JP4771090B2 - Functional antenna device and radio system using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention realizes an antenna with high directivity characteristics with a small feeding loss, rotates the antenna in the peripheral direction of the wireless system, and can control the direction of electromagnetic waves in the optimum direction for forming a wireless link. The present invention relates to a functional antenna device suitable for use in a radio system and a radio system using the same. The electromagnetic wave radiation structure and the antenna are synonymous.

The broadband communication system using the quasi-millimeter wave / millimeter wave band has a high directional antenna to prevent deterioration of wireless transmission conditions due to multipath and to secure sufficient C / N necessary for high-speed wireless transmission. Realization of a functional antenna technology capable of functionally forming a wireless link between wireless devices is required.
As a conventional method for directing and controlling the beam of an antenna, for example, a phased array system in the microwave band has a performance problem, a cost problem, and a dimensional problem due to a rapid increase in power supply system loss including a phase control circuit. There's a problem. In addition, for example, microwave radars and satellite tracking antennas that are practically used as swivel antennas require the use of extremely expensive coaxial and waveguide rotary joints, as well as the rapid increase in power supply system loss. Due to performance degradation, cost, and dimensional problems, it could not be used as a general radio system technology.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a technique for performing directivity control of electromagnetic wave radiation with a fixed single electromagnetic wave radiation structure with the least loss of the feeder line is required.

  In particular, in order to realize the widespread use of millimeter wave band technology, a technology for directing electromagnetic wave radiation that is small and lightweight and can be reduced in cost by mass production is required.

  Therefore, the present invention has been proposed in view of the above circumstances, and realizes an antenna having high directivity with a small feeding loss, and rotates the antenna in the peripheral direction of the wireless system, and is the optimum direction for forming a wireless link. It is another object of the present invention to provide a functional antenna device that can control the directivity of electromagnetic waves and is suitable for cost reduction and a wireless system using the functional antenna device.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a functional antenna device of a quasi-millimeter wave band or a millimeter wave band, wherein the functional antenna device is disposed on a single electromagnetic wave radiation structure and the electromagnetic wave radiation structure. A rotating mechanical structure; an electromagnetic wave shielding structure disposed between the electromagnetic radiation structure and the mechanical structure; a dielectric added to the mechanical structure; and rotating the mechanical structure. The electromagnetic wave blocking structure is configured to make non-contact between the ground surface of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure and the mechanical structure, and the interval between the non-contact surfaces is 1 of the spatial wavelength. The non-contact surface is air or a dielectric film, and the mechanical structure has an electromagnetic wave opening of 1 to 4 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave. And the electromagnetic wave emission A conductor wall surface for efficiently radiating electromagnetic waves to space, having a structure that is asymmetric with respect to a vertical axis from the center of the structure and having one symmetry plane that includes the vertical axis from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure; When one of the conductor wall surfaces in one plane of symmetry is α side, the conductor wall surface portion on the α side is 0 ° ± 20 ° from the vertical axis from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure. When the angle is formed and the length is in the range of 0.5 to 3 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave and the other in one plane of symmetry of the conductor wall surface is the β side, the β side The conductor wall surface portion forms an angle of 70 ° ± 20 ° with the vertical axis from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure, and the length ranges from 1 to 6 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave. The dielectric added to the object is from the electromagnetic radiation structure. The thickness is in the range from 1 to 6 times the spatial wavelength on the β side and is thicker than the α side, and is 0.5 times or less including 0 times the spatial wavelength on the α side. The parabolic structure is thin compared to the side, and the change in thickness is gradual, so that the electromagnetic wave radiation direction is inclined toward the β side, and the mechanical structure is not connected to the electromagnetic wave blocking structure. The contact surface is rotated by the driving unit with the vertical axis as a central axis.

  In addition, the thickness of the dielectric in the functional antenna device described above is thin on the α side and thick on the β side, but the degree of this change changes linearly or changes in a quadratic curve. Or a step-like change.

  In addition, the above-described dielectric is preferably a parallel plate-shaped converging medium having a small dielectric constant on the α side and a large dielectric constant on the β side.

  Further, the electromagnetic wave radiation structure in the functional antenna device described above is preferably any one of a slot antenna structure, a conductor patch structure, a planar spiral antenna structure, and a bowtie antenna structure.

  The wireless system using the functional antenna device described above is connected to the signal processing unit by inputting the received signal from the antenna of the functional antenna device to the receiver and appropriately processing the received signal from the receiver. The antenna is rotated by the driven unit, and the antenna directivity is controlled in a desired direction.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the rotation structure of the drive part in the functional antenna device described above is any one of all motors including an electrostatic motor, a magnetic motor, and an ultrasonic motor.

  In addition, the conductor wall surface portion of the rotating mechanical structure in the functional antenna device described above has an electromagnetic radiation structure as an asymmetric square horn type, an asymmetric circular horn type, a simple asymmetric square horn type, or a simple asymmetric circular horn type. It is preferable that a part of the left and right symmetric conductor wall surfaces along one symmetry plane including the vertical axis from the center of the shape is omitted.

  In the above wireless system, the antenna directivity control is preferably any one of a received signal, a beacon, and an optical system having directivity.

In the functional antenna device according to the present invention, first, the electromagnetic wave shielding structure is provided between the electromagnetic structure and the mechanical structure having a function of rotating around the electromagnetic radiation structure, so that leakage of electromagnetic waves is prevented. And electromagnetic waves can be efficiently radiated to the space through the mechanical structure.
In addition, the dielectric added to the mechanical structure is formed so as to have an asymmetric packing density in which the thickness on the α side is reduced and the thickness on the β side is increased as viewed from the electromagnetic radiation structure. Therefore, the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric is slower than in the air due to the effect of polarization, so that the distribution of the electromagnetic wave can be widened from a small region to several times the wavelength compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. The synthesis of wave packets that can obtain directivity and that have a relative phase advance and delay depending on the region that has passed through the electromagnetic wavefront radiated to the space through the opening of an additional mechanical structure. As a result, the antenna directivity can be improved and the direction of the electromagnetic wave front can be deflected.
Furthermore, when the change in the thickness of the dielectric changes more slowly than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, the electromagnetic wave propagates through a region having a gentle refractive index distribution, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave is relatively relative in a region where the dielectric is thin. Since the phase of the electromagnetic wave is delayed in areas where the dielectric is thick, the dielectric should change in a smooth curved shape, or have an asymmetric filling structure such as a method that changes in a step shape smaller than the wavelength. By doing so, the effect that the electromagnetic wave radiation direction is inclined to the β side in the thick direction with respect to the dielectric can be extracted. Then, the mechanical structure is rotated by the drive unit around the vertical axis from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure on the non-contact surface with the electromagnetic wave shielding structure, so that the electromagnetic wave is directed in the optimum direction for forming the wireless link. You can control.

   In addition, the dielectric added to the rotating mechanical structure is made thinner on the α side and thicker on the β side, but the degree of this change varies linearly or as a quadratic curve. Therefore, it is possible to select an optimal change in the thickness of the dielectric material in order to obtain a desired electromagnetic wave radiation direction. In addition, since the dielectric is a parallel plate-shaped converging medium with a small dielectric constant on the α side and a large dielectric constant on the β side, the same effect as changing the thickness of the dielectric can be obtained. This makes it possible to obtain a desired electromagnetic radiation direction more efficiently.

  Further, since the electromagnetic wave radiation structure is any one of a slot antenna structure, a conductor patch structure, a planar spiral antenna structure, and a bowtie antenna structure, the optimum electromagnetic wave radiation structure and optimum mounting means for obtaining a desired electromagnetic wave radiation direction Can be selected.

  The wireless system according to the present invention inputs a received signal from the antenna of the functional antenna device to the receiver, and appropriately processes the received signal from the receiver, thereby driving the signal processing unit. Since the antenna is rotated by the unit and the antenna directivity is controlled in a desired direction, it is possible to prevent deterioration of radio transmission conditions due to multipath and to secure sufficient C / N necessary for high-speed radio transmission.

  In addition, since the rotation structure of the drive unit in the above-described functional antenna device is one of all motors including an electrostatic motor, a magnetic motor, and an ultrasonic motor, a low-priced and light-weight one that has already been put into practical use is applied. That is, the cost can be reduced and the size can be reduced.

  In addition, the conductor wall surface of the rotating mechanical structure in the functional antenna device described above has an electromagnetic radiation structure as an asymmetric square horn type, an asymmetric circular horn type, a simple asymmetric square horn type, or a simple asymmetric circular horn type. The shape of the left and right symmetrical conductor wall surfaces along one symmetry plane including the vertical axis from the center of one of the shapes is omitted, so that the optimum electromagnetic wave emission to obtain the desired electromagnetic wave emission direction A structure can be selected.

  In the above wireless system, the antenna directivity control is any one of a received signal, a beacon, and a directivity optical system. It is possible to control the directivity of an electromagnetic wave by receiving a signal having a signal and processing the signal thereafter.

  That is, for the first time according to the present invention, a small-sized functional antenna device suitable for cost reduction, which is capable of controlling the direction of electromagnetic waves in the direction optimal for forming a wireless link, by rotating the antenna in the peripheral direction of the wireless system, and this function A wireless system using an antenna device can be provided.

(First reference example)
1A is a cross-sectional view of a first reference example of the functional antenna device according to the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a plan view of the first reference example of the functional antenna device according to the present invention.

In the functional antenna device according to the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 (A) and 1 (B), a patch antenna 102 as an electromagnetic wave radiation structure is formed in a pattern on a substrate 101, and is asymmetrical when viewed from the patch antenna 102. A mechanical structure 103 is added, and an electromagnetic wave shielding structure 104 is provided between the mechanical structure 103 and the patch antenna 102. A dielectric 105 is attached to the mechanical structure 103. The functional antenna device according to the present invention is provided with a drive unit 107 that rotates the mechanical structure 103 about the vertical axis 106 from the center of the patch antenna 102 as a rotation axis.
The mechanical structure 103 has a single symmetry plane including the vertical axis 106 from the center of the patch antenna 102, and one of the symmetry structures is assumed to be on the α side (right side) 103a. When the α side 103a is inclined in an angle range θ1 of 0 ° ± 20 ° parallel to the vertical axis 106 from the center of the patch antenna 102, and the other side is assumed to be the β side (left side) 103b, the β side 103b is tilted in an angle range θ2 of 70 ° ± 20 ° parallel to the vertical axis from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure.
The dielectric 105 attached to the mechanical structure 103 has a structure with respect to the thickness that the β side 103b is thicker than the α side 103a when viewed from the patch antenna 102.

Next, the operation principle of this structure is shown.
The electromagnetic wave radiated from the patch antenna 102 patterned on the substrate 101 first passes through the dielectric 105 provided in the mechanical structure 103 that is asymmetric when viewed from the patch antenna 102. The electromagnetic waves radiated from the patch antenna 102 pass through the dielectric 105 when passing through the α side 103a where the thickness of the dielectric 105 added to the mechanical structure 103 is thin and the β side 103b where the thickness is thick. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave on the β side 103b is delayed as compared with the electromagnetic wave on the α side 103a, so that the electromagnetic wave is refracted to the β side 103b and is emitted to the β side 103b.
Then, the mechanical structure 103 can be controlled to direct electromagnetic waves in a direction optimal for forming a radio link by rotating around the vertical axis 106 from the center of the patch antenna 102 by the driving unit 107.
The electromagnetic wave shielding structure 104 is provided for the purpose of making the ground plane of the patch antenna 102 and the mechanical structure 103 non-contact and preventing leakage of radiated electromagnetic waves. Thereby, the electromagnetic waves radiated from the patch antenna 102 are efficiently radiated to the mechanical structure 103, and the antenna gain can be improved.

  Note that this directivity control is also effective for reception signal directivity control because it is the same due to the reversible action of the antenna.

  Here, the mechanical structure 103 has an electromagnetic wave opening having a gap L1 that is in the range of 1 to 4 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave, and is a conductor or A conductor and a non-conductor are combined and manufactured by mechanical cutting, injection molding, or bonding.

  The α side 103a of the mechanical structure 103 is tilted in an angle range θ1 of 0 ° ± 20 ° in parallel with the vertical axis 106 from the center of the patch antenna 102, and the vertical axis of the α side mechanical structure 103 is The length L2 on the 106 side is in the range of 0.5 to 3 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave. On the other hand, the β side 103b of the mechanical structure 103 is tilted within an angle range θ2 of 70 ° ± 20 °, and the length L3 on the vertical axis 106 side of the mechanical structure 103 of the β side 103b is the space of the desired electromagnetic wave. The range is from 1 to 6 times the wavelength.

  Further, the electromagnetic wave shielding structure 104 makes the ground surface of the patch antenna 102 and the mechanical structure 103 non-contact with each other, and the interval between the non-contact surfaces is in a range from 1/10 to 1/100 of the spatial wavelength. The non-contact surface is air or a dielectric film. In addition, this non-contact surface is a conductor surface in which one non-contact surface is flat, and the other non-contact surface is a conductor pattern that is 1/4 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave on a flat dielectric. It is a structure formed in the range from 10 to 10.

  The dielectric 105 mechanically scrapes materials such as quartz, glass, polymethyl methacrylate, styrene acrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polystyrene, epoxy, polymethylpentene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, Teflon (registered trademark), Or shape it with a mold and make it. The dielectric 105 has a thickness on the β side 103b of the mechanical structure 103 that is thicker than that on the α side 103a, but does not exceed the height of the α side 103a of the mechanical structure 103, and By selecting an optimum thickness, a desired electromagnetic wave radiation direction can be obtained.

  In the first reference example, the mechanical structure 103 is shaped like a tilted rectangular small horn, but the same effect can be obtained with a tilted circular small horn, a bent flat plate, etc., and an optimum structure is selected. By doing so, a desired electromagnetic wave radiation direction can be obtained.

  Further, although the patch antenna 102 is used, any one of a slot antenna structure, a conductor patch structure, a planar spiral antenna structure, and a bowtie antenna structure may be used.

  The drive unit 107 has been put into practical use at a low price and is very light, and any one of all motors including an electrostatic motor, a magnetic motor, and an ultrasonic motor can be selected.

(First Example)
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the wireless system using the functional antenna device according to the present invention as a component. This first embodiment includes a substrate 1, an electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2, a mechanical structure 3, an electromagnetic wave blocking structure 4, a dielectric 5, a drive unit 7, a receiver 8, a signal processing unit 9, And the wireless target device 10.

  Here, the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2 patterned on the substrate 1 is not limited to the patch antenna 31 shown in FIG. 3 (A), but as shown in FIG. 3 (B), a slot having a slot 32a. The antenna structure 32 may be used, or as shown in FIG. 3C, a multi-slot antenna structure 33 in which a plurality of strip pieces 33b are provided in the opening 33a may be used. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3D, a bow-tie antenna structure 34 may be used, or a waveguide slot having a planar spiral or flange structure may be used.

  The gap L1 of the electromagnetic wave opening from which the electromagnetic wave of the mechanical structure 3 is radiated is in a range from 1 to 3 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave in order to optimally radiate the electromagnetic wave and to reduce the size. Yes.

  Further, the mechanical structure 3 has one symmetry plane including the vertical axis 6 from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2 in order to tilt the electromagnetic waves optimally, and one of the mechanical structures 3 is an α side 3a in the one symmetry plane. Assuming that the α side 3a of the mechanical structure 3 is tilted in an angle range θ1 of 0 ° ± 20 ° parallel to the vertical axis 6 from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2, the other side is the β side 3b. Assuming that the β side 3b of the mechanical structure 3 is inclined in an angle range θ2 of 70 ° ± 20 ° in parallel with the vertical axis 6 from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2.

  Furthermore, the mechanical structure 3 has a length L2 on the α side 3a in the range of 0.5 to 3 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave, and a length L3 on the β side 3b for the purpose of downsizing. Is in the range of 1 to 6 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave.

Further, the mechanical structure 3 has a shape of an inclined rectangular small horn (41 in FIG. 4B is a perspective view seen obliquely from above) as indicated by 41 in FIG. 4A, and a conductor wall surface portion 41a. , 41b, 41c, 41d. In this case, the conductor wall surface portions 41 c and 41 d viewed from the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2 form an angle in a range from 20 degrees to 90 degrees with respect to the vertical axis 6 from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2. Further, in the case of the shape of an inclined circular small horn 42 (FIG. 4D is a perspective view seen obliquely from above) as shown in FIG. 4C, the opening of the conductor wall surface portion is the most viewed from the symmetry plane 44. The spreading point 42a forms an angle in the range of 20 degrees to 90 degrees with respect to the vertical axis 6 from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation surface.
The mechanical structure 3 may have a shape such as a bent flat plate 43 (FIG. 4F is a perspective view seen obliquely from above) as shown in FIG. 4E, and an optimum structure is selected. Thus, a desired electromagnetic radiation direction can be obtained.

  The electromagnetic wave shielding structure 4 is formed in the vicinity of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2 formed on the substrate 1 as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. It is provided in between. The electromagnetic wave blocking structure 4 includes a conductor pattern portion, a full-surface conductor portion, and a gap essential for rotating the mechanical structure 3.

  In the cross-sectional view of FIG. 5A cut by one section 51, the conductor pattern portion in the case where the electromagnetic wave opening of the mechanical structure 3 is square has a shape as shown in FIG. 5B. Reference numeral 53 shown in FIG. 5B denotes a dielectric, and reference numeral 54 denotes a conductor pattern provided on the dielectric surface. This conductor pattern width is 1/4 times the effective wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave, and the number of conductor patterns is provided in the range of 1 to 10. On the other hand, in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 5A cut by one section 51, the conductor pattern portion in the case where the electromagnetic wave opening of the mechanical structure 3 is circular has a shape as shown in FIG. . Reference numeral 53 shown in FIG. 5C denotes a dielectric, and reference numeral 54 denotes a conductor pattern provided on the dielectric surface. This conductor pattern width is 1/4 times the effective wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave, and the number of conductor patterns is provided in the range of 1 to 10.

5A is a shape shown in FIG. 5D or FIG. 5E. The cross-sectional view of FIG.
In the case of FIG. 5D, the entire conductor portion 55 is formed on the mechanical structure 3, and the conductor pattern portion 56 is formed on the substrate 1. Due to the gap between the entire conductor portion 55 and the conductor pattern portion 56, An electromagnetic wave shielding structure 4 is configured. In the case of FIG. 5E, the entire conductor portion 55 is formed on the substrate 1, and the conductor pattern portion 56 is formed on the mechanical structure 3, and the electromagnetic wave is blocked by the gap between the entire conductor portion 55 and the conductor pattern portion 56. Structure 4 is constructed.

The substrate 1 and the mechanical structure 3 are not in contact with each other, and the non-contact surface is air or a dielectric film. Moreover, the non-contact surface which is a space | gap essential in order to rotate this mechanical structure 3 is the range from 1/10 to 1/100 of a spatial wavelength.
The electromagnetic wave shielding structure 4 is interposed through a gap formed between the mechanical structure 3 having a function of rotating around the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2 and the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2 fixedly provided on the substrate 1. Is a structure that is provided for the purpose of preventing leakage of all electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic wave is efficiently radiated to the mechanical structure 103, thereby enabling the directivity control of the electromagnetic waves in the direction optimal for forming a wireless link. An antenna device can be configured.

  The dielectric 5 is not particularly limited to a fixed shape, and may have a triangular structure such as 61 in FIG. 6 (A), or a laminated type shifted as shown in 62 in FIG. 6 (B). The electromagnetic wave opening surface side as shown by 63 in FIG. 6 (C) may be a horizontal and flat surface, and the electromagnetic wave radiation structure side may be a quadratic curve structure as shown in FIG. 6 (D). The electromagnetic wave opening surface side may be a horizontal and flat surface such as 64, and the electromagnetic wave radiation structure side may be a linear structure, and the electromagnetic wave opening surface side is horizontal and flat as 65 in FIG. 6 may be a laminated structure in which the electromagnetic wave radiation structure side is shifted, and the electromagnetic wave opening surface side is a flat surface that is highly inclined and flat on the right side as indicated by 66 in FIG. The radiation structure side may be a quadratic curve structure, as shown in FIG. The electromagnetic wave opening surface side may be a flat surface inclined to the right side, such as 67, and the electromagnetic wave radiation structure side may be a linear structure. The electromagnetic wave opening surface side, such as 68 in FIG. It may be a structure in which the right side is highly inclined and flat, and the electromagnetic radiation structure side has a linear laminated dielectric, and the right side has a small dielectric constant as shown in FIG. It may be a parallel plate converging medium having a large dielectric constant on the side. That is, the dielectric 5 has a small dielectric constant on the right side and a large dielectric constant on the left side, and the degree of this change is either linearly changed, quadratic, or stepped. If it is, it will not be limited.

  The drive unit 7 is not limited to an electrostatic motor, a magnetic motor, an ultrasonic motor, or the like, and may be any device that can rotate the mechanical structure 3 around the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2 as a rotation axis.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the radio system using the functional antenna device according to the present invention has the dielectric 5 and the electromagnetic wave radiation structure in which the RF signal S1 from the radio target device 10 is added to the mechanical structure 3. 2, the signal received from the receiver 8 is processed by the signal processing unit 9, and the mechanical structure 3 is radiated by the drive unit 7 controlled by the signal processing unit 9. Rotate around a vertical axis from the center of structure 2. As a result, the directivity control of the electromagnetic wave can be performed in a direction that is optimal for forming a radio link and in which the wireless transmission conditions due to multipath are hardly deteriorated and at the same time a high C / N can be secured.
However, the present invention is not limited to this method, and as shown in FIG. 7A, from the optical element 71 such as an LED or a laser attached to the wireless target device 10 in the same direction as the RF signal S2 of the wireless target device 10. By receiving the optical signal S2 by the light receiving element 72 rotating in the same direction as the mechanical structure 3 with respect to the output optical signal S2, the signal processing unit 9 detects the direction in which the optical reception signal level becomes the highest. Then, the mechanical structure 3 may be rotated about the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2 in the direction in which the optical signal S2 is highest by the drive unit 7 controlled by the signal processing unit 9. This also makes it possible to control the direction of electromagnetic waves in a direction that is optimal for forming a wireless link, with little deterioration in wireless transmission conditions due to multipath, and at the same time ensuring a high C / N.
Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, a beacon signal generation unit 73 having a low rate is provided in the wireless target device 10, and a beacon signal S3 is output in the same direction as the RF signal S1 of the wireless target device 10, and the mechanical structure By receiving the beacon signal S3 by the beacon receiving unit 74 rotating in the same direction as the object 3, the signal processing unit 9 detects the direction in which the beacon signal level becomes the highest, and the driving unit 7 controlled by the signal processing unit 9 Thus, the electromagnetic wave directing control may be performed by rotating the mechanical structure 3 around the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2 in the direction in which the beacon reception signal level becomes the highest. That is, even if the directivity control using the received RF signal S1 is not performed, the directivity control of the electromagnetic wave can be performed by receiving and processing signals such as the optical signal S2 and the beacon signal S3 having different directivities. Is possible.

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the wireless system using the functional antenna device according to the present invention as a component.

  The second embodiment differs only in that the receiver 8 of FIG. 2 is changed to the transmitter or the transceiver shown in FIG. In the second embodiment, the RF signal S 1 from the wireless target device 10 is input to the receiver 8 via the dielectric 5 and the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2 added to the mechanical structure 3, and is received from the receiver 8. The received signal is signal-processed by the signal processing unit 9, and the mechanical unit 3 is rotated around the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure 2 by the driving unit 7 controlled by the signal processing unit 9. As a result, the directivity control of the electromagnetic wave can be performed in a direction that is optimal for forming a radio link and in which the wireless transmission conditions due to multipath are hardly deteriorated and at the same time a high C / N can be secured. Since this directivity control is the same for transmission due to the reversible action of the antenna, it is also effective for directivity control of the transmission signal. Therefore, the receiver 8 in FIG. 2 may be the transmitter or the transceiver in FIG.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to a communication device using a quasi-millimeter wave / millimeter wave band, and prevents high deterioration of wireless transmission conditions due to multipath, and ensures high C / N in order to secure sufficient C / N necessary for high-speed wireless transmission This is useful for realizing a wireless link between wireless devices having a conductive antenna.

(A) is sectional drawing of the 1st reference example in the functional antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention, (B) is a top view of the functional antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 1st Example in the radio | wireless system which used the functional antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention as a component. (A) is a figure which shows an example of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure in a 1st Example, and shows the patch antenna structure. (B) is a figure which shows a slot antenna structure which shows an example of electromagnetic wave radiation | emission structure. (C) is a diagram showing a multi-slot antenna structure showing an example of an electromagnetic wave radiation structure. (D) is a figure which shows a bow-tie antenna structure which shows an example of electromagnetic wave radiation | emission structure. (A) is the top view which looked at the rectangular small horn structure which shows an example of the mechanical structure in a 1st Example from the upper surface. (B) is the perspective view which looked at this from diagonally upward. (C) is the top view which looked at the circular small horn structure from the upper surface. (D) is the perspective view which looked at this from diagonally upward. (E) is the top view which looked at the flat plate structure from the upper surface. (F) is the perspective view which looked at this from diagonally upward. (A) is sectional drawing in which the electromagnetic wave shielding structure is provided, and is a figure which shows an antenna structure. (B) is sectional drawing which cut out (A) by one section, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the electromagnetic wave shielding structure in case the electromagnetic wave opening part of a mechanical structure is a square. (C) is sectional drawing which cut out (A) by one piece, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the electromagnetic wave shielding structure in case the electromagnetic wave opening part of a mechanical structure is circular. (D) is a cross-sectional view of (A) cut by another section, and shows that the electromagnetic wave blocking structure shown in (B) or (C) is added to the substrate. (E) is a cross-sectional view of (A) cut out by another section, and shows that the electromagnetic wave blocking structure shown in (B) or (C) is added to the mechanical structure. . (A) is a figure which shows the modification of the dielectric material in a 1st Example, (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), ( It is a figure which shows the same modification regarding I). (A) is a figure which shows the directivity control system using the optical system which is a modification of the radio | wireless system in a 1st Example, (B) is a figure which shows the directivity control system using a beacon. It is sectional drawing of the 2nd Example in the radio | wireless system which used the functional antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention as a component.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substrate 2 Electromagnetic radiation structure 3 Mechanical structure 3a α side (right side) of mechanical structure
3b β side (left side) of mechanical structure
4 Electromagnetic wave blocking structure 5 Dielectric 6 Vertical axis 7 Drive unit 8 Receiver 9 Signal processing unit 10 Wireless target device 31 Patch antenna 31
32 slot antenna structure 32a slot 33 multi-slot antenna structure 33a opening 33b strip piece 34 bowtie antenna 41 rectangular small horn shape 41a-d conductor wall surface portion 42 circular small horn 42a point where the opening of the conductor wall surface portion is widest 43 bent Flat plate 44 Symmetrical surface 51 One segment 52 Other segment 53 Dielectric 54 Conductor pattern provided on the dielectric surface 55 Entire conductor portion 56 Conductor pattern portion 61 Triangular structure 62 Laminated structure 63 Horizontal and flat surface on the electromagnetic wave opening surface side The electromagnetic wave radiation structure side is a quadratic curve structure 64 The electromagnetic wave opening surface side is a horizontal and flat surface, and the electromagnetic wave radiation structure side is a straight structure 65 The electromagnetic wave opening surface side is a horizontal and flat surface, and the electromagnetic wave radiation structure Laminated structure shifted to the side 66 Electromagnetic waves The mouth surface side is a highly inclined and flat surface on the right side, and the electromagnetic radiation structure side is a quadratic curve structure. 67 The electromagnetic wave opening surface side is a highly inclined and flat surface on the right side, and the electromagnetic radiation structure side is a linear structure. 68 Structure in which an electromagnetic wave opening surface side is a highly inclined and flat surface on the right side, and an electromagnetic radiation structure side is laminated with a linear laminated dielectric 71 Optical element 72 Light receiving element 73 Beacon signal generating part 74 Beacon signal receiving part
101 Substrate 102 Patch Antenna 103 Mechanical Structure 103a α Side (Right Side) of Mechanical Structure
103b β side (left side) of mechanical structure
104 Electromagnetic wave blocking structure 105 Dielectric material 106 Vertical axis 107 Drive unit
L1 gap (electromagnetic wave opening)
L2 α side mechanical structure length on the vertical axis side L3 β side mechanical structure length on the vertical axis side S1 RF signal S2 optical signal S3 beacon signal θ1 α side (right side) angle range θ2 Angle range on the β side (left side)

Claims (9)

In quasi-millimeter wave band or millimeter-wave band functional antenna devices,
The functional antenna device includes a single electromagnetic radiation structure, a rotating mechanical structure disposed on the electromagnetic radiation structure, and an electromagnetic wave disposed between the electromagnetic radiation structure and the mechanical structure. A blocking structure; a dielectric added to the mechanical structure; and a drive unit that rotates the mechanical structure.
The electromagnetic wave shielding structure is configured to make non-contact between the ground surface of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure and the mechanical structure, and the interval between the non-contact surfaces is 1/10 to 1/100 of a spatial wavelength. Range, this non-contact surface is air or dielectric film,
The mechanical structure has an electromagnetic wave opening of 1 to 4 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave and is asymmetric with respect to a vertical axis from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure. It has a conductor wall surface for efficiently radiating electromagnetic waves into space, having a single plane of symmetry including the vertical axis from the center of the radiating structure,
When one side in one symmetry plane of this conductor wall surface part is α side,
The α side conductor wall surface portion forms an angle of 0 ° ± 20 ° with the vertical axis from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure, and the length is in the range of 0.5 to 3 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave. There,
When the other side in one symmetry plane of the conductor wall surface portion is the β side,
The β-side conductor wall surface portion forms an angle of 70 ° ± 20 ° with the vertical axis from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure, and the length ranges from 1 to 6 times the spatial wavelength of the desired electromagnetic wave,
The dielectric added to the mechanical structure has a thickness in the range of 1 to 6 times the spatial wavelength on the β side and thicker than that on the α side when viewed from the electromagnetic radiation structure. The α side has a parabolic structure that is 0.5 times or less including 0 times the spatial wavelength and thinner than the β side, and the change in thickness is gentle, so that the electromagnetic wave radiation direction is inclined toward the β side. Is,
The functional antenna device, wherein the mechanical structure is rotated by the driving unit about the vertical axis as a central axis on a non-contact surface between the mechanical structure and the electromagnetic wave shielding structure. The functional antenna device according to claim 1,
The thickness of the dielectric is thin on the α side and thick on the β side, but the degree of this change changes linearly, changes in a quadratic curve, or changes stepwise. A functional antenna device, wherein The functional antenna device according to claim 2,
The functional antenna device, wherein the dielectric is a parallel plate-shaped converging medium having a small dielectric constant on the α side and a large dielectric constant on the β side. The functional antenna device according to claim 1,
The electromagnetic wave radiation structure is any one of a slot antenna structure, a conductor patch structure, a planar spiral antenna structure, and a bowtie antenna structure.   The received signal from the antenna of the functional antenna device according to claim 1 is input to a receiver, and the received signal from the receiver is appropriately processed, whereby the drive unit connected to the signal processing unit A wireless system that rotates the antenna to control the direction of the antenna in a desired direction. The functional antenna device according to claim 1,
The functional antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the rotation structure of the driving unit is any one of an electrostatic motor, a magnetic motor, and an ultrasonic motor. The functional antenna device according to claim 1,
The conductor wall surface portion is an asymmetric square horn type, asymmetric circular horn type, a simple asymmetric square horn type, or a simple asymmetric circular horn type on a single symmetry plane including a vertical axis from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure. The functional antenna device according to any one of the shapes in which a part of the symmetrical wall surfaces along the left and right sides is omitted. The functional antenna device according to claim 7,
The conductor wall surface portion has one symmetry plane including a vertical axis from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure, and the conductor wall surface portion parallel to the symmetry plane is 20 degrees from the vertical axis from the center of the electromagnetic wave radiation structure. A functional antenna device characterized by having a spread angle with a range up to 90 degrees.   6. The wireless system according to claim 5, wherein the antenna directivity control is one of a beacon and an optical system having directivity.

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