JP4748749B2 - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an excavator that excavates a natural ground having various geological features including a rock layer with a small diameter, and in particular, an excavator that realizes good excavation by rationally arranging roller bits despite the small diameter. It is about.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When laying pipes in the ground, the shield method or semi-shield method is adopted depending on the diameter of the pipe line to be laid and the condition of the ground. The excavator used in these construction methods has a cutter head at the tip, and by propelling the cutter head while rotating, the excavation member attached to the cutter head excavates natural ground, and the excavated earth and sand are removed. It is configured so that it can be discharged to the outside.
[0003]
As the excavating member attached to the cutter head, one that can excavate the natural ground most efficiently is adopted. In particular, when the natural ground is a rock layer, a roller bit is employed. A plurality of roller bits are attached to the cutter head, are pressed against the rock by thrust applied to the excavator, and excavate the face as the cutter head rotates. These roller bits are arranged on the radiation from the center of the cutter head and at different distances, and the individual roller bits are rotatably attached to the cutter head.
[0004]
When excavating natural ground with an excavator, the propulsion direction of the excavator may deviate from the planned laying line as the propulsion length is extended. In this case, the shield body with the cutter head and the tail shield are refracted. Direction control is performed to propel the excavator and return it to the planned laying line.
[0005]
When excavating a rock layer, if the excavation diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the main body of the excavator, the shield body and tail shield cannot be refracted, and direction control cannot be performed. For this reason, the excavation diameter is set larger than the outer diameters of the excavator main body (shield main body, tail shield) and the propulsion pipe (overcut). That is, when excavating a rock layer, the outermost roller bit provided in the cutter head is arranged at a position where a preset overcut can be realized.
[0006]
Here, an example of arrangement of roller bits in the cutter head will be described. For example, in Utility Model Registration No. 3067124 (first known example), the surface of the cutter head is divided every 120 degrees with respect to the center, and three sub-conical bit bodies are provided on each radius and on the center side. The three main conical bit bodies are arranged on a radius which is arranged and further shifted by 60 degrees. Furthermore, a cylindrical bit body that cuts the side surface of the hole is disposed at a position corresponding to the outermost peripheral portion of the cutter head.
[0007]
Therefore, in the above technique, the rock face of the face facing the front of the cutter head is excavated by the three sub-conical bit bodies and the three main conical bit bodies, and overcutting is performed by the cylindrical bit body.
[0008]
Further, since the roller bit is worn as the excavation length increases, it is generally configured to be detachable from the cutter head. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-256785 (second known example) is a technique related to a roller bit fixture that can prevent a mounting bolt from loosening due to a repeated load that acts during excavation. In general, each of the roller bits is rotatably attached to an independently constructed fixture.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As in the excavator according to the first known example, in the configuration in which the conical bit body is arranged on a radius obtained by dividing the front surface of the cutter head into 60 degrees, the excavation diameter is large and the conical bit body is specially arranged. No problem arises. However, there is a problem that there is a limit when trying to reduce the drilling diameter.
[0010]
In other words, since the sub-conical bit body and the main conical bit body are arranged for each radius divided by 60 degrees, when the drilling diameter is reduced, when the arrangement positions of the respective bit bodies are brought close to each other, The limit is that three bit bodies are arranged in the cutter head. For this reason, there is a problem that the burden on each bit body is large and the propulsion speed cannot be increased, and consumption is promoted.
[0011]
Further, as disclosed in the second known example, each roller bit is rotatably attached to an independent fixture and attached to the cutter head. For this reason, there is a problem in that there is a limit in attaching the roller bit close to each other, and there is a limit in reducing the excavation diameter.
[0012]
In addition, as in the excavator disclosed in the first known example, it is common to provide a dedicated cylindrical bit body on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head in order to perform overcutting. There is a problem in that the bit body dedicated for cutting becomes an obstacle and the limit of the excavation diameter occurs.
[0013]
Further, when overcutting is attempted with the main conical bit body as shown in the first known example, as shown in FIG. 7, the bit side surface and the ground that are press-fitted into the tapered surface 51 a of the main conical bit body 51 are shown. The value of the angle α formed with the line based on the excavation diameter of 53 is small, and the outer peripheral end side of the base material base portion 51b of the main conical bit body 51 and the bit end press-fitted into the outer peripheral base portion 51b are being excavated. It is constantly rubbed against the side wall of a certain ground 53, and wear is promoted, and the bit falls off. As a result, the replacement time of the main conical bit body 51 is advanced, and it is difficult to propel long distances with a small diameter in the gravel ground, and in the case of rock bed, it is difficult to hit and break, and the crushing efficiency is lowered. is there.
[0014]
An object of the present invention is to provide an excavator capable of realizing good excavation by rationally arranging roller bits when excavating a natural ground made of a rock layer with a small diameter.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, an excavator according to the present invention is an excavator provided with a cutter head for excavating natural ground at the tip, and a plurality of tapered surfaces continuous with a first line passing through the center of the cutter head. Two cone-type roller bits having one end formed in a pointed shape with a pointed portion approaching each other, and a base plate configured to be detachable from the cutter head frame, and one of the base plates Two saddles projecting on the surface of the saddle with a predetermined interval, and a shaft attached to each of the saddles so as to be inclined toward the front side toward the center of the cutter head. A cone having a plurality of tapered surfaces which are rotatably attached to the respective axes of the detachable bracket and which are continuous with a second line passing through the center of the cutter head and perpendicular to the first line. The two truncated cone-shaped roller bits are arranged, and the truncated cone-shaped roller bits are configured to be detachable with respect to brackets fixed at opposite positions on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head frame. When the mounting shaft is rotatably mounted on the mounting shaft and the mounting shaft is mounted on the bracket, Frustum type roller bit And at least one tapered surface of the frustoconical roller bit is located on a surface substantially orthogonal to the axis of the cutter head, and the taper is arranged. The taper surface corresponding to the outer peripheral portion side of the cutter head is configured as a surface that is retreated from a surface substantially orthogonal to the axis of the cutter head.
[0016]
In the excavator, two cone-type roller bits (hereinafter referred to as “corn bits”) having a plurality of continuous taper surfaces and one end formed in a pointed shape on a first line passing through the center of the cutter head are provided. Two frustoconical roller bits (hereinafter referred to as a truncated cone shape) having a plurality of tapered surfaces arranged in close proximity to each other and having a plurality of tapered surfaces continuous with a second line orthogonal to the first line. "Conical bit") is arranged so that either end corresponds to the target excavation diameter, so four roller bits consisting of two cone bits and two conical bits in a small diameter range Can be arranged. For this reason, when excavating a natural ground made of a rock layer, it is possible to achieve good cutting by pressing the four roller bits against the face.
[0017]
That is, two cone bits are arranged along a second line orthogonal to the first line by disposing the two cone bits on the first line passing through the center with the pointed portions facing each other. A wide space corresponding to a portion expanding from the tip-shaped portion of the bit can be formed, and two conical bits can be arranged on the second line so as to correspond to the space.
[0018]
Therefore, regardless of the reduction in the area of the cutter head due to the small excavation diameter, it is possible to arrange four roller bits, and it is possible to reduce the burden on each roller bit and realize rational excavation. I can do it.
[0019]
Further, in the above-described excavator, two saddles are provided on a base plate that can be attached to and detached from the cutter head, and the cone bits are rotatably attached to the saddle, so that the two cone bits can be attached to and detached from the cutter head. I can do it. Therefore, the cone bit can be easily exchanged with a simple operation.
[0020]
Further, in the above-described excavator, the tapered surface on the outer peripheral side of the conical bit is configured as a surface that recedes from a surface substantially orthogonal to the axis of the cutter head, so that the excavation diameter is provided by the tip of the bit provided on this surface. Can be expanded. For this reason, it is possible to increase the excavation diameter without having to change the height of the bracket that rotatably supports the roller bit or the conical bit for a special side surface.
[0021]
In addition, since the angle formed by the tapered surface of the conical bit and the wall surface of the already excavated ground can be made larger than the conventional angle, it is press-fitted into the outer peripheral side of the conical bit and the tapered surface on the outer peripheral side. The bit is separated from the side of the natural ground. For this reason, the outer peripheral portion of the conical bit and the base portion of the press-fitted bit are not rubbed against the natural ground, and wear and bit dropping off can be prevented.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the excavator will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view for explaining a cone bit and a cone bit provided on a cutter head. FIG. 2 is a front view for explaining the arrangement of cone bits and cone bits in the cutter head. FIG. 3 is a view for explaining an assembly of corn bits. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the conical bit. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the conical bit and the natural ground. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the overall configuration of the excavator.
[0023]
The excavator according to the present invention has a larger number of roller bits than the conventional excavator even when the excavator is rationally arranged to reduce the excavation diameter and hence the cutter head area. Thus, the bedrock layer can be advantageously excavated.
[0024]
First, the overall configuration of the excavator will be briefly described with reference to FIG. This excavator has a shield body 1 and a tail shield 2, and a cutter head A is attached to the tip of the shield body 1. The shield main body 1 and the tail shield 2 are connected via two hydraulic jacks 3 and a rod (not shown). By supplying pressure oil to each hydraulic jack 3 independently, the shield main body 1 and the tail shield 2 can be set in a desired manner. It is possible to refract in the direction and at the desired angle. And it is comprised so that the propulsion direction of an excavation machine can be controlled by propelling | shielding the shield main body 1 and the tail shield 2 in the state refracted mutually.
[0025]
The shield body 1 is provided with a partition wall 4. A cutting chamber 5 in which the cutter head A is disposed is formed on the front side (left side in FIG. 1) of the partition wall, and on the rear side (right side in FIG. 1). A cabin 6 is formed.
[0026]
The earth removal chamber 5 takes in and crushes the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head A, or takes in and crushes the gravel excavated from the bedrock layer, and the cone rotor 7 having the functions of earth and sand compaction and gravel crushing is rotatable. Is arranged. Further, a muddy water chamber 8 is provided in succession to the earth cutting chamber 5 to take earth and sand, crushed gravel, crushed pieces and the like into the in-machine chamber 6 together with muddy water.
[0027]
The cabin 6 contains equipment necessary for propelling the excavator, a drive unit 9 including a motor for driving the cutter head A, a reduction gear, a transmission, and a planned laying of the excavator for propulsion. An optical system 10 for detecting a displacement amount and a displacement direction from the line, a hydraulic device 11 including a hydraulic pump and a control valve for supplying pressure oil to the hydraulic jack 3, and other devices are disposed at predetermined positions. . Further, a mud pipe 12 for supplying muddy water whose specific gravity has been adjusted in advance to the earth cutting chamber 5 and a mud pipe 13 for discharging the earth and sand and mud water in the muddy water chamber 8 are disposed in the cabin 6.
[0028]
In the excavator configured as described above, muddy water is supplied from the mud pipe 12 to the earth cutting chamber 5 to prevent the collapse of the natural ground, and the cutter head A is driven by the drive device 9 while the starter shaft (not shown) is provided. By applying thrust from the installed main pushing device, the cutter head A is pressed against the ground and excavated, and the excavated earth and sand and gravel are taken into the earth cutting chamber 5. And supplied to the muddy water chamber 8 after being compacted or further finely crushed. Then, the muddy water, earth and sand, and crushed pieces in the muddy water chamber 8 are discharged to the outside through the mud pipe 13.
[0029]
As described above, it is propelled while excavating the natural ground by the excavator. At this time, by making the excavator follow a propulsion pipe such as a fume pipe, a steel pipe, or a synthetic resin pipe, it is possible to embed these propulsion pipes in the ground and lay a target pipe line.
[0030]
Next, the configuration of the cutter head A in the excavator according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. 2, and a portion indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1 is a surface excavated by the cutter head A (excavated surface B).
[0031]
The cutter head A is attached to a shaft 9a of a drive device 9 provided in the shield body 1, and is driven by the drive device 9 to rotate in a desired direction, and excavates natural ground along with this rotation. The cutter head A is substantially orthogonal to the first spoke 22 and the frame 21 attached to the shaft 9a, the two cone bits 23 provided on the first line (first spoke 22) passing through the center of the frame 21, and the first spoke 22. It has two conical bits 25 provided on the second line (second spoke 24), a scraper 26, and an outer peripheral bit 27.
[0032]
The frame 21 includes a boss 21a fitted to the shaft 9a of the drive device 9, a first spoke 22 along a diameter passing through the center of the frame 21, and a second spoke along a diameter substantially orthogonal to the first spoke 22. 24, a ring member 21 b disposed on the outer periphery of the frame 21, and a stirring blade 21 c disposed on the rear side of each spoke 22, 24 (on the side of the earthing chamber 5). The boss 21 a and each spoke 22 , 24, the ring member 21b and the stirring blade 21c are configured to be welded at mutual contact portions so as to exhibit high rigidity and strength. The frame 21 is fixed to the shaft 9a by bolts 21d.
[0033]
In the frame 21, a space defined by the outer peripheral surface of the boss 21 a and the inner peripheral surface of the ring member 21 b and between the spokes 22 and 24, the front side (cut face side) of the cutter head A and the earth cutting chamber 5. A gap 28 is formed to allow communication between the two. Therefore, the earth and sand, gravel or crushed pieces excavated with the rotation of the cutter head A are taken into the earth cutting chamber 5 through the gap 28.
[0034]
Two cone bits 23 are attached to the first spoke 22 so as to be close to each other. These cone bits 23 are brought into contact with the first spoke 22 from the front side, are positioned by a knock pin 31, and are fixed by attaching a bolt 32 to a screw hole 22a formed in the first spoke 22. It is detachably and rotatably attached via 30.
[0035]
The cone bit 23 is formed by a plurality of continuous tapered surfaces 23a to 23d. The shape and dimensions of the cone bit 23 are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to conditions such as the excavation diameter set in the excavator A. In this embodiment, the cone bit 23 is formed in a frame shape composed of a plurality of tapered surfaces 23a to 23d, and among the tapered surfaces, the tapered surfaces 23a to 23c are assumed to be one end portion. The taper surface 23d is set so that the diameter decreases toward the other end side. Furthermore, a flat surface 23e is formed at the pointed portion assumed at one end.
[0036]
Although the two cone bits 23 have different flat surfaces 23e formed at the pointed portions, the dimensions and shapes of the continuous tapered surfaces 23a to 23e are formed with substantially the same values. In addition, a plurality of bits 29 made of cemented carbide are embedded in each of the tapered surfaces 23a to 23c, and the bits 29 are configured so as to be able to excavate the rock that forms the face.
[0037]
Since the two cone bits 23 excavate the center side of the face, when each cone bit 23 is the same, the bit 29 comes into contact with the same part of the face and excavates, which may reduce the excavation efficiency. is there. For this reason, when the shape of each cone bit 23 is made equal, the arrangement positions of the bits 29 embedded in the respective taper surfaces 23a to 23c are set not to be the same position but to alternate positions.
[0038]
When each cone bit 23 is attached to the detachable bracket 30, the tapered surfaces 23 a to 23 c are arranged so as to face a surface (excavation surface B) substantially orthogonal to the axis of the cutter head A. Accordingly, the axis 23f of the cone bit 23 is inclined (see FIG. 1) with a preset angle corresponding to the condition including the taper angle of the taper surfaces 23a to 23c.
[0039]
The detachable bracket 30 has a base plate 30 a and two saddles 30 b provided corresponding to the two cone bits 23. The base plate 30a is attached to the first spoke 22 via bolts 32. A plurality of bolt holes 30c are formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and the positioning is such that the positioning knock pins 31 are fitted at predetermined positions. A hole 30d is formed.
[0040]
A shaft 33 for rotatably supporting the cone bit 23 is attached to each saddle 30b at a predetermined angle. When the cone bit 23 is attached to the shaft 33, the tapered surface 23a of each cone bit 23 is attached. ˜23c can be opposed to the excavation surface B.
[0041]
The inclination angle of the shaft 33 in the saddle 30b is set according to the angle of the tapered surfaces 23a to 23c in the cone bit 23 and the conditions of the excavation surface B as described above. Not what you get. In the present embodiment, the angle of the shaft 33 is set so that it can be inclined forward at about 45 degrees from the outer peripheral side of the cutter head A toward the center.
[0042]
The saddles 30b in the base plate 30a are distributed with substantially equal dimensions with respect to the center of the cutter head A, and this dimension is the value at which the pointed portion of the cone bit 23 can be approached most closely without adversely affecting the excavation work. Set as Accordingly, the distance between the two saddles 30b is set corresponding to the size of the cone bit 23 according to the formation position of the flat surface 23e.
[0043]
A projection 30e is formed on the saddle 30b, and a shaft 33 is provided through the projection 30e. The shaft 33 is provided so as to penetrate the saddle 30b, and an end portion projects like a cantilever, and a cone bit 23 is rotatably attached to the projecting portion. Particularly, an inner ring member 23g is fitted to the protruding portion of the shaft 33 so that the cone bit 23 can smoothly rotate, and a ball or roller disposed between the inner ring member 23g and the inner peripheral surface of the cone bit 23. A rolling bearing is constituted by the rolling member 23h such as.
[0044]
A through hole 33a is formed along the axis of the shaft 33. Lubricating oil is supplied to a chamber 23i formed between the inner ring member 23g and the inner peripheral surface of the cone bit 23 using the through hole 33a. It is configured so that it can be injected.
[0045]
In the cone bit 23 attached to the detachable bracket 30 as described above, the saddle 30b is not formed on the first spoke 22 by means such as welding directly, but is configured as the detachable bracket 30. For this reason, by attaching / detaching the detachable bracket 30 to / from the first spoke 22, the cone bit 23 can be detached from the frame 21, and when the cone bit 23 is worn out or the bit 29 is worn, By loosening the bolt 32 from the front side of 21, it can be easily removed and replaced.
[0046]
A second spoke 24 that passes through the center of the frame 21 and is substantially orthogonal to the first spoke 22 is confronted with each other, and a conical bit 25 is rotatably provided. At least one of the conical bits 25 provided on the second spoke 24 is arranged so that the excavable end portion corresponds to a preset excavation diameter.
[0047]
The conical bit 25 is composed of a plurality of continuous tapered surfaces 25a to 25d. The tapered surfaces 25a to 25c are reduced in diameter toward one end, and the tapered surface 25d is decreased in diameter toward the other side. Is set to Further, the conical bit 25 is formed in a truncated cone shape in which each end side is cut by a plane. However, the conical bit 25 is not necessarily limited to the above shape, and a part of the tapered surface (for example, the tapered surface 25b or 25c) may be a cylindrical surface parallel to the axis 25f.
[0048]
A plurality of bits 29 made of cemented carbide are embedded in the tapered surfaces 25a to 25c constituting the conical bit 25, respectively. The conical bit 25 is disposed so as to excavate the outer peripheral portion of the face. For this reason, even when the same conical bit 25 is used, the excavation efficiency does not significantly decrease. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the same conical bit 25 is disposed on the second spoke 24.
[0049]
The conical bit 25 is rotatably and detachably attached to a bracket 35 fixed to a predetermined position of the second spoke 24. When the conical bit 25 is attached to the bracket 35, the tapered surface 25a faces a surface (excavation surface B) substantially orthogonal to the axis of the frame 21. Therefore, at least the taper surface 25c (preferably taper surfaces 25b and 25c) is formed so as to be separated from the excavation surface B, and the taper surface 25d is formed so as to escape from the projecting end of the taper surface 25c to the center side of the frame 21. Has been.
[0050]
That is, the conical bit 25 has an edge portion where the tapered surface 25c and the tapered surface 25d intersect with each other corresponding to the maximum diameter for excavating the face, and the side surface of the bit press-fitted into the tapered surface 25c. The angle β formed with the wall of the excavated natural ground is formed at an angle larger than the angle α formed between the bit pressed into the conventional conical bit (the main conical bit shown in FIG. 7) and the wall of the natural ground. Yes. And the taper surface 25d is comprised so that the clearance gap 37 (refer FIG. 5) can be formed between the wall surfaces of the natural ground excavated by the conical bit 25. FIG.
[0051]
For this reason, the bracket 35 has an axial center 25f so that the tapered surface 25a of the conical bit 25 can face the excavation surface B (so that the tapered surface 25a is located in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axial center of the frame 21). It is comprised so that it can incline and support (refer FIG. 1). The inclination angle of the axis 25f of the conical bit 25 is set according to the taper angle of the tapered surface 25a formed on the conical bit 25.
[0052]
With the conical bit 25 configured as described above, when excavating the face, as shown in FIG. 5, the tapered surface 25a excavates a surface substantially orthogonal to the axis of the frame 21 to form the excavation surface B. Is possible. Further, since the tapered surface 25c is formed so as to escape backward from the tapered surface 25a, the tip portion of the bit 29 provided on the tapered surface 25c protrudes more in the outer peripheral direction. For this reason, it is possible to increase the excavation diameter by the conical bit 25 without changing the diameter of the frame 21, and it is possible to eliminate the need for a special roller bit for excavating the inner peripheral surface of the natural ground composed of rock layers. is there.
[0053]
Further, since a relatively large gap 37 is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the excavation hole formed in the natural ground and the tapered surface 25d of the conical bit 25, the bit pressed into the tapered surface 25c The edge does not always rub against the wall of the natural ground, and it is possible to prevent wear and bits from falling off, and even if rock fragments such as rock fragments are clogged between the bit 29 and the excavation hole The propulsion resistance is not increased and the bit 29 is not extremely worn.
[0054]
Further, the conical bit 25 is provided with a bearing (not shown) inside, and both ends of the shaft 36 inserted through the bearing are attached to the mounting portion 35a of the bracket 35 by bolts 36a, so that the shaft 36 rotates. It is attached to the bracket 35 in a removable manner.
[0055]
The scraper 26 is arranged mainly for excavating a natural ground consisting of a sediment layer, and is detachably attached to a mounting seat 38 fixed to the ring member 21b of the frame 21 by means of welding or the like by means of bolts 36a. Yes.
[0056]
The outer peripheral bit 27 is arranged for excavating the outer peripheral surface of a natural ground mainly composed of earth and sand layers, and with respect to a seat 29 arranged at a position corresponding to the outer peripheral portion of the first spoke 22 of the ring member 21b. The bolt 39a is detachably attached.
[0057]
In the cutter head A configured as described above, a large space can be formed on both sides of the first spoke 22 by attaching the two cone bits 23 to the linear first spoke 22 so as to face each other. In this space, it is possible to arrange the two conical bits 25 without any trouble. For this reason, it is possible to configure an excavator that can effectively execute excavation of the rock by arranging the four roller bits 23 and 25 by effectively utilizing the front surface of the frame 21.
[0058]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, in the excavator according to the present invention, two cone bits are arranged close to each other at the first spoke passing through the center of the cutter head, and perpendicular to the first spoke. Since the conical bit is arranged on the second spoke so that either end thereof corresponds to the outer peripheral portion of the excavation diameter, four roller bits can be arranged even though the excavation diameter is small. For this reason, regardless of the reduction in the area of the cutter head due to the small excavation diameter, four roller bits can be arranged, and rational excavation can be realized by reducing the burden on each roller bit. I can do it.
[0059]
Further, since two saddles are provided on the base plate that can be attached to and detached from the cutter head, and the cone bit is rotatably attached to the saddle, the two cone bits can be attached and detached by attaching and detaching the base plate to the cutter head. Therefore, the cone bit can be easily exchanged with a simple operation.
[0060]
Further, at least one tapered surface of the conical bit is located on a surface substantially orthogonal to the axis of the cutter head, and a tapered surface corresponding to the outer peripheral portion side of the cutter head is continuous with the tapered surface. Therefore, a natural ground can be excavated by the bit tip provided on the receding surface. For this reason, a drilling diameter can be expanded, without providing a special roller bit in order to excavate the internal peripheral surface of a natural ground.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating a cone bit and a cone bit provided on a cutter head.
FIG. 2 is a front view for explaining the arrangement of cone bits and cone bits in the cutter head.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an assembly of corn bits.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a conical bit.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a conical bit and a natural ground.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the overall configuration of the excavator.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a problem.
[Explanation of symbols]
A Cutter head
B Drilling surface
1 Shield body
2 Tail shield
3 Hydraulic jack
4 Bulkhead
5 Cutting room
6 cabin
7 Cone rotor
8 Mud chamber
9 Drive unit
9a axis
10 Optical system
11 Hydraulic system
12 Mud pipe
13 Waste pipe
21 frames
21a Boss
21b Ring member
21c stirring blade
21d bolt
22 First spoke
22a Screw hole
23 Cornbit
23a-23d, 25a-25d
Tapered surface
23e plane
23f, 25f axis
23g Inner ring member
23h Rolling member
23i room
24 Second spoke
25 cone bit
26 Scraper
27 Peripheral bit
28 Air gap
29 bits
30 Detachable bracket
30a base plate
30b saddle
30c Bolt hole
30d positioning hole
31 dowel pin
32 volts
33 axes
33a Through hole
30e Protrusion
35 Bracket
36 axes
36a bolt
37 gap
38 Mounting base
39 seats

Claims (1)

An excavator provided with a cutter head for excavating a natural ground at the tip, which has a plurality of tapered surfaces continuous with a first line passing through the center of the cutter head and having one end formed in a pointed shape The mold roller bits are arranged with their pointed portions close to each other, and a base plate configured to be detachable from the frame of the cutter head, and one surface of the base plate protruding with a preset interval. A cutter head rotatably attached to each shaft of a detachable bracket comprising two saddles and a shaft attached to each saddle so as to protrude forward toward the center of the cutter head. Two frustoconical roller bits formed in the shape of a truncated cone having a plurality of tapered surfaces that are continuous with the second line passing through the center of the first line and perpendicular to the first line. The frustoconical roller bit is rotatably attached to an attachment shaft configured to be detachable with respect to brackets fixed to opposite positions of the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head frame. when attached to the bracket with respect to the axis of the at least one tapered surface cutter head of frustoconical type roller bit with at least one end of the truncated cone type roller bits are arranged so as to correspond to the drilling diameter of the object A tapered surface that is located on a substantially orthogonal surface and that is continuous with the tapered surface and that corresponds to the outer peripheral side of the cutter head is configured as a surface that recedes from a surface that is substantially orthogonal to the axis of the cutter head. An excavator characterized by

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