JP4744919B2 - Biodegradable vegetation mat - Google Patents
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- JP4744919B2 JP4744919B2 JP2005121683A JP2005121683A JP4744919B2 JP 4744919 B2 JP4744919 B2 JP 4744919B2 JP 2005121683 A JP2005121683 A JP 2005121683A JP 2005121683 A JP2005121683 A JP 2005121683A JP 4744919 B2 JP4744919 B2 JP 4744919B2
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- lactic acid
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 17
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 229960000448 lactic acid Drugs 0.000 description 17
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 17
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 15
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229930182843 D-Lactic acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 7
- -1 carbodiimide compound Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229940022769 d- lactic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- AFENDNXGAFYKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound CCC(O)C(O)=O AFENDNXGAFYKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWLBGMIXKSTLSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(O)=O BWLBGMIXKSTLSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRHWHSJDIILJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(O)=O JRHWHSJDIILJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGEWQZIDQIYUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-valinic acid Natural products CC(C)C(O)C(O)=O NGEWQZIDQIYUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940061720 alpha hydroxy acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001280 alpha hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001432 poly(L-lactide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMKVBUOZONDYBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dioxecane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)OCCCCO1 ZMKVBUOZONDYBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYRZZPALUVQDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,4-dioxocane-5,8-dione Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)CCC(=O)O1 KYRZZPALUVQDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJIHQRBJGCGSIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidene-1,3-dioxepane-4,7-dione Chemical compound C1(CCC(=O)OC(=C)O1)=O DJIHQRBJGCGSIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001980 Cucurbita pepo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003484 crystal nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
本発明は、水稲などの作物の苗を育苗したり、あるいは緑化用植物を植生する時に用いられる所謂苗床で、生分解性能を有する生分解性植生マットに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a biodegradable vegetation mat having a biodegradation performance in a so-called nursery bed used for raising seedlings of crops such as paddy rice or planting plants for greening.
従来より、水稲などの作物の苗や、植物の苗を育苗する際、苗床を使用することが多く、一般的に、苗床の床土としては土壌培土が用いられていた。ところがこのような土壌培土には良質の土が求められコストが高いという問題があった。 Conventionally, when raising seedlings of crops such as paddy rice and plant seedlings, a nursery bed is often used, and generally, soil culture is used as the bed soil of the nursery bed. However, such soil cultivation has a problem that high-quality soil is required and the cost is high.
このような土壌培土に代わって樹皮、パルプチップ、オガクズなどを堆肥化したバーク堆肥、あるいはこれらに類似の堆肥物、籾殻、切断わらなどのような所謂植物性粒状物を親水性ウレタンプレポリマーあるいはポリビニルアルコール、デンプンなどで結合させ蒸発乾固させた苗床が特許文献１に提案されている。しかしながら、このような樹脂結合剤等を使用した苗床は、蒸発乾固に時間がかかるため、やはりコストが高いという問題があった。さらに、乾固した苗床は、硬質であることから衝撃に弱く、破損しやすいため、取り扱いが困難であり、作業性が悪い。また、実際の使用においては、逆に、育苗のために水分を含ませるともろくなりすぎて、保型性に劣るという問題があり、自動田植え機にセットして移植作業を実施しようとしても、装置のフィンガーにより掴み取りにくく作業性に劣るものであった。 Instead of soil culture, bark compost composted with bark, pulp chips, sawdust, etc., or so-called plant particulates such as compost, rice husks, cut straw, etc., are hydrophilic urethane prepolymers or Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-133867 proposes a nursery bed that is bonded with polyvinyl alcohol, starch, or the like and evaporated to dryness. However, a nursery using such a resin binder has a problem of high cost because it takes time to evaporate and dry. Furthermore, since the dried nursery is hard, it is vulnerable to impacts and easily damaged, so that handling is difficult and workability is poor. Also, in actual use, on the contrary, there is a problem that it becomes too brittle to contain moisture for raising seedlings, and it is inferior in shape retention, even if it is set on an automatic rice planting machine, It was difficult to grasp by the fingers of the device and was inferior in workability.
上記問題を解決するものとして、籾殻と芯鞘型バインダー繊維を混合、加熱成形した育苗用培土が、特許文献２に提案されている。特許文献２に記載の育苗用培土は、籾殻を芯鞘型バインダー繊維によって接着しているため、保型性に優れるというものである。そして、芯鞘型バインダー繊維が、土壌中で微生物により分解するものであれば、環境面からも良好であるとして、芯鞘型バインダー繊維として、生分解して長期の間には圃場で分解するビオノーレ（昭和高分子社製）を使用することが提案されている（特許文献２）。 As a solution to the above problem, Patent Literature 2 proposes a seedling culture soil in which rice husks and core-sheath binder fibers are mixed and thermoformed. The soil for seedling raising described in Patent Document 2 is excellent in shape retention because the rice husk is bonded with a core-sheath binder fiber. And, if the core-sheath binder fiber is decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, it is considered good from the environmental viewpoint, and as a core-sheath binder fiber, biodegraded and decomposes in the field for a long time. The use of Bionore (made by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) has been proposed (Patent Document 2).
しかし、提案されている生分解性を有する芯鞘型バインダー繊維は、鞘部は９０℃で軟化，溶融し、芯部は１１５℃で軟化溶融するものである。この場合、籾殻と、この芯鞘型バインダー繊維とを混合後、加熱成形時に、加熱温度を９０℃以上１１５℃未満という狭い温度幅内でコントロールすることは実際上、困難であり、鞘部を十分に軟化，溶融させるためには、芯部も熱の影響を受けてしまう。そして、芯部と鞘部の両方が軟化，溶融してしまい、芯部（繊維形態）が残らないため、結果として得られる育苗用培土は保形性が劣り、運搬、田植機への装填が困難で、作業性が劣ることとなる。 However, in the proposed core-sheath binder fiber having biodegradability, the sheath part is softened and melted at 90 ° C., and the core part is softened and melted at 115 ° C. In this case, it is practically difficult to control the heating temperature within a narrow temperature range of 90 ° C. or more and less than 115 ° C. at the time of thermoforming after mixing the rice husk and the core-sheath type binder fiber. In order to sufficiently soften and melt, the core is also affected by heat. And since both the core part and the sheath part are softened and melted, and the core part (fiber form) does not remain, the resulting seedling culture medium is inferior in shape retention, transportation and loading into the rice transplanter It is difficult and workability is inferior.
このように、植生マットの性能開発の進捗において、低コストで環境面にも考慮した生分解性を有する植生マットは提案されているが、さらに優れた保型性および作業性を併せ持つものは、いまだ提案がなされていない。 In this way, in the progress of performance development of vegetation mats, vegetation mats with biodegradability that are low cost and environmentally friendly have been proposed, but those that have further excellent shape retention and workability, No proposal has been made yet.
本件出願人は、安価で簡単に製造でき、生分解性を有し、かつ運搬時あるいは作業時の取扱性が良好な植生マットとして、植物性粒状物と、高融点と低融点のポリ乳酸からなる複合繊維とを混合し、低融点のポリ乳酸により、熱接着、保型してなる植生マットを提案している（特許文献３）。ポリ乳酸は、その化学構造上硬い性質を有しているため、得られる植生マットも全体として硬いものとなり、自動田植え機にて移植する際、田植え機に備えられたフィンガーによる掻き取りによって裁断されにくく、移植作業が連続して行えない場合がある。
本発明は、低コストで環境面にも考慮した植生マットであって、さらに優れた保型性および作業性を併せ持ち、上記のような田植え機による移植作業が良好に行えるものを提案することを課題とする。 The present invention proposes a vegetation mat that is low-cost and environmentally friendly, has both excellent shape retention and workability, and can be transplanted well by the rice transplanter as described above. Let it be an issue.
本発明者は、前記課題を達成すべく検討したところ、低融点成分（接着成分）として柔軟性の高い特定の重合体を採用することで、課題を達成できることを見出した。 The present inventor has studied to achieve the above problems, and has found that the problems can be achieved by adopting a specific polymer having high flexibility as a low melting point component (adhesive component).
本発明は、植物性粒状物と複合バインダー繊維とからなる植生マットであり、複合バインダー繊維は、高融点成分であるポリ乳酸と、低融点成分であるポリアルキレンサクシネートに乳酸が共重合した重合体とから構成され、植生マットは、低融点成分の溶融または軟化により植物性粒状物同士が接着されて、全体として一体化していることを特徴とする生分解性植生マットを要旨とするものである。 The present invention is a vegetation mat comprising a plant granule and a composite binder fiber. The composite binder fiber is a polymer obtained by copolymerizing lactic acid with polylactic acid as a high melting point component and polyalkylene succinate as a low melting point component. The vegetation mat consists of a biodegradable vegetation mat characterized in that the plant granular materials are bonded together by melting or softening the low melting point components and integrated as a whole. is there.
以下、本発明について、詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
本発明の生分解性植生マットを構成する植物性粒状物としては、籾殻、樹皮、パルプチップ、オガクズ、裁断わらなど植物由来の粒状物であれば特に限定されるものではない。 The plant granular material constituting the biodegradable vegetation mat of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant-derived granular material such as rice husk, bark, pulp chip, sawdust, and cutting straw.
本発明に用いる複合バインダー繊維は、高融点成分と低融点成分とから構成され、ポリ乳酸を高融点成分、ポリアルキレンサクシネートに乳酸が共重合した重合体を低融点成分とする。 The composite binder fiber used in the present invention is composed of a high melting point component and a low melting point component. Polylactic acid is a high melting point component, and a polymer obtained by copolymerizing lactic acid with polyalkylene succinate is a low melting point component.
高融点成分であるポリ乳酸としては、ポリＬ−乳酸、ポリＤ−乳酸、Ｌ−乳酸とＤ−乳酸の共重合体であるポリＤＬ−乳酸、あるいはポリＬ乳酸とポリＤ乳酸の混合物（ステレオコンプレックス）等が挙げられる。ポリＤＬ−乳酸を用いる場合のＤ−乳酸とＬ−乳酸の共重合比（Ｄ−乳酸／Ｌ−乳酸）は、１００／０〜９５／５、５／９５〜０／１００であるとよい。上記共重合比を採用することで、結晶性が高く、高融点成分と低融点成分との融点差を十分に確保できるため、熱処理の際に設定温度の幅を十分に取ることができ、高融点成分が熱の影響を受けにくく、低融点成分のみを十分に溶融させて、接着性が良好で保型性に優れた植生マットを得ることができる。 Examples of polylactic acid that is a high melting point component include poly L-lactic acid, poly D-lactic acid, poly DL-lactic acid that is a copolymer of L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, or a mixture of poly L lactic acid and poly D lactic acid (stereo). Complex) and the like. When poly DL-lactic acid is used, the copolymerization ratio (D-lactic acid / L-lactic acid) of D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid is preferably 100/0 to 95/5 and 5/95 to 0/100. By adopting the above copolymerization ratio, the crystallinity is high and the melting point difference between the high melting point component and the low melting point component can be sufficiently secured, so that the range of the set temperature can be sufficiently taken during the heat treatment, The melting point component is not easily affected by heat, and only the low melting point component is sufficiently melted to obtain a vegetation mat having good adhesion and excellent shape retention.
本発明に用いるポリ乳酸は、耐久性の向上を目的として、脂肪族アルコール、カルボジイミド化合物、オキサゾリン化合物、オキサジン化合物、エポキシ化合物などの末端封鎖剤が添加されたものであってもよい。また、ポリ乳酸には、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で、ε−カプロラクトン等の環状ラクトン類、α−ヒドロキシ酪酸、α−ヒドロキシイソ酪酸、α−ヒドロキシ吉草酸等のα−オキシ酸類、エチレングリコール、１，４−ブタンジオール等のグリコール類、コハク酸、セバシン酸等のジカルボン酸類が含有されていてもよい。 The polylactic acid used in the present invention may be added with a terminal blocking agent such as an aliphatic alcohol, a carbodiimide compound, an oxazoline compound, an oxazine compound, or an epoxy compound for the purpose of improving durability. In addition, polylactic acid includes cyclic lactones such as ε-caprolactone, α-hydroxybutyric acid, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, α-hydroxyacids such as α-hydroxyvaleric acid, ethylene, and the like as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. Glycols such as glycol and 1,4-butanediol, and dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid and sebacic acid may be contained.
低融点成分であるポリアルキレンサクシネートに乳酸が共重合した重合体は、熱接着成分として機能するものであるので、前記したポリ乳酸の融点よりも低い融点を有するものである。 A polymer in which lactic acid is copolymerized with polyalkylene succinate, which is a low melting point component, functions as a thermal adhesive component, and therefore has a melting point lower than the melting point of polylactic acid described above.
ポリアルキレンサクネートとしては、エチレンサクシネート、ブチレンサクシネート、プロピレンサクシネート等の、エチレングリコール、ブタンジオール等のアルキレンジオールとコハク酸を共重合したものである。また、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で、上の繰り返し単位に、ε−カプロラクトン等の環状ラクトン類、α−ヒドロキシ酪酸、α−ヒドロキシイソ酪酸、α−ヒドロキシ吉草酸等のα−オキシ酸類、エチレングリコール、１，４−ブタンジオール等のグリコール類、コハク酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸、リンゴ酸等のジカルボン酸類を共重合させてもよいが、これらの共重合量は３０モル％以下の範囲であることが好ましい。 The polyalkylene succinate is a copolymer of succinic acid and an alkylene diol such as ethylene glycol or butane diol such as ethylene succinate, butylene succinate or propylene succinate. Further, in the range not impairing the object of the present invention, the above repeating units include cyclic lactones such as ε-caprolactone, α-hydroxy acids such as α-hydroxybutyric acid, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, α-hydroxyvaleric acid, Although glycols such as ethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol and dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and malic acid may be copolymerized, the copolymerization amount thereof is in the range of 30 mol% or less. It is preferable that
低融点成分は、ポリアルキレンサクシネートに乳酸が共重合されているものであるが、乳酸が共重合していることによって、低融点成分と高融点成分（ポリ乳酸）との相溶性が飛躍的に良化する。両者の相溶性が低い場合、植物性粒状物と複合バインダー繊維とを混合後、熱処理を施した際に、溶融した低融点成分が、高融点成分との界面を小さくするために、流動して島状に凝集するという現象が起こるため、接着強力が低くなり、結果、植生マットの保型性に劣る傾向となる。本発明の複合バインダー繊維では、低融点成分を構成する重合体において、乳酸を含有させることで、すなわち、高融点成分であるポリ乳酸と共通の成分を含有させることにより、低融点成分である重合体と高融点成分であるポリ乳酸との相溶性が良化し、前述のような現象が起こりにくく、接着強力が向上し、植生マットの保型性が向上し、取扱い性、作業性に優れる。 The low melting point component is a polyalkylene succinate copolymerized with lactic acid, but due to the copolymerization of lactic acid, the compatibility between the low melting point component and the high melting point component (polylactic acid) is dramatically improved. To improve. When the compatibility between the two is low, the mixed low-melting-point component flows to reduce the interface with the high-melting-point component when heat-treated after mixing the plant granules and the composite binder fiber. Since the phenomenon of agglomeration in the form of islands occurs, the adhesive strength is lowered, and as a result, the shape retention property of the vegetation mat tends to be inferior. In the composite binder fiber of the present invention, the polymer constituting the low melting point component contains lactic acid, that is, by containing a common component with polylactic acid, which is a high melting point component. The compatibility between the coalescence and polylactic acid, which is a high melting point component, is improved, the above-mentioned phenomenon is difficult to occur, the adhesive strength is improved, the shape retention of the vegetation mat is improved, and the handling property and workability are excellent.
低融点成分において、ポリアルキレンサクシネートに共重合する乳酸は、１モル％〜６モル％であることが好ましい。共重合する乳酸が１モル％未満であると、高融点成分（ポリ乳酸）との相溶性が十分に良化せず、上記の効果が得られにくい。一方、共重合する乳酸が６モル％を超えると、高融点成分（ポリ乳酸）との相溶性はより良好となるが、ポリアルキレンサクシネートの本来有する柔軟性が損なわれ、得られる植生マットは必要以上に固くなり、田植機の掻き取りによって裁断されないにくくなり、移植作業が連続して行えない場合もある。 In the low melting point component, the amount of lactic acid copolymerized with the polyalkylene succinate is preferably 1 mol% to 6 mol%. When the amount of lactic acid to be copolymerized is less than 1 mol%, the compatibility with the high melting point component (polylactic acid) is not sufficiently improved, and the above-described effect is hardly obtained. On the other hand, when the lactic acid to be copolymerized exceeds 6 mol%, the compatibility with the high melting point component (polylactic acid) becomes better, but the inherent flexibility of the polyalkylene succinate is impaired, and the resulting vegetation mat is It becomes harder than necessary, and it becomes difficult to cut by scraping with a rice transplanter, and the transplanting operation may not be performed continuously.
なお、ポリアルキレンサクシネートに共重合する乳酸は、Ｌ−乳酸であっても、Ｄ−乳酸でもよい。また、乳酸は、モノマー単位で共重合してなるものを基本とするが、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲でオリゴマー単位（２個〜１０個程度）のものが一部含まれていてもよい。 The lactic acid copolymerized with the polyalkylene succinate may be L-lactic acid or D-lactic acid. Moreover, although lactic acid is based on what is copolymerized by a monomer unit, a part of oligomer unit (about 2-10 pieces) may be included in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention. .
低融点成分の融点は、１２０℃以下であることが好ましい。植生マットを作成する際、熱処理前に種籾等の種子を熱処理前のマット内に含有させることが、マット内に種子を良好に保持できるため好ましく、熱処理時の熱によって、マット内の種子に熱によるダメージを受けにくくすることが好ましい。すなわち、低融点成分の融点が１２０℃を超えると、熱接着のための熱処理温度もそれ以上（融点より２０℃程度高い温度）に設定することを要し、このような高温で処理することによって、種子が熱の影響を受けて発芽しない等の恐れがあるからである。一方、低融点成分の融点の下限は特に限定されないが、繊維の製造上、融点が低くなると紡糸や延伸時の密着等が発生しやすくなるため、９０℃程度が現実的である。 The melting point of the low melting point component is preferably 120 ° C. or lower. When preparing a vegetation mat, it is preferable that seeds such as seed pods are contained in the mat before heat treatment before the heat treatment because the seeds can be held well in the mat, and the seeds in the mat are heated by heat during the heat treatment. It is preferable to make it difficult to receive damage due to. That is, when the melting point of the low melting point component exceeds 120 ° C., it is necessary to set the heat treatment temperature for thermal bonding to a higher temperature (about 20 ° C. higher than the melting point). This is because the seeds may not germinate under the influence of heat. On the other hand, the lower limit of the melting point of the low melting point component is not particularly limited, but about 90 ° C. is realistic because, when the melting point becomes low, adhesion during spinning or drawing tends to occur in the production of fibers.
複合バインダー繊維を構成する高融点成分と低融点成分との融点差は、５０℃以上であることが好ましく、融点差を５０℃以上とすることにより、熱処理の際に設定温度の幅を十分に取ることができ、高融点成分が熱の影響を受けにくく、低融点成分のみを十分に溶融させて、接着性が良好で保型性に優れた植生マットを得ることができる。 The melting point difference between the high melting point component and the low melting point component constituting the composite binder fiber is preferably 50 ° C. or more, and by setting the melting point difference to 50 ° C. or more, the range of the set temperature is sufficiently increased during the heat treatment. The high melting point component is not easily affected by heat, and only the low melting point component is sufficiently melted to obtain a vegetation mat having good adhesion and excellent shape retention.
複合バインダー繊維の複合形態は、低融点成分が熱処理の際に接着成分として機能するような形態であれば、特に限定されず、芯鞘型、貼合型、分割型等の複合形態が挙げられる。中でも、高融点成分を芯部、低融点成分を鞘部に配した芯鞘型の複合バインダー繊維であることが、植生マットの保型性の点で好ましい。また、高融点成分と低融点成分との複合比率については、植生マットの保型性を考慮すると、高融点成分／低融点成分（容積比）は３０／７０〜７０／３０が好ましい範囲である。 The composite form of the composite binder fiber is not particularly limited as long as the low melting point component functions as an adhesive component during heat treatment, and examples include composite forms such as a core-sheath type, a bonding type, and a split type. . Among these, a core-sheath type composite binder fiber in which a high melting point component is disposed in the core portion and a low melting point component is disposed in the sheath portion is preferable from the viewpoint of shape retention of the vegetation mat. In addition, regarding the composite ratio of the high melting point component and the low melting point component, the high melting point component / low melting point component (volume ratio) is preferably in the range of 30/70 to 70/30 in consideration of the shape retention of the vegetation mat. .
また、複合バインダー繊維の形状は、円形断面に限定されるものではなく、扁平形、多角形、多葉形、ひょうたん形、アルファベット形、その他各種の非円形（異形）などであってもよい。 The shape of the composite binder fiber is not limited to a circular cross section, and may be a flat shape, a polygonal shape, a multi-leaf shape, a gourd shape, an alphabet shape, and other various non-circular shapes (an irregular shape).
さらに、複合バインダー繊維を構成する重合体には、目的に応じて、各種顔料、染料、撥水剤、吸水剤、難燃剤、安定剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、金属粒子、結晶核剤、滑剤、可塑剤、抗菌剤、香料その他の添加剤を混合、添加してもよい。 Furthermore, the polymer constituting the composite binder fiber includes various pigments, dyes, water repellents, water absorbents, flame retardants, stabilizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, metal particles, crystal nucleating agents, depending on the purpose. , Lubricants, plasticizers, antibacterial agents, fragrances and other additives may be mixed and added.
複合バインダー繊維は、芯部にポリ乳酸、鞘部がポリアルキレンサクシネートを主たる繰り返し単位とし、これに乳酸が共重合した重合体となるように、両成分を常法によって複合紡糸することにより得られる。すなわち、まず、両重合体を、複合口金を用いて、従来公知の溶融複合紡糸法で溶融紡糸し、横吹付や環状吹付等の従来公知の冷却装置を用いて、吹付風により冷却した後、油剤を付与し、引き取りローラを介して未延伸糸として巻取機に巻取る。巻取った未延伸糸は、公知の延伸機にて周速の異なるローラ群間で延伸し、押し込み型の捲縮機などで捲縮を付与した後に、ＥＣカッターなどのカッタ−で目的とする長さに切断すればよい。 The composite binder fiber is obtained by complex-spinning both components by a conventional method so that a polylactic acid in the core part and a polyalkylene succinate in the sheath part are the main repeating units and a polymer in which lactic acid is copolymerized with this. It is done. That is, first, both polymers are melt-spun by a conventionally known melt compound spinning method using a composite die, and cooled by a blowing air using a conventionally known cooling device such as a horizontal spray or an annular spray, An oil agent is applied and wound around a winder as undrawn yarn through a take-up roller. The wound undrawn yarn is drawn between a group of rollers having different peripheral speeds with a known drawing machine, and after being crimped with a push-type crimping machine or the like, it is used with a cutter such as an EC cutter. Cut to length.
本発明の植生マットは、植物性粒状物と複合バインダー繊維とからなり、複合バインダー繊維を構成する低融点成分の溶融または軟化により植物性粒状物同士が接着されて、全体として一体化している。 The vegetation mat of the present invention comprises plant granules and composite binder fibers, and the plant granules are bonded together by melting or softening the low melting point components constituting the composite binder fibers and integrated as a whole.
植生マットにおいて、複合バインダー繊維の混合比率は、質量比で１％〜５０％程度の範囲が好ましい。１％未満であると、植物性粒状物同士が十分に接着されず、保型性、形態保持性に劣るものとなり、一方、混合比率が５０％を超えると、植生マットが固くなりすぎ、マットの空隙内に根が入りにくくなり、根上がりの現象が発生しやすく、苗の育成が悪くなる。また、田植機の掻き取りによって裁断されない場合があり、移植作業が連続して行えないという問題が発生しやすくなる。 In the vegetation mat, the mixing ratio of the composite binder fibers is preferably in the range of about 1% to 50% by mass ratio. If it is less than 1%, the plant particulates are not sufficiently adhered to each other, and the shape retention and form retention are poor, whereas if the mixing ratio exceeds 50%, the vegetation mat becomes too hard and the mat This makes it difficult for roots to enter the gaps, and the phenomenon of uprooting is likely to occur, resulting in poor growth of seedlings. In addition, there is a case where the cutting is not performed by scraping the rice transplanter, and a problem that the transplanting operation cannot be continuously performed easily occurs.
本発明の植生マットは、植物性粒状物と複合繊維とを所定の割合で攪拌混合し堆積させ、低融点成分のみが溶融または軟化する温度で熱処理することで、容易に得ることができる。 The vegetation mat of the present invention can be easily obtained by stirring and mixing the plant granular material and the composite fiber at a predetermined ratio and heat-treating them at a temperature at which only the low melting point component melts or softens.
本発明は、植物性粒状物と複合バインダー繊維とからなる植生マットであり、複合バインダー繊維は、高融点成分であるポリ乳酸と、低融点成分であるポリアルキレンサクシネートに乳酸が共重合した重合体とから構成され、植生マットは、低融点成分の溶融または軟化により植物性粒状物同士が接着されて、全体として一体化しているため、低コストであり、土中で分解するため環境面にも配慮したものである。また、植物性粒状物を、複合バインダー繊維の低融点成分のみにより接着しているため、優れた保型性を有するものとなり、作業性が良好となる。また、接着成分として機能する低融点成分として、ポリアルキレンサクシネートに乳酸が共重合した重合体を用いているため、高融点成分であるポリ乳酸との相溶性が良好で、溶融した際に島状に凝集して部分的に偏在するという現象は起こりにくいため、斑なく接着できて、保型性も良好となる。また、この低融点成分は、溶融により樹脂化した際、硬くなりすぎず、田植え機による移植作業が良好に行えるという効果も奏する。 The present invention is a vegetation mat comprising a plant granule and a composite binder fiber. The composite binder fiber is a polymer obtained by copolymerizing lactic acid with polylactic acid as a high melting point component and polyalkylene succinate as a low melting point component. The vegetation mat is composed of a combination of plant particulates by melting or softening the low melting point components and integrating them as a whole. Is also a consideration. Moreover, since the vegetable granular material is adhered only by the low-melting-point component of the composite binder fiber, it has excellent shape retention and workability is improved. In addition, as a low melting point component that functions as an adhesive component, a polymer in which lactic acid is copolymerized with polyalkylene succinate is used. The phenomenon that the particles are aggregated and partly unevenly distributed is unlikely to occur, so that adhesion can be achieved without unevenness and the shape-retaining property is improved. In addition, this low melting point component does not become too hard when it is made into a resin by melting, and also has an effect that the transplanting operation by the rice planting machine can be performed satisfactorily.
以下、実施例によって本発明を詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらによって限定されるものではない。なお、実施例に記述した諸物性および評価法は、次のとおりである。
（１）ポリ乳酸の溶融粘度（ＭＦＲ）：ＡＳＴＭ Ｄ １２３８に記載の方法に準じて、温度２１０℃、荷重２０．２Ｎ（２１６０ｇ）で測定。
（２）ポリアルキレンサクシネートに乳酸が共重合した重合体の溶融粘度（ＭＦＲ）：ＡＳＴＭ Ｄ １２３８に記載の方法に準じて、温度１９０℃、荷重２０．２Ｎ（２１６０ｇ）で測定。
（３）植生マットの保形性および作業性（湿潤状態）
１：良好（両手で植生マットを把持する際、崩れない。）
２：やや不良（両手で植生マットを把持する際、かなり慎重に取り扱わないと崩れる。）
３：不良（手で把持すると崩れ、把持する際には支持体を要する。）
（４）土中埋設による生分解性
１：良好（処理日数１年以内で分解する）
２：やや不良（分解必要日数１年以上３年以下）
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is not limited by these. The physical properties and evaluation methods described in the examples are as follows.
(1) Melt viscosity (MFR) of polylactic acid: Measured at a temperature of 210 ° C. and a load of 20.2 N (2160 g) according to the method described in ASTM D 1238.
(2) Melt viscosity (MFR) of a polymer obtained by copolymerizing lactic acid with polyalkylene succinate: measured at a temperature of 190 ° C. and a load of 20.2 N (2160 g) according to the method described in ASTM D 1238.
(3) Shape retention and workability of vegetation mat (wet condition)
1: Good (when holding the vegetation mat with both hands, it does not collapse)
2: Slightly poor (If you hold the vegetation mat with both hands, it will collapse if you do not handle it with great care.)
3: Defective (disintegrates when grasped by hand, requires support when grasped)
(4) Biodegradability by embedding in soil 1: Good (decomposes within 1 year of treatment)
2: Slightly defective (required number of disassembly days from 1 year to 3 years)
実施例
植物性粒状物として、籾殻を用意した。一方、複合バインダー繊維として、ポリ乳酸（ＭＦＲ２１ｇ／１０分、Ｄ−乳酸／Ｌ乳酸の共重合比＝１．３／９８．７、融点１７０℃）を芯部とし、Ｌ−乳酸を３．０モル％共重合したポリブチレンサクシネート（ＭＦＲ３２ｇ／１０分、融点１０９℃）を鞘部とする複合バインダー繊維(芯鞘比率が溶融容積比として芯：鞘＝５０：５０、円形芯鞘構造で、繊度が２．２ｄｔｅｘ、繊維長が５１ｍｍ)を用意した。
Example Rice husk was prepared as a plant-like granular material. On the other hand, as a composite binder fiber, polylactic acid (MFR 21 g / 10 min, D-lactic acid / L lactic acid copolymerization ratio = 1.3 / 98.7, melting point 170 ° C.) is used as the core, and L-lactic acid is 3.0. A composite binder fiber having a mol% copolymerized polybutylene succinate (MFR 32 g / 10 min, melting point 109 ° C.) as a sheath (core-sheath ratio is melt volume ratio core: sheath = 50: 50, circular core-sheath structure, A fineness of 2.2 dtex and a fiber length of 51 mm) were prepared.
籾殻９８質量％、複合バインダー繊維２質量％の割合で攪拌混合し、混合した混合物を堆積させてエアスルー型熱処理装置により１３０℃×２分間の条件で熱処理を行ない、目付５ｋｇ／ｍ2の本発明の植生マットを得た。 The present invention having a basis weight of 5 kg / m 2 is obtained by stirring and mixing at a ratio of 98% by weight of rice husk and 2% by weight of composite binder fiber, depositing the mixed mixture, and performing heat treatment under conditions of 130 ° C. × 2 minutes with an air-through heat treatment apparatus. A vegetation mat was obtained.
比較例
実施例において、複合バインダー繊維として、昭和高分子(株)製ビオノーレ（芯部：融点１１５℃、鞘部：融点９０℃）からなるバインダー繊維（繊度２．２ｄｔｅｘ、繊維長５１ｍｍ）を用いたこと、熱処理１０５℃×２分間の条件で熱処理したこと以外は、実施例と同様にして、比較例の植生マットを得た。
Comparative Example In Example, binder fiber (fineness: 2.2 dtex, fiber length: 51 mm) made of Bionore (core part: melting point 115 ° C., sheath part: melting point 90 ° C.) manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd. is used as the composite binder fiber. A comparative vegetation mat was obtained in the same manner as in the example except that the heat treatment was performed under the condition of 105 ° C. × 2 minutes.
得られた実施例と比較例の植生マットについて評価したところ、実施例の植生マットは、「植生マットの保形性および作業性（湿潤状態）」は「１：良好」であり、乾燥時および湿潤時の両者において、適度な保形性を有しており、取扱いの時にも型くずれすることなく作業性が良好であった。また、「土中埋設による生分解性」は「１：良好」で土中埋設による生分解性も良好であった。 When the vegetation mats of the obtained examples and comparative examples were evaluated, the vegetation mats of the examples had “1: good” in “shape retention and workability (wet state) of the vegetation mat”, and In both cases, it had an appropriate shape retaining property when wet, and the workability was good without being deformed during handling. Further, “biodegradability by embedding in soil” was “1: good” and biodegradability by embedding in soil was also good.
一方、比較例の植生マットは、「土中埋設による生分解性」は「１：良好」であったが、「植生マットの保形性および作業性（湿潤状態）」は「３：不良」で、乾燥時と特に湿潤時、保形性に乏しく、作業時におい型くずれしたため、作業性が顕著に劣るものであった。 On the other hand, in the vegetation mat of the comparative example, “biodegradability by embedding in soil” was “1: good”, but “shape retention and workability (wet state) of vegetation mat” was “3: poor”. Thus, when dry and particularly wet, the shape-retaining property was poor, and the workability was remarkably inferior because it was deformed into a mold during operation.
Claims (3)
The composite binder fiber is a core-sheath type composite binder fiber in which the high melting point component is disposed in the core and the low melting point component is disposed in the sheath, and the melting point difference between the high melting point component and the low melting point component is 50 ° C. or more. The biodegradable vegetation mat according to claim 1 or 2.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FR3142769A1 (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2024-06-07 | Saint-Gobain Isover | Vegetable fiber mattress made from cereal plants. |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4795278B2 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2011-10-19 | 日本エステル株式会社 | Binder fiber and non-woven fabric using the same |
| FR2932498B1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2010-09-10 | Eric Alvarez | THERMOFUSIBLE COMPOSITE FIBER. |
| JPWO2010041566A1 (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2012-03-08 | 三井化学株式会社 | COMPOSITE MATERIAL, COMPOSITE MATERIAL MANUFACTURING METHOD, PLANT GROWING COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND USE THEREOF |
| IT202300005355A1 (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2024-09-21 | Green Tech Ind S R L | THERMAL INSULATION PANEL FOR BUILDINGS |
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| JPH09217257A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1997-08-19 | Kanebo Ltd | Biodegradable fiber molded product |
| JP2001178261A (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-07-03 | Kanebo Ltd | Alternative material of peat moss |
| JP2001333636A (en) * | 2000-05-29 | 2001-12-04 | Unitica Fibers Ltd | Biodegradable planting mat |
| JP3966768B2 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2007-08-29 | ユニチカ株式会社 | Polylactic acid-based long fiber nonwoven fabric and method for producing the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FR3142769A1 (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2024-06-07 | Saint-Gobain Isover | Vegetable fiber mattress made from cereal plants. |
| EP4382650A1 (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2024-06-12 | Saint-Gobain Isover | Cereal plant-based plant fiber mat |
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