JP4805808B2 - 成形三次元絶縁体 - Google Patents
成形三次元絶縁体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4805808B2 JP4805808B2 JP2006501121A JP2006501121A JP4805808B2 JP 4805808 B2 JP4805808 B2 JP 4805808B2 JP 2006501121 A JP2006501121 A JP 2006501121A JP 2006501121 A JP2006501121 A JP 2006501121A JP 4805808 B2 JP4805808 B2 JP 4805808B2
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- Prior art keywords
- end cone
- insulator
- weight percent
- weight
- preform
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
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- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2003年1月22日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/441,664号および2003年3月21日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/456,736号の優先権を主張するものである。
バルク収縮率
セラミックファイバー塊のバルク収縮率を、チャートレコーダを有するシータダイラトロニックIIサーマルアナライザ(Theta Dilatronic II Thermal Analyzer)、型番MFE−715(ニューヨーク州ポートワシントンのシータインダストリー社(Theta Industries, Inc.,Port Washington,NY)より入手)を用いて熱機械分析(TMA)により求めた。ファイバー試料を、直径11mmの円形ダイを用いて切断し、炉のプラテンに置いた。1350グラムの重りを支持する直径7mmの水晶ロッド(長さ約35.6cm)を試料の上に置き、炉を閉じた。これは、試料に加えられた約50psi(345kN/m2)の荷重に対応する。15℃/分のレートで1000℃まで加熱する前に、重りを加えた試料を約5分間安定化させた。オーブンが1000℃に達した後、炉をオフにして室温まで冷却した。試料を炉内で冷却した。ロッドの端部とプラテンとの間の空隙として測定した試料の厚さを、加熱および冷却サイクルの両方の間にチャートレコーダでプロットした。加熱サイクル中750℃で記録した厚さ(T1)と、冷却サイクル中750℃で記録した厚さ(T2)から収縮パーセントを計算した。バルク収縮次のようにして計算した。
%バルク収縮率=[(T1−T2)/T1]×100。
圧縮率は、室温(約20℃〜約25℃)での固定空隙内の絶縁材料の圧縮に対する抵抗性の尺度であり、単位面積当たりの力、kN/m2(キロニュートン/メートル2)で表される。MTSシステムズコープ(ノースカロライナ州リサーチトライアングルパーク)(MTS Systems Corp (Research Triangle Park,NC))製圧縮試験機で約3.8cm×3.8cmの絶縁材料の正方形試料で試験を行った。試験機は、静置下部プラテンと、荷重計に取り付けられた上部プラテンとを有していた。試料を下部プラテンに置き、上部プラテンを30.48cm/分のレートで、所望の実装密度により求められた固定空隙まで下げた。絶縁材料は、上部プラテンが、試料を圧縮する際の実装密度のために設定された空隙にまず達したときに、尖頭力を示した。プラテンを停止し、15秒間その点で保持し、その間、絶縁材料を弛緩させ、その力を減じた。本明細書において、「圧縮値」という用語は、15秒間保持した後に測定した圧縮力のことを指す。圧縮力値は実装密度に依存している。
RCFTは、通常の使用中に金属汚染防止装置の二重壁エンドコーンの空隙にある条件をモデル化したものであり、モデル化された条件下で装置の内側と外側エンドエンドコーン筐体間に実装されたものとしての絶縁材料により生じた圧力を測定した。絶縁材料を、2枚の50.8mm×50.8mmのステンレス鋼プラテン間に配置し、絶縁材料が実装密度0.4g/mlとなるようにプラテンを閉じた。プラテンを独立制御して、異なる温度まで加熱し、使用中汚染防止装置の冷たい周囲空気に晒される外側エンドコーン筐体の温度と、熱い排気ガスに晒される内側エンドコーン筐体の温度をシミュレートした。プラテンを、以下の表4に示す設定点温度まで加熱した。それぞれの温度での内側および外側エンドコーン筐体の熱膨張係数から計算した値により、プラテン間の空隙を減じ、増やした。第1のプラテン(すなわち、プラテン1)で約450℃まで温度を上げるにつれて、空隙を非常に僅かに減じて、内側エンドコーン筐体が熱排気ガスに近づく僅かに高い膨張をシミュレートした。温度を上げ続けると、第2のプラテン(すなわち、プラテン2)で金属が膨張にするにつれて空隙が僅かに増えた。内側エンドコーン筐体をシミュレートしているプラテン1と、外側エンドコーン筐体をシミュレートしているプラテン2のプラテンの温度を表4に示す。実装材料が出す圧力を、MTSシステムズ、ノースカロライナ州、リサーチトライアングルパーク(MTS Systems Corp., Research Triangle Park,NC)より入手した伸び計を備えたシンテック(Sintech)IDコンピュータ制御の荷重フレームを用いて測定した。好適な絶縁体は、通常、加熱および冷却サイクル中、圧力が最も低いと考えられるとき、特に、プラテンを900℃および530℃で保持したときの15分間、空隙内で圧力を出す。
95.5重量パーセントの水、2.95重量パーセントのセラミックファイバー、0.95重量パーセントのアルミン酸ナトリウムおよび0.6重量パーセントの活性硫酸アルミニウム(50%硫酸アルミニウム溶液の形態で添加)を含有するスラリーを5ガロンのプラスチックライニングドラムで調製した。工業等級の低剪断ミキサーを低速で用いて、ミキサーの攪拌速度を増やしながら、セラミックファイバーを分散し、ファイバーの大きな塊を引き離しながら、ドラム中で地下水15.4リットル(l)にセラミックファイバーを徐々に加えた。セラミックファイバーを全て加えたら、アルミン酸ナトリウムを加え、約3分間混合した。硫酸アルミニウム溶液を徐々に加え、スラリーが均一になるまでスラリーをさらに5分間混合した。
約178リットルの地下水を、中−高速で操作されるインラインプロペラミキサを備えたステンレス鋼混合タンクに添加することにより、スラリーを調製した。分散液を維持し、ファイバーの大きな塊を破断して離すために、ミキサーの速度を最大レベルまで増大しながら、徐々に5.7kgの熱処理済みセラミックファイバー(実施例1に記載したもの)を加えた。1.1kgのラテックス(ペンシルバニア州フィラデルフィアのエアプロダクツ((Philadelphia,PA,Air Produts)より「エアフレックス(AIRFLEX)600BP」という商品名で販売されている55重量パーセント固形分のエチレンビニルアクリレートターポリマーの水性エマルジョン)を加え、約5分間混合した。ラテックス添加後、固形分50%水溶液中1.9kgの活性硫酸アルミニウムを添加し、地下水をさらに178リットル添加し、消泡剤(ドイツのヘンケル(Henkel,Germanny)より「フォーマスタ(FORMASTER)III」という商品名で市販)90.7グラムを添加した。スラリーを均一になるまで約10分間混合し、プラスチックライニングの55ガロン(208リットル)のドラムに汲み上げた。乾燥重量基準で(すなわち水なしで)、組成は78重量パーセントの熱処理済みセラミックファイバー、8重量パーセントのラテックス、13重量パーセントの硫酸アルミニウムおよび1重量パーセントの消泡剤であった。
ダイアセンブリを用いて実施例2のスラリーからプリフォームを作成し、汚染防止装置の二重壁エンドコーンの外側エンドコーン筐体(すなわち、汚染防止装置の外側エンドコーン筐体)内にプリフォームを形成した。このプリフォームのダイアセンブリは、複合成形ダイおよび形状保持装置を含んでいる。複合成形ダイ構造は、内側骨格と外側シェルを有している。形状保持装置は、汚染防止装置の外側エンドコーン筐体である。複合ダイは、複合成形ダイの外側シェルが、汚染防止装置のエンドコーン領域に用いられる内側エンドコーン筐体よりも全ての寸法においてやや小さい以外は、実施例2で記載したものと同様である。この小さい成形ダイによって、形状保持装置と同じ外側寸法だが、大きな成形ダイで製造されるよりも壁の厚いプリフォームが形成できる。形状保持装置は、アセンブリをスラリーに浸し、成形ダイにおいて真空に引くときに、スラリーが形状保持装置と成形ダイとの間の空間に容易に移動できるよう複合成形ダイに対して配置されている。プリフォームの所望の厚さおよび密度が得られたら、真空を止め、アセンブリ全体をスラリーから持ち上げて出す。プリフォームを成形ダイにより支持されたまま形状保持装置に挿入する。次に、成形ダイから空気を流して、プリフォームをダイから外し、プリフォームを形状保持装置に押し付ける。プリフォームは、形状保持装置に圧着させることができる。圧着を用いて、きれいな端部を備えた絶縁体を作製することができる。プリフォームを成形ダイと形状保持装置間でプレスすると、セラミックファイバーが端部で剪断できる。すなわち、エンドコーン絶縁体のエンドまたは端部周辺に過剰のファイバーがない。
組成が356リットルの水、5.7kgの熱処理済みセラミックファイバー、1.07kgのラテックス(エアフレックス(AIRFLEX)600BP)、1.2kgの活性硫酸アルミニウムの固形分50%水溶液および90.7グラムの消泡剤(フォーマスター(FOAMSTER)III)であった以外は、実施例2に記載した手順に従ってスラリーを調製した。乾燥重量基準で(すなわち水なしで)、組成は82重量パーセントの熱処理済みセラミックファイバー、8重量パーセントのラテックス、9重量パーセントの硫酸アルミニウムおよび1重量パーセントの消泡剤であった。複合成形ダイが汚染防止装置のエンドコーン領域において内側エンドコーン筐体の外側表面と略同じ寸法であった以外は、実施例3に記載した手順に従ってプリフォームを作製した。形状保持装置を実施例3に記載したように用いた。プリフォームを、同様に、一晩空気乾燥させて、絶縁体を形成した。
96.2重量パーセントの水、2.97重量パーセントの熱処理済みセラミックファイバー(実施例1に記載)、0.24重量パーセントのアルミン酸ナトリウム、0.3重量パーセントのラテックス(エアフレックス(AIRFLEX)600BPラテックス)および0.3重量パーセントの固形分50%水性活性硫酸アルミニウムを含有するスラリーを、インラインプロペラミキサーを備えたステンレス鋼混合タンクにて調製した。スラリーは約183.6l(48.5ガロン)の地下水を含んでいた。ミキサーを中〜高速で攪拌させて、アルミン酸ナトリウムを加えた。セラミックファイバーを徐々に添加し、ミキサー速度を最大レベルまで上げて、ファイバーを分散させ、大きなファイバーの塊を壊し続けた。ファイバー分散後、ラテックスを添加し、約5分間混合した。次に、硫酸アルミニウム溶液を徐々に加え、均一になるまでスラリーを約10分間混合した。実施例2の手順に従って絶縁体を作成した。自立形絶縁体は撓み性があり、弾性があって、バルク収縮率は約4.5%であった。絶縁材料の圧縮率を様々な実装密度および様々な坪量で試験した。結果を表3に示す。
用いたファイバーが、1060℃で3分間熱処理した、ニューヨーク州バッファロー(Buffalo,NY)のベスビウス(Vesuvius)より入手可能なセルウール(Cer−Wool)HPファイバーである以外は、実施例3の手順に従って絶縁体を作成する。供給業者によると、ファイバーは、44〜49重量パーセントのAl2O3、50〜54重量パーセントのSiO2、0〜0.2重量パーセントのFe2O3、0〜0.1重量パーセントのTiO2、0.5重量パーセント未満のその他材料の組成を有している。ファイバーのバルク収縮率は3.2%であった。
用いたファイバーが、熱処理した、シンニカ(Shinnika)TC(日本、東京(Tokyo,Japan))SNSCファイバーである以外は、実施例3に記載した手順に従って絶縁体を作成する。ファイバーは、約54重量パーセントのシリカと約46重量パーセントのアルミナの組成を有している。ファイバーを1060℃で熱処理したところ、バルク収縮率は2.6%であった。
熱処理した様々なセラミックファイバーから絶縁体を作成した。ファイバーを、表5に示した時間にわたって1060℃で熱処理した。熱処理後のバルク収縮率も示してある。ファイバー組成は次の通りである。
51重量パーセントAl2O3および48〜52%SiO2のセルウール(CERWOOL)HTA46(ベスビウス(Vesuvius)より入手)
50重量パーセントのSiO2、35重量パーセントのAl2O3および15重量パーセントのZrO2のカオウール(KAOWOOL)ZR(サーマルセラミックス(Thermal Ceramics)より入手)
28重量パーセントのSiO2および78重量パーセントのAl2O3のマフテック(MAFTEC)MLS(三菱化学(Mitsubishi Chemical)より入手)
サフィル(SAFILL)LDM(サフィル(Safill)より入手)
Claims (8)
- 汚染防止装置のエンドコーン領域における内側エンドコーン筐体と外側エンドコーン筐体との間に配置されるための寸法を有するエンドコーン絶縁体であって、前記エンドコーン絶縁体は、(a)熱機械分析試験を用いたバルク収縮率が10パーセント以下のセラミックファイバーおよび(b)前記セラミックファイバーの重量に基づいて40重量%以下の無機バインダーを含み、前記エンドコーン絶縁体は、自立形であり、シームレスであり、円錐形であり、実装密度が約0.4g/mlである場合に750kN/m 2 以下の圧縮値を示すのに十分に可撓性であり、および、移動することができ前記エンドコーン絶縁体または前記汚染防止装置に含まれるモノリスに悪影響を及ぼし得る膨張性材料を含まないことを特徴とするエンドコーン絶縁体。
- 前記セラミックファイバーが、当該ファイバーの重量に基づいて少なくとも20重量パーセントの量のAl2O3と少なくとも30重量パーセントの量のシリカとを含み、前記セラミックファイバーが微結晶質、結晶質、またはこれらの組み合わせである、請求項1に記載のエンドコーン絶縁体。
- 前記エンドコーン絶縁体がさらに有機バインダーを含む、請求項1または2に記載のエンドコーン絶縁体。
- 金属製の内側エンドコーン筐体と金属製の外側エンドコーン筐体とを含み、これらの筐体の間に請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のエンドコーン絶縁体を含む汚染防止装置。
- 汚染防止装置のエンドコーン領域における内側エンドコーン筐体と外側エンドコーン筐体との間に配置されるための寸法を有するエンドコーン絶縁体の製造方法であって、(a)熱機械分析試験を用いたバルク収縮率が10パーセント以下のセラミックファイバーおよび(b)前記セラミックファイバーの重量に基づいて40重量%以下の無機バインダーを含む水性スラリーを調製する工程と、
前記水性スラリーから円錐形プリフォームを透過成形ダイで真空成形する工程と、
前記プリフォームを乾燥して、自立形であり、シームレスであり、円錐形であり、実装密度が約0.4g/mlである場合に750kN/m 2 以下の圧縮値を示すのに十分に可撓性であり、および、移動することができ前記エンドコーン絶縁体または前記汚染防止装置に含まれるモノリスに悪影響を及ぼし得る膨張性材料を含まないエンドコーン絶縁体を作製する工程と
を含み、前記エンドコーン絶縁体は汚染防止装置のエンドコーン領域における内側エンドコーン筐体と外側エンドコーン筐体の間に配置されるための寸法を有する、エンドコーン絶縁体の製造方法。 - 前記セラミックファイバーが、当該セラミックファイバーの重量に基づいて少なくとも20重量パーセントの量のAl2O3と少なくとも30重量パーセントの量のシリカとを含み、前記セラミックファイバーが微結晶質、結晶質またはこれらの組み合わせである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記真空成形が、前記プリフォームを前記透過成形ダイにより支持しながら前記プリフォームを形状保持装置中に挿入するか又は形状保持装置上に付着させる工程、前記プリフォームを前記形状保持装置に移す工程と、前記透過成形ダイを取り外す工程とをさらに含む、請求項5または6に記載の方法。
- 内側エンドコーン筐体および外側エンドコーン筐体を含むエンドコーン領域を有する汚染防止装置の製造方法であって、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法により製造されたエンドコーン絶縁体を汚染防止装置の前記内側エンドコーン筐体と外側エンドコーン筐体との間に配置することを含む、汚染防止装置の製造方法。
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| PCT/US2004/001977 WO2004064996A2 (en) | 2003-01-22 | 2004-01-22 | Molded three-dimensional insulator |
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-
2004
- 2004-01-22 KR KR1020057013418A patent/KR101148724B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-22 EP EP04737343.6A patent/EP1592499B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-22 JP JP2006501121A patent/JP4805808B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-22 US US10/540,242 patent/US8652599B2/en active Active
- 2004-01-22 EP EP18182579.5A patent/EP3415485A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-01-22 WO PCT/US2004/001977 patent/WO2004064996A2/en not_active Ceased
-
2014
- 2014-01-28 US US14/165,788 patent/US9995424B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2018
- 2018-06-04 US US15/996,561 patent/US10844994B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004064996A3 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
| KR101148724B1 (ko) | 2012-05-29 |
| EP1592499A2 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
| US20180283598A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
| JP2006517275A (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
| US8652599B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 |
| US10844994B2 (en) | 2020-11-24 |
| EP3415485A1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
| KR20050100632A (ko) | 2005-10-19 |
| EP1592499B1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
| US20140140900A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
| US9995424B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 |
| US20060070554A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
| WO2004064996A2 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
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