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JP4806477B2 - Production method of as-cast spheroidal graphite cast iron products - Google Patents
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JP4806477B2 - Production method of as-cast spheroidal graphite cast iron products - Google Patents

Production method of as-cast spheroidal graphite cast iron products Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4806477B2
JP4806477B2 JP2001123724A JP2001123724A JP4806477B2 JP 4806477 B2 JP4806477 B2 JP 4806477B2 JP 2001123724 A JP2001123724 A JP 2001123724A JP 2001123724 A JP2001123724 A JP 2001123724A JP 4806477 B2 JP4806477 B2 JP 4806477B2
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Prior art keywords
cast iron
mold
cast
cooling
ferrite
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JP2002317219A (en
Inventor
皓 堀江
茂雄 小曽根
栄 藤島
利憲 小綿
正明 大森
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Tokyo Tekko Co Ltd
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Tokyo Tekko Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鋳放しで800N/mm2 以上、好ましくは900N/mm2 以上の強度を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄品の製法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
鋳放しで800N/mm2 の強度を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、特開2000−26932号により、公知である。この公知鋳鉄品は、質量比でC:3.20〜4.00%、Si:2.00〜3.20%、Mn:0.30〜2.50%,P:0.035%以下、S:0.12%以下、Cu:0.30〜2.00%、Mg:0.02〜0.08%、希土類元素:0.01〜0.30%、残部Feの組成を有し、組織は基地も黒鉛の周囲も緻密なパーライト又はフェライトとパーライトの共存組織である。
【0003】
しかしながら、鋳放しのままで900〜1000N/mm2 の強度を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、これまで製造することができなかった。このため、800N/mm2 以下の鋳鉄品を熱処理して強度を増大させていたが、熱処理は鋳鉄品のコストが上昇するだけでなく、金属組織のベイナイト化により加工性が劣化するという問題があった。そこで、自動車部品、機械部品、建築部品等の鋳鉄品については、強度増大による軽量化を実現するため、鋳放しのままで900〜1000N/mm2 の強度を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄品が要求されていた。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、上記要求に応えることができる球状黒鉛鋳鉄品の製法を提供することにある。
【0005】
本願の発明者は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄の金属組織のパーライトの緻密化及び黒鉛粒の増加及び黒鉛径の微小化が強度の増大をもたらすことに注目し、パーライトを緻密化するCu含有量のテストと、黒鉛核の生成を促進するが、その成長は制限する二次接種と鋳型内の溶湯の冷却速度促進のテストを数多く繰り返した結果、鋳放しのままで900〜1000N/mm2 の強度を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄の金属組織を見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を達成するため、本発明が採用する手段は、組成が質量比で、C:3.20〜4.00%、Si:2.00〜3.20%、Mn:0.05〜3.0%,P:0.035%以下、S:0.12%以下、Cu:0.30〜3.50%、Mg:0.02〜0.08%、希土類元素:0.005〜0.30%、残部Feの溶湯から球状黒鉛鋳鉄品を鋳造するときに、希土類元素とSiの一部をインモールド法で二次接種するか、又は溶湯の冷却速度を促進するか、もしくはその双方を実施して、パーライトの層間隔を狭めて緻密化すると共に、黒鉛の周囲にフェライト又はフェライトとパーライトが入り組んだ花弁状の組織を含む金属組織を有し、強度が800N/mm2 以上、伸びが2%以上の鋳鉄品を製造することにある。
【0007】
ここで、インモールド法で二次接種するSiは質量比で0.01%未満では効果がなく、0.4%を越えると黒鉛が成長するので、0.01〜0.4%とする。
【0008】
注湯の冷却速度促進は、鋳型内ガスを真空ポンプで吸引することにより、又は鋳型内に窒素ガス、アルゴンガス等の冷却ガスを注入することにより、もしくは冷やし金を使用することにより実施する。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明鋳鉄品の組成について説明する。
【0010】
CとSiは、鋳鉄品の組織を決めるものであり、含有率は質量比でCが3.2%未満,Siが2.00%未満になると白銑化し、Cが4.0%,Siが3.2%をそれぞれ越えるとフェライト化する。したがって、組織をパーライト鋳鉄とするために、含有率について、Cは質量比で3.20〜4.00%、Si:2.00〜3.2%の範囲にそれぞれ限定する。
【0011】
Mnは、鋳鉄品の引張り強度を増大させるが、含有率は質量比で0.30%以下ではその効果が少なく、2.50%を越えると粘り強さを低下させる。したがって、Mnの含有率は質量比で0.30〜2.5%の範囲に限定する。
【0012】
Pは黒鉛化を妨害し、鋳鉄品の粘りを特に低下させるので、含有率は質量比で0.035%以下とする。
【0013】
Sは黒鉛化を妨害するので、その含有率は質量比で0.12%以下に留める。
【0014】
Cuはパーライト組織の層間隔を狭めて結晶粒を細かくし、鋳鉄品の引張り強度を増大させるが、含有率は質量比で0.30%以下ではその効果が低く、3.50%を越えると不規則黒鉛を生じて鋳鉄品が脆くなる。したがって、Cuの含有率は質量比で0.30〜3.50%、好ましくは、0.70〜3.00%の範囲に限定する。
【0015】
Mgは黒鉛を球状化するためのものであり、質量比で0.020%未満ではその効果が不十分であり、質量比で0.080%を越えても効果は変わらないのと、Mgドロス等の欠陥発生原因となるので、その範囲は0.02〜0.08%とする。
【0016】
希土類元素は活性元素であり、球状化阻害元素のSと反応して、硫化希土類となり、黒鉛化及び黒鉛球状化を促進する。又、鋳鉄品の基地組織のフェライト量を減少させて、パーライト量を増加させ、さらに、パーライト組織を緻密にする。この希土類元素により、鋳鉄品のパーライトの面積比は多くなるから、鋳鉄品の強度、伸びは安定する。しかし、質量比0.005%未満ではその効果が不十分であり、0.3%以上になると、効果が上がり過ぎて炭化物(チル化)を形成して、脆くなる。したがって、希土類元素は質量比で0.005〜0.30%の範囲、好ましくは0.01〜0.30%の範囲として、Sの1.5倍〜5.0倍に限定する。
【0017】
希土類元素としては主としてCe、Laを使用するが、高純度のものか又はCe、Laを20%以上含む安価な軽希土類合金を使用してコストを低下させることが好ましい。希土類元素とSiの一部は、注湯直前にMgを添加する一次接種とは別に二次接種としてインモールド法により添加する。
【0018】
次に、本発明鋳鉄品の金属組織について説明する。
【0019】
表1の球状黒鉛鋳鉄品I、II、III はJIS、B号Yブロックより切り出したJIS4号試験片であり、それぞれFCD800、FCD900、FCD1000に相当する。これらの試験片は本願発明の組成を有し、Cuの含有量と、二次接種のSi量以外は、同一である。
【0020】
表1に示すように、Cuの含有量が増加するに従い、パーライト組織は粗部も細部も層間隔が順次狭くなり、それに応じて強度が増大する。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0004806477
【0022】
これらの本発明球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、図1及び図2の電子顕微鏡写真に示すように、従来のパーライト組織以外に、黒鉛の周囲にフェライトとパーライトが入り組んで花弁状になる組織に発現するという特徴的な金属組織を有する。この花弁状の組織は、黒鉛核の生成を促進するが、その成長は抑制するため、黒鉛粒の増加と黒鉛径の微小化をもたらすと考えられる。
【0023】
本発明鋳鉄製品は強度が800N/mm2 以上であるが、その金属組織は主にフェライトとパーライトであるから、熱処理により金属組織をベイナイト化して強度を増大させたものに比べると、加工性は格段に優れる。
【0024】
【実施例】
本発明の実施例鋳鉄品と従来の比較例鋳鉄品のJIS規格(G5502:B号供試材:Z2201:4号)試験片について実施したテストについて説明する。
【0025】
比較例試験片NO.1〜NO.3及び実施例試験片NO.4〜NO.16のFeを除く組成と溶湯の冷却方法は、表2及び表3に示すとおりである。比較例試験片のCu含有量は1.03%以下であるが、実施例のCu含有量は1.53%以上である。
【0026】
比較例試験片は溶湯を自然冷却したものであるが、実施例試験片は溶湯にインモールド法により二次接種するか、溶湯の冷却をガス吸引、冷やし金、冷却ガス注入のいずれかにより促進したものであるか、又は、上記溶湯のインモールド法による二次接種、上記溶湯の冷やし金、鋳型からのガス吸引、鋳型への冷却ガス注入のいずれかによる冷却促進の2つ以上の組み合わせからなるものである。
【0027】
【表2】
Figure 0004806477
【0028】
【表3】
Figure 0004806477
【0029】
【表4】
Figure 0004806477
【0030】
【表5】
Figure 0004806477
【0031】
各試験片の球状化率、パーライト面積率、フェライト又は共存組織面積率及び材料試験結果は表4及び表5に示すとおりである。
【0032】
表4及び表5は、比較例試験片NO.1〜NO.3の降伏点が577.0〜620.9N/mm2 、引張り強度が778.4〜853N/mm2 、伸びが1.66〜4.00%、実施例試験片N0.4〜N0.16の降伏点が652.7〜880.1N/mm2 、引張り強度が892.5N/mm2 〜1028.3N/mm2 、伸びが3.20〜4.98%であることを示す。したがって、溶湯の冷却速度を促進した本発明実施例の球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、溶湯を自然冷却した比較例のものよりも高強度、高靱性であり、鋳放しで900〜1000N/mm2の強度と、3%以上の伸びを有することがこの試験結果により確かめられた。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
上記のとおり、本発明の製法による鋳鉄品は、含有させたCuにより層間隔が狭くなったパーライトと、鋳型内の溶湯の冷却速度を促進して黒鉛周囲に発現させたフェライト又はフェライトとパーライトが入り組んだ花弁状の組織を含む金属組織を有し、鋳放しで強度が900〜1000N/mm2 、伸びが3%以上であり、従来の金属組織を熱処理によりベイナイト化して強度を増大させたものに比べると、製造コストは大幅に低減するだけでなく、加工性も良好であり、さらに、鋳鉄品強度の増大により10%以上の軽量化も可能であるから、自動車部品、機械部品、建築部品等の製造に好適であるという優れた効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の製法による鋳鉄品の金属組織を示す倍率300倍の電子顕微鏡写真
【図2】図1の鋳鉄品の金属組織を示す倍率1100倍の電子顕微鏡写真[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is cast by 800 N / mm 2 or more, preferably it relates to the spheroidal graphite cast iron having a 900 N / mm 2 or more intensity method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A spheroidal graphite cast iron product having an as-cast strength of 800 N / mm 2 is known from JP 2000-26932 A. This known cast iron product has a mass ratio of C: 3.20 to 4.00%, Si: 2.00 to 3.20%, Mn: 0.30 to 2.50%, P: 0.035% or less, S: 0.12% or less, Cu: 0.30 to 2.00%, Mg: 0.02 to 0.08%, rare earth element: 0.01 to 0.30%, balance Fe, The structure is a dense pearlite or a coexistence structure of ferrite and pearlite both in the base and around graphite.
[0003]
However, a spheroidal graphite cast iron product having a strength of 900 to 1000 N / mm 2 as-cast could not be produced so far. For this reason, cast iron products of 800 N / mm 2 or less have been heat treated to increase the strength, but the heat treatment not only increases the cost of cast iron products, but also has the problem that the workability deteriorates due to the bainite of the metal structure. there were. Therefore, for cast iron products such as automobile parts, machine parts, and building parts, a spheroidal graphite cast iron product having a strength of 900 to 1000 N / mm 2 as cast is required in order to realize weight reduction by increasing the strength. It was.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The subject of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of the spheroidal graphite cast iron product which can meet the said request | requirement.
[0005]
The inventor of the present application pays attention to the fact that the pearlite densification and the increase in graphite grains and the reduction in the graphite diameter of the spheroidal graphite cast iron metal structure lead to an increase in strength. As a result of repeated tests of secondary inoculation that promotes the formation of graphite nuclei but restricts its growth and accelerates the cooling rate of the molten metal in the mold, it has a strength of 900 to 1000 N / mm 2 as cast. The metal structure of spheroidal graphite cast iron was found and the present invention was completed.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the means employed by the present invention is that the composition is in mass ratio, C: 3.20 to 4.00%, Si: 2.00 to 3.20%, Mn: 0.05 to 3 0.0%, P: 0.035% or less, S: 0.12% or less, Cu: 0.30 to 3.50%, Mg: 0.02 to 0.08%, Rare earth elements: 0.005 to 0 .30%, when casting spheroidal graphite cast iron from the remaining Fe molten metal, secondary inoculation of rare earth elements and Si by in-mold method, or promote the cooling rate of the molten metal, or both To narrow the pearlite layer interval and densify, and has a metal structure including a petal-like structure in which ferrite or ferrite and pearlite are intertwined around the graphite, and the strength is 800 N / mm 2 or more. Is to produce a cast iron product of 2% or more.
[0007]
Here, Si that is secondarily inoculated by the in-mold method has no effect if the mass ratio is less than 0.01%, and if it exceeds 0.4%, graphite grows, so 0.01 to 0.4%.
[0008]
The cooling rate of the molten metal is accelerated by sucking the gas in the mold with a vacuum pump, injecting a cooling gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas into the mold, or by using a cooling metal.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The composition of the cast iron product of the present invention will be described.
[0010]
C and Si determine the structure of the cast iron product, and the content ratio is white when C is less than 3.2% and Si is less than 2.00%, and C is 4.0%. When it exceeds 3.2%, it becomes ferrite. Therefore, in order to make the structure pearlite cast iron, regarding the content, C is limited to a mass ratio of 3.20 to 4.00% and Si: 2.00 to 3.2%.
[0011]
Mn increases the tensile strength of cast iron products, but the content is less effective when the mass ratio is 0.30% or less, and when it exceeds 2.50%, the tenacity is reduced. Therefore, the Mn content is limited to a range of 0.30 to 2.5% by mass ratio.
[0012]
P interferes with graphitization and particularly lowers the viscosity of the cast iron product. Therefore, the content is set to 0.035% or less by mass ratio.
[0013]
Since S hinders graphitization, its content is kept at 0.12% or less by mass ratio.
[0014]
Cu narrows the layer spacing of the pearlite structure to make the crystal grains finer and increases the tensile strength of the cast iron product. However, when the content ratio is less than 0.30% by mass, the effect is low, and if it exceeds 3.50% Irregular graphite is produced and the cast iron product becomes brittle. Therefore, the Cu content is limited to a range of 0.30 to 3.50%, preferably 0.70 to 3.00% by mass ratio.
[0015]
Mg is for spheroidizing graphite. If the mass ratio is less than 0.020%, the effect is insufficient, and if the mass ratio exceeds 0.080%, the effect does not change. Therefore, the range is 0.02 to 0.08%.
[0016]
The rare earth element is an active element and reacts with the spheroidization inhibiting element S to form a rare earth sulfide, which promotes graphitization and graphite spheroidization. In addition, the ferrite content of the base structure of the cast iron product is decreased, the pearlite content is increased, and the pearlite structure is further refined. This rare earth element increases the area ratio of pearlite in the cast iron product, so that the strength and elongation of the cast iron product are stabilized. However, when the mass ratio is less than 0.005%, the effect is insufficient. When the mass ratio is 0.3% or more, the effect is excessively increased, and carbides (tilation) are formed and become brittle. Therefore, the rare earth element is limited to a range of 0.005 to 0.30% by mass ratio, preferably 0.01 to 0.30%, and 1.5 to 5.0 times S.
[0017]
Ce and La are mainly used as the rare earth element, but it is preferable to reduce the cost by using a high purity or an inexpensive light rare earth alloy containing 20% or more of Ce and La. Rare earth elements and a part of Si are added by an in-mold method as a secondary inoculation separately from the primary inoculation in which Mg is added immediately before pouring.
[0018]
Next, the metal structure of the cast iron product of the present invention will be described.
[0019]
Spheroidal graphite cast iron products I, II and III in Table 1 are JIS No. 4 test pieces cut out from JIS No. B block and correspond to FCD800, FCD900 and FCD1000, respectively. These test pieces have the composition of the present invention and are the same except for the Cu content and the secondary inoculation Si amount.
[0020]
As shown in Table 1, as the Cu content is increased, the pearlite structure is gradually narrowed in the layer spacing in both the rough portion and details, and the strength increases accordingly.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004806477
[0022]
As shown in the electron micrographs of FIGS. 1 and 2, these spheroidal graphite cast iron products of the present invention are expressed in a petal-like structure in which ferrite and pearlite are mixed around graphite in addition to the conventional pearlite structure. It has a characteristic metal structure. This petal-like structure promotes the formation of graphite nuclei, but suppresses its growth, and is thought to cause an increase in graphite grains and a reduction in the graphite diameter.
[0023]
The cast iron product of the present invention has a strength of 800 N / mm 2 or more, but its metal structure is mainly ferrite and pearlite, so that the workability is higher than that of the metal structure that has been bainited by heat treatment to increase the strength. Excellent.
[0024]
【Example】
The test carried out on the JIS standard (G5502: No. B test material: Z2201: 4) test piece of the example cast iron product of the present invention and the conventional comparative cast iron product will be described.
[0025]
Comparative Example Specimen NO. 1-NO. 3 and Example test piece NO. 4 to NO. The composition excluding Fe of 16 and the method for cooling the molten metal are as shown in Tables 2 and 3. The Cu content of the comparative example test piece is 1.03% or less, but the Cu content of the example is 1.53% or more.
[0026]
The test specimens of the comparative examples are those obtained by naturally cooling the molten metal, but the test specimens of the examples are inoculated to the molten metal by the in-mold method, or the molten metal is accelerated by gas suction, cooling metal injection, or cooling gas injection. Or a combination of two or more combinations of secondary inoculation of the molten metal by the in-mold method, cooling of the molten metal, gas suction from the mold, and cooling gas injection into the mold. It will be.
[0027]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004806477
[0028]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004806477
[0029]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004806477
[0030]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004806477
[0031]
Table 4 and Table 5 show the spheroidization ratio, pearlite area ratio, ferrite or coexistence structure area ratio, and material test results of each test piece.
[0032]
Tables 4 and 5 show the comparative example test piece NO. 1-NO. 3 has a yield point of 577.0 to 620.9 N / mm 2 , a tensile strength of 778.4 to 853 N / mm 2 , an elongation of 1.66 to 4.00%, and an example specimen N0.4 to N0.16. The yield point is 652.7 to 880.1 N / mm 2 , the tensile strength is 892.5 N / mm 2 to 1028.3 N / mm 2 , and the elongation is 3.20 to 4.98%. Therefore, the spheroidal graphite cast iron product of the embodiment of the present invention in which the cooling rate of the molten metal is accelerated is higher in strength and toughness than the comparative example in which the molten metal is naturally cooled, and has a strength of 900 to 1000 N / mm 2 as cast. It was confirmed by this test result that it has an elongation of 3% or more.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the cast iron product according to the manufacturing method of the present invention is composed of pearlite whose layer interval is narrowed by the contained Cu, and ferrite or ferrite and pearlite expressed around the graphite by promoting the cooling rate of the molten metal in the mold. It has a metal structure including an intricate petal-like structure, has an as-cast strength of 900 to 1000 N / mm 2 , and an elongation of 3% or more. The conventional metal structure is bainite by heat treatment to increase the strength. Compared to, the manufacturing cost is not only greatly reduced, but also the workability is good, and the weight of cast iron can be reduced by 10% or more by increasing the strength of cast iron products. And the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is an electron micrograph of a magnification of 300 times showing a metal structure of a cast iron product according to the manufacturing method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of a magnification of 1100 times showing a metal structure of the cast iron product of FIG.

Claims (2)

組成が質量比で、C:3.20〜4.00%、Si:2.00〜3.20%、Mn:0.30〜2.50%,P:0.035%以下、S:0.12%以下、Cu:2.02〜3.50%、Mg:0.02〜0.08%、希土類元素:0.005〜0.30%、残部Feからなる溶湯にインモールド法により二次接種するか、前記溶湯の冷却を冷やし金、鋳型からのガス吸引、鋳型への冷却ガス注入のいずれかにより促進するか、又は、前記溶湯のインモールド法による二次接種、前記溶湯の冷やし金、鋳型からのガス吸引、鋳型への冷却ガス注入のいずれかによる冷却促進の2つ以上の組み合わせによって、金属組織が黒鉛の周囲にフェライト又はフェライトとパーライトの入り組んだ組織を含み、前記金属組織を電子顕微鏡写真に示すとき前記フェライト又はフェライトとパーライトの入り組んだ組織が黒鉛の周囲に発現した花弁状の組織であり、鋳放しで引張り強度が800N/mm2 以上であり、伸びが2%以上である鋳鉄品を鋳造することを特徴とする鋳放し球状黒鉛鋳鉄品の製法。Composition is mass ratio, C: 3.20 to 4.00%, Si: 2.00 to 3.20%, Mn: 0.30 to 2.50%, P: 0.035% or less, S: 0 .12% or less, Cu: 2.02 to 3.50%, Mg: 0.02 to 0.08%, rare earth element: 0.005 to 0.30%, and the remaining Fe is melted by an in-mold method. The next inoculation, the cooling of the molten metal is promoted by either a cooling metal, gas suction from the mold, or cooling gas injection into the mold, or the second inoculation of the molten metal by the in-mold method, the cooling of the molten metal The metal structure includes a structure in which ferrite or ferrite and pearlite are mixed around graphite by a combination of two or more of cooling promotion by gold, gas suction from the mold, or cooling gas injection into the mold, and the metal structure Is shown in the electron micrograph The ferrite or tissue intricate ferrite and pearlite are petal-shaped structure expressed around the graphite, tensile strength at cast is at 800 N / mm 2 or more, casting the cast iron elongation of 2% or more A process for producing an as-cast spheroidal graphite cast iron product. 希土類元素とSiの一部をインモールド法により二次接種することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋳放し球状黒鉛鋳鉄品の製法。  The method for producing an as-cast spheroidal graphite cast iron product according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth element and a part of Si are secondarily inoculated by an in-mold method.
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