, the planted seedlings placed in the bottomless pot of the next crop are planted in the same place. This is a bag culture method characterized by repeating this over a plurality of years. The bag culture medium cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a heat shield sheet that covers the entire bag culture medium.

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