JP4771176B2 - バッテリの充放電制御装置 - Google Patents
バッテリの充放電制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4771176B2 JP4771176B2 JP2007219540A JP2007219540A JP4771176B2 JP 4771176 B2 JP4771176 B2 JP 4771176B2 JP 2007219540 A JP2007219540 A JP 2007219540A JP 2007219540 A JP2007219540 A JP 2007219540A JP 4771176 B2 JP4771176 B2 JP 4771176B2
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Description
まず、図1に基づいてハイブリッド電気自動車全体のシステム構成を説明する。
本実施例1のハイブリッド自動車は、エンジン22と、エンジン22のクランクシャフト26にダンパ28を介して接続された3軸式の動力分割機構30と、この動力分割機構30に連結された発電機兼用の第1モータMG1と、動力分割機構30に連結されたリングギヤ軸32aに取り付けられた減速ギヤ35と、この減速ギヤ35に連結された発電機兼用の第2モータMG2等からなるハイブリッド駆動システムが搭載され、このハイブリッド駆動システム全体をハイブリッドECU70で総合的に制御する構成となっている。ここで、「ECU」は、マイクロコンピュータを主体として構成された「電子制御ユニット」を意味する(以下、同様)。
トルク変換運転モードでは、要求動力に見合う動力がエンジン22から出力されるようにエンジン22の運転を制御すると共に、エンジン22から出力される動力の全てが動力分割機構30と2つのモータMG1,MG2によってトルク変換されてリングギヤ軸32aに出力されるように2つのモータMG1,MG2を駆動制御する。
バッテリ50を図2の簡易モデルで表した場合、バッテリ50の端子間電圧(以下「バッテリ電圧」という)Vb は、次の(1)式で表される。
Vb =Eo −Ri ×Ib ……(1)
Vmin ≦Vb ≦Vmax ……(2−1)
Vmin ≦Eo −Ri ×Ib ≦Vmax ……(2−2)
前述したバッテリ50の簡易モデルの(1)式の両辺を時間tで微分すると、次の(3)式が得られる。
dVb /dt=dEo /dt−Ri ×dIb /dt−Ib ×dRi /dt ……(3)
dVb /dt=−Ri ×dIb /dt ……(4)
Vb(予測値) =Vb(現在値) +dVb /dt・δt ……(5)
ここで、δtは演算周期(予測周期)である。
Vb(予測値) =Vb(現在値) −Ri ×dIb /dt・δt ……(6)
この(6)式を用いて、前記(2−1)式は次のように書き換えられる。
Vmin ≦Vb(現在値) −Ri ×dIb /dt・δt≦Vmax ……(7)
[Vb(現在値) −Vmax]/Ri ≦dIb /dt・δt≦ [Vb(現在値) −Vmin]/Ri ……(8)
[Vb(現在値) −Vmin]/Ri は、充放電電流Ib の演算周期δt当たりの変動量の許容範囲の上限値(上限電流変動許可量)である。
Ibmin=Ib(現在値) +ΔIbmin
=Ib(現在値) + [Vb(現在値) −Vmax]/Ri ……(9)
Ibmax=Ib(現在値) +ΔIbmax
=Ib(現在値) + [Vb(現在値) −Vmin]/Ri ……(10)
以上説明した本実施例1のバッテリ50の充放電制御は、ハイブリッドECU70によって図4及び図5の駆動制御プログラムに従って次のように実行される。
Win=Winbase×入力制限用補正係数
Wout =Woutbase ×出力制限用補正係数
Tr =Map1(Acc,V)
Pe =Tr ×Nm2/Gr −Pb +Loss ……(11)
Tr :要求トルク
Nm2:第2モータMG2の回転速度
Gr :減速ギヤ35のギヤ比
Pb :充放電要求パワー
Loss :損失パワー
Nm2/Gr =Nr =V×換算係数
Netg :エンジン22の目標回転速度
ρ:動力分割機構30のギヤ比
Nm2:第2モータMG2の回転速度(検出値)
Gr :減速ギヤ35のギヤ比
……(13)
Kp :比例項のゲイン
Nm1tg:第1モータMG1の目標回転速度
Nm1:第1モータMG1の回転速度(検出値)
Ki :積分項のゲイン
尚、(13)式では、第1モータMG1のトルク指令Tm1tgをPI制御により算出したが、PID制御により算出しても良い。
Nm1tg=Map2(Netg ,Nm2/Gr)
ΔIbmax= [Vb(現在値) −Vmin]/Ri ……(14)
ΔIbmin= [Vb(現在値) −Vmax]/Ri ……(15)
ΔIbmax=Map4(Ri ,Vb)
ΔIbmin=Map5(Ri ,Vb)
Ibmax=Ib(現在値) +ΔIbmax
Ibmin=Ib(現在値) +ΔIbmin
ΔWout =PI(Ib ,Ibmax)
=ΔWout(前回値) +Kp1(Ib −Ibmax) +Ki1∫(Ib −Ibmax) dt Kp1:比例項のゲイン
Ki1:積分項のゲイン
尚、補正値ΔWout をPID制御により算出しても良い。
ΔWin=PI(Ib ,Ibmin)
=ΔWin( 前回値) +Kp2(Ib −Ibmin) +Ki2∫(Ib −Ibmin) dt Kp2:比例項のゲイン
Ki2:積分項のゲイン
尚、補正値ΔWinをPID制御により算出しても良い。
ΔWin=0
ΔWout =0
Winf =Win−ΔWin
Woutf=Wout −ΔWout
Tmax =(Woutf−Tm1tg・Nm1)/Nm2
ここで、Tm1tg・Nm1は、第1モータMG1のトルク指令Tm1tgと第1モータMG1の回転速度Nm1とを乗算して求められる第1モータMG1の消費電力(発電電力)に相当する。
Tm2tmp =(Tr +Tm1tg/ρ)/Gr
Tm2tg=Tmin
Tm2tg=Tmax
Tm2tg=Tm2tmp
Ibmax=(Eo −Vmin )/Ri ……(21)
Ibmin=(Eo −Vmax )/Ri ……(22)
Ibmin=(Vb +Ri ×Ib −Vmax )/Ri ……(24)
ΔWin=Ibmin × Vmax−Ib ×Vb ……(31)
ΔWout =Ibmax ×Vmin−Ib ×Vb ……(32)
前記(8)式から次の(33)式が得られる。
Vb(現在値) −Vmax ≦Ri ×dIb /dt・δt≦Vb(現在値) −Vmin
……(33)
Vmin −Vb(現在値) ≦dVb /dt・δt≦Vmax −Vb(現在値)
……(34)
ΔVbmin≦dVb /dt・δt≦ΔVbmax ……(35)
ΔWin=Ibmin×Vmax −Ib(現在値) ×Vb(現在値)
={Ib(現在値) +ΔIbmin}×{Vb(現在値) +ΔVbmax}
−Ib(現在値) ×Vb(現在値)
=Ib(現在値) ×ΔVbmax+ΔIbmin×Vb(現在値) +ΔIbmin×ΔVbmax
……(36)
ΔWout =Ibmax×Vmin −Ib(現在値) ×Vb(現在値)
={Ib(現在値) +ΔIbmax}×{Vb(現在値) +ΔVbmin}
−Ib(現在値) ×Vb(現在値)
=Ib(現在値) ×ΔVbmin+ΔIbmax×Vb(現在値) +ΔIbmax×ΔVbmin ……(37)
これら(36)式と(37)式を用いて、バッテリ50の入出力制限Win,Wout に対する補正値ΔWin,ΔWout を算出するようにしても良い。
Claims (2)
- 車両に搭載したバッテリの充放電を制御するバッテリの充放電制御装置において、
前記バッテリの内部抵抗を推定する内部抵抗推定手段と、
前記バッテリの充放電電流を検出する電流検出手段と、
前記内部抵抗推定手段で推定したバッテリの内部抵抗及び前記電流検出手段で検出したバッテリの充放電電流の挙動に基づいて該バッテリの充電状態に応じた該バッテリの端子間電圧(以下「バッテリ電圧」という)の挙動を予測して該バッテリの充放電電流又は充放電電力を該バッテリ電圧が目標範囲内に収まるように制限する充放電制御手段と
を備え、
前記充放電制御手段は、予測したバッテリ電圧の挙動とバッテリの内部抵抗に応じて単位時間当たりの充放電電流変化量又は充放電電力変化量を制限することを特徴とするバッテリの充放電制御装置。 - 前記充放電制御手段は、前記バッテリの内部抵抗及び充放電電流の挙動とバッテリ電圧の挙動との関係をモデル化したバッテリ電圧挙動モデルを用いて、前記バッテリの内部抵抗及び充放電電流の挙動から該バッテリ電圧の挙動を予測することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバッテリの充放電制御装置。
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| JP2007219540A JP4771176B2 (ja) | 2007-08-27 | 2007-08-27 | バッテリの充放電制御装置 |
| US12/198,451 US7982435B2 (en) | 2007-08-27 | 2008-08-26 | Battery charging and discharging control apparatus |
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| JP2007219540A JP4771176B2 (ja) | 2007-08-27 | 2007-08-27 | バッテリの充放電制御装置 |
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