JP4784886B2 - Construction management method for structures using precast members - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a construction method for constructing a structure using a precast member such as precast concrete, and the management of the precast member in consideration of the production error of the precast member and the construction error of the structure constructed on site. The present invention relates to a structure construction management method that eliminates construction obstacles due to accumulated errors.

  Conventionally, civil engineering structures such as concrete viaducts, concrete box-type box girders, piers, and abutments have been constructed by constructing formwork on the site, placing reinforcements, and placing concrete. In recent years, in order to shorten the construction period and save labor, etc., a precast segment construction method has been proposed in which a precast member is manufactured at a factory, and this is carried to the site and installed.

  For example, in Patent Document 1 below, a precast concrete member that is hollow and provided with a node horizontally in the middle, forms a work hole in the center of the node, and divides the pier by combining blocks that are easy to handle by dividing into two. There has been proposed a construction method for an pier using a precast member that is a single unit member that forms a surface and that is piled up from the bottom one by one to complete the pier.

  Further, in Patent Document 2 below, in a concrete structure constructed by a precast segment construction method, for example, a method of correcting the arrangement of segments in a superstructure or substructure of a bridge, the structural frame is divided into segments in advance. In the precast segment construction method in which each segment that has been manufactured and transported to the construction position is joined and assembled by applying an adhesive to the segment joint surface, and finally these segments are integrated with PC steel, the segments are joined with an adhesive. Before joining, joint material made in advance with the same or equivalent material as the above-mentioned adhesive is inserted and arranged between the adhesives on the segment joining surface to modify the finished shape of the precast segment. A method has been proposed.

Furthermore, in Patent Document 3 below, in order to increase the accuracy of the shape of a structure constructed using precast concrete members, a process of sequentially manufacturing precast segments based on predetermined shape data and The entire 3D shape of a single precast segment is measured by a plurality of CCD cameras, and the obtained 3D shape data is stored, and the 3D shape data of the entire precast segment already measured are obtained this time. Next, the process of simulating the predicted erection shape that will be composed of these precast segments from the three-dimensional shape data, and the simulated erection expected shape and the design shape are almost the same. And correcting the shape data of the precast segment. Shape management method precast segments to control the fabrication of precast segments based on the corrected shape data it has been proposed.
JP-A-8-120621 JP 2000-204518 A JP 2000-290933 A

  In the precast segment construction method, for example, a sleeve embedded in a precast member (for example, a sleeve embedded in the precast member in order to absorb an error generated at a joint portion between a precast member manufactured in a factory and a structure directly constructed on site such as a substructure, etc. Measures are taken such as increasing the pipe diameter of the structure constructed at the site) and increasing joint joints, but if errors accumulate, the difference bars are added to the sleeve. In some cases, it could not be inserted, causing troubles in local construction. In addition, when the sleeve diameter is increased in order to secure a margin, not only does it come into contact with adjacent reinforcing bars or the arrangement position is restricted, but the weight increases and the unit price of the sleeve increases, and the sleeve is struck inside. There was a problem that it was uneconomical because the amount of mortar to be installed increased.

  In this regard, in the shape management method of the precast segment according to Patent Document 3, the three-dimensional shape of the precast member to be sequentially manufactured is measured, and the shape of the precast member to be newly manufactured based on the obtained three-dimensional shape data However, such a problem can be avoided in a case where the precast member manufacturing procedure can be adopted for a large-scale structure having a certain interval in the construction interval for each precast member. However, in the case of a general small and medium structure, all precast members are often manufactured sequentially based on a design book in advance, and generally cannot be adopted.

  Therefore, the main problem of the present invention is to reduce or minimize the precast member installation error under the premise that the precast member is manufactured without considering the construction error in the field, and prevent construction troubles such as poor installation fit beforehand. Another object of the present invention is to provide a construction management method of a structure using a precast member that can be avoided.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, as the present invention according to claim 1, each precast member manufactured in a factory is provided with identification information for identifying the precast member, and each precast member has a three-dimensional shape. A first step of performing measurement and storing shape measurement data of a precast member including at least manufacturing accuracy data and three-dimensional shape measurement data of a joining portion in a computer;
The second step of sequentially measuring the finished shape of the structure built locally, and obtaining the finished shape measurement data of the local structure including at least the construction error of the joined portion for each joined portion of the precast member;
Using the computer, a temporary assembly simulation is performed based on the shape measurement data of the precast member for the joint portion of the precast member, and a precast member that can offset the manufacturing accuracy and the construction error and reduce the installation error is selected. A third step;
Based on the temporary assembly simulation result, a fourth step of carrying in and installing the selected precast member on site,
Thereafter, the construction management method of the structure using the precast member is provided, in which the precast member is sequentially constructed by repeating the second step to the fourth step in order for each joint portion of the precast member. Is done.

  The invention described in claim 1 selects a precast member that can offset the manufacturing accuracy and the construction error and reduce the installation error in order for each joint portion of the precast member with respect to the structure constructed on site. It is. By selecting a precast member that can absorb construction errors by temporary assembly simulation for each joint portion of the precast member, it is possible to avoid construction troubles such as poor fitting compatibility in advance.

  At the same time, since a precast member that matches in advance is selected, the installation time at the site is shortened, the workability is improved, and the provisional yard at the site can be reduced. Furthermore, cost reduction can be achieved by reducing the sleeve diameter and reducing the amount of mortar to be filled.

As this invention which concerns on Claim 2, while giving the identification information for identifying the said precast member each to the precast member manufactured at a factory, three-dimensional shape measurement is performed with respect to each precast member, and at least joining site | part A first step of storing the shape measurement data of the precast member including the production accuracy data and the three-dimensional shape measurement data in a computer;
A second step of measuring the finished shape of the structure constructed locally, and storing the finished shape measurement data of the local structure including at least the construction error of the joint portion in a computer;
The computer performs a temporary assembly simulation based on the shape measurement data of the precast member and the finished shape measurement data of the field structure, and selects a combination of precast members that can offset the manufacturing accuracy and the construction error and reduce the installation error. A third step;
There is provided a construction management method for a structure using a precast member, comprising a fourth step of carrying in and installing the precast member on site based on the result of the temporary assembly simulation. .

  The invention according to claim 2 performs a temporary assembly simulation on the entire structure, and determines a combination of precast members that can cancel the manufacturing accuracy and the construction error and reduce the installation error. This will contribute not only to the suitability of the product but also to the improvement of the overall workmanship.

  As a third aspect of the present invention, the three-dimensional shape measurement is performed by three-dimensional shape measurement using at least two cameras or three-dimensional shape measurement using one three-dimensional scanner. A construction management method for a structure using the precast member described above is provided.

  The invention described in claim 3 is a specific method for measuring the three-dimensional shape of a precast member, which is called stereo image processing, and is a three-dimensional method using at least two cameras that have been used extensively since ancient times. It becomes possible to efficiently perform three-dimensional shape measurement of a precast member by shape measurement or a method using a recently developed three-dimensional scanner.

  As the present invention according to claim 4, the three-dimensional shape measurement is a three-dimensional shape measurement using at least two cameras, and a lattice-like pattern is attached to the surface of the precast member to be measured by infrared irradiation. A construction management method for a structure using the precast member according to any one of claims 1 and 2 is provided.

  In the invention described in claim 4 above, when three-dimensional shape measurement is performed by a so-called stereo image processing method, a grid-like pattern is attached to the surface of the precast member to be measured by infrared irradiation, and the grid pattern line is subjected to distortion. The surface accuracy of the precast member can be easily grasped.

  The structure using the precast member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the identification information is assigned to each precast member by attaching or embedding an IC tag in which the identification information is stored. A construction management method of an object is provided.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a structure construction management method using a precast member according to the fifth aspect in which the IC tag stores quality control information of the precast member.

  As described above in detail, according to the present invention, on the premise that the precast member is manufactured without considering the construction error at the site, the installation error of the precast member is reduced or minimized, and the construction trouble such as poor installation conformity. Can be avoided in advance.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  A construction management method for a structure using a precast member according to the present invention is, for example, a precast concrete floor slab manufactured at the factory on the upper surface of a substructure 11 constructed on site in a concrete viaduct 10 as shown in FIG. 12, 12... Are applied sequentially, and in the example shown in the drawing, the top height of the arch ribs 11 </ b> A and 11 </ b> A connected to the substructure 11 is set at appropriate intervals in the road linear direction. Has a plurality of standing walls 11a, 11a, etc. constructed according to the change in the longitudinal gradient, and a plurality of differential bars 13, 13 ... projecting upward are provided on the upper surface of the standing wall 11a. If a sleeve into which the differential bars 13, 13,... Are inserted is embedded on the lower surface side of the precast concrete floor slab 12, and the precast concrete floor slab 12 is sequentially installed, The high-strength mortar filled into the sleeve, is applied to a building structure that rigidly connected to each other. The precast concrete floor slabs 12 can be connected to each other by, for example, fitting them with concave / convex shear keys formed on the joint surfaces and introducing a prestressing force with PC steel, , And after the transverse reinforcing bars are combined with the overlapping portions of these loop bars, the integration is achieved by a loop joint or the like for placing concrete.

  Hereinafter, the construction management method of the structure using the present precast member will be described in detail, but for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the local structure is typically a single difference bar 6 and the precast member. 1 will be described as a rectangular parallelepiped member having a single sleeve 3.

[First embodiment]
Based on FIG.2 and FIG.3, the construction management method of the structure using the precast member which concerns on a 1st form example is explained in full detail.

  First, identification information for identifying the precast member 1 is given to the precast member 1 that is sequentially manufactured in a factory or the like. This identification information may be attached so that the product number written on the plate is not attached to the concrete surface, but the identification tag, for example, an IC tag 2 storing the ID number is attached. Or it is desirable to carry out by burial.

  As the IC tag 2, there are a passive type without a power supply and an active type with a power supply. It is desirable to use a passive type without a power supply from the viewpoint of tag life, miniaturization, and product cost. .

  Data communication with the IC tag 2 can be performed via a reader / writer for the IC tag connected to a mobile computer such as a notebook computer, a pocket computer, or a personal digital assistant (PDA). The reader / writer and the IC tag 2 can communicate with each other using a mutual induction method, an induction electromagnetic field method, a radiated electromagnetic field method, or the like.

  In addition to the identification information (ID number or the like), the IC tag 2 can describe quality control information or the like of the precast member 1. As the quality control information, for example, the concrete information stored in the IC tag 2 is any one or combination of structural data, concrete blending data, construction record data, strength test data, material used data, and concrete acceptance test value data. The initial registration information consisting of the above and the additional acquisition information added after maintenance as necessary.

  Furthermore, the IC tag 2 has a small storage capacity and cannot store, for example, design books (drawings, quantity table, etc.), maintenance records with images, and the like. Therefore, the above-mentioned large-capacity data is stored together with identification information (ID number) in a mobile computer brought on-site or a server computer installed separately via an information network such as the Internet, and can be retrieved as necessary. It can also be done.

  Regarding the initial registration information, the structural data includes, for example, concrete thickness, reinforcing bar type, reinforcing bar diameter, pitch, and cover. The concrete blending data includes, for example, unit water amount, unit cement amount, water cement ratio, unit fine bone material, unit coarse aggregate amount, fine aggregate rate, and the like. The construction record data includes, for example, a construction name, a contractor, a concrete placement date, a ready-mix factory name, a blending symbol, and the like. The strength test data includes compressive strength test values (4 weeks, 13 weeks, 26 weeks) and the like. The material used data includes, for example, a cement company, a fine / coarse aggregate production area, and the like. The concrete acceptance test value data includes, for example, slump, air amount, salinity amount, and the like.

  In addition, as additional information to be added after maintenance as required, for example, survey data obtained by maintenance, such as survey data such as floating, peeling, water leakage, etc., internal stress over time, crack measurement, neutralization depth, It can consist of survey data such as chemical corrosion.

  Next, three-dimensional shape measurement is performed on each precast member 1.

  Various methods exist for the three-dimensional shape measurement, and can be performed by three-dimensional shape measurement using at least two cameras or three-dimensional shape measurement using one three-dimensional scanner.

  The former three-dimensional shape measurement using at least two cameras is a technique for measuring and recognizing a three-dimensional space called so-called stereo image processing, and specifies the coordinates of a target point based on the principle of triangulation. .

  Hereinafter, in detail, as shown in FIG. 4A, first, as a precondition, the CCD cameras 4A and 4B are installed so that their optical axes are parallel to each other. If the horizontal axis is the X axis, the vertical axis is the Y axis, the optical axis is the Z axis, the focal length is f, the distance between the centers of the images G1 and G2 of the CCD cameras 4A and 4B, that is, the base line length. B, the coordinates of the precast member 1 are T (x, y, z), the coordinates of the precast member 1 in the image G1 of the CCD camera 4A are Ti (xi, yi), and the coordinates of the precast member 1 in the image G2 of the CCD camera 4B. If the coordinates are Tj (xj, yj), the horizontal axes (Xi axis and Xj axis in the figure) and the vertical axes (Yi axis and Yj axis in the figure respectively) of the images G1 and G2 are parallel to the X axis and Y axis, respectively. Therefore, the relational expression of the following expression (1) is established based on the similarity rule shown in FIG.

よって、上式(1)より下式（２）が得られる。

Therefore, the following equation (2) is obtained from the above equation (1).

同様にＹ軸に関しても下式(3)が得られる。

Similarly, the following equation (3) is obtained for the Y axis.

  On the other hand, for the image G2 of the CCD camera 4B, if the precast member 1 is photographed at the position (xj, yj), the following equations (4) and (5) are obtained.

これらをｘ、ｙ、ｚについて解けば下式（６）が得られる。

Solving these for x, y, and z yields the following equation (6).

  From the above formula (6), the coordinates T (x, y, z) of the precast member 1 can be obtained. However, in order to obtain the coordinates (xi, yi), (xj, yj) in both images G1, G2, corresponding points for determining which point on the object in one image corresponds to the other image Search is required. Since the point on the object is on the line of sight connecting the projection point on one image and the viewpoint, the corresponding point on the line (referred to as an epipolar line) that projects this straight line (line of sight) onto the other image. Exists. Therefore, a corresponding point can be found by searching on the epipolar lines e1 and e2 by combining techniques such as pattern matching. Note that three or more CCD cameras can be installed and three-dimensional measurement can be performed by the same method as described above. In this case, there are advantages that the blind spot can be reduced and the measurement accuracy can be improved, but there are disadvantages such that the corresponding point search process becomes complicated. In the stereo image processing, it is desirable that the optical axes are parallel, but it is sufficient that the intersection angle is known.

  First, the coordinates T (x, y, z) of the precast member 1 are obtained by the above procedure. By repeating this measurement many times, the three-dimensional shape data of the precast member 1 can be obtained. In this three-dimensional shape measurement, manufacturing accuracy data of the joining portion, that is, manufacturing accuracy data of the sleeve 3 is acquired.

  In the three-dimensional shape measurement using the at least two cameras, in order to grasp the distortion existing on the surface of the precast member 1, a grid pattern is formed on the surface of the precast member 1 to be measured by the infrared irradiation device 7. You may make it attach. When a part of the lattice-like line pattern is curved instead of a straight line, it is easily found that the part is not a plane but is distorted.

  On the other hand, three-dimensional shape measurement by the latter three-dimensional scanner is a space grasping technique developed in recent years and is used as a method for specifying a shape or coordinates in a three-dimensional space. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the three-dimensional scanner 8 (laser radar device) is installed at an arbitrary position, and by collimating two reference points (known points) that are set in advance, Alternatively, by installing the three-dimensional scanner 8 on a known point, after obtaining the installation coordinates (Xa, Ya, Za) of the three-dimensional scanner 8, the horizontal range angle and vertical so that the object is included inside Set the range angle, and evenly arrange any number of actual measurement points within the specified rectangular range, and measure the distance from the three-dimensional scanner 8 to each actual measurement point. 3D data (3D point cloud data) of an object is acquired, and various processes for specifying a shape from the acquired 3D point cloud data are performed, and the 3D shape is measured.

  The shape measurement data of the precast member 1 including at least the manufacturing accuracy data of the joint portion and the three-dimensional shape measurement data obtained by these three-dimensional shape measurements is stored in the computer 5.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, on the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the finished structure is sequentially measured, and at least for each joint portion of the precast member 1, the construction error of the joint portion, in the illustrated example, the difference bar 6 Acquire the measurement data of local structures including construction errors. Note that this measurement data can be used later for maintenance.

  The completed shape measurement data is input to the computer 5, and a temporary assembly simulation for selecting the precast member 1 that matches the joint (difference bar 6) is performed by the computer 5. For example, when the construction error of the difference bar 6 of the joint is −3 mm, this data is input to the computer 5 and the precast member 1 that matches this construction error is selected. If the tolerance between the differential bar 6 and the sleeve 3 is ± 5 mm, the No. 123 precast member will exceed the allowable range, and No. 124 (-3 mm) or No. 125 (-5 mm). If it is, it is judged that installation is possible and optimally No.124 (-3mm) is selected, so that installation error can be made with ± 0mm.

  If the precast member 1 that matches the joint part (differential bar 6) of the local structure is selected, the No.124 precast member is ordered from the factory where the precast member 1 is temporarily placed, and the delivery date is It is specified.

  In a factory or the like, the designated precast member 1 is transported to the site on the designated date and time, and the received precast member 1 is installed on the scheduled date. The installation accuracy of the precast member 1 is ± 0 mm.

Thereafter, a temporary assembly simulation is performed on the basis of the shape measurement data of the precast member 1 for each joint portion (difference bars 6 _i , 6 _{i + 1} ,. The precast member 1 is selected by selecting the precast member that can offset the installation error and reducing the installation error, and repeating the procedure for carrying in and installing the selected precast member on the site based on the temporary assembly simulation result. To do.

[Second embodiment]
In the first embodiment, the temporary assembly simulation for selecting the precast member 1 suitable for this joint (differential bar 6) is obtained if the measurement data is obtained for each joint portion of the precast member of the local structure. Sequentially, the selected precast member 1 is sequentially transported to the site and installed. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, a comprehensive provisional assembly simulation is performed on a plurality of joints (difference bars 6) arbitrarily divided into sections or all of the structures constructed on site are completed. The selection is made by a combination of precast members 1, 1... Adapted to individual joint portions (differential bars 6) as a whole.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, all the structures constructed in the field are completed, or the finished shape is measured for a plurality of joints (difference bars 6) arbitrarily divided into sections. Then, the measurement data of the field structure including at least the construction error of the joint portion is stored in the computer 5.

  Since the computer 5 stores the shape measurement data of the precast member and the finished shape measurement data of the on-site structure, a plurality of or all joint sites (difference bars 6, 6. A temporary assembly simulation. Comprehensive temporary assembly simulation can offset the manufacturing accuracy and construction error, reduce the installation error, and at the same time, repeat the selection of the precast member so that the final shape of the precast member 1, 1 ... is accurate. Perform the calculation to select the most appropriate precast member combination.

  If the installation positions of the respective precast members 1, 1... Are determined by the comprehensive temporary assembly simulation, the precast members 1, 1. .

It is the perspective view of the concrete viaduct which showed the example of construction of the structure by a precast member. It is a schematic diagram (the 1) for demonstrating the construction management method of the structure using the precast member which concerns on this 1st form example. It is a schematic diagram (the 2) for demonstrating the construction management method of the structure using the precast member which concerns on this 1st form example. It is explanatory drawing of the three-dimensional shape measuring method (the 1). It is explanatory drawing of the three-dimensional shape measuring method (the 2). It is a schematic diagram (the 3) for demonstrating the construction management method of the structure using the precast member which concerns on the 2nd example of a form.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Precast member, 2 ... IC tag, 3 ... Sleeve, 4A * 4B ... Camera, 5 ... Computer, 6 ... Difference line, 7 ... Infrared irradiation apparatus, 8 ... Three-dimensional scanner

Claims (6)

Each precast member manufactured at the factory is given identification information for identifying the precast member, and three-dimensional shape measurement is performed on each precast member, and at least the manufacturing accuracy data and the three-dimensional shape measurement of the joint part are performed. A first step of storing shape measurement data of a precast member including data in a computer;
The second step of sequentially measuring the finished shape of the structure built locally, and obtaining the finished shape measurement data of the local structure including at least the construction error of the joined portion for each joined portion of the precast member;
Using the computer, a temporary assembly simulation is performed based on the shape measurement data of the precast member for the joint portion of the precast member, and a precast member that can offset the manufacturing accuracy and the construction error and reduce the installation error is selected. A third step;
Based on the temporary assembly simulation result, a fourth step of carrying in and installing the selected precast member on site,
Thereafter, the construction management method of the structure using the precast member is characterized in that the precast member is sequentially constructed by repeating the second step to the fourth step in order for each joint portion of the precast member. Each precast member manufactured at the factory is given identification information for identifying the precast member, and three-dimensional shape measurement is performed on each precast member, and at least the manufacturing accuracy data and the three-dimensional shape measurement of the joint part are performed. A first step of storing shape measurement data of a precast member including data in a computer;
A second step of measuring the finished shape of the structure constructed locally, and storing the finished shape measurement data of the local structure including at least the construction error of the joint portion in a computer;
The computer performs a temporary assembly simulation based on the shape measurement data of the precast member and the finished shape measurement data of the field structure, and selects a combination of precast members that can offset the manufacturing accuracy and the construction error and reduce the installation error. A third step;
A construction management method for a structure using a precast member, comprising: a fourth step of bringing the precast member into the field and installing it in the order according to the erection order based on the temporary assembly simulation result.   The precast member according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional shape measurement is performed by three-dimensional shape measurement using at least two cameras or three-dimensional shape measurement using one three-dimensional scanner. A construction management method for structures.   The three-dimensional shape measurement is a three-dimensional shape measurement using at least two cameras, and a lattice-like pattern is attached to the surface of the precast member to be measured by infrared irradiation. A construction management method for a structure using the described precast member.   The construction management method of the structure using the precast member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the identification information is assigned to each precast member by attaching or burying an IC tag in which the identification information is stored. The construction management method for a structure using a precast member according to claim 5, wherein quality control information of the precast member is stored in the IC tag.

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