JP4803581B2 - Landscape analysis method, computer program for executing the method, and medium storing the program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a landscape analysis method for quantitatively evaluating the degree of visibility / visibility and concealment by the positional relationship between a viewpoint and a visual target in a three-dimensional space based on visual characteristics, and a computer for executing this method The present invention relates to a program and a medium storing the program.

  In general, the landscape evaluation structure is captured as a concept as shown in FIG. 19, for example. When engineering a landscape, it is necessary to clarify the perceptual relationship between the landscape (object) and the subject (human) perceiving it as one evaluation axis. In other words, when visually evaluating a landscape, there is a “landscape space” based on the positional relationship and perceptual characteristics of the main object and the viewer, and its analysis is required. On the other hand, there is a psychological “evaluation space” on how to perceive the landscape on the perceived human side. Examples of the former belong to the visual structure such as the difference in appearance depending on the distance to the object and the continuity of the landscape (sequence) due to human movement, and the present invention relates to the former. is there.

  Conventionally, various indicators and factors have been proposed for the visual structure related to the landscape, particularly the view from the viewpoint (see Non-Patent Document 1). For example, (1) Visible / Invisible, (2) Distance, (3) Gaze incident angle, (4) Invisible depth, (5) Depression angle, (6) Elevation angle, (7) Depth, (8) Yin and yang degree by sunshine There are known eight elements that explain the visual structure of the view (see Non-Patent Document 1). Among the above elements, the indicators related to the present invention include (1) visible / invisible, (2) distance, (3) viewpoint, (4) line-of-sight incidence angle, (5) frequency of viewing, and (6) standard viewing area. SVE (refer FIG. 20) is mentioned. Among these, in particular, the standard visible area SVE is known as one of the indices that have a high relationship with human visual characteristics among the landscape evaluation indices. As shown in FIG. 20, the standard appearance area SVE is an index for quantifying the appearance size of the target visual object OBJ, and is equal to the actual area on the standard visual screen SSV set 1 m ahead from the viewpoint VP. . The closer the viewpoint VP is to the visual target OBJ, the larger the visual target OBJ appears, and the larger the visual influence, and the smaller the visual target OBJ becomes, the smaller the visual influence becomes. Thus, the “standard visible area” is an index indicating the degree of visual influence.

The size of an object (viewing object) is generally represented by physical quantities such as length, width, height, and area. Due to the visual characteristics of humans, the size of the object OBJ appears larger as it is closer, and smaller as it is farther, depending on the spatial positional relationship through light. It is also known that the visible area varies depending on the angle between the surface of the object and the line of sight. One of the landscape evaluation indexes based on such visual characteristics is the “standard visible area” of the object to be viewed, but in general, it is analyzed within a two-dimensional frame such as a photographic image taken from a certain viewpoint. Often. In this case, a method of counting the number of pixels of a photographic image (see Non-Patent Document 2) and a method of substituting another index such as an elevation angle and depression angle can be given.
By the way, the “standard visible area” will be described. The “standard visible area” is an index for quantifying the size of the visual target of interest. The standard visible area SVE (see FIG. 20) is an index for quantifying the size of the visual target OBJ being noticed, and is equal to the actual area on the standard visual screen SSV standing 1 m ahead from the viewpoint VP. As a characteristic of the appearance of an object, the visible area is inversely proportional to the square of the distance d, and the visible area decreases in proportion to the angle θ formed between the line of sight and the surface normal (Lambert's cosine law (Lambert Is known (see Non-Patent Document 3) and is suitable for this law), when the surface area of the object OBJ is a, the standard visible area A = a × cos θ / d ² is calculated. Guided by the formula.

  Furthermore, conventionally, a display device and a display method have been proposed for the purpose of improving drawing performance and faithfully reproducing a virtual reality landscape using CG (computer graphics) (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). reference). However, these conventional display devices and display methods are technologies that display geographic information by speeding up the drawing process by cutting irrelevant information into meshes and evaluating the landscape using 3D CG. It is not a technology for. A three-dimensional spatial data transmission display device has been proposed (see Patent Document 3). However, this is a technique for preventing the transmission capability from being reduced due to an increase in the amount of data, and is not a technique for evaluating a landscape using a three-dimensional CG.

Tadahiko Higuchi, “Structure of Landscape”, Gihodo Publishing Co., Ltd., 1975, p. 28-30 Eiji Kurita, Yoshitoshi Kimura, Kenji Matsumori, Hiroshi Nagatoshi “Physical Evaluation Index Related to Evaluation Structure of Terraced Landscape” Proceedings of the Rural Planning Association Vol. 6, 2004, p. 86-87 James D. Foley et al., “Computer Graphics Theory and Practice,” Ohmsha, 2001, p. 721-722 JP 2003-208633 A JP 2002-279449 A JP2003-115058

  In the analysis method using a two-dimensional frame such as a photographic image described above, the viewpoint (position on the viewing side) and the viewing direction (direction from the viewpoint to the center of the viewing target) are often limited. If changes, it will be necessary to redo the analysis. For this reason, in order to measure the degree of change in the “standard appearance area” of an object that changes for each viewpoint or line-of-sight direction, it has been necessary to set and analyze a two-dimensional frame with various patterns (Non-Patent Document) 2). The analysis method that counts the number of pixels of a photographic image by measuring each viewpoint one by one has a disadvantage that it takes a lot of time and effort. In addition, when performing a simulation by changing a condition such as providing a virtual shielding object (for example, assuming that a water channel as a visual target is not visible due to weeds), It is considered that more complicated processing is required. The techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 have a technique for faithfully reproducing a landscape on CG, a technique for excluding unnecessary information for drawing a moving image at high speed, or a data amount. It is a technology that prevents the transmission capability from decreasing due to the increase, and although there is a relationship in the sense of displaying a three-dimensional space on the screen using a computer, the purpose of analyzing the landscape as in the present invention is It is a technology different from technology.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and provides a landscape analysis method capable of easily and quickly evaluating a landscape, a computer program for executing the method, and a medium storing the program. Objective.

According to the landscape analysis method of the first aspect of the present invention, in a virtual three-dimensional space, a viewpoint region that is data indicating a region to be a viewpoint and a viewing target region that is data indicating a region to be viewed are input by an operator. Input means, storage means for storing each input data, a central processing unit for processing the data stored in the storage means and outputting the processing results to the outside based on a control program, Output means for displaying a processing result output from the arithmetic processing unit, and the viewpoint region and the viewing target region input by the input unit are recognized as graphics in space by the central processing unit, respectively. Set as coordinate data, set the unit that defines the accuracy of the analysis, and based on the set unit data, Divide each area, generate coordinate data of the reference point that represents each section for each divided unit section, and extract the line segment connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the viewing target area Based on the angle between the direction vector of the line segment and the normal vector of the surface of the unit section at the reference point in the viewing target area, the distance between the reference points, and the area of the unit section, the viewing at the reference point in the viewpoint area Quantified data indicating the visual appearance size of the target area is derived, output as the degree of visual appearance size corresponding to the viewpoint position, and the landscape is analyzed by the operator It is.

In the landscape analysis method according to claim 1 of the present invention, in a virtual three-dimensional space, an operator inputs a viewpoint region that is data indicating a region to be a viewpoint and a viewing target region that is data indicating a region to be viewed. Input means, storage means for storing each input data, a central processing unit for processing the data stored in the storage means and outputting the processing results to the outside based on a control program, Output means for displaying a processing result output from the arithmetic processing unit, and the viewpoint region and the viewing target region input by the input unit are recognized as graphics in space by the central processing unit, respectively. Set as coordinate data and set the unit that defines the accuracy of analysis. Based on the set unit data, Divide each area, generate the coordinate data of the reference point representing each section for each divided unit section, and extract the line segment connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the viewing target area Based on the angle between the direction vector of the line segment and the normal vector of the surface of the unit section at the reference point in the viewing target area, the distance between the reference points, and the area of the unit section, the viewing at the reference point in the viewpoint area Quantified data indicating the visual appearance size of the target area was derived, output as the degree of visual appearance size corresponding to the viewpoint position, and the operator analyzed the landscape Therefore, it is possible to easily and quickly analyze the landscape from various viewpoints necessary for evaluating the landscape.

  The landscape analysis method according to claim 2 extracts a line segment connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the viewing target area, and the direction vector of the line segment and the surface of the unit section at the reference point in the viewpoint area Based on the angle between the normal vector and the distance between the reference points and the area of the unit block, quantified data indicating the visual size of the viewpoint area at the reference point in the target area Derived and output as the degree of size seen from the viewpoint corresponding to the position of the visual target, and the landscape is analyzed.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 2, a line segment connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint region and the viewing target region is extracted, and the direction vector of the line segment and the surface of the unit section at the reference point in the viewpoint region Based on the angle between the normal vector and the distance between the reference points and the area of the unit block, quantified data indicating the visual size of the viewpoint area at the reference point in the target area Derived and output as the degree of size seen from the viewpoint corresponding to the position of the visual target, and by analyzing the landscape, quantitatively evaluate the degree of visibility from the visual target side Therefore, the accuracy of evaluation can be improved.

  The landscape analysis method according to claim 3 inputs a landscape component area, which is data indicating an element constituting the landscape, in addition to the viewpoint area and the view target area according to claim 1, and each space Set as coordinate data that is recognized as the upper figure, set the unit that defines the accuracy of analysis, and divide each area of the visualized viewpoint area and view target area based on the set unit data Then, for each of the divided unit sections, coordinate data of a reference point representing the section is generated, and line segments connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the view target area are extracted, Judgment of intersection with landscape component area, non-intersection is regarded as visible, case of intersection is regarded as invisible, and viewing at the reference point in the viewpoint area caused by being obstructed by landscape component area versus Derive a quantified data indicating the visual appearance and size of the hidden area is output as the degree of the magnitude of the visible and hidden on the basis of the data, and which is adapted to analyze the landscape.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 3, in addition to the viewpoint region and the view target region according to claim 1, a landscape component region that is data indicating an element constituting the landscape is input by an input unit, Set as coordinate data that is recognized as the upper figure, set the unit that defines the accuracy of analysis, and divide each area of the visualized viewpoint area and view target area based on the set unit data Then, for each of the divided unit sections, coordinate data of a reference point representing the section is generated, and line segments connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the view target area are extracted, Judgment of intersection with landscape component area, non-intersection is regarded as visible, case of intersection is regarded as invisible, and viewing at the reference point in the viewpoint area caused by being obstructed by landscape component area By deriving quantified data indicating the visual appearance and size of the hidden area of the elephant area, and outputting the degree of the size of the visible and hidden areas based on the data, and analyzing the landscape, In addition to the degree of visibility from the viewpoint side, it is possible to quantitatively evaluate the degree of shielding of landscape components. For this reason, it can achieve the indexing of the landscape shielding degree, and the influence on the landscape forming function can be reliably evaluated.

  A landscape analysis method according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the input of a landscape component area, which is data indicating an element constituting the landscape, in addition to the viewpoint area and the view target area according to the first aspect. Set as coordinate data that is recognized as the upper figure, set the unit that defines the accuracy of analysis, and divide each area of the visualized viewpoint area and view target area based on the set unit data Then, for each of the divided unit sections, coordinate data of a reference point representing the section is generated, and line segments connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the view target area are extracted, The intersection with the landscape component area is determined, the case of non-intersection is regarded as visible, the case of intersection is regarded as invisible, the reference point in the view target area generated by being blocked by the landscape component area Visual Deriving quantified data that shows the size of the visible and hidden areas of the point area, and outputting the scale of the visible and hidden dimensions based on that data to analyze the landscape It is a thing.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 4, in addition to the viewpoint region and the view target region according to claim 1, a landscape component region that is data indicating an element constituting the landscape is input by an input unit, Set as coordinate data that is recognized as the upper figure, set the unit that defines the accuracy of analysis, and divide each area of the visualized viewpoint area and view target area based on the set unit data Then, for each of the divided unit sections, coordinate data of a reference point representing the section is generated, and line segments connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the view target area are extracted, The intersection with the landscape component area is determined, the case of non-intersection is regarded as visible, the case of intersection is regarded as invisible, the reference point in the view target area generated by being blocked by the landscape component area Deriving quantified data that shows the size of the visible and hidden areas of the viewpoint area, and outputting as a degree of the size of the visible and hidden areas based on that data to analyze the landscape As a result, in addition to the degree of visibility from the viewpoint side, it is possible to quantitatively evaluate the degree of occlusion of the landscape components, and evaluate the degree of visible size and the degree of hidden size can do.

In the landscape analysis method according to claim 5, in a virtual three-dimensional space, an input to which a viewpoint region that is data indicating a region that becomes a viewpoint and a viewing target region that is data indicating a region to be viewed is input by an operator. Means, a storage means for storing each input data, a central processing unit for processing the data stored in the storage means and outputting a processing result to the outside based on a control program, and a central processing unit Output means for displaying the processing result output from the input means, and the viewpoint area and the viewing target area input by the input means are set as coordinate data indicating a graphic in space by the central processing unit, respectively. A first step, a second step for setting the size of a unit cell that defines the accuracy of analysis, and the viewpoint region and the target region set in the first step. A third step of dividing the inside of the figure by the size of the unit grid set in the second step, and generating point sequence data by reference points representing the grid for each of the divided unit grids; A fourth step for setting a mutual irradiation ray that is a line segment connecting the reference point on the viewpoint area side and the reference point on the viewing object area side based on the point sequence data generated in step 3; For each mutual irradiation ray, the distance between the reference points of the unit grids in both areas, the direction vector of the mutual irradiation rays, and the normal vector of the unit grid surface on the viewing target side are set for each mutual irradiation ray. A fifth step for calculating the appearance area of each unit grid on the viewing target region side at each reference point on the viewpoint region side based on the corner and the area of the unit grid, and the viewpoint region calculated in the fifth step Viewing pair at each reference point Based on the quantified data indicating the size of the appearance derived in the sixth step of summing the visible area of each unit grid on the region side for each reference point on the viewpoint region side and the sixth step And a seventh step of outputting the degree of appearance of the visual target area in the viewpoint area as a processing result, and the landscape is analyzed by the operator .

In the landscape analysis method according to claim 5, in a virtual three-dimensional space, an input of a viewpoint region that is data indicating a region to be a viewpoint and a visual target region that is data indicating a region to be viewed is input by an operator. Means, a storage means for storing each input data, a central processing unit for processing the data stored in the storage means and outputting a processing result to the outside based on a control program, and a central processing unit Output means for displaying the processing result output from the input means, and the viewpoint area and the viewing target area input by the input means are set as coordinate data indicating a graphic in space by the central processing unit, respectively. A first step, a second step for setting a size of a unit cell that defines the accuracy of analysis, a viewpoint region and a viewing target region set in the first step, A third step of dividing the inside of the figure shown by the size of the unit grid set in the second step, and generating point sequence data with reference points representing the grid for each of the divided unit grids; A fourth step for setting a mutual irradiation ray that is a line segment connecting the reference point on the viewpoint area side and the reference point on the viewing object area side based on the point sequence data generated in step 3; For each mutual irradiation ray, the distance between the reference points of the unit grids in both areas, the direction vector of the mutual irradiation rays, and the normal vector of the unit grid surface on the viewing target side are set for each mutual irradiation ray. A fifth step for calculating the appearance area of each unit grid on the viewing target region side at each reference point on the viewpoint region side based on the corner and the area of the unit grid, and the viewpoint region calculated in the fifth step At each reference point The sixth step of totalizing the appearance area of each unit grid on the elephant region side for each reference point on the viewpoint region side, and the quantified data indicating the appearance size derived in the sixth step And a seventh step of outputting the degree of appearance of the visual target area in the viewpoint area based on the processing result, and by analyzing the landscape by the operator , from the various viewpoints necessary for landscape evaluation The standard visible area can be easily calculated, the degree of visibility from the viewpoint side can be quantitatively evaluated, and the landscape can be analyzed easily and quickly.

  The landscape analysis method according to claim 6 relates to the mutual irradiation ray set in the fourth step, the distance between the reference points of the unit lattices of both regions for each mutual irradiation ray, the direction vector of the mutual irradiation ray, and the visual target. Calculating the visible area of each unit cell on the viewpoint region side at each reference point on the viewing region side based on the angle formed by the normal vector of the surface of the unit cell on the region side and the area of the unit cell Step 6 and a view area of each unit cell on the viewpoint area side at each reference point on the viewing object area side calculated in the fifth step are totaled for each reference point on the viewing object area side. And a seventh step of outputting, as a processing result, a degree of viewing from the viewpoint region in the viewing target region based on the quantified data indicating the viewing size derived in the sixth step. Have and analyze the landscape Those were.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 6, with respect to the mutual irradiation ray set in the fourth step, the distance between the reference points of the unit grids of both regions, the direction vector of the mutual irradiation ray, and the visual target for each mutual irradiation ray Calculating the visible area of each unit cell on the viewpoint region side at each reference point on the viewing region side based on the angle formed by the normal vector of the surface of the unit cell on the region side and the area of the unit cell Step 6 and a view area of each unit cell on the viewpoint area side at each reference point on the viewing object area side calculated in the fifth step are totaled for each reference point on the viewing object area side. And a seventh step of outputting, as a processing result, a degree of viewing from the viewpoint region in the viewing target region based on the quantified data indicating the viewing size derived in the sixth step. Have and analyze the landscape Since the, viewing the degree of the visibility from the side of the object can be quantitatively evaluated, it is possible to evaluate the magnitude of the degree of observed.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 7, in addition to the viewpoint region and the view target region according to claim 5, a landscape component region indicating an element constituting the landscape is input by an input unit, and the first step is performed. As a coordinate data indicating a graphic in space, a viewpoint area, a viewing object area, and a landscape component area are set, and with respect to the mutual irradiation rays connecting the reference points set in the fourth step, When the intersection with the landscape component area is determined, the case of non-intersection is considered visible, the case of intersection is considered invisible, and the area of appearance is determined to be invisible if it is determined to be visible Is the angle between the area between the reference points of the unit grids of both regions for each mutual irradiation ray, the direction vector of the mutual irradiation rays and the normal vector of the unit grid surface on the viewing target side for each mutual irradiation ray, Based on the area of the unit cell A fifth step of calculating the appearance and hidden area of each unit grid on the viewing target region side at each reference point on the region side, and a viewing target region on each reference point on the viewpoint region side calculated in the fifth step A sixth step of summing up the visible and hidden areas of each side unit grid for each reference point on the viewpoint region side, and quantified to indicate the size of the visible and hidden derived in the sixth step A seventh step of outputting the appearance and hiding degree of the view target region in the viewpoint region based on the data as a processing result is to analyze the landscape.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 7, in addition to the viewpoint region and the view target region according to claim 5, a landscape component region indicating an element constituting the landscape is input by an input unit, and the first step As a coordinate data indicating a graphic in space, a viewpoint area, a viewing object area, and a landscape component area are set, and with respect to the mutual irradiation rays connecting the reference points set in the fourth step, When the intersection with the landscape component area is determined, the case of non-intersection is considered visible, the case of intersection is considered invisible, and the area of appearance is determined to be invisible if it is determined to be visible Is the angle between the area between the reference points of the unit grids of both regions for each mutual irradiation ray, the direction vector of the mutual irradiation rays and the normal vector of the unit grid surface on the viewing target side for each mutual irradiation ray, Based on the area of the unit cell A fifth step of calculating the appearance and hidden area of each unit grid on the viewing target region side at each reference point on the point region side, and a viewing target at each reference point on the viewpoint region side calculated in the fifth step A sixth step of summing up the visible and hidden areas of each unit grid on the region side for each reference point on the viewpoint region side, and a quantified value indicating the size of the visible and hidden values derived in the sixth step And a seventh step of outputting the degree of visibility and the degree of hiding in the viewpoint area based on the obtained data as a processing result, and by analyzing the landscape, the degree of visibility from the viewpoint side is improved. In addition, the degree of shielding of the landscape components can be quantitatively evaluated, and the degree of appearance and the degree of hiding can be evaluated.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 8, in addition to the viewpoint region and the view target region according to claim 5, a landscape component region indicating an element constituting the landscape is input by an input unit, As a coordinate data indicating a graphic in space, a viewpoint area, a viewing object area, and a landscape component area are set, and with respect to the mutual irradiation rays connecting the reference points set in the fourth step, When the intersection with the landscape component area is determined, the case of non-intersection is considered visible, the case of intersection is considered invisible, and the area of appearance is determined to be invisible if it is determined to be visible Is the angle between the area between the reference points of the unit grids of both regions for each mutual irradiation ray, the direction vector of the mutual irradiation rays and the normal vector of the unit grid surface on the viewing target side for each mutual irradiation ray, Based on the area of the unit cell A fifth step of calculating the visible and hidden area of each unit grid on the viewpoint region side at each reference point on the elephant region side, and at each reference point on the view target region side calculated in the fifth step A sixth step of summing up the visible and hidden areas of each unit grid on the viewpoint region side for each reference point on the viewing target region side, and the visible and hidden sizes derived in the sixth step And a seventh step of outputting the degree of visibility and visibility of the viewpoint region in the viewing target region based on the quantified data indicating the length as a processing result, and analyzing the landscape.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 8, in addition to the viewpoint region and the view target region according to claim 5, a landscape component region indicating an element constituting the landscape is input by an input unit, and the first step As a coordinate data indicating a graphic in space, a viewpoint area, a viewing object area, and a landscape component area are set, and with respect to the mutual irradiation rays connecting the reference points set in the fourth step, When the intersection with the landscape component area is determined, the case of non-intersection is considered visible, the case of intersection is considered invisible, and the area of appearance is determined to be invisible if it is determined to be visible Is the angle between the area between the reference points of the unit grids of both regions for each mutual irradiation ray, the direction vector of the mutual irradiation rays and the normal vector of the unit grid surface on the viewing target side for each mutual irradiation ray, Based on the area of the unit cell A fifth step of calculating the visible and hidden area of each unit grid on the viewpoint region side at each reference point on the target region side, and each reference point on the visual target region side calculated in the fifth step A sixth step of summing up the visible and hidden areas of each unit grid on the viewpoint region side for each reference point on the viewing target region side, and the visible and hidden sizes derived in the sixth step And a seventh step of outputting as a processing result the degree of visibility of the viewpoint region in the viewing target region based on the quantified data indicating the degree of processing, and analyzing the landscape. The degree of visibility from the object side can be quantitatively evaluated, and the degree of the size of the visible and the degree of the hidden size can be evaluated.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 9, in the seventh step, the area totalized in the sixth step is converted into a ratio and output.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 9, in the seventh step, the area calculated in the sixth step is converted into a ratio and output, so that the method of taking the ratio is various, the whole If the area, the area of the field of view, etc. are converted into a ratio scale, the scale value can be used for the evaluation, and the landscape can be evaluated more precisely from various viewpoints.

In the landscape analysis method according to claim 10, regarding the setting of the data indicating the viewpoint region and the target region and the unit indicating the accuracy of the analysis, the calculation load increases by dividing both the regions by a unit smaller than the set threshold value. In the first case, in the second case in which the calculation load increases because the range of at least one of the two regions is larger than the set range, the threshold in which the length of the mutual irradiation ray connecting the two regions is set for third made longer, or the standard visible area, the standard seen areas, if standard hidden area and the standard hidden area smaller than the size is set thresholds fourth, set in advance predetermined numerical Therefore, the calculation process is reduced, the calculation result is rounded, or the process for prompting the setting change is performed to reduce the calculation load.

In the landscape analysis method according to claim 10, regarding the setting of the data indicating the viewpoint region and the viewing target region and the unit indicating the accuracy of the analysis, the calculation load increases by dividing both regions by a unit smaller than the set threshold value. In the first case, in the second case in which the calculation load increases because the range of at least one of the two regions is larger than the set range, the threshold in which the length of the mutual irradiation ray connecting the two regions is set for third made longer, or the standard visible area, the standard seen areas, if standard hidden area and the standard hidden area smaller than the size is set thresholds fourth, set in advance predetermined numerical The calculation load can be reduced by aborting the calculation process, rounding the calculation result, or prompting the user to change the setting. It is possible to reduce the size of the efficiency and apparatus for working.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 11, after the visible area, the visible area, the hidden area, or the hidden area is calculated, the calculation result and other survey data are overlaid and modified, and reflected in the output of the processing result It is made to let you.

  In the landscape analysis method according to claim 11, after the visible area, the visible area, the hidden area, or the hidden area is calculated, the calculation result and other survey data are overlaid and modified, and reflected in the output of the processing result By making it possible to superimpose it with other data, the evaluation system can be improved.

  A computer program for executing the landscape analysis method according to claim 12 is a computer program that enables the computer to read the landscape analysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

  In the computer program which executes the landscape analysis method according to claim 12, since the computer can read the landscape analysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the program can be executed. When read by a computer, the landscape can be analyzed through the computer.

  A medium according to claim 13 stores a computer program for executing a landscape analysis method, and stores the computer program according to claim 12 so that the computer can read it.

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the computer program according to the twelfth aspect is stored and readable by the computer, so that when the program stored in the medium is read by the computer, the landscape is analyzed through the computer. Can do.

In the landscape analysis method according to claim 1, in a virtual three-dimensional space, an input of a viewpoint region that is data indicating a region to be a viewpoint and a visual target region that is data indicating a region to be viewed is input by an operator. Means, a storage means for storing each input data, a central processing unit for processing the data stored in the storage means and outputting a processing result to the outside based on a control program, and a central processing unit Output means for displaying the processing result output from the input means, and the viewpoint area and the visual target area input by the input means as coordinate data recognized as a graphic in space by the central processing unit, respectively. In addition to setting the unit that defines the accuracy of the analysis, based on the set unit data, each area of the visualized viewpoint area and viewing area is set Each of the divided unit sections generates coordinate data of reference points that represent the sections, and extracts line segments connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the view target area. Based on the angle between the direction vector of the line segment and the normal vector of the surface of the unit section at the reference point in the viewing target area, the distance between the reference points, and the area of the unit section, the viewing at the reference point in the viewpoint area Since the quantified data indicating the visual appearance size of the target area was derived and output as the degree of visual appearance size corresponding to the position of the viewpoint, the landscape was analyzed by the operator . The degree of visual influence regarding visibility and visibility can be easily and quickly analyzed based on various viewpoints and positions of visual targets in a virtual three-dimensional space. For this reason, when formulating a landscape plan, it can be used for examination of the viewing point and the location of the promenade. It can also be applied to landscape impact assessment when installing landscape shields such as signs and buildings.

In the landscape analysis method according to claim 5, in the virtual three-dimensional space, a viewpoint region which is data indicating a region serving as a viewpoint and a viewing target region which is data indicating a region serving as a visual target are input by an operator. Input means, storage means for storing each input data, a central processing unit for processing the data stored in the storage means and outputting the processing results to the outside based on the control program, and central processing Output means for displaying the processing result output from the processing device, and the viewpoint area and the viewing target area input by the input means as coordinate data indicating a graphic in space by the central processing unit, respectively. A first step for setting, a second step for setting the size of a unit cell that defines the accuracy of analysis, and the viewpoint region and the visual target set in the first step A third step of dividing the inside of the figure indicating the area by the size of the unit grid set in the second step, and generating point sequence data by reference points representing the grid for each divided unit grid And a fourth step of setting a mutual irradiation ray that is a line segment connecting the reference point on the viewpoint region side and the reference point on the viewing target region side based on the point sequence data generated in the third step, With respect to the mutual irradiation rays set in step 4, the distance between the reference points of the unit grids in both regions for each mutual irradiation ray, the direction vector of the mutual irradiation rays, and the normal vector of the surface of the unit grid on the viewing region side The fifth step of calculating the appearance area of each unit grid on the view target region side at each reference point on the viewpoint region side based on the angle formed by Each reference point on the viewpoint area side A sixth step of totalizing the appearance area of each unit grid on the viewing object side for each reference point on the viewpoint region side, and quantifying the magnitude of the appearance derived in the sixth step The seventh step of outputting the degree of appearance of the visual target area in the viewpoint area based on the data as the processing result, and the landscape is analyzed by the operator . From various viewpoints necessary for landscape evaluation The standard viewing area can be easily calculated, the degree of visibility from the viewpoint side can be quantitatively evaluated, and the landscape can be analyzed easily and quickly.

  The computer program for executing the landscape analysis method according to claim 12 enables the computer to read the landscape analysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 so that the computer can execute the landscape analysis method. The landscape can be analyzed using a computer.

  The medium according to the thirteenth aspect stores the computer program according to the twelfth aspect and can be read by the computer, so that the program can be read from the medium into the computer and the landscape can be analyzed by the computer.

  The purpose of analyzing the degree of visual influence on visibility, visibility, and concealment easily and quickly is the view area that is the data that indicates the viewpoint area and the view that is the data that indicates the area to be viewed. Input means for inputting the target area and the element data constituting the landscape, storage means for storing each input data, and processing results obtained by processing the data stored in the storage means based on the control program A central processing unit that outputs the processing result to the outside, and an output unit that performs at least one of the operations of displaying or printing the processing result output from the central processing unit in a virtual three-dimensional space. As coordinate data that is recognized as a two-dimensional figure in which a viewpoint area, a visual target area, and a landscape component are respectively formed on a plane or as a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in space Set the unit that defines the accuracy of the figured shape as coordinate data, and divide the figured shape of each area and landscape component based on the set unit, for each division unit Coordinate data is generated based on the reference points, line segments connecting the points of each area are set, line segments connecting the coordinate data of both areas are extracted from these line segments, and the points between the points of both areas are extracted. Standard viewing area projected on a standard visual screen set at a predetermined distance from the viewpoint between the viewpoint and the object to be viewed based on the distance of the line and the angle obtained by the line segment and the figured shape Standard viewing area where the visual target is projected on the standard visual screen on the visual target side from the viewpoint area, standard hidden area and landscape where the shielding object is projected on the standard visual screen on the visual point side by being shielded by the landscape component Constituent element (shield) The standard hidden area projected on the standard visual screen on the side is derived, and the obtained data is converted into a ratio scale value or modified by combining with other data, and the viewpoint and view in a virtual three-dimensional space It was realized by analyzing the landscape by displaying the index value related to the visual influence according to the positional relationship of the object.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of an analysis apparatus used in the landscape analysis method according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a flowchart of processing executed by the analysis apparatus of FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the analysis device 2 includes an input device 3 such as a keyboard and a mouse, a display device (output means) 4A for displaying an analysis result on a screen such as a CRT screen or a liquid crystal screen, and the analysis result is printed. Printer (output means) 4B, a central processing unit (CPU) 5 that controls these input device 3, display device 4A and printer 4A to execute processing, and is connected to and controlled by this central processing unit 5. A main memory 6 in which a program is written and an external storage device (external storage means) 7 connected to the central processing unit 5 and storing analysis results are provided.

  In the landscape analysis method according to the present embodiment, the central processing unit 5 processes each data of a viewpoint region P, a view target region Q, and a landscape component R, which will be described later, and creates a virtual three-dimensional space on the display device 4A. It is supposed to be displayed. To analyze the landscape, first, the viewpoint region P, the viewing target region Q, and the landscape component R are each rendered into polygonal polygons, unit lattices that define accuracy are set, and each region is based on the set unit lattices. The polygon polygon of P and Q and the landscape component R is divided. Next, vertex row data is generated based on the center point for each division unit, the mutual irradiation ray between each area is set, the mutual irradiation ray connecting both areas is extracted, and the points between both areas of the polygon polygon are extracted. Based on the distance of each other and the angle obtained by the mutual irradiation ray and polygon polygon, the visible area is derived, the hidden area is derived from the landscape component data, and the positional relationship between the viewpoint and the visual target in the virtual three-dimensional space The landscape according to the situation is displayed and analyzed. The central processing unit 5 performs the above processing based on the control program. The contents of the above processing will be described below.

  The unit cell that defines the accuracy will be described. The central processing unit 5 determines the size (length of one side) (see FIG. 6) of the unit cell (unit cell mesh) that defines the analysis accuracy based on the control program as the input device 3, the external storage device 7 or The setting is made in the main memory 6. FIG. 6 shows a unit cell and its center point (reference point) when the region is divided, and the size of the unit cell is defined by the length g of one side of the square. The size of the unit cell shown in FIG. 6 is defined by the length g of one side of the square cell. At this time, the area dA of the unit cell is dA = g × g.

  The central processing unit 5 is constituted by a viewpoint region P (see FIG. 3), a viewing target region Q (see FIG. 4), and a landscape component region R (see FIG. 5) by the input device 3 or the external storage device 7. When the vertex string data of the polygon polygon (graphic) to be inputted is input or acquired as coordinate values in a virtual three-dimensional space (computer graphics), it is stored in the main memory 6. That is, when the viewpoint area P, the viewing object area Q, and the landscape component (shielding object) R are input from the input device 3 or the external storage device 7, the central processing unit 5 displays the areas P, Q. And the landscape component R are set as coordinate data recognized as a two-dimensional figure on a plane or a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in space, respectively. The setting of the unit grid mesh is to set a minute area as a unit for defining the accuracy of analysis. The minute area here is, for example, a square having a side length g = 10 cm. Is set.

  The viewpoint area P, the viewing object area Q, and the landscape component area R will be described. The viewpoint area P is a polygonal polygonal area that represents the range of viewpoint positions seen by a person in a virtual three-dimensional space. That is, when the viewpoint region P is input from the input device 3 or the external storage device 7, the central processing unit 5 converts the region P into a two-dimensional figure on a plane or a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in space. It is set as coordinate data to be recognized. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, a viewpoint 11 is a viewpoint area when a person walks on a reference numeral 10 indicating a sidewalk, that is, an area 11 (broken line frame) in which the movable range of the eye position is indicated by a polygon polygon.

  The viewing target area Q is a polygonal polygonal area that indicates the range of the surface shape of an object viewed by a person in a virtual three-dimensional space. The example shown in FIG. 4 is an example (perspective projection view) of a waterway landscape when a pedestrian beside the waterway looks at the waterway, and when the object to be analyzed is set on the water surface in the waterway, the range is A region 12 (broken line frame) indicated by a polygon is a view target region. Reference numeral 13 denotes a slope of the water channel in a state where the grass does not extend, reference numeral 14 denotes a groove wall of the concrete groove, and reference numeral 15 denotes a sidewalk connected to the shoulder of the slope of the water channel. As for the view target area Q, as in the viewpoint area P, when the view target area Q is input from the input device 3 or the external storage device 7, the central processing unit 5 converts the area Q into a two-dimensional plane on the plane. It is set as coordinate data recognized as a target figure or as a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in space.

  The landscape component area R is a polygonal polygonal area that indicates an object (grass, wall, building, etc.) other than the visual target area set as an analysis target among objects in a virtual three-dimensional space. Is. FIG. 4 shows the reference numeral 13 indicating the slope of the waterway, the reference numeral 14 indicating the concrete groove wall, and the reference numeral 15 indicating the sidewalk as polygonal polygonal areas. Can be R. Moreover, it can change whether these are set as the landscape component area | region R as needed.

  FIG. 5 shows an example in which a reference numeral 16 indicating a waterway slope in a state covered with grass is added to the landscape component region R of FIG. 4 as a polygonal polygonal region. FIG. 5 shows that the grass is extended 20 cm on the slope of the water channel compared to FIG. This indicates that the appearance of the visual target region Q changes due to the presence of the landscape component R between the viewpoint and the visual target. In this way, the landscape component R becomes a shield due to the positional relationship between the viewpoint region P and the viewing target region Q, and affects the appearance. As for the landscape component R, when the landscape component R is input by the input device 3 or the external storage device 7 as in the viewpoint region P and the viewing target region Q, the central processing unit 5 The landscape component R is set as coordinate data recognized as a two-dimensional figure on a plane or as a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in space.

  A process of dividing a polygon polygon for each area with a unit grid will be described. The central processing unit 5 divides the polygonal polygon when the polygonal polygon indicating the viewpoint area P and the viewing target area Q that are input or acquired is determined based on the control program, and the divided unit section Each time, coordinate data of a reference point representing the section is generated, and a line segment connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint region and the viewing target region is extracted. Based on the control program, the central processing unit 5 determines the polygonal polygons indicating the viewpoint region P and the viewing target region Q that are input or acquired, and sets the size of the unit grid mesh in both the regions P and Q. The inside of the polygon is divided to generate vertex row data at the center point of each unit cell.

  A method for generating vertex string data will be described. As shown in FIGS. 8 to 12, it can be generated by running scan lines for intersection determination on a plane on which a polygonal polygon is formed at regular intervals. Specifically, (1) a polygonal polygon is projected onto an XY axis, YZ axis, or ZX axis plane (need to calculate a determinant of coordinate transformation), and a scan line is calculated. Run and generate vertex row data of the center point of the unit grid mesh, and then convert it to the position coordinates in the original polygon polygon, or (2) scan line on the plane using the plane equation formed by the polygon polygon It is considered possible to generate vertex row data of the center point of the unit cell mesh. Of these methods, a polygonal polygon is projected onto an XY, YX or ZX axis plane, and a straight line parallel to the axis (X = n, Y = n or Z = n, Note that a method of generating vertex row data using n as a scan line will be described later.

  The setting of mutual irradiation rays will be described. Based on the control program, the central processing unit 5 determines the mutual irradiation ray between the two regions P and Q that connect the center points of the unit lattice mesh generated in the viewing region P and the viewing target region Q that are input or acquired ( Line segment) is set. The mutual irradiation ray (line segment) is, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, a center point pi indicating a minute region (unit section, here, a pentagonal figure) in the viewpoint region P and a minute region in the viewing region Q. This refers to a line segment d connecting the center point qj indicating (unit section, here, hexagonal figure). The center point is a reference point, and for example, the center of gravity may be set as the reference point. When generating vertex string data indicating the center point of the unit grid mesh in the polygon polygon, the normal vector of the plane containing the polygon polygon and the number of points in the vertex string data are calculated. The normal vector and the number of points of the vertex string data may be calculated separately.

The “standard viewing area” will be described. As mentioned in the background art, this is an index for quantifying the size of the appearance of the visual object of interest. The standard visible area SVE (see FIG. 20) is an index for quantifying the size of the visual target OBJ being noticed, and is equal to the actual area on the standard visual screen SSV standing 1 m ahead from the viewpoint VP. As a characteristic of the appearance of an object, the visible area is inversely proportional to the square of the distance d, and the visible area decreases in proportion to the angle θ formed between the line of sight and the surface normal (Lambert's cosine law (Lambert Is known (see Non-Patent Document 3) and is suitable for this law), when the surface area of the object OBJ is a, the standard visible area A = a × cos θ / d ² is calculated. (Note that the actual appearance differs depending on the light properties such as light refraction, reflection, and attenuation by the atmosphere, but in this analysis example, special effects related to light are excluded to eliminate spatial effects. Based on Lambert's cosine law, the size of the appearance on the standard visual screen was calculated based on Lambbert's cosine law, taking into consideration special light properties such as the appearance of mirages due to light refraction and reflection, and the appearance when dense fog occurs. In some cases, the calculation formula suitable for each law It is easy to add to the ram for analysis.) The term “standard viewable area” as used here is quantified by calculating the standard viewable area when viewing the viewpoint area from the view target area side, contrary to the “standard viewable area”. It is defined as an indicator to do. This corresponds to the actual area of the viewpoint area on the standard visual screen set at a distance of 1 m from the point in the visual target OBJ.

  A process performed based on the extracted mutual irradiation ray (line segment) will be described. When the mutual irradiation ray is extracted, based on the angle between the direction vector of the line segment and the normal vector of the surface of the unit section at the reference point in the viewing target area, the distance between the reference points, and the area of the unit section, Quantified data indicating the visual appearance size of the visual target area at the reference point in the viewpoint area is derived. Based on the control program, the central processing unit 5 extracts a mutual irradiation ray connecting the vertex row data generated in the viewpoint region P and the viewing target region Q, and calculates the distance between the points and the mutual irradiation ray and surface. The angle formed by the normal is calculated. For example, FIG. 13 shows the angle θ formed between the mutual irradiation ray connecting the center points of the minute unit grid mesh in the viewing area Q and the viewpoint area P forming the polygon polygon and the normal of the surface. Yes.

  Based on the control program, the central processing unit 5 determines whether or not the mutual irradiation ray intersects the area of the landscape component R, and performs the case classification as visible when not intersecting and invisible when intersecting. (See FIG. 14). Here, the standard visible area (standard visible area) determined to be invisible is defined as the standard hidden area (standard hidden area) in order to distinguish it from those determined to be visible. This corresponds to the actual area of the portion where the viewpoint area or the target area on the standard visual screen is shielded by the landscape component.

  The central processing unit 5 calculates a standard visible area (standard visible area) or a standard hidden area (standard hidden area) for each mutual irradiation ray based on the control program, and calculates the value as a minute unit grid mesh. For each of the center points, the viewpoint area P side and the viewing object area Q side are totaled. FIG. 15 shows an enlarged view of the vicinity of the center point of the unit grid mesh on the viewpoint region P side. The result of aggregation is the standard visible area (P side), standard seen area (Q side), standard hidden for each point, together with the coordinate values of the vertex grid data of the unit grid mesh in each region (P, Q) An area (P side) or standard hidden area (Q side) value is output and displayed on the display device 4A, printed by the printer 4B, or stored in the external storage device 7.

  Described below is how to derive the degree of appearance of the visual target based on the derived quantified data. When the quantified data indicating the visual appearance size of the visual target area at the reference point in the viewpoint area is derived, it is output as a degree of the visual size of the visual object corresponding to the position of the viewpoint, Be able to analyze the landscape. Based on the control program, the central processing unit 5 calculates a ratio scale (area ratio) as a ratio of the standard visible area for each point (standard visible area) and the standard hidden area (standard hidden area) to the reference value of the data. It is possible to perform processing for conversion into

  In calculating the area ratio, there are several possible ways to set the standard (denominator) value. When analyzing as an overhead view or a bird's-eye view (landscape seen from the direction of looking up or landscape seen from the top) depending on the direction of the line-of-sight direction from the viewpoint position, as a standard for calculating the area ratio The surface area of a hemisphere with a radius of 1 m is 2π, and if all directions are targeted, the surface area of the entire sphere is 4π (see FIG. 16). When the human gaze direction is limited (eg, depression angle = about 5 ° to 10 °), the target range in the surface area of a sphere having a radius of 1 m can be calculated and used as a reference value. At that time, it is possible to weight the field of view and the angle (direction) of the line of sight (for example, the human field of view approximates a cone of 60 degrees, or the line of sight concentrates around a depression angle of 10 degrees. It is easy to apply heuristics such as to add to the control program.)

  Based on the control program, the central processing unit 5 can calculate the ratio of the standard visible area (standard seen area) with respect to the areas of the viewpoint region P and the viewing target region Q as a reference. Yes. Further, the shielding value is also converted into a “hidden area ratio (hidden area ratio)” by similarly determining a reference value. The converted result is output as a luminance value for each point together with the coordinate axis of the vertex string data of the unit grid mesh, and is displayed on the display device 4A, printed by the printer 4B, or stored in the external storage device 7. It is supposed to be. Further, the central processing unit 5 calculates the evaluation value by combining the visual characteristic value obtained as described above with the result of the traffic survey obtained from the outside or the result of the landscape evaluation experiment, It is possible to easily add the result of the evaluation value to the control program so as to be output to the display device 4A, the printer 4B, and the external storage device 7. When the above results are output to the display device 4A, the printer 4B, or the external storage device 7, the luminance values (evaluation values) between the vertex string data may be output by applying a linear interpolation method such as glow shading. It can be easily done by adding to the control program.

  The calculation load reduction will be described. When the setting range of the viewpoint region P or the viewing target region Q is increased, or when the size of the minute region is set to be extremely small, the calculation load may increase. For this reason, the central processing unit 5 reduces the calculation load when the setting range of the viewpoint region P or the viewing target region Q is increased or the size of the minute region is set very small based on the control program. As a measure to do this, it is judged that the distance is extremely long beyond a certain range, or the size of “standard visible (visible) area” and “standard hidden (hidden) area” is extremely small beyond a certain range. In this case, it is possible to set the processing to be aborted in order to shorten the processing time. The setting of the threshold for censoring is a matter to be examined according to the size of the target area, the accuracy of analysis, the processing capability of the CPU, and the like.

  Next, the landscape analysis method according to the present invention will be described based on the action of the analysis device 2 according to the above embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the landscape analysis method according to the present invention is first composed of a viewpoint region P, a viewing target region Q, and a landscape component (shielding object) R by the input device 3 in the first step S1. Is input as coordinate values in a virtual three-dimensional space (computer graphics), or these data are acquired by the external storage device 7 and stored in the main memory 6, and the viewpoint Region P (single or multiple polygonal polygons), view target region Q (single or multiple polygonal polygons), and landscape component (obstacle) R (single or multiple polygonal polygons) are set To do. Next, in the second step S2, the size of a unit cell (unit cell mesh) for subdividing the region is set. That is, the size (length of one side) (see FIG. 6) of the unit cell that defines the analysis accuracy is set in the input device 3, the external storage device 7, or the main memory (control program) 6. The second step S2 may be performed before the first step S1. Next, in a third step S3, vertex row data of the center point of the unit cell is generated for each polygon of the viewpoint area P and the object area Q. That is, for each of the polygon polygons indicating the viewpoint region P and the viewing target region Q, the two regions P and Q have the unit cell size (one side g, area dA = g × g) set in the second step S2. The inside of the polygon polygon is divided to generate vertex row data of the center point of each unit cell. Details of the arithmetic processing flow corresponding to the first step S1 to the third step S3 will be described in detail in paragraph numbers (0064) to (0070).

  Next, in a fourth step S4, a mutual irradiation ray (line segment) between the vertex row data in the viewpoint region P and the viewing target region Q is set. That is, a mutual irradiation ray (line segment) between both the regions P and Q connecting the center points of the unit lattices generated in the viewpoint region P and the viewing target region Q is set. Next, in the fifth step S5, the distance or “standard visible (visible) area”, “standard hidden (hidden) area” is considered in consideration of the size of the target area, the accuracy of analysis, the processing capacity of the CPU, and the like. Is set to a threshold value for abortion, and the abortion determination of the arithmetic processing is performed. In other words, if it is determined that the distance is extremely long beyond a certain range, or the size of “standard visible (visible) area” or “standard hidden (hidden) area” exceeds a certain range, it is extremely small. This is a process to abort the process. Next, in a sixth step S6, the distance between the mutual irradiation rays (line segments) and the angle formed by the ray vector and the normal vector of the polygon polygon are calculated. That is, a mutual irradiation ray connecting between the vertex row data generated in the viewpoint region P and the viewing target region Q is extracted, and the distance between the points and the angle between the mutual irradiation ray and the surface normal are calculated. Next, in the seventh step S7, the intersection determination between the mutual irradiation ray and the landscape component R and the calculation of the intersection are performed. That is, it is determined whether or not the mutual irradiation ray intersects the area of the landscape component R, and the case is classified as visible when not intersecting and invisible when intersecting. Next, in an eighth step S8, the standard visible area at each point in the viewpoint area P / the standard visible area at each point in the viewpoint area Q and the standard hidden area / viewpoint area Q at each point in the viewpoint area P. The standard hidden area at each point is calculated, and the value is integrated for each center point of the minute unit cell. Further, the result obtained in the eighth step S8 is combined with the coordinate value of the vertex string data of the unit cell, as a standard visible area, a standard seen area, a standard hidden area, or a standard hidden area value for each point. The output can be output to the display device 4A, the printer 4B, and the external storage device 7 (calculation corresponding to the eleventh step S11 without following the steps of the ninth step S9 and the eighth step S8 described later). It is possible to output the result.)

  Although the eighth step S8 can be processed only after the sixth step S6, the seventh step S7 can be processed independently of the sixth step S6 or the eighth step S8. . In the eighth step S8, integration is performed by dividing into visible and invisible cases, but if it is previously known that there is no shielding object, the seventh step S7 can be omitted, In step S8, there is no need to separate the visible and invisible cases.

  Next, in a ninth step S9, the standard visible area ratio at each point in the viewpoint area P, the standard seen area ratio at each point in the viewpoint area Q, and the standard hidden area ratio at each point in the viewpoint area P At least one of the standard hidden area ratios at each point in the viewpoint area Q is calculated. That is, the size of “standard visible (visible) area” and “standard hidden (hidden) area” calculated in step S8 is converted into a ratio scale (area ratio) with a certain value as a ratio to the reference. It is processing to do. The result calculated by the area ratio is output to the display device 4A, the printer 4B, and the external storage device 7 as a luminance value for each point, a color tone classified by class, etc. together with the coordinate value of the vertex column data of the unit cell. (See the description of eleventh step S11 described later). In this way, at least one of the calculated standard visible area and the standard viewed area, or at least one of the standard hidden area and the standard hidden area is based on a predetermined value. Although it is converted into a scale value of the ratio and reflected in the output of the processing result, it is necessary to convert it into a ratio scale when outputting to the monitor screen. There are various ways of taking the ratio, such as the total area and the area of view. Scale values can be used for evaluation, and landscape evaluation from various viewpoints can be performed more precisely.

  Next, an evaluation value is calculated in a tenth step S10. The evaluation value is calculated based on the result of the visual characteristic value obtained in the eighth and ninth steps S8 and S9, that is, external information input or acquired by the input device 4 or the external storage device 7, that is, The evaluation value is calculated in combination with the result of the traffic volume survey, the information on the direction of gaze incidence, the result of the landscape evaluation experiment, and the like. Next, in the eleventh step S11, the evaluation value obtained in the tenth step S10 is output to the display device 4A, the printer 4B, and the external storage device 7. At this time, the result of the visual characteristic calculated in the eighth and ninth steps S8 and S9 is also output, and the visual characteristic value obtained by the analysis device 2 in the virtual three-dimensional space is output. Based on the result, the degree of visual influence regarding visibility, visibility, and concealment can be analyzed in association with other information (for example, landscape importance evaluation).

  Next, details of the calculation processing from step S2 to step S3 in FIG. 2 in the landscape analysis method according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The process from step S2 to step 3 in FIG. 2 is performed by setting the vertex coordinate data of the center point of each unit cell from the setting of the vertex coordinates of the polygon polygon and the unit cell size (length of one side g). This is a process of generating. First, as shown in step 101 (S101) of FIG. 7, with respect to the polygon polygon indicating the viewpoint area and the viewing target area set in step S1 of FIG. Further, an equation of a plane containing the polygon polygon (plane L: coefficient of ax + by + cz + d = 0) is calculated. Note that the length g of one side of the unit cell lattice is set from step S2 of FIG. At this time, the coefficients a, b, and c of the equation of the plane L are N (a, b, c) as the normal vector of the plane, and can be calculated using the outer product of the vectors (however, the surface orientation of the plane is To set, it is necessary to unify to either right-handed or left-handed.) If multiple polygonal polygons are set, each is calculated, but for the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that a single polygonal polygon is set for each of the viewpoint area and the viewing target area. explain. Next, in step 102 (S102), the size (± unsigned) of each component of a, b, and c is compared, and the plane on which the maximum value is projected (the plane formed by the XY axis, YZ axis, or XZ axis) ) Select. At this time, it can be calculated by projecting on any plane, but it is projected on the plane formed by components excluding the component in which the magnitude (± unsigned) of the X, Y, Z component of the normal vector is the maximum value. (For example, when a is the maximum value, the YZ plane formed by the YZ axes excluding the X component is used.) This is because including a large component axis makes it difficult to divide the projected area.

  Next, in step 103 (S103), a vector between vertices constituting the edge of the polygon polygon is obtained. This is calculated in advance because the line segment vector of the edge constituting the polygon polygon is used for the intersection determination. Next, in step 104 (S104), it is wasteful to perform the intersection determination process by changing the value of p of the scan line (Y = p) from −infinity to + infinity, so that the Y of each vertex is previously stored. Find the maximum and minimum values for coordinates. In this way, the processing speed can be increased by narrowing the range in advance. Next, in step 105 (S105), intersection determination processing is performed using scan lines. Subsequently, in step 106 (S106), vertex string data (coordinate values) of the center point of the unit cell is generated in the polygonal polygon region projected on the XY plane.

  A case where the plane to be projected is an XY plane formed by the X and Y axes will be described as a specific example. At this time, the scan line can be set as either Y = p or X = p (p is a constant, but the value changes as a discriminant) as a discriminant, but here Y = p A case where is used as a scan line will be described as an example. The coordinate value when the polygon polygon coordinate value data is projected onto the XY plane is projected onto the two-dimensional XY plane by deleting the coordinate value of the Z component. FIG. 8 shows an example in which tolerance determination processing is performed on a polygon polygon T projected on the XY plane by a scan line of Y = p (p is a variable) to generate vertex string data of the center point of the unit cell. It is a thing. When the maximum value of the Y coordinate regarding the vertices of the polygon polygon obtained in advance is ymax and the minimum value is ymin, the length of one side of the unit cell lattice is g. Therefore, as shown in FIG. = P scan line starts from Y = ymin + (g / 2), the minimum value xmin of the X coordinate of the intersection of the scan line and the line segment forming the polygonal polygon is obtained, and X = xmin + (g / 2) The position coordinates (X, Y) of the center point are sequentially generated up to a range not exceeding X = xmax by sequentially incrementing by + g. After the vertex sequence data is generated for Y = ymin + (g / 2), the value of Y is incremented by + g, and the intersection determination processing and the generation processing of the vertex sequence data are performed in the same manner. Although the equation of the scan line can be expressed as Y = ymin + (g / 2) + n × g (n is a natural number), Y = ymax− because a small unit cell does not always fit without error in the boundary region. As an example, a condition setting in which (g / 4) is set as a threshold and processing is not performed when the threshold is exceeded is shown. In order to reduce the error of the boundary part, a method of setting the size of the unit cell to be small only in the boundary part is conceivable. However, the calculation process after that becomes necessary and complicated.

A more detailed description will be added regarding the intersection determination processing and the generation of vertex string data. As shown in FIG. 8, the polygon polygon is composed of a plurality of line segments a0-a1, a1-a2,. Discriminant intersection determination of these line segments and the scan lines, as shown in FIG. 9, a line segment end points _a n _{(x1, y1),} if the a n + 1 (x2, y2 ), a line segment of slope m = From (x2−x1) / (y2−y1), x = m × y + n and n = x1−m × y1. If the scan line y = p (ymin ≦ p ≦ ymax) and the discriminant D = (p−y1) / (y2−y1) are defined, there is an intersection when 0 ≦ D ≦ 1. At this time, in order to obtain the x coordinate of the intersection, y = p may be substituted into a linear equation including a line segment, and x = my + n = D × (x2−x1) + x1.

  As shown in FIG. 10, when the polygon polygon is a convex polygon, there are only two intersections of the scan line and the line segment that forms the polygon (when the slope m of the line segment is 0). except for.). At this time, since the length of one side of the unit cell is g, the center point of the unit cell increases the x coordinate by + g from the point (xmin + (g / 2), p) on the scan line. Thus, vertex sequence data (x, y component) can be generated. The x coordinate is generated as xmin + (g / 2) + n × g (n is a natural number) within the range of the point where the scan line intersects the line segment of the polygon polygon. Since the minute area does not always fit in the boundary area within the range of the value smaller than the intersection point xmax, if the value is larger than xmax− (g / 4), the condition setting is made so that point data is not generated. . As a process for reducing the error, a process such as a method of dividing the vicinity of the boundary into smaller areas may be performed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 11, when the slope of the line segment constituting the polygon polygon is 0, the denominator of the discriminant D is 0, and an error occurs. In this case, vertex sequence data is not generated. As processing for reducing the error in the boundary portion, processing such as a method of dividing a minute region in the boundary portion into smaller regions may be performed.

  When the polygonal polygon is a concave polygon, as shown in FIG. 8, there are two or more intersections between the scan line Y = p and the line segment. The x coordinates of the intersections are sorted in ascending order (x1 <x2 <x3 <x4), and when the minimum value of the x coordinate of the intersection is counted as the first, the polygon between the odd-numbered intersections and the even-numbered intersections Since there is a line inside and between the even-numbered intersection point and the odd-numbered intersection point is outside the polygon polygon, it is determined whether or not to generate vertex row data. Also, as shown in FIG. 12, in the case of a polygon polygon with a hole, if the coordinates of the polygon polygon forming the hole are known, the intersection of the line segment and the scan line is obtained, and similarly If the intersections are sorted in ascending order, processing between the even-numbered intersections and the odd-numbered intersections as holes that are not included in the polygon polygon is handled without generating vertex row data. After the (x, y) coordinates of the vertex sequence data on the XY plane are determined, the vertex sequence data (x, y, z) is calculated by substituting it into the equation of the plane containing the polygon polygon and calculating the z coordinate. Can be generated.

  As described above, in the landscape analysis method according to the present embodiment, the polygonal polygon constituted by the viewpoint region P, the viewing target region Q, and the landscape component (shielding object) R is input by the input device 3 or the external storage device 7. As long as vertex string data is input or acquired as coordinate values in a virtual three-dimensional space (computer graphics) and the unit cell size (length of one side) is set in advance, visual characteristics can be improved. Since it can be obtained easily, quickly, and accurately, the degree of visual influence regarding visibility, visibility, and occlusion can be analyzed. As a result, when formulating a landscape plan, it can be used to examine the view point and the location of the promenade. The landscape analysis method according to the present embodiment is created as a computer program that can be read by a computer to be executed by a computer. The computer program is stored in a computer-readable medium.

  In the conventional method, the entire region around the viewpoint is divided by the mesh grid in order to increase the efficiency of the arithmetic processing, whereas in the present invention, the viewpoint or the viewing target region is set in order to define the accuracy of the analysis. The interiors of the viewpoint region and the viewing target region are divided by a set unit lattice.

1 is a system configuration diagram of an analysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. (Example 1) It is a flowchart of the process which performs landscape analysis by the analyzer of FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a viewpoint region P. FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the visual field Q. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a landscape component (shielding object) R. It is explanatory drawing which shows the magnitude | size of the unit cell which prescribes | regulates an analysis precision. It is a flowchart which shows the step of the arithmetic processing corresponding to step S1 to step S3 of FIG. It is a graph which shows the intersection of a scan line and a line segment in the case of a concave polygon polygon. FIG. 9 is a graph for deriving a discriminant for intersection determination between each line segment and a scan line for the polygon polygon of FIG. 8. It is a graph which shows the intersection of a scan line and a line segment in the case of a convex polygon polygon. It is a graph which shows the case where the inclination of the line segment which comprises a polygon polygon is zero. It is a graph which shows the intersection of a scan line and a line segment in the case of a perforated polygon polygon. It is explanatory drawing which shows angle (theta) which the normal line of the mutual irradiation ray and the surface normal line which connect the center point of the fine unit cell in the viewpoint area | region P which forms a polygon polygon, and the view object area | region Q form. When a mutual irradiation ray cross | intersects the area | region of the landscape component R, it is explanatory drawing at the time of performing case classification as invisible. It is an enlarged view near the center point of a unit cell. It is explanatory drawing which shows the landscape seen by the direction of the gaze direction of a visual target from a viewpoint position. It is a flowchart which shows the first half of the whole process. It is a flowchart which shows the second half of the whole process. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the evaluation structure of a general landscape. It is explanatory drawing which shows a standard visible area.

Explanation of symbols

P Viewpoint area (viewpoint area data)
Q view target area (view target data)
3 Input device (input means)
4A display device (output means)
4B printer (output means)
5 Central processing unit 6 Main memory (storage means)

Claims (13)

In a virtual three-dimensional space, an input means for inputting a viewpoint area that is data indicating a viewpoint area and a viewing target area that is data indicating an area to be viewed by an operator, and stores each input data And a central processing unit for processing the data stored in the storage unit and outputting the processing result to the outside based on a control program, and an output for displaying the processing result output from the central processing unit Means and
The viewpoint area and the viewing target area input by the input means are set as coordinate data recognized as a graphic on the space by the central processing unit, and a unit for defining the accuracy of analysis is set. Based on the set unit data, each area of the visualized viewpoint area and the viewing target area is divided, and the coordinate data of the reference point representing the section is generated for each divided unit section, The line segment connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the viewing target area is extracted, and the angle between the direction vector of the line segment and the normal vector of the surface of the unit section at the reference point in the viewing target area is Based on the distance between the reference points and the area of the unit partition, quantified data indicating the visual appearance size of the visual target area at the reference point in the viewpoint area is derived, and the view corresponding to the viewpoint position is derived. Subject Output as the size degree of the example, landscape analysis method characterized by analyzing the landscape by the operator.   A line segment connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the target area is extracted, and the angle between the direction vector of the line segment and the normal vector of the surface of the unit block at the reference point in the viewpoint area and the reference Based on the distance between the points and the area of the unit area, we derived quantified data indicating the visual size of the viewpoint area at the reference point in the target area and corresponded to the position of the target The landscape analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the landscape is analyzed by outputting as a degree of size seen from a viewpoint.   In addition to the viewpoint area and the viewing target area according to claim 1, a landscape component area that is data indicating an element constituting a landscape is input by input means, and coordinate data recognized as a graphic in space, respectively. Set the unit that defines the accuracy of the analysis, divide each area of the viewing area and the viewing area based on the set unit data, and for each divided unit section Generate coordinate data of the reference points representing the sections, extract line segments connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the target area, and determine the intersection of each line segment and the landscape component area The case of non-intersection is regarded as visible and the case of intersection is regarded as invisible. Big Landscape analysis method according to claim 1 which derives the quantified data, and output as the degree of the magnitude of the visible and hidden on the basis of the data, characterized by analyzing the landscape shows the of.   In addition to the viewpoint area and the viewing target area according to claim 1, a landscape component area that is data indicating an element constituting a landscape is input by input means, and coordinate data recognized as a graphic in space, respectively. Set the unit that defines the accuracy of the analysis, divide each area of the viewing area and the viewing area based on the set unit data, and for each divided unit section Generate coordinate data of the reference points representing the sections, extract line segments connecting the reference points of both the viewpoint area and the target area, and determine the intersection of each line segment and the landscape component area In the case of non-intersection, it is considered visible and the case of intersection is considered invisible. Is The landscape analysis method according to claim 1, wherein quantified data indicating a size is derived, output as a degree of a size that is seen and hidden based on the data, and the landscape is analyzed. . In a virtual three-dimensional space, an input means for inputting a viewpoint area that is data indicating a viewpoint area and a viewing target area that is data indicating an area to be viewed by an operator, and stores each input data And a central processing unit for processing the data stored in the storage unit and outputting the processing result to the outside based on a control program, and an output for displaying the processing result output from the central processing unit Means and
A first step of setting the viewpoint region and the viewing target region input by the input means as coordinate data indicating a graphic in space by a central processing unit ;
A second step of setting a unit cell size defining the accuracy of the analysis;
The inside of the figure showing the viewpoint area and the view target area set in the first step is divided by the size of the unit grid set in the second step, and the grid is represented for each divided unit grid. A third step of generating point sequence data by reference points;
A fourth step of setting a mutual irradiation ray that is a line segment connecting the reference point on the viewpoint region side and the reference point on the viewing region side based on the point sequence data generated in the third step;
Regarding the mutual irradiation ray set in the fourth step, the distance between the reference points of the unit lattices in both regions for each mutual irradiation ray, the direction vector of the mutual irradiation ray, and the normal of the unit lattice surface on the viewing region side A fifth step of calculating an appearance area of each unit grid on the view target area side at each reference point on the viewpoint area side based on an angle formed by the vector and an area of the unit grid;
A sixth step in which the appearance area of each unit grid on the viewing target area side at each reference point on the viewpoint area side calculated in the fifth step is tabulated for each reference point on the viewpoint area side;
And a seventh step of outputting the degree of appearance of the sixth step in derived quantified visual target region in the viewpoint area based on the data indicating the magnitude of the appearance was as the processing result, the landscape by the operator A landscape analysis method characterized by analyzing. Regarding the mutual irradiation ray set in the fourth step, the distance between the reference points of the unit lattices in both regions for each mutual irradiation ray, the direction vector of the mutual irradiation ray, and the normal of the unit lattice surface on the viewing region side A fifth step of calculating the visible area of each unit grid on the viewpoint region side at each reference point on the viewing target region side based on the angle formed by the vector and the area of the unit grid;
A sixth step of counting the area of each unit grid on the viewpoint region side at each reference point calculated on the fifth step for each reference point on the view target region side calculated in the fifth step;
A seventh step of outputting as a processing result the degree of viewing from the viewpoint region in the viewing target region based on the quantified data indicating the size of the viewing derived in the sixth step, The landscape analysis method according to claim 5, wherein the landscape is analyzed. In addition to the viewpoint area and the viewing target area according to claim 5, a landscape constituent element area indicating an element constituting the landscape is input by an input means,
In the first step, as a coordinate data indicating a graphic in space, a viewpoint area, a visual target area, and a landscape component area are set,
Cross-irradiation rays that connect between the reference points set in the fourth step are determined to cross each other's irradiation rays and the landscape component area, and the non-intersection is considered visible and the intersection is considered invisible If it is determined to be visible, the visible area is determined, the hidden area is determined to be invisible, the distance between the reference points of the unit grids in both regions for each mutual irradiation ray, and the mutual irradiation ray. The visibility and hiding of each unit grid on the viewing area side at each reference point on the viewpoint area side based on the angle between the direction vector of the image and the normal vector of the surface of the unit grid on the viewing area side and the area of the unit grid A fifth step of calculating the area of
A sixth step of totalizing the appearance and hidden area of each unit grid on the view target area side at each reference point on the viewpoint area side calculated in the fifth step for each reference point on the viewpoint area side;
A seventh step of outputting, as a processing result, the appearance and degree of hiding of the visual target area in the viewpoint area based on the quantified data indicating the size of the appearance and hiding derived in the sixth step; The landscape analysis method according to claim 5, wherein the landscape is analyzed. In addition to the viewpoint area and the viewing target area according to claim 5, a landscape constituent element area indicating an element constituting the landscape is input by an input means,
In the first step, as a coordinate data indicating a graphic in space, a viewpoint area, a visual target area, and a landscape component area are set,
Cross-irradiation rays that connect between the reference points set in the fourth step are determined to cross each other's irradiation rays and the landscape component area, and the non-intersection is considered visible and the intersection is considered invisible If it is determined to be visible, the visible area is determined, the hidden area is determined to be invisible, the distance between the reference points of the unit grids in both regions for each mutual irradiation ray, and the mutual irradiation ray. Each unit grid on the viewpoint area side at each reference point on the view target area side based on the angle formed by the direction vector of and the normal vector of the surface of the unit grid on the view target area side and the area of the unit grid A fifth step of calculating a hidden area;
Sixth step of summing up the visible and hidden areas of each unit cell on the viewpoint area side at each reference point on the viewing object side calculated in the fifth step for each reference point on the viewing object area side When,
A seventh step of outputting, as a processing result, the degree of visibility and hiding of the viewpoint area in the viewing target area based on the quantified data indicating the size of the visible and hidden areas derived in the sixth step; The landscape analysis method according to claim 5, wherein the landscape is analyzed.   The landscape analysis method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein in the seventh step, the area totalized in the sixth step is converted into a ratio and output. Regarding the setting of the data indicating the viewpoint area and the target area and the unit indicating the accuracy of analysis, in the first case where the calculation load increases by dividing both areas by a unit smaller than the set threshold , at least one of the two areas In the second case where the calculation load increases because the range of any one region is larger than the set range, the third case where the length of the mutual irradiation ray connecting both regions becomes longer than the set threshold value , or the standard In the fourth case where the visible area, the standard seen area, the standard hidden area, and the size of the standard hidden area are smaller than the set threshold value , a predetermined numerical value is set in advance and the calculation process is terminated, or the calculation result is The landscape analysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a calculation load is reduced by performing fraction processing or processing for prompting a change in setting.   After calculating the visible area, the visible area, the hidden area, or the hidden area, the calculation result and other survey data are superimposed and modified to reflect the result in the output of the processing result. The landscape analysis method according to any one of 10.   A computer program that can be read by a computer to cause the computer to execute the landscape analysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.   A medium storing the computer program according to claim 12 and capable of being read by a computer.

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