JP4763066B2 - 分析物測定および免疫アッセイ法のための装置および方法 - Google Patents
分析物測定および免疫アッセイ法のための装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
その最も広い側面において、本発明は、例えば、事故部位、救急室で、外科で、集中治療室で、および更に非医学的な環境での使用を含む臨床的な診断の分野の観点で使用することができる液体試料中の分析物のインサイチュウでの迅速な決定のための装置および方法に関する。
関心対象の分析物のための臨床検査の多くは、診断、スクリーニング、疾患進度、法医学的な分析、妊娠検定、薬物試験、およびその他の理由のために、生体試料に対して行われる。妊娠テストなどの少数の定性試験では、患者の家庭での使用ための単純なキットに変形されているが、大部分の定量試験は、精巧な装備を使用する研究室設定での訓練された技術者の専門知識が必要である。研究室での試験により、解析の費用が増大し、結果が遅れる。多くの状況において、遅延は、たとえば心筋梗塞の解析でのマーカー指標などの患者の症状または予後に有害であり得る。これらの重要な局面およびその他において、看護の場所で、このような解析を正確に、安価に、および最小の遅延で行うことができることは有利である。
したがって、上述した不利な点および欠点を回避して、液体試料中の分析物を決定するための改善された装置および方法を提供することが本発明の目的である。
節Aにおいて、本発明の免疫センサーの特定の態様の記述を、これらを使用する3つの実施例とともに提供する。節Bにおいて、これを使用する1つの実施例と共に好ましい態様を記載してある。
カートリッジの構築:
図を参照し、本発明のカートリッジは、カバー図1、2、基盤図4、および基盤とカバーの間に配置された薄膜付着性のガスケット図3を含む。ここで図1を参照し、カバー1は、強固な材料、好ましくはプラスチックでできていて、亀裂のない柔軟なヒンジ領域5、9、10で繰り返し変形ができる。カバーは、柔軟なヒンジ9によってカバーの主本体部に付着された蓋2を含む。操作の際に、チャンバ34を保持する試料に試料を導入後、蓋は、試料侵入ポート4への入口を通じて試料の漏出を防止することを確実にすることができ、蓋により、かぎ3によって適当な状態に保持される。カバーは、2つのパドル6、7をさらに含み、カバーの本体に関して移動可能であり、柔軟なヒンジ領域5、10によってこれに付着されている。操作の際に、ポンプ手段によって操作したときに、パドル6は、薄膜ガスケット21によって被覆された空隙43の中に含まれる空気袋によって力を及ぼし、カートリッジの導管内で液体を移動させる。第2のポンプ手段によって操作したときに、パドル7は、ガスケット21に力を及ぼされ、その中でスリット22を切断することにより、これを変形することができる。カートリッジは、読出装置に挿入するように適合され、したがって、この目的のために複数の機械的および電気的な結合を有する。カートリッジの手動操作が可能なことも、明らかなはずである。したがって、読出装置へのカートリッジの挿入により、ガスケットは、空隙42に位置する約130μLの分析物/洗浄液溶液(「液体」)で満たされた液体を含有する箔パック上に圧力を伝え、スパイク38によりパッケージを破裂させ、導管39に液体を放出し、これが基盤内を横断する短い導管を経てセンサー導管に接続される。解析液体は、毛細管栓として作用するテープ・ガスケットの小さな開口部上に、液体を押して、最初に解析導管の前端を満たす。解析導管内の制御された位置で、解析液体に1つまたは複数のセグメントを注入するために、カートリッジに適用されるアナライザー機構のその他の動きを使用する。これらのセグメントは、センサー表面および周囲の導管を最小限の液体で洗浄するのを助けるために使用される。
ここで、心機能のマーカーのトロポニンI(TnI)を決定するために、本発明の特定の態様に記載の電流測定の免疫アッセイ法の原理を図示する図7を参照する。血液試料を、たとえば本発明のカートリッジの試料保持チャンバに導入し、ポリクローナル抗トロポニンI抗体(aTnI)71に共有結合で付着されたアルカリホスファターゼ酵素(AP)を含む結合分子によって修正する。この結合体は、血液試料の中のTnI70に特異的に結合し、AP-aTnI結合体に結合したTnIから成る複合体を生じる。捕獲工程では、この複合体が免疫センサー72に付着されたか、または近くの捕獲TnI抗体に結合する。センサー・チップは、試料がセンサー・チップに到達するときをモニターするために使用される導電率センサーを有する。カートリッジ内の漏れを検出するために、液体の到着時間を使用することができ、到着の遅延により、漏れのシグナルを送る。センサー導管内の試料セグメントの位置は、マーカーとして液体の縁を使用して能動的に制御することができる。試料/空気の界面は、導電率センサーをクロスするので、液体マーカーとして使用することができる正確なシグナルを生じ、これにより、制御された液体可動域を実行することができる。センサー界面に全ての試料を示すために、液体セグメントは、センサー上の縁から縁まで変動させることが好ましい。第2の試薬をセンサー・チップを越えてセンサー導管に導入することができ、これにより液体振動の間に均一に分配されることとなる。
H2N-C6H4-OH −> HN=C6H4=O+2H++2e-
第1のカートリッジの態様において、請求項1記載のカートリッジを使用する1つの典型的な分析物アッセイ法プロトコルを記載してある。試料入口ポート4を介して、未計測の流体試料が請求項1に記載のカートリッジの試料チャンバ34に導入される。毛細管栓25は、現段階で導管11に試料の通過を防止し、導管34は、試料で満たされる。蓋2は、カートリッジから試料が漏出するのを防止するために閉じている。次いで、カートリッジを、Zelinに対する米国特許第5,821,399号(これは参照として本明細書に組み入れられる)に開示されたものなどの読出装置に挿入する。読出装置へのカートリッジの挿入により機械が作動し、パッケージがスパイク38に押しつけられたときに、42に位置する液体を含有するパッケージに穴があく。これにより液体は、第2の導管に放出され、39、20、12、および11に順番に到着する。残りの静水圧は、第2の導管部11を経た廃棄物チャンバ44への液体の流れによって散逸されるので、12の狭窄部は、液体のさらなる動作を防止する。第2の工程において、ポンプ手段の操作により、圧力を空気袋43に適用し、空気を、導管40を通って切欠17および18を介して所定の位置27で導管34に強制する。毛細管栓25および位置27は、もとの試料の計測された部分を定める。試料は、試料チャンバ34内にあるが、チャンバの内部表面上の乾いた被覆として、初めに存在する化合物または化合物類によって任意に修正される。次いで、計測された試料部分は、空気袋43内で産生される空気圧によって毛細管栓で放出される。試料は、導管15に通過して、切欠35内に位置する分析物センサーまたはセンサーと接触する。
請求項2記載のカートリッジは、閉じることができるバルブと共に請求項1記載のカートリッジの全てのエレメントを含み、好ましくは、センサー室と廃棄物チャンバの間に位置する。請求項2記載のカートリッジの使用方法は、HCGの濃度が、該カートリッジの試料チャンバに導入される血液試料内で決定される特定の態様によって本明細書に図示してある。以下の一連の時間において、時間0(t=0)は、カートリッジがカートリッジ読み込み装置に挿入されるときを表す。時間は、分で与えられる。t=0〜t=1.5の間に、カートリッジ読み込み装置をパッド91、93、95、および97を介してセンサーと電気的に接触させ、一定の診断試験を行う。カートリッジの挿入は、前述したように液体を第2の導管に導入する箔小袋を穿孔処理する。診断試験は、伝導度電極を使用して、液体または試料が導管に存在するかどうかを決定し;電気短絡が電極に存在するかどうかを決定し;並びに、センサーおよび接地電極が分析物決定の前に好ましくは37℃に熱的に平衡にされていることを確認する。
カートリッジの構造および操作:
図15をここで参照し、免疫センサーカートリッジの好ましい態様の上面図を示してある。
好ましい態様は、迅速な再現性があり、安価な分析物の測定のために有利であるいくらかの特徴および使用方法において、節Aの特定の態様と異なる。好ましい態様のカートリッジは、上記した特定の態様のカートリッジと同じような多くの特徴を共有し、したがって、特定の相違を強調して記載されている。本発明の属する分野の当業者は、節AおよびBを組み合わせた記述から、好ましい態様の構築および使用を容易に認識するであろう。
好ましい態様の免疫カートリッジ使用をこの実施例に図示してある。解析順序は、ユーザが試料をカートリッジに入れ、アナライザーへカートリッジを配置し、中で1〜20分、1つまたは複数の分析物の定量的測定を行う。ここでは、解析の間に起こる一連のイ排出口の非限定の実施例であり:
1)25〜50μLの試料を試料導入口167に導入し、カバーおよび主成分を保持する接着テープ内の0.012''レーザーカット穴よって形成された毛細管栓151に充填する。ユーザは、スナップフラップに取り付けられたラテックスゴムディスクを回転させて、試料導入口167を閉じて、カートリッジをアナライザーに入れる。
2)アナライザーをカートリッジと接触させて、モーターで動くプランジャーを箔小袋161上へ押圧して、中心導管158内に洗浄液/解析液を強制する。
3)別々のモーターで動くプランジャーを、試料隔壁156に接触させて、試料導管に沿って測定した試料のセグメントを(試薬領域R1からR2に対して)押しつける。試料を、導電率センサーを経てセンサー・チップ153で検出する。センサー・チップは、捕獲領域R3に位置する。
4)センサーに対する結合を促進するために、制御された時間、予め定められ、かつ制御された機能のR2とR5の間の試料隔壁156の手段によって試料を振動させる。
5)試料をカートリッジ(R8)の廃棄物領域の方へ押して、セルロースまたは同様の吸収芯(wick)の形態で受動的ポンプ157と接触させる。この芯が濡れる作用により芯を封着し、したがって空気流量が、試料隔壁156によって発生される排出口過圧に対するその能力を除去する。能動的排出口は、図16の「制御された空気排出口」になる。
6)試料導管の迅速な減圧(モーターで動くプランジャーを試料隔壁156から取りのぞくことによって行なわれる)により、空気(排出口から)および洗浄液/解析液の混合物を、第2の導管から図16のR5とR4の間に位置する入口に移動させる。試料導管の迅速な減圧を繰り返すことによって、一連の空気で分離された液体セグメントを生成させて、これをセンサー・チップを超えて試料導入口(R4からR3に、R2に、およびR1)の方へ引く。これにより、センサーを洗浄して過剰な試薬をなくし、解析のために適した試薬でセンサーを濡らす。箔小袋で生じる洗浄液/解析液は、中央の洗浄液/解析液導管内で、R7およびR6内の試薬の添加によって、さらに修正することができる。
7)洗浄液/解析液セグメントを低速で試料導入口の方へ引いて、解析液の薄層のみを含むセンサー・チップを得る。電気化学的な解析は、この点で行う。解析の好ましい方法は電流測定であるが、電位差測定またはインピーダンス検出も使用される。
8)そして、カートリッジをアナライザーから取り出すことができるように、機構により引っ込める。
本発明のこれらの及びその他の目的、特徴、および効果は、以下の特定の態様の詳細な説明に記載されており、以下の図に図示されている。
Claims (4)
- 以下の段階を含む、センサーを含む導管内で電気化学的なアッセイ法を使用して、分析物の量を測定する方法であって、センサーが、分析物を結合する固定された抗体の表層を有する電極、および導管内に配置された対極/基準電極を含む方法:
分析物を含む液体試料とセンサーを接触させる段階;
センサーを分析物に結合することができる酵素標識抗体と接触させることにより、固定された抗体、分析物、および標識された抗体の複合体を形成させる段階;
センサーを酵素の基質および少なくとも1つの空気セグメントを含む溶液と接触させて、センサー領域から未結合の分析物および標識された抗体を除去する段階;
センサーから実質的に全ての前記溶液を除去するが、電極、対極/基準電極、および電極を接続する壁の隣接部分上の前記溶液を保持する段階;ならびに
センサーを使用して酵素と基質の間の反応生成物を検出することにより、液体試料の中の分析物の量を測定する段階。 - 試料が、その中に溶解された酵素標識抗体を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記溶液が前記導管の本体から除去されるときに、所定の溶液の体積が、前記各電極上に保持される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 導管の壁の少なくとも一部が、酵素標識抗体の非特異的な結合を減少するための処理がなされている、請求項1記載の方法。
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| CA2737892A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
| CA2478608A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
| US8642322B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 |
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| US8679827B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
| US7419821B2 (en) | 2008-09-02 |
| US20130224775A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
| ATE408143T1 (de) | 2008-09-15 |
| WO2003076937A9 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
| US20090065368A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
| JP2005519304A (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
| CA2478608C (en) | 2011-06-28 |
| EP1481246A2 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
| US20110290669A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
| US20120305409A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
| ES2312763T3 (es) | 2009-03-01 |
| JP2009150902A (ja) | 2009-07-09 |
| US8222024B2 (en) | 2012-07-17 |
| WO2003076937A2 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
| WO2003076937A3 (en) | 2003-12-18 |
| EP1481246B1 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
| AU2003220041A8 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
| DE60323466D1 (de) | 2008-10-23 |
| JP4347700B2 (ja) | 2009-10-21 |
| US8017382B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 |
| US20030170881A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
| AU2003220041A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
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