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JP4746768B2 - Resistor and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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JP4746768B2 - Resistor and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Resistor and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4746768B2
JP4746768B2 JP2001168679A JP2001168679A JP4746768B2 JP 4746768 B2 JP4746768 B2 JP 4746768B2 JP 2001168679 A JP2001168679 A JP 2001168679A JP 2001168679 A JP2001168679 A JP 2001168679A JP 4746768 B2 JP4746768 B2 JP 4746768B2
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layer
metal oxide
oxide film
chloride
resistor
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JP2002367805A (en
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政昭 北沢
一祥 小原
幹男 辰口
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Koa Corp
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Koa Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、抵抗器に係り、特に酸化錫を主成分とする酸化金属皮膜を絶縁性基体の表面に形成した酸化金属皮膜抵抗器に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、アルミナ等の円柱状の碍子に酸化金属皮膜を形成し、これを抵抗体として用いた抵抗器が広く普及している。図2は、従来の酸化金属皮膜抵抗器の構成例を示す。円柱状の碍子11の表面に、抵抗体としての薄い酸化錫を主成分とする酸化金属皮膜12が形成されている。碍子11の酸化金属皮膜12を形成した両端に金属キャップ19,19’を嵌着し、更に金属キャップにリード端子21,21’を溶接等により固着している。そして、酸化金属皮膜12の表面には、樹脂または無機材料の保護層14が被着されている。
【0003】
係る従来の酸化金属皮膜抵抗器の製造方法は概略次の通りである。先ず、略円柱状の碍子11を準備する。この碍子11は、例えば、アルミナ等のセラミクス材であり、寸法は直径が約1〜8mmφであり、長さは約3〜75mm程度である。次に、この碍子を温度約550〜約750℃の炉中にセットして、約10〜50分程度加熱する。次に、抵抗(着膜)材として、例えば塩化錫と塩化アンチモンとを出発物質として用い、温度約550〜850℃で、スプレーまたは噴霧着膜方式により、上記碍子の全表面または全周面に単層の酸化金属皮膜12を被着する。そして、酸化金属皮膜12が被着した碍子11の両端部に、電極用の金属キャップ19,19’を圧入若しくは嵌着する。更に、リード端子21,21’を金属キャップ19,19’に溶接等により固定する。
【0004】
次に、酸化金属皮膜12の表面を完全に被覆し、その一部が金属キャップ19,19’にかかるように保護膜14を被着する。この保護膜は、エポキシ樹脂またはシリコン樹脂等の有機系材料でもよく、またガラス等の無機系の材料でもよい。係る材料を塗布またはディップして、加温硬化若しくは焼成して保護膜14を形成する。保護膜の形成後に、約250〜400℃にて、約10分〜4時間程度の熱処理を行い、これにより酸化金属皮膜抵抗器が完成する。更に、必要に応じてスパイラルカッティング等のトリミングを行い抵抗値を所要の精度に調整する。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述したように、従来の一般的な酸化金属皮膜抵抗器の製造方法においては、抵抗体となる酸化錫を主成分とする酸化金属皮膜を1層で形成していた。しかしながら、完成品の抵抗値が50kΩ以上の製品を得ようとすると、着膜時間を短縮して抵抗皮膜が、例えば0.5μm程度に薄くならざるを得ない。ところで、上述したセラミクス材からなる碍子は、その表面粗さが約1〜2μm程度存在するのが一般的であり、これにより金属酸化皮膜の膜厚が均一に形成されず、抵抗値のバラツキが大きいという問題があった。また、高温放置試験等の後に、抵抗値の変動が大きくなり、特性試験等において問題が生じていた。
【0006】
係る問題点を解決するため、例えば特開平2−53601号公報、特開平2−238602号公報には、3層構成の酸化金属皮膜抵抗器が開示されている。係る公報によれば、従来の酸化金属皮膜抵抗器の抵抗値を、200Ω程度から数十倍程度迄向上させることが可能であると記載されている。しかしながら、更に抵抗値を100kΩ〜1MΩ程度にまで向上させようとすると、上記公報の開示内容では必ずしも十分ではない。また、特開平10−125502号公報には、同様に酸化金属皮膜抵抗器において、酸化金属皮膜層を複数層形成し、各層間に金属絶縁被膜層を挿入する発明が開示されている。このように絶縁層を間挿することで、アルミナ等の絶縁層基体からのアルカリ分の拡散が防止され、これにより抵抗値の特性変化を小さくすることができるという発明が開示されている。
【0007】
本発明は上述した事情に鑑みて為されたもので、例えば10Ωから1MΩ程度の広い抵抗値範囲が得られ、且つ各種特性試験において抵抗値の変動が小さい等、特性の良好な酸化金属皮膜抵抗器を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の抵抗器は、酸化錫を主成分とする酸化金属皮膜を絶縁性基体の表面に形成した抵抗器において、前記酸化金属皮膜を三層に構成し、前記絶縁性基体の表面に密着する第1層と最外層の第3層とを比抵抗の高い同一の酸化錫を主成分とし、ニッケルを含有する酸化金属層で構成し、中間層である第2層を比抵抗の低い酸化錫を主成分とし、アンチモンとニッケルを含有する酸化金属層で構成したことを特徴とする。
【0009】
上述した本発明によれば、金属皮膜を3層構造とすることで、抵抗体層の全体としての厚さが厚くなり、第2層を実質的な抵抗値の支配層とし、第1層は抵抗特性安定化のための層、第3層は保護膜的な層としたものである。これにより、抵抗値を支配する第2層は、第1層の存在により絶縁性基体の表面粗さの影響を受けることなく、膜厚を薄くすることができる。従って、この第2層を保護膜的な役割を果たす第3層とサンドイッチ構造とすることで、100kΩ以上の高い抵抗値が得られると共に、且つその温度試験等の各種試験における特性の安定性を向上させることが可能となる。
【0010】
また、本発明は、更に、前記酸化金属層にルテニウムを添加したことを特徴とする。これにより、高抵抗値領域における抵抗値制御と、抵抗温度特性等の安定性を向上させることができる。
【0011】
また、本発明の抵抗器は、前記第3層が、保護外装としての役割を果たし、樹脂または無機材料による保護外装を省略したことを特徴とする。これにより、樹脂または無機材料による保護外装を省略することができるので、その製造工程を短縮し、製造コストを低減することが可能となる。
【0012】
また、本発明の抵抗器の製造方法は、セラミクス基体上に、錫と、ニッケルと、ルテニウムをそれぞれ含む化合物を出発原料として第1層の比抵抗の高い酸化金属皮膜を形成し、錫と、アンチモンと、ニッケルと、ルテニウムとをそれぞれ含む化合物を出発原料として第2層の比抵抗の低い酸化金属皮膜を形成し、前記第1層の出発原料と同一の原料を用いて第3層の比抵抗の高い酸化金属皮膜を形成することを特徴とする。これにより、広い抵抗値範囲と高い特性の安定性を有する酸化金属皮膜抵抗器を製造することが可能となる。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について添付図面を参照しながら説明する。
【0014】
図1は、本発明の実施形態の酸化金属皮膜抵抗器を示す。アルミナ等の円柱状セラミクス碍子11に、第1層酸化金属皮膜13、第2層酸化金属皮膜15、第3層酸化金属皮膜17がそれぞれ形成されている。ここで円柱状の碍子11は、直径が約1〜8mmφ、長さは約3〜75mm程度である。酸化金属皮膜13,15,17の合計膜厚は2μm以上であり、抵抗値を支配する第2層の膜厚は0.1μm以上任意に調整が可能である。
【0015】
碍子11の表面に密着する第1層と最外層の第3層とは、同一の原材料を高温の炉中で噴霧して形成され、比抵抗の高い層となっている。即ち、この層は酸化錫を主成分とし、ニッケルを含む層である。中間層である第2層は、比抵抗の低い層であり、酸化錫を主成分とし、アンチモンとニッケルを含有する層である。碍子11の両端部には金属キャップ19,19’が圧入または嵌着により固定され、更にリード端子21,21’が金属キャップに溶接等により固定されている。
【0016】
上述したように、この酸化金属皮膜抵抗器は、第1層と第3層の原材料液を同一とし、これにより同一の比較的高い比抵抗が得られる。そして、中間層である第2層が、第1層および第3層と比較して比抵抗が小さくなっている。このため、保護膜的な役割を果たす第1層と第3層との間に抵抗値を支配する第2層がサンドイッチ状に挟まれて、これにより高い抵抗値および良好な抵抗温度係数、更には各種温度試験等によっても抵抗値変動の小さな良好な特性が得られる。
【0017】
一例として、高抵抗値を得るための好ましい条件は次の通りである。
第1層の膜厚 約1.5μm
第3層の膜厚 約0.2μm
比抵抗 約50kΩ/□
第2層の膜厚 約0.5μm
比抵抗 約1kΩ/□
【0018】
抵抗値の調整は、基本的には塩化錫の濃度を変えることにより行う。例えば、着膜液に占める錫の量を20%程度とすることで低抵抗値が得られ、着膜液に占める錫の量を15%とすることで中抵抗値が得られ、着膜液に占める錫の量を10%程度とすることで高抵抗値が得られる。更に高抵抗値を得ようとする場合には、第2層の錫・アンチモン・ニッケル系の着膜液のみでは限界があるので、ルテニウムを添加する。これにより抵抗値を上げ、且つ抵抗温度係数等の特性を安定化させることができる。
【0019】
例えば、第2層にルテニウムを含まない場合には、最高抵抗値は100kΩ程度である場合に、これにルテニウムを添加することで、最高抵抗値が1MΩ程度まで向上する。即ち、第2層にルテニウムを添加することで、最高抵抗値が従来は100kΩが限界であったのが、1MΩ程度にまで向上させることができる。また、ルテニウムを第1層に入れない場合の抵抗温度係数が400ppm/℃程度であるとすると、これにルテニウムを入れることで、抵抗温度係数を80ppm/℃程度に向上させることができる。即ち、低い抵抗値領域においては、第1層又は第3層にルテニウムを添加することで、抵抗温度係数を著しく低減することが可能となる。更に、ルテニウムの添加は錫・アンチモン系にニッケルを添加したときと同様に特性のばらつき範囲が狭くなり、特性の安定性が向上する。
【0020】
第2層において、酸化錫を主成分とし、アンチモンとニッケルを含有することで、アンチモンは酸化錫膜の導電性付与と抵抗温度特性の調整に有効であり、ニッケルを含有することで耐熱特性、寿命特性を安定化させることができる。例えば、錫・アンチモンのみで第2層を形成すると、一例として負荷寿命試験1000時間後の平均抵抗値変化率が−14%程度となるが、これにニッケルを添加することで、同条件での平均抵抗値変化率を−0.7%程度に改善することができる。
【0021】
次に、本発明の酸化金属皮膜抵抗器の製造方法について、その概要を説明する。先ず、上記碍子を炉に投入し予熱する。予熱は、例えば550〜850℃、5〜120分程度行う。次に、下記出発原料を準備し、第1層、第2層および第3層と連続的に噴霧により酸化金属皮膜13,15,17をそれぞれ碍子11上に形成する。各層の噴霧の条件は、温度が550〜850℃で、噴霧時間は2分〜90分程度である。
【0022】

Figure 0004746768
以下の希釈剤を必要に応じて使用する。
Figure 0004746768
【0023】
次に、酸化金属皮膜の噴霧が終了した碍子を炉から取り出し、冷却した後に、金属キャップ19,19’を圧入または嵌着して固定する。そして、金属キャップ19,19’にリード端子21,21’を溶接等により固定する。従来の技術においては、その後すべての機種に保護被膜を形成するのであるが、この三層構造の酸化金属皮膜においては、第3層の金属皮膜層が保護膜的な役割を果たすので、樹脂系の保護膜を装着する機種については、この外装保護膜の装着を行わない。これにより製造工程が短縮され、製造コストが低減する。
【0024】
次に、温度250〜400℃で、10分〜8時間程度の熱処理を行い、特性の安定化を行う。これにより、トリミング前段階の酸化金属皮膜抵抗器が完成する。そして、必要に応じてスパイラルカット等によるトリミングを行い、抵抗値を調整する。
【0025】
以上の工程で、目標抵抗値が10Ω〜1MΩの酸化金属皮膜抵抗器を製造することが可能となり、上記第2層におけるアンチモンおよびニッケルの添加、更に各層にルテニウムを添加することで、高抵抗値、抵抗温度係数、各種試験における抵抗値の変動等の特性を良好なものとすることができる。なお、上記原料における塩化物は炉中で酸化され、金属酸化物が形成される。
【0026】
例えば、完成抵抗値が4.7kΩ以上の従来技術品においては、酸化金属皮膜の膜厚が0.4μm程度と薄く、200℃、500時間の高温放置試験において、その抵抗値変動が2%以上存在した。これに対して、本発明の上記構成の同じ抵抗値の製品で、酸化金属皮膜の合計厚さを2μm以上とし、同じ200℃、500時間の高温放置試験後の抵抗値変動は0.2%以下であった。即ち、高比抵抗の第1層と第3層で低比抵抗の層をサンドイッチ状に挟むことで、全体としての膜厚が厚くなり、これに伴い第2層の抵抗体の制御性が改善される。特に、抵抗値を支配する第2層に、酸化錫の他にアンチモンとニッケルの2種類以上の金属および酸化ルテニウムを添加することで、上述した高抵抗値及び安定した特性を出すことが可能となる。
【0027】
なお、上記実施の形態は、本発明の好ましい1実施例を述べたものであり、本発明の趣旨を逸脱することなく種々の変形実施例が可能なことは勿論である。即ち、上記製造方法について金属の塩化物を出発原料として用いる例について説明したが、塩化物以外でも同様の金属酸化物が得られる化合物を用いることができる。また、低抵抗品では、第1層を省略し、導電層となる第2層を厚くし、第3層を絶縁膜とする2層方式も採用が可能である。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明によれば、高抵抗値が得られ、且つ抵抗値変動が小さい等の良好な特性が得られる酸化金属皮膜を有する抵抗器を提供することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施形態の酸化金属皮膜抵抗器の断面図である。
【図2】従来の酸化金属皮膜抵抗器の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
11 絶縁性基体
13 第1の酸化金属層
15 第2の酸化金属層
17 第3の酸化金属層
19,19’ 金属キャップ
21,21’ リード端子[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a resistor, and more particularly to a metal oxide film resistor in which a metal oxide film mainly composed of tin oxide is formed on the surface of an insulating substrate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART Conventionally, the resistor which formed the metal oxide film in cylindrical insulators, such as an alumina, and used this as a resistor has prevailed widely. FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of a conventional metal oxide film resistor. On the surface of the cylindrical insulator 11, a metal oxide film 12 mainly composed of thin tin oxide as a resistor is formed. Metal caps 19 and 19 ′ are fitted to both ends of the insulator 11 on which the metal oxide film 12 is formed, and lead terminals 21 and 21 ′ are fixed to the metal cap by welding or the like. A protective layer 14 made of a resin or an inorganic material is deposited on the surface of the metal oxide film 12.
[0003]
The manufacturing method of such a conventional metal oxide film resistor is roughly as follows. First, a substantially cylindrical insulator 11 is prepared. The insulator 11 is a ceramic material such as alumina, and has a diameter of about 1 to 8 mmφ and a length of about 3 to 75 mm. Next, this insulator is set in a furnace having a temperature of about 550 to about 750 ° C. and heated for about 10 to 50 minutes. Next, as a resistance (filming) material, for example, tin chloride and antimony chloride are used as starting materials, and sprayed or sprayed on the entire surface or the entire circumferential surface of the insulator at a temperature of about 550 to 850 ° C. A single layer metal oxide film 12 is applied. Then, metal caps 19 and 19 ′ for electrodes are press-fitted or fitted to both ends of the insulator 11 to which the metal oxide film 12 is attached. Further, the lead terminals 21 and 21 ′ are fixed to the metal caps 19 and 19 ′ by welding or the like.
[0004]
Next, the surface of the metal oxide film 12 is completely covered, and the protective film 14 is applied so that a part thereof covers the metal caps 19 and 19 ′. This protective film may be an organic material such as epoxy resin or silicon resin, or may be an inorganic material such as glass. The protective film 14 is formed by applying or dipping such a material and heating and curing or baking. After the formation of the protective film, heat treatment is performed at about 250 to 400 ° C. for about 10 minutes to 4 hours, thereby completing the metal oxide film resistor. Furthermore, trimming such as spiral cutting is performed as necessary to adjust the resistance value to a required accuracy.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in the conventional general method for manufacturing a metal oxide film resistor, a metal oxide film mainly composed of tin oxide serving as a resistor is formed in one layer. However, in order to obtain a finished product having a resistance value of 50 kΩ or more, the deposition time is shortened, and the resistance film must be thinned to, for example, about 0.5 μm. By the way, the insulator made of the above-mentioned ceramic material generally has a surface roughness of about 1 to 2 μm, so that the thickness of the metal oxide film is not uniformly formed, and the resistance value varies. There was a problem of being big. In addition, the resistance value fluctuates greatly after a high-temperature standing test or the like, causing a problem in a characteristic test or the like.
[0006]
In order to solve such problems, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-53601 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-238602 disclose a metal oxide film resistor having a three-layer structure. According to the publication, it is described that the resistance value of the conventional metal oxide film resistor can be improved from about 200Ω to about several tens of times. However, if the resistance value is further improved to about 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ, the disclosure content of the above publication is not always sufficient. Similarly, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-125502 discloses an invention in which a plurality of metal oxide film layers are formed in a metal oxide film resistor and a metal insulating film layer is inserted between each layer. By interposing the insulating layer in this way, an invention is disclosed in which diffusion of an alkali component from an insulating layer substrate such as alumina is prevented, thereby making it possible to reduce a change in resistance characteristic.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances. For example, a wide resistance value range of about 10Ω to 1MΩ can be obtained, and resistance fluctuations in various characteristic tests are small. The purpose is to provide a vessel.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The resistor of the present invention is a resistor in which a metal oxide film mainly composed of tin oxide is formed on the surface of an insulating substrate, and the metal oxide film is formed in three layers and is in close contact with the surface of the insulating substrate. The first layer and the third outermost layer are composed of the same tin oxide having a high specific resistance as a main component and a metal oxide layer containing nickel, and the second layer as an intermediate layer is a tin oxide having a low specific resistance. And a metal oxide layer containing antimony and nickel.
[0009]
According to the present invention described above, the metal film has a three-layer structure, so that the entire thickness of the resistor layer is increased, the second layer is a dominant resistance layer, and the first layer is The layer for stabilizing the resistance characteristics, the third layer is a protective film layer. Thereby, the second layer that dominates the resistance value can be made thin without being affected by the surface roughness of the insulating substrate due to the presence of the first layer. Therefore, by making this second layer a sandwich structure with the third layer that acts as a protective film, a high resistance value of 100 kΩ or more can be obtained, and the stability of characteristics in various tests such as temperature tests can be achieved. It becomes possible to improve.
[0010]
The present invention is further characterized in that ruthenium is added to the metal oxide layer. Thereby, resistance value control in a high resistance value region and stability such as resistance temperature characteristics can be improved.
[0011]
The resistor according to the present invention is characterized in that the third layer serves as a protective sheath and omits the protective sheath made of a resin or an inorganic material. Thereby, since the protective exterior by resin or an inorganic material can be abbreviate | omitted, the manufacturing process can be shortened and manufacturing cost can be reduced.
[0012]
In addition, the method for manufacturing a resistor of the present invention includes forming a metal oxide film having a high specific resistance of the first layer on a ceramic substrate using a compound containing tin, nickel, and ruthenium as starting materials, and tin, A metal oxide film having a low specific resistance of the second layer is formed using a compound containing antimony, nickel, and ruthenium as a starting material, and the ratio of the third layer is set using the same material as the starting material of the first layer. A metal oxide film having a high resistance is formed. This makes it possible to produce a metal oxide film resistor having a wide resistance value range and high characteristic stability.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0014]
FIG. 1 shows a metal oxide film resistor according to an embodiment of the present invention. A first layer metal oxide film 13, a second layer metal oxide film 15, and a third layer metal oxide film 17 are formed on a cylindrical ceramic insulator 11 such as alumina. Here, the cylindrical insulator 11 has a diameter of about 1 to 8 mmφ and a length of about 3 to 75 mm. The total film thickness of the metal oxide films 13, 15, and 17 is 2 μm or more, and the film thickness of the second layer that controls the resistance value can be arbitrarily adjusted to 0.1 μm or more.
[0015]
The first layer that is in close contact with the surface of the insulator 11 and the third outermost layer are formed by spraying the same raw material in a high-temperature furnace, and are layers having high specific resistance. That is, this layer is a layer mainly composed of tin oxide and containing nickel. The second layer, which is an intermediate layer, is a layer with a low specific resistance, and is a layer containing tin oxide as a main component and containing antimony and nickel. Metal caps 19 and 19 'are fixed to both ends of the insulator 11 by press fitting or fitting, and lead terminals 21 and 21' are fixed to the metal cap by welding or the like.
[0016]
As described above, in this metal oxide film resistor, the raw material liquids of the first layer and the third layer are made the same, whereby the same relatively high specific resistance can be obtained. And the 2nd layer which is an intermediate | middle layer has small specific resistance compared with the 1st layer and the 3rd layer. For this reason, the second layer that dominates the resistance value is sandwiched between the first layer and the third layer that play a role of a protective film, whereby a high resistance value and a good resistance temperature coefficient, Good characteristics with small fluctuations in resistance can be obtained by various temperature tests.
[0017]
As an example, preferable conditions for obtaining a high resistance value are as follows.
The thickness of the first layer is about 1.5μm
The thickness of the third layer is about 0.2μm
Specific resistance about 50kΩ / □
The thickness of the second layer is about 0.5μm
Specific resistance about 1kΩ / □
[0018]
The adjustment of the resistance value is basically performed by changing the concentration of tin chloride. For example, a low resistance value can be obtained by setting the amount of tin in the film forming solution to about 20%, and a medium resistance value can be obtained by setting the amount of tin in the film forming solution to 15%. A high resistance value can be obtained by setting the amount of tin to about 10%. In order to obtain a higher resistance value, ruthenium is added because there is a limit to the second-layer tin / antimony / nickel film-forming solution. As a result, the resistance value can be increased and characteristics such as the resistance temperature coefficient can be stabilized.
[0019]
For example, when ruthenium is not included in the second layer, when the maximum resistance value is about 100 kΩ, the maximum resistance value is improved to about 1 MΩ by adding ruthenium thereto. That is, by adding ruthenium to the second layer, the maximum resistance value can be improved to about 1 MΩ, which was conventionally limited to 100 kΩ. Further, assuming that the temperature coefficient of resistance when ruthenium is not contained in the first layer is about 400 ppm / ° C., the temperature coefficient of resistance can be improved to about 80 ppm / ° C. by adding ruthenium thereto. That is, in the low resistance value region, it is possible to significantly reduce the temperature coefficient of resistance by adding ruthenium to the first layer or the third layer. Furthermore, the addition of ruthenium narrows the range of variation in characteristics as in the case of adding nickel to the tin / antimony system, and improves the stability of the characteristics.
[0020]
In the second layer, tin oxide is the main component, and antimony is effective for imparting conductivity to the tin oxide film and adjusting resistance temperature characteristics by containing antimony and nickel. Life characteristics can be stabilized. For example, when the second layer is formed only with tin / antimony, the average resistance value change rate after 1000 hours of the load life test is about -14% as an example. The average resistance value change rate can be improved to about -0.7%.
[0021]
Next, the outline | summary is demonstrated about the manufacturing method of the metal oxide film resistor of this invention. First, the above insulator is put into a furnace and preheated. Preheating is performed, for example, at 550 to 850 ° C. for about 5 to 120 minutes. Next, the following starting materials are prepared, and the metal oxide films 13, 15, and 17 are respectively formed on the insulator 11 by spraying continuously with the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer. The spraying conditions for each layer are a temperature of 550 to 850 ° C. and a spraying time of about 2 minutes to 90 minutes.
[0022]
Figure 0004746768
Use the following diluents as needed.
Figure 0004746768
[0023]
Next, after the insulator having been sprayed with the metal oxide film is taken out of the furnace and cooled, the metal caps 19 and 19 'are press-fitted or fitted and fixed. Then, the lead terminals 21 and 21 ′ are fixed to the metal caps 19 and 19 ′ by welding or the like. In the conventional technology, a protective film is then formed on all models. However, in this three-layered metal oxide film, the third metal film layer serves as a protective film. For models equipped with this protective film, this exterior protective film is not mounted. This shortens the manufacturing process and reduces the manufacturing cost.
[0024]
Next, heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 250 to 400 ° C. for about 10 minutes to 8 hours to stabilize the characteristics. Thereby, the metal oxide film resistor in the stage before trimming is completed. Then, if necessary, trimming by spiral cutting or the like is performed to adjust the resistance value.
[0025]
Through the above steps, it becomes possible to produce a metal oxide film resistor having a target resistance value of 10Ω to 1MΩ. By adding antimony and nickel in the second layer, and further adding ruthenium to each layer, a high resistance value can be obtained. Further, characteristics such as a temperature coefficient of resistance and a variation in resistance value in various tests can be improved. In addition, the chloride in the said raw material is oxidized in a furnace, and a metal oxide is formed.
[0026]
For example, in a conventional product having a completed resistance value of 4.7 kΩ or more, the thickness of the metal oxide film is as thin as about 0.4 μm, and the resistance value fluctuation is 2% or more in a high temperature standing test at 200 ° C. for 500 hours. Were present. On the other hand, in the product having the same resistance value as described above according to the present invention, the total thickness of the metal oxide film is 2 μm or more, and the resistance value variation after the same high temperature standing test at 200 ° C. for 500 hours is 0.2%. It was the following. That is, by sandwiching the low specific resistance layer between the high specific resistance first layer and the third layer in a sandwich shape, the overall film thickness is increased, and the controllability of the second layer resistor is improved accordingly. Is done. In particular, by adding two or more kinds of metals, antimony and nickel, and ruthenium oxide in addition to tin oxide to the second layer that controls the resistance value, the above-described high resistance value and stable characteristics can be obtained. Become.
[0027]
The above embodiment describes one preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it goes without saying that various modified embodiments are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention. That is, although the example which uses a metal chloride as a starting material was demonstrated about the said manufacturing method, the compound which can obtain the same metal oxide other than a chloride can be used. In the low resistance product, a two-layer method in which the first layer is omitted, the second layer to be a conductive layer is thickened, and the third layer is an insulating film can be employed.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a resistor having a metal oxide film that can obtain a high resistance value and good characteristics such as a small resistance value fluctuation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a metal oxide film resistor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional metal oxide film resistor.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 Insulating substrate 13 First metal oxide layer 15 Second metal oxide layer 17 Third metal oxide layer 19, 19 ′ Metal cap 21, 21 ′ Lead terminal

Claims (5)

酸化錫を主成分とする酸化金属皮膜を絶縁性基体の表面に形成した抵抗器において、
前記酸化金属皮膜を三層に構成し、
前記絶縁性基体の表面に密着する第1層と最外層の第3層とを比抵抗の高い同一の酸化錫を主成分とし、ニッケルとルテニウムを含有する酸化金属層で構成し、
中間層である第2層を比抵抗の低い酸化錫を主成分とし、アンチモンとニッケルとルテニウムを含有する酸化金属層で構成したことを特徴とする抵抗器。
In a resistor in which a metal oxide film mainly composed of tin oxide is formed on the surface of an insulating substrate,
The metal oxide film is composed of three layers,
The first layer and the outermost third layer that are in close contact with the surface of the insulating substrate are composed of the same tin oxide having a high specific resistance as a main component, and are composed of a metal oxide layer containing nickel and ruthenium .
A resistor characterized in that the second layer as an intermediate layer is composed of a metal oxide layer containing tin oxide having a low specific resistance as a main component and containing antimony, nickel and ruthenium .
第1層の膜厚が最も厚く、第3層の膜厚が最も薄いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の抵抗器。 The resistor according to claim 1, wherein the first layer has the largest thickness and the third layer has the smallest thickness . セラミックス基体上に、塩化錫と、塩化ニッケルと、塩化ルテニウムを出発原料として第1層の比抵抗の高い酸化金属皮膜を形成し、
塩化錫と、塩化アンチモンと、塩化ニッケルと、塩化ルテニウムとを出発原料として第2層の比抵抗の低い酸化金属皮膜を形成し、
前記第1層の出発原料として第2層の比抵抗の低い酸化金属皮膜を形成し、前記第1層の出発原料と同一の原料を用いて第3層の比抵抗の高い酸化金属皮膜を形成することを特徴とする抵抗器の製造方法。
On the ceramic substrate, a tin oxide, nickel chloride, and ruthenium chloride are used as starting materials to form a first layer metal oxide film with high specific resistance,
Forming a metal oxide film with low specific resistance of the second layer using tin chloride, antimony chloride, nickel chloride and ruthenium chloride as starting materials,
A metal oxide film having a low specific resistance of the second layer is formed as a starting material of the first layer, and a metal oxide film having a high specific resistance of the third layer is formed using the same material as the starting material of the first layer. A method of manufacturing a resistor.
前記第1層および前記第3層の出発原料は、30〜85%の塩化錫と、0.01〜5%の塩化ニッケルと、0.01〜1%の塩化ルテニウムを含み、
前記第2層の出発原料は、10〜75%の塩化錫と、0.01〜12%の塩化アンチモンと、0.01〜5%の塩化ニッケルと、0.01〜1%の塩化ルテニウムを含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の抵抗器の製造方法。
The starting materials of the first layer and the third layer include 30 to 85% tin chloride, 0.01 to 5% nickel chloride, and 0.01 to 1% ruthenium chloride,
The starting material for the second layer is 10 to 75% tin chloride, 0.01 to 12% antimony chloride, 0.01 to 5% nickel chloride, and 0.01 to 1% ruthenium chloride. The manufacturing method of the resistor of Claim 3 characterized by the above-mentioned.
セラミックス基体上に、錫と、ニッケルと、ルテニウムをそれぞれ含む化合物を出発原料として第1層の比抵抗の高い酸化金属皮膜を形成し、
錫と、アンチモンと、ニッケルと、ルテニウムとをそれぞれ含む化合物を出発原料として第2層の比抵抗の低い酸化金属皮膜を形成し、
前記第1層の出発原料と同一の原料を用いて第3層の比抵抗の高い酸化金属皮膜を形成することを特徴とする抵抗器の製造方法。
On the ceramic substrate, a metal oxide film having a high specific resistance of the first layer is formed using a compound containing tin, nickel, and ruthenium as starting materials,
Forming a metal oxide film having a low specific resistance of the second layer using a compound containing tin, antimony, nickel and ruthenium as starting materials,
A method of manufacturing a resistor, comprising forming a metal oxide film having a high specific resistance of the third layer using the same raw material as the starting material of the first layer.
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