JP4806489B2 - Apparatus and method for circulating air vortex material grinding - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
(Technical field)
The present invention relates generally to material grinding, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for circulating air vortex material grinding.
[0002]
(Background technology)
Garbage landfill is often limited in space. In order to reduce the amount of space occupied by waste materials in landfills, it is generally desirable to have an apparatus capable of crushing a wide range of materials normally discarded in landfills. In two approaches, air is used in the grinding process. One approach uses a large amount of air generated by a fan. The other approach uses high velocity air instead of a large amount of air. In recent years, various crushers using air have been developed.
[0003]
Representative examples of such prior art pulverizers and similar products are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 1123033 (assigned to Stobie), 2362351 (Burmeister), 2256753 (Trost), 2690880 (Cateline), No. 3058674 (Kocher), No. 4248387 (Andrew), No. 4280664 (Jackson et al.), No. 5012619 (Knepprat et al.), And French Patent No. 778415 (International Pulverizing Corporation), German Patent No. 328386 (ellchens) It is disclosed. In Trost's patent, air velocity is used in the grinding process. The Trost patent discloses an anvil mill that includes a cyclone chamber in communication with the mill chamber. The grinding chamber surrounds the upper end of the cyclone chamber, but the upper side of the cyclone chamber is separated therefrom and extends upward through the grinding chamber. The grinding chamber and the cyclone chamber communicate above the inlet to the exhaust chimney, along the upper passage that only extends at its upper end. This arrangement has the problem that the upper side of the cyclone chamber is cylindrical and is separate from the grinding chamber so that it does not emphasize overflow in the grinding chamber. In order for the pulverized material to rise above the top of the cyclone chamber, the pulverized material must be transported into the air flow from the pulverization chamber to the cyclone chamber with a sudden change in direction of motion.
[0004]
Therefore, there is a need for a material crusher that overcomes the above problems associated with prior art designs without introducing new problems to replace them.
[0005]
(Disclosure of the Invention)
The present invention provides an apparatus and method for compressive flow material grinding that satisfies the aforementioned needs. The crushing apparatus of the present invention is given as an example and is not limited thereto. However, the crushing process for crushing and drying a wide range of substances such as glass, grain, paper, plastic, aluminum, and granite, and high speed compression. Use air. The grinding device includes an annular upper enclosure defining an upper chamber into which the grinding material is introduced, a conical lower enclosure defining a lower chamber in tandem with the upper enclosure, and grinding within the upper enclosure. To effect drying, one or more holes are provided for introducing compressed air that produces a relatively fast overflow of air and material. A conical lower enclosure is an annular upper enclosure that extends continuously downward. The lower enclosure does not extend into or through the upper chamber of the upper enclosure.
[0006]
  Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a material crusher, the material crusher comprising: (a) an upper enclosure that includes an upper annular side wall and has an upper end, an open lower end, an opposing outer surface and an inner surface, An upper inner chamber is defined by the inner surface of the upper enclosure and extends through the upper annular sidewall between the outer surface and the inner surface of the upper enclosure to provide fluid communication between the outer surface of the upper enclosure and the upper inner chamber. At least one well with a predetermined dimensionIe slotAnd (b) a lower enclosure disposed in tandem below the upper enclosure, the lower enclosure being substantially inverted conical and having an open upper end and an open lower end And including a side wall and defining a lower inner chamber, the lower annular side wall and the lower inner chamber of the lower enclosure being connected to the upper annular side wall and the upper inner chamber of the upper enclosure.PracticallyA lower enclosure in which the lower annular side wall of the lower enclosure is mounted at its open upper end to the upper annular side wall through the open lower end of the upper enclosure so as to be in continuous and fluid communication;
(C) means for delivering the material to be crushed into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure through the upper end of the upper enclosure, and (d) along a flow path extending around the inner surface of the upper enclosure , Wells in the upper annular side wall of the upper enclosureIe slotMeans for providing an air flow through the upper interior chamber,
(E) the upper enclosure further includes a deflection plate mounted on the upper annular side wall on the inner side of the upper enclosure adjacent to the ostium or slot extending through the upper annular side wall, the deflection plate comprising: An angular arrangement with respect to the upper annular side wall to deflect air away from the mouth or slot so as not to disturb air flowing from the mouth or slot into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure Define
(f) Crushing and drying material substantially in the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure, expelling air from the upper internal chamber through its upper end, and crushing through the lower internal chamber of the lower enclosure The upper and lower interiors of the upper and lower enclosures cause a swirl of air that causes the downward movement of the collected material and the downward discharge of the crushed material from the lower internal chamber through the open lower end of the lower enclosure. An air supply means and an air discharge means are formed in the upper annular side wall for producing inside the chamber.Ie slotAnd means for exhausting air from the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure through its upper end to cooperate with the upper and lower internal chambers, the lower internal chamber of the lower enclosure It has an inverted cone that enhances the air and material circulation vortices in the upper and lower interior chambers of the side enclosure. The apparatus also places the upper and lower enclosures so that the upper and lower enclosures and their upper and lower internal chambers are in a vertical position relative to each other, with the upper enclosure above the lower enclosure. A support structure for supporting in an upright direction is provided.
[0007]
More particularly, the piercing through the upper annular sidewall of the upper enclosure has a height that is oriented between the upper and lower ends of the upper enclosure so as to extend generally transversely thereto, and the inner surface of the upper enclosure. And a slot between the outer surface and a length oriented to extend at an acute angle to them. The upper enclosure further includes means for adjusting the width of the vertical slot disposed along the outer surface thereof. This slot width adjusting means is intended to change the effective dimensions of the plate and the mouth through which air flow can pass, so that the plate is slid relative to the upper annular side wall and the mouth passing through it. And an openable fastener attached to the upper annular sidewall at the outer surface of the upper enclosure adjacent to the shed. The upper enclosure further includes a deflection plate mounted on the upper annular side wall at the inner surface of the upper enclosure adjacent to the ostium passing through the upper annular side wall, the deflection plate extending from the shed to the upper inner chamber of the upper enclosure. An angular arrangement with respect to the upper annular side wall is defined to deflect the air away from the shed so as not to disturb the air flowing into it. The air supply means includes a manifold attached to the upper annular side wall of the upper enclosure, surrounding a shed that passes through the upper annular side wall of the upper enclosure, and defining a fluid collection cavity in fluid communication. This manifold has an air inlet. At least one tube extends from an external source of compressed air and is connected to and in fluid communication with a manifold inlet so that compressed air passes through the tube and the manifold inlet Through the manifold air collection cavity, through it, through the holes in the upper enclosure, and into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure.
[0008]
The exhaust means from the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure includes an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe having an open upper end and an open lower end, the open upper end of the exhaust pipe being disposed outside and above the upper enclosure, and opening the exhaust pipe A lower end is mounted on and passes through the upper end of the upper enclosure so as to be in fluid communication with the interior of the inner chamber above the upper enclosure. The open lower end of the exhaust pipe is arranged closer to the lower end than the open upper end of the upper enclosure. The exhaust pipe also has an upper side opening disposed outside and above the upper enclosure and a lower side opening disposed in fluid communication within the upper inner chamber of the upper closure. The means for delivering the material to be crushed into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure includes a supply tube, the supply tube having an open upper end and an open lower end, and the material to be crushed is external to the upper enclosure. From the top of the upper enclosure and adjacent to the side of the exhaust pipe so that it is fed into the air circulation vortex in the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure via the supply pipe across the exhaust pipe. So that the open lower end of the supply pipe is inside the upper enclosure, adjacent to the opposite side of the exhaust pipe and inside the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure, and arranged to be in fluid communication therewith The exhaust pipe is attached to the upper and lower side openings and is disposed so as to penetrate therethrough.
[0009]
  The present invention is also directed to a material grinding method, the method being formed through (a) between the outer surface and the inner surface to provide fluid communication between the outer surface and the upper inner chamber. Providing an upper enclosure with at least one well of a predetermined dimension oriented to extend at an acute angle relative to the outer side and the inner side; and (b) a lower inner chamber of the lower enclosure Providing a lower enclosure having an inverted conical shape arranged in a vertical row under the upper enclosure so as to be substantially continuous with and in fluid communication with the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure; Delivering the material to be passed into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure via its upper end; Along a flow path extending around the inner surface of the closure, through the mound opening in the upper enclosure, and supplying into the upper interior chamber,
(E) using one or more deflecting plates mounted in proximity to one or more of the mouths on the inner side surface of the upper enclosure, and the angular arrangement of the deflecting plates with respect to the inner side surface of the upper enclosure The air circulating in the upper enclosure is prevented from being blocked by the air circulating in the upper enclosure. Deflected away,
(f) Substantially crushing and drying the material in the upper inner chamber of the upper enclosure, moving the crushed material down through the lower inner chamber of the lower enclosure, and lowering through the open lower end of the lower enclosure Air supply means and air discharge means are provided on the upper and lower inner chambers to generate air vortices in the upper and lower inner chambers of the upper and lower enclosures that result in downward discharge of crushed material from the side inner chamber. Evacuating air from the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure through its upper end so as to cooperate with the shed in the annular sidewall and the upper and lower interior chambers, the lower interior chamber of the lower enclosure Is an inverted cone shape that enhances the circulating vortex of air and matter in the upper and lower internal chambers of the upper and lower enclosures It is.
[0010]
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings, which illustrate and describe illustrative embodiments of the invention.
[0011]
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings.
[0012]
(Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention)
With reference to the drawings, and in particular with reference to FIGS. 1-3, there is shown a material crusher of the present invention, generally designated 10. The pulverizing apparatus 10 basically includes an upper enclosure 12, a lower enclosure 14, an air supply means 16, an exhaust means 18, and a substance carrying means 20. The grinding device 10 also includes a support structure 22 that supports the upper enclosure 12 and the lower enclosure 14 in a vertical longitudinal direction.
[0013]
Referring to FIGS. 1-5, the upper enclosure 12 includes a continuous upper annular side wall 24 and has opposed outer and inner side surfaces 12A, 12B, an open lower end 12C, and a closed upper end 12D. Its closed upper end 12D is preferably provided in the form of a top cover 26 which is mounted on the upper annular side wall 24 in a removable manner. The upper annular side wall 24 has a substantially cylindrical main annular wall portion 24A, and an upper annular rim portion 24B and a lower annular rim portion 24C that are substantially identical to each other. The upper annular rim portion 24B and the lower annular rim portion 24C are firmly fixed to the open ends located on the opposite sides of the upper and lower sides of the main annular wall portion 24A, and extend outwardly therefrom in a substantially perpendicular direction. The top cover 26 has a substantially rigid and flat disk shape and is supported at its peripheral end portion 26A above the upper annular rim portion 24B of the upper annular side wall 24, whereby the main annular side surface of the upper annular side wall 24 is supported. Overlying the open upper end of portion 24A, and thus the upper end 12D of upper enclosure 12, closes the enclosure. The top cover 26 defines a substantially circular central opening 28 therethrough.
[0014]
Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, the lower enclosure 14 can be seen in the form of a continuous lower annular side wall 30. The lower annular sidewall 30 has a substantially inverted frustoconical shape and has an open upper end 30A and an open lower end 30B in opposite positions. The diameter of the open upper end 30A of the lower annular side wall 30 is significantly larger than the diameter of its open lower end 30B and is approximately equal to the diameter of the upper annular side wall 24 at the lower end 12C of the upper enclosure 12. The lower annular sidewall 30 has an upper annular lip 32 that is rigidly secured to the open upper end 30A of the lower annular sidewall 30 and extends outwardly therefrom at a substantially right angle. The lower annular sidewall 30 is attached at its upper annular rim 32 to the lower annular rim portion 24C of the upper annular sidewall 24 so that the upper annular sidewall 24 of the upper enclosure 12 and the lower annular sidewall 30 of the lower enclosure 14 are substantially free. Are continuous with each other.
[0015]
Upper enclosure 12 defines an upper inner chamber 34 at its inner side 12B, below upper annular sidewall 24, top cover 26, and above the open lower end 12C of upper enclosure 12. The lower enclosure 14 defines a lower internal chamber 36 within the lower annular sidewall 30 between its open upper end 30A and open lower end 30B. The lower inner chamber 36 of the lower enclosure 14 is arranged to be continuous and in fluid communication with the upper inner chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12. The upper annular sidewall 24 and top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12 and the lower annular sidewall 30 of the lower enclosure 14 are made of the same heavy metal material to ensure that the upper enclosure 12 and the lower enclosure 14 have a relatively long service life. To have.
[0016]
The upper annular side wall 24 and the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12 are spaced apart from each other by an upper annular seal 38 that is clamped between the upper annular rim portion 24B and the peripheral end portion 26A, respectively. And a plurality of fasteners extending between and interconnecting the upper annular rim portion 24B and the peripheral end portion 26A in a position that can be sealed together and secured together. The upper annular side wall 24 and the lower annular side wall 30 are respectively connected to the lower annular seal 40, which is clamped between the lower annular rim portion 24C and the upper annular rim portion 32, and the upper enclosure 12 and the lower enclosure 14, respectively. A plurality of fasteners extending between and interconnecting the upper annular rim portion 24C and the upper annular rim portion 32 at equal circumferentially spaced positions are secured together in a sealable form. . Upper annular seal 38 and lower annular seal 40 are substantially isomorphic to each other and are substantially annular. These seals provide a hermetic seal between the upper annular sidewall 24 of the upper enclosure 12 and the top cover 26 and between the upper annular sidewall 24 of the upper enclosure 12 and the lower annular sidewall 30 of the lower enclosure 14, respectively. . Each fastener itself may be in any conventional form, such as a bolt 42 as in FIG. 1 or a toggle clamp 44 over the center as shown in FIGS. The center-to-center toggle clamp 44 functions in a well-known manner to clamp and secure the upper annular sidewall 24 and the top cover 26 together and the upper annular sidewall 24 and the lower annular sidewall 30 together in a releasable manner. To do. The center-to-center toggle clamps 44 are pivotally attached from one end 46A to the outer end 48A of the bracket 48 fixedly attached to the peripheral end portion 26A of the top cover and the upper annular edge portion 32 of the lower annular side wall 30, respectively. And a bolt 50, which is pivotally attached at one end to the lever 46 between opposite ends 46A and 46B and attached at its other end with a nut 52. As shown by the solid line in FIG. 2, when the lever 46 is pivoted to a fixed vertical position over the center, it is mounted on each of the upper edge portion 24B and the lower edge portion 24C of the upper annular side wall 24, and from there A bolt 50 extends through a notch of another bracket 54 projecting from the nut 54, and a nut 52 attached to the bolt 50 is disposed on the side opposite to the lever 46 of the bracket 54. When the lever 46 is pivoted outward from the fixed position over the center to the released position, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 2, the bolt and its nut (not shown) are released from engagement with the bracket 54.
[0017]
Referring again to FIGS. 1-5, the upper enclosure 12 has a plurality of air holes 56, such as at least one, preferably three, which penetrate the main annular wall portion 24A of the upper annular sidewall 24 of the upper enclosure 12. Formed on the outer side surface 12A and the inner side surface 12B. The number of air holes 56 depends on the desired diameter of the upper enclosure 12. The air holes 56 need not be that but can be substantially identical to each other. The air holes 56 are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction, such as at equal intervals. Each air hole 56 extends between an upper end 12D and a lower end 12C of the upper enclosure 12 and has a vertical height H (FIG. 2) in a direction such that it is in a generally lateral relationship with respect to them, and an upper enclosure. Preferably, it is in the form of a vertical slot having a length L (FIG. 4) in a direction extending at an acute angle between the 12 outer side surfaces 12A and the inner side surface 12B. The height H of each hole 56 is significantly longer than its length L and width W. When each air hole 56 is formed to extend through the upper annular side wall 24 at an acute angle, it is substantially tangential in the upper inner chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 as represented by arrow A in FIGS. A circulating flow pattern occurs.
[0018]
Upper enclosure 12 also includes a plurality of means 58 for adjusting the effective width W of each air hole 56. The width adjusting means 58 includes a pair of plates 60, 62 and a plurality of fasteners 64 such as bolts. More specifically, there is one adjustable plate 60, one fixed plate 62, and four fasteners 64 for each air hole 56 as shown in FIGS. The adjustable plate 60 and the fixed plate 62 are the same size. The fixed plate 62 is fixedly attached to one side of the adjacent air hole 56 to the outer side surface 12 </ b> A of the upper annular side wall 24 of the upper enclosure 12. The adjustable plate 60 is slidably attached to the upper annular side wall 24 opposite the adjacent air hole 56, and when two of the bolts 64 are loosened, the upper annular side wall 24 and the hole 56 extending therethrough Therefore, it can be slid and moved in the direction of the fixed plate 62, thereby changing the effective width W of the adjacent air hole 56. As the adjustable plate 60 is moved in the opposite direction, the size of the orifice or spacing between the adjustable plate 60 and the fixed plate 62 aligned with the hole 56 is correspondingly increased or decreased, thereby causing adjacent air to flow. More or less holes 56 are exposed to change the effective width of the air holes 56 between the opposite ends 60A, 62A of the plates 60, 62 angled in a direction that coincides with the angle of the adjacent air holes 56. The adjustable plate 60 has a pair of slots 66 formed therethrough and spaced therethrough, which are identical and parallel to each other. Two fasteners 64 can be received through this slot 66 and secured in the upper annular side wall 24. The two fasteners 64 are provided on the adjustable plate 60 and the upper side to hold the plate 60 in place, or to move the plate 60 along the length of the slot 66 before refastening the fasteners 64. It can be tightened or loosened in relation to the annular side wall 24.
[0019]
The air supply means 16 of the device 10 feeds air, preferably in a compressed state, through the air holes 56 in the upper annular side wall 24 to the upper inner chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12. The air supply means 16 includes at least one, preferably a plurality of manifolds 68, and at least one, preferably a plurality of air tubes 70. One manifold 68 and one air pipe 70 are used together with each of the air holes 56 of the upper enclosure 12. If there are three holes 56, there are three manifolds 68. Each manifold 68 is mounted on the outer side surface 12 </ b> A of the upper annular side wall 24 of the upper enclosure 12. The manifolds 68 are preferably equally spaced from one another along the upper annular side wall 24 of the upper enclosure 12. Each manifold 68 has a pair of opposing side walls 72, a top wall 74, a bottom wall 76, an annular seal 78, a front cover 80, and a plurality of fasteners 82 such as bolts. The side walls 72 are substantially isomorphic, mirror images of each other, and have a substantially inclined L-shaped lateral shape. The top wall 74 and the bottom wall 76 are substantially identical and mirror images of each other, extending between the upper and lower ends opposite the side wall 72 and being rigidly interconnected therewith. The annular seal 78 and the front cover 80 have a substantially rectangular shape. An annular seal 78 is disposed between the periphery of the front cover 80 and the adjacent end portions of the side wall 72, top wall surface 74, and bottom wall surface 76, providing an airtight seal therebetween. The front cover 80 has a plurality of holes, such as six, spaced at its corners that receive the fasteners 82, which are removably attached to a plurality of corresponding holes 84 in the manifold 68. Fixed. Accordingly, the front cover 80 can be removed so as to reach the width adjusting means 58 of the upper enclosure 12.
[0020]
Each manifold 68 defines an air collection cavity 86 and an air inlet 88 therein. The air collection cavity 86 is disposed between the upper annular side wall 24, the side wall 72, the top wall surface 74, the bottom wall surface 76, and the front cover 80. Thus, the air collection cavity 86 surrounds one adjacent air hole 56 in the upper enclosure 12 and is located above and disposed in fluid communication with the air hole. The air supply port 88 of the manifold 68 is circular and is formed through one of the side walls 72. The air inlet 88 is also in fluid communication with the air collection cavity 86. Each air pipe 70 of the air supply means 16 is cylindrical. There are three air pipes 70 corresponding to the number of manifolds 68. Each air tube 70 extends from an external source (not shown) of compressed air, such as a conventional air compressor, is connected to one air inlet 88 of the manifold 68 and is in fluid communication with the air inlet. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the compressed air passes through the air pipe 70, the air supply port 88 of each manifold 68, passes through the air collecting cavity 86 of the manifold 68, and is adjacent to the adjacent air hole 56 of the upper enclosure 12. Through to the upper internal chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12.
[0021]
The upper enclosure 12 also includes at least one, preferably a plurality of deflection plates 90. Each deflection plate 90 has a substantially angular shape and is attached to the inner side surface 12B of the upper annular side wall 24 of the upper enclosure 12 adjacent to each air hole 56 of the upper enclosure 12. Each deflector 90 allows air to flow as it circulates in the upper internal chamber through the air holes 56 so that air flow entering the upper internal chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 from the holes 56 is not obstructed. It functions to deflect slightly from the hole 56. The angled shape of the deflector plate 90 provides a gap between the plate and the upper annular side wall 24 so that the maximum amount of air can flow into the upper inner chamber 34 without restriction.
[0022]
With reference to FIGS. 1-3, an exhaust means 18 of the apparatus 10 is provided for exhausting air from an air stream circulating in the upper internal chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12. The exhaust means 18 includes an exhaust pipe 92. The exhaust pipe 92 is cylindrical and has an open upper end 92A and an open lower end 92B located on the opposite side. The exhaust pipe 92 also has a substantially circular upper side opening 94 and a lower side opening 96 disposed on opposite sides of the exhaust pipe 92. The cross-sectional size of the exhaust pipe 92 is generally determined by the combined size of the upper internal chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 and the lower internal chamber 36 of the lower enclosure 14. The exhaust pipe 92 fits in the central opening 28 of the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12, is attached to the opening, and is disposed in the opening. At this time, the open upper end 92 </ b> A and the upper side opening 94 of the exhaust pipe 92 are disposed outside the upper enclosure 12, and the open lower end 92 </ b> B and the lower side opening 96 of the exhaust pipe 92 are the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure 12. 34 is disposed in fluid communication with the chamber 34. Accordingly, the air in the upper internal chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 can flow through the exhaust pipe 92 in the direction indicated by the arrow B in FIG. The open lower end 92B of the exhaust pipe 92 is disposed so as to be closer to the open lower end 12B than the closed upper end 12A of the upper enclosure 12. The open upper end 92 </ b> A of the exhaust pipe 92 is disposed at a significantly longer distance from the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12 than the distance at which the open lower end 92 </ b> B of the exhaust pipe 92 is disposed from the top cover 26.
[0023]
Upper enclosure 12 also includes a top annular seal 98, a top annular seal cover 100, and a fastener 102. Both the top annular seal 98 and the top annular seal cover 100 are substantially annular. A top annular seal 98 is disposed around a central opening 28 through the top cover 26, a top annular seal cover 100 is disposed over the top annular seal 98, and a fastener 102 is both a seal and a seal cover. Is fixed around the central opening 28 of the top cover 26. The top annular seal 98 of the upper enclosure 12 provides a hermetic seal between the exhaust pipe 92 and the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12.
[0024]
The apparatus 10 also includes a damper 104 mounted on the open upper end 92A of the exhaust pipe 92, and an actuator 106. The damper 104 has two half portions 104A, 104B that are substantially identical to each other and mirror images of each other. Actuator 106 can be used to interconnect half portions 104A, 104B and move them closer or away from each other to increase or decrease the size of central space 108 therebetween. The damper 104 has an actuator 106 for moving the half portions 104A, 104B. The actuator 106 may be hydraulic or electric and is manually operated remotely. Accordingly, the damper 104 is mounted on the pipe at the upper end 92A of the exhaust pipe 92 and exhausts from the upper internal chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 and the lower internal chamber 36 of the lower enclosure 20 as shown schematically in FIG. The air flow passing through the exhaust pipe 98 of the means 16 can be regulated, thereby adjusting the grinding size of the material in the upper chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 and the lower chamber 36 of the lower enclosure 14. . By adjusting the damper 104, the lighter material can be held longer in the upper inner chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 and the lower inner chamber 36 of the lower enclosure 14, allowing the material to be more completely crushed. .
[0025]
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the material conveying means 20 of the apparatus 10 conveys the material to be crushed to the upper internal chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12. The substance carrying means 20 includes a substantially cylindrical supply tube 110. Supply tube 110 has an open upper end 110A and an open lower end 110B in opposite positions. The upper end 110A of the supply tube 110 can be shaped like a hopper to receive the material to be crushed supplied manually, by vacuum, or by any suitable means such as a material elevator or discharge end of an auger. The supply pipe 110 is attached to the exhaust pipe 92 and is disposed through the upper side opening 94 and the lower side opening 96 of the exhaust pipe 92, but the open upper end 110 </ b> A of the supply pipe 110 is connected to the upper enclosure 12 and the exhaust pipe 92. In contrast to the outer arrangement, the open lower end 110B of the supply tube 110 is arranged in fluid communication with the chamber in the upper inner chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12. Accordingly, the material to be crushed can be supplied from outside the upper enclosure 12 through the supply pipe 110, across the exhaust pipe 92, and into the circulating air vortex in the upper internal chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12. The supply tube 110 is disposed at an acute angle with respect to the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12. The material to be crushed is fed into the supply tube 110 after sending compressed air through the angled air holes 56 to the upper internal chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12. Alternatively, the supply pipe 110 can be inserted into the cover at a location adjacent to the peripheral end portion 26A of the top cover 26, such as a location 112 shown in dotted outline in FIG.
[0026]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the support structure 22 of the apparatus 10 for vertically supporting the upper enclosure 12 and the lower enclosure 14 includes a plurality of mounting braces 114, a support platform 116, a plurality of elongated legs 118, and A support actuator 120 is included. The mounting braces 114 are substantially triangular and are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction. The mounting brace 114 is fixedly mounted to the outer side surface 12A in a direction perpendicular to the upper annular side wall 24 of the upper enclosure 12 and extends radially outward therefrom and rests on the support table 116. The support base 116 is generally flat and has a central opening 116A. The mounted upper enclosure 12 and lower enclosure 14 are received in the central opening 116A of the support base 116, and the mounting brace 114 is mounted by resting on the support base 116 around the central opening 116A. The upper enclosure 12 and the lower enclosure 14 are supported and held in the vertical vertical direction. The leg portion 118 has an upper end 118A and a bottom end 118B, and is connected to each corner 116B of the support base 116 at the upper end 118A to arrange the base horizontally and at a desired height from a support surface such as the ground. . A pair of legs 118 may be placed on a support surface interconnected by a horizontal brace member 122 at its bottom end 118B. Each support actuator 120 may be any suitable conventional type, such as manually, mechanically, pneumatically, or hydraulically operated. Each actuator 120 is attached to the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12 and extends therefrom in an upright direction and is connected at a corner of a bracket array 124 that surrounds the exhaust pipe 92 and extends outwardly. Actuator 120 may be actuated to selectively raise and lower exhaust pipe 92 relative to top cover 26 via bracket arrangement 124 to various positions relative to upper enclosure 12, and thus It can extend to different depths in the upper internal chamber 34.
[0027]
The upper internal chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 receives various pulverized materials such as glass, granules, paper, plastic, aluminum, granite, etc. from a suitable external source through the supply tube 110. Upper inner chamber 34 also receives a compressed air flow through angled air holes 56 in upper annular sidewall 24 that interacts with the material received in upper inner chamber 34 of upper enclosure 12. The angle of each air hole 56 is selected such that the compressed air flows at a high speed in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction in the upper internal chamber 34, and the compressed air has a high impact on the substance due to the high speed. And thereby reduce and crush the material in the upper interior chamber 34 to a smaller size. Although the lower inner chamber 36 of the lower enclosure 14 that is continuous with and in fluid communication with the upper enclosure 12 of the upper enclosure 12 is substantially inverted conical, this shape is the upper interior of the upper enclosure 12. Facilitates the creation and maintenance of circulating air vortices in the chamber 34 and the lower internal chamber 36 of the lower enclosure 20, which facilitates the comminution of material in the chamber. The material crushed in the upper internal chamber 34 falls or descends into the lower internal chamber 36 as shown in FIG. 2, and moves downward along the lower annular side wall 30 of the lower enclosure 14 toward the open lower end 30B. And is discharged from the open lower end 30B. The circulating vortex creates a vacuum in the center of each of the upper inner chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 and the lower inner chamber 36 of the lower enclosure 14. This allows the crushed material to fall down into the lower inner chamber 36 and out of the lower end 30B of the lower annular side wall 30 of the lower enclosure 14, while excess air is removed from the upper inner chamber 34 and It flows upward from the lower internal chamber 36 through the exhaust pipe 92. A vacuum is also present in the supply tube 110, which helps to draw the material to be processed into the upper internal chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12. At the same time, the material is pulverized in the apparatus 10 and dried in the apparatus. The size of the upper enclosure 12 and the lower enclosure 14 as well as the other components of the apparatus 10 can vary depending on the type of material to be ground and the required capacity. The device 10 shown in the drawings is merely an exemplary embodiment.
[0028]
The compressed air that is pumped into the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 can be at a preselected pressure, which is about 10 to about 600 pounds per square inch (psi).(68950-4137000 Pa (Pascal))A wide range of. Compressed air is about 5 to about 12,000 cubic feet per minute (cfm)(0.142-340 cubic meters / minute)A wide range of speeds are possible. Compressed air can also change its temperature. The temperature of the compressed air may be heated using a heat exchange device (not shown) or the like in order to promote crushing and drying of the substance. Air temperature is between 40 and 900 degrees Fahrenheit(4.44 to 482 ° C)It is possible to make a wide range. Steam can also be used to heat the compressed air. This steam is 212 to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit(100 to 1093 degrees Celsius)Over a wide range of temperatures. This increases the shear force of the compressed air and greatly improves the drying process. Steam may also be used to operate the device 10 at a specific pressure, temperature and cubic feet per minute.
[0029]
It is also possible to retain specific components in the finished product using cooling air such as air cooled to below the freezing temperature. For cooling the air, for example, liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide, cooling vortex tubes, cooling equipment and / or ground water or surface water can be used. In addition, other known techniques other than air compression can be used to operate the delivery device 10 with the appropriate air flow at the speed, pressure and temperature required to operate the device. The change in air with respect to its speed, pressure, and temperature depends on the type of material being processed and the size of the device 10.
[0030]
The exact mechanism that causes the material to shatter and shrink within device 10 is not known. Several different theories for its action include the theory that pieces of material are crushed as a result of a violent collision with each other, or the centrifugal force of the vortex moves the material to move the upper annular side wall 24 and lower enclosure 14 of the upper enclosure 12. There is a theory that the lower annular side wall 30 is violently hit, or that a substance loses unity or integrity due to pressure and vacuum differences, or is imploded. During operation of the apparatus 10, it is known that there is a stagnant air (low pressure) space at the center of the vortex from the lower end 92B of the exhaust pipe 92 to the outlet or lower end 30B of the lower annular side wall 30 of the lower enclosure 14. . Another stagnant air (low pressure) space is also found along the inside of the side wall 30 of the lower enclosure 14, which causes the treated material to fall down the lower interior chamber 36 and from the lower enclosure 14. It is discharged. A vacuum is created between the stagnant air in the center of the device 10 and the stagnant air space along the periphery of the lower enclosure 14.
[0031]
(Industrial applicability)
The device 10 is designed to efficiently and easily grind, dry and dehydrate various materials. As will be described in more detail below, the apparatus 10 is capable of grinding, drying, and sterilizing animal and agricultural products, grinding industrial waste cleanup, recycling consumer waste, desalinating salt water, and more efficiently. There are many practical applications including, but not limited to, the comminution of fuel for safe combustion and the comminution of medical products for more efficient delivery. The drying, dewatering, and grinding features of the device 10 are believed to be, or an alternative to, cost-effective auxiliary methods to conventional spray drying processes. The device 10 may also be miniaturized to provide a small crusher and dryer for use with consumer products at home.
[0032]
  Sterilization Air temperature 150 degrees Fahrenheit(65.55 ° C)Or more, combined with the pulverization effect of the impact particles, creates a unique and efficient sterilization method. Liquid eggs, a by-product of the hatchery or egg industry, can be powdered despite the solid content of the liquid egg being only about 18% to 20%. This powder has a favorable scent and seems to have a long shelf life. The moisture content of this powder is on average 1% to 4%.
[0033]
Agricultural products
All types of cereals can be ground to flour and dried in the same process. By making unnecessary powders from cereals into a fine powder at the mill, more nutrients can be made available and used in feed products. Aquatic plants such as algae, seaweed, duckweed, and other plants can be dried and ground at low temperatures, thereby preserving their nutritional value. Herbs can be improved by making them fine powder.
[0034]
Animal products
Many crustaceans and marine organisms, such as crabs, lobsters, shrimp, oysters, can be crushed and dried, thereby making more efficient use of the processing product by-products. When the shell, which is a by-product of processing, is dried and then ground to a fine powder, products such as chitin can be extracted more easily. The majority of crustacean shells can be crushed to the desired micron size, thereby enhancing interaction with different components.
[0035]
Similar to by-products from animal processing plants, various animal wastes can be ground and dried. Animal waste such as hen manure from a commercial house can be dried and ground to produce fertilizer grade products. D. A. F. That is, the waste from the animal processing plant can be dried and ground. This material is rich in protein content and can be used in animal feed. D. A. F. Although the bacteria content is high, the use of the device 10 reduced or eliminated the bacterial growth seen in some cases. Poultry products such as eggshells from hatcheries and egg breaking factories can be crushed and dried. Egg shells can be used more effectively by crushing the shells into fine powder. Membranes obtained from the inside of the shell, rich in collagen, remain large particles. This membrane can be easily removed from calcium by using a sieve. Both the membrane and calcium can be dried and ground to the desired size.
[0036]
Industrial waste purification
The apparatus 10 can be used for pulverizing high fracture materials such as coal, concrete, aluminum, glass, wood, paper, hard plastic, rock, limestone, mineral ores. Equipment milling and dewatering can be used on contaminated soil as well as industrial and hazardous waste. The EPA regulatory goals of pollution prevention and waste reduction can be handled by this device.
[0037]
In addition, certain materials can be increased in value by performing volume reduction. For example, most filter cakes are water. If water is removed, residual materials such as chromium, nickel, tin, iron, etc. are effectively more concentrated and therefore useful. Thereby, the process of extracting and reusing them becomes economically easier.
[0038]
Furthermore, there is a possibility for component extraction by applying this technique simultaneously. Component extraction is based on the unique atomic weight of each component found in its own layer in the vortex after the initial comminution occurs. If a component is found, extraction is relatively easy.
[0039]
Industrial by-products can reduce volume and moisture content, thereby reducing transportation costs and storage requirements. Sewage waste and sewage sludge can be dried to reduce volume. The feature of this technology of heated air and vortex air velocity is very important in soil remediation regulated by hydrocarbon contaminated soil (halogenated and non-halogenated), especially RCRA (Resource Conservation Regeneration Act) Is likely to be effective. By promoting the volatilization of the hydrocarbons, the hydrocarbons can be recovered in a separate stage, concentrated to a product free of impurities, and sold on their own. Improved soil can be backfilled.
[0040]
Reuse of consumer waste
Many consumer wastes can be separated by component, ground and dried before reuse. The glass can be processed into a fine powder or silicic acid. Glass products with a label on the surface can be processed without removing the label. The paper or label remains in large pieces and can be easily removed from the silicic acid using a sieve. Other products, such as baby diapers, can be separated and dried, allowing reusable ingredients to be reused and reducing the volume of waste that must be deposited in landfills be able to.
[0041]
Fresh water generation
The device 10 has the potential to desalinate seawater. In order to use material separation and processing, ionization is possible.
[0042]
Low pollutant fuel
The device 10 has the ability to pulverize fuel, such as coal, into microparticles that can be burned more efficiently and are less contaminated.
[0043]
Medicine
The ability to grind particles to a microscopic size can have the ability to convert drugs, vitamins, and minerals into a form that can be more effectively used by humans and animals.
[0044]
The present invention and its advantages will be understood from the foregoing description, and various modifications to the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention or without sacrificing its essential advantages. It will be clear that this may be done. The previously described forms are merely preferred or exemplary embodiments of the invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a substance crushing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a crusher showing an arrow indicating an air flow.
FIG. 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the crushing device viewed along line 3-3 in FIG. 2, showing arrows indicating air flow.
4 is an enlarged detailed view of a manifold and an air pipe of an air supply means of the pulverization apparatus surrounded by a circle 4 in FIG. 3, showing an arrow indicating an air flow.
5 is a side view of the air hole width adjusting means as viewed from line 5-5 in FIG. 4 with the front cover of the manifold of the air supply means removed. FIG.

Claims (26)

A material crusher,
(A) an upper enclosure including an upper annular sidewall and having an upper end, an open lower end, opposing outer surfaces and an inner surface, wherein the upper annular sidewall defines an upper inner chamber at the inner surface of the upper enclosure A predetermined passage formed through the upper annular sidewall between the outer surface and the inner surface of the upper enclosure to provide fluid communication between the outer surface of the upper enclosure and the upper inner chamber. An upper enclosure having at least one well of dimensions;
(B) a lower enclosure arranged vertically in a row below the upper enclosure, wherein the lower enclosure is substantially inverted conical and includes a lower annular sidewall having an open upper end and an open lower end Defining a lower inner chamber such that the lower annular sidewall and the lower inner chamber of the lower enclosure are substantially continuous and in fluid communication with the upper annular sidewall and the upper inner chamber of the upper enclosure. A lower enclosure in which the lower annular side wall of the lower enclosure is attached to the upper annular side wall via the open lower end of the upper enclosure at the open upper end position;
(C) means for delivering the material to be crushed into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure through the upper end of the upper enclosure;
(D) supplying an air flow into the upper internal chamber through the well in the upper annular side wall of the upper enclosure along a flow path extending around the inner surface of the upper enclosure; Air supply means;
(E) the upper enclosure further includes a deflection plate mounted on the upper annular side wall on the inner side surface of the upper enclosure adjacent to the pier that penetrates the upper annular side wall, and the deflection plate comprises: Defining an angular arrangement relative to the upper annular side wall to deflect air away from the shed so as not to disturb air flowing from the shed into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure;
(F) a grinding and drying of material in said upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure, and air discharge means for the discharge of air upward through the said upper end from said upper interior chamber, said of the lower enclosure A vortex of air that causes downward movement of the crushed material through the lower internal chamber and discharge of the crushed material downward from the lower internal chamber through the open lower end of the lower enclosure; The air supply means and the air discharge means are adapted to generate inside the upper and lower enclosures of the upper and lower enclosures, the air supply means and the air discharge means, The upper end of the upper enclosure from the upper inner chamber to cooperate with the upper and lower inner chambers. And a lower internal chamber of the lower enclosure that emphasizes a circulating vortex of air and material in the upper and lower internal chambers of the upper and lower enclosures Material crusher having a conical shape.   Support structure for vertically supporting the upper and lower enclosures with the upper enclosure on the lower enclosure so that the upper and lower enclosures and the upper and lower internal chambers are aligned in a vertical line with each other The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: A slot having a height oriented such that the piercing through the upper annular side wall of the upper enclosure extends between the upper end and the open lower end of the upper enclosure generally transversely thereto. The apparatus of claim 1. The slot through the upper annular side wall of the upper enclosure is a slot having a length oriented between the inner and outer surfaces of the upper enclosure to extend at an acute angle thereto. Item 2. The apparatus according to Item 1. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the upper enclosure further comprises adjusting means for adjusting the dimensions of the shed that penetrates the upper annular sidewall of the upper enclosure.   For the purpose of changing the effective dimension of the pier that the air flow can pass through, the size of the lip of the shed is slid relative to the upper annular side wall and the pier that passes therethrough. The adjusting means includes a plate and a releasable fastener that attaches the plate to the upper annular side wall at a location of the outer surface of the upper enclosure adjacent to the well that penetrates the upper annular side wall. The apparatus according to claim 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air supply means supplies compressed air. The air supply means is attached to the upper annular side wall of the upper enclosure on the outer surface of the upper annular side wall, surrounds the pier that passes through the upper annular side wall, and is in fluid communication A manifold defining a cavity, the manifold having an air inlet;
The air supply means further includes at least one tube extending from an external air supply, the tube passing an air flow through the tube, through the air inlet of the manifold, and the air collecting cavity of the manifold. It enters and passes into, and further passes through the mound port of the upper enclosure is connected to the air inlet of the manifold to flow into the prior SL upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure, at the same fluid connection The apparatus of claim 1. A material crusher,
(A) an upper enclosure including an upper annular sidewall and having an upper end, an open lower end, opposing outer surfaces and an inner surface, the upper annular sidewall defining an upper inner chamber at the inner surface of the upper enclosure; The outer surface of the upper enclosure so as to provide fluid communication at a remote location on the upper enclosure between the outer surface of the upper enclosure and the upper inner chamber. Between the outer side surface and the inner side surface of the upper enclosure, formed through the upper annular side wall between the outer side surface and the inner side surface, and spaced circumferentially around the upper annular side wall, oriented so as to extend at an acute angle to both sides, the upper having a plurality of slots in a predetermined size, respectively enclosures And,
(B) a lower enclosure arranged vertically in a row below the upper enclosure, wherein the lower enclosure is substantially inverted conical and includes a lower annular sidewall having an open upper end and an open lower end Defining a lower internal chamber, wherein the lower annular side wall and the lower inner chamber of the lower enclosure are substantially continuous, the upper annular side wall of the upper enclosure and the upper inner chamber and fluid A lower enclosure, wherein the lower annular side wall of the lower enclosure is attached to the upper annular side wall via the open lower end of the upper enclosure so as to communicate with the upper annular side wall;
(C) means for delivering the material to be crushed into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure through the upper end of the upper enclosure;
(D) passing through the slot in the upper annular side wall of the upper enclosure along the flow path extending around the upper annular side wall on the inner side surface of the upper enclosure and into the upper inner chamber; An air supply means for supplying an air flow;
(E) the upper enclosure further includes a plurality of deflection plates respectively mounted to the upper annular sidewall on the inner surface of the upper enclosure adjacent to one of the slots penetrating the upper annular sidewall; The deflection plate against the upper annular sidewall so as to deflect air away from the one slot so as not to disturb air flowing from the one slot into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure. Define the angular arrangement,
(F) a grinding and drying of material in said upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure, and air discharge means for discharge of air from said upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure upwardly through the said upper end, the lower Air vortex flow that causes downward movement of the crushed material through the lower internal chamber of the side enclosure and discharge of the crushed material from the lower internal chamber through the open lower end of the lower enclosure In the upper and lower inner chambers of the upper and lower enclosures, the air supply means and the air discharge means are arranged in the slots in the upper annular sidewall and the upper and lower inner chambers. From the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure through its upper end to cooperate with And a lower internal chamber of the lower enclosure having an inverted conical shape that enhances the circulating vortices of air and matter in the upper and lower internal chambers of the upper and lower enclosures Material crushing device having. Support structure for vertically supporting the upper and lower enclosures with the upper enclosure on the lower enclosure so that the upper and lower enclosures and the upper and lower internal chambers are aligned in a vertical line with each other The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising: Each of the slots extending through the upper annular sidewall of the upper enclosure has a height that is oriented between the upper and open lower ends of the upper enclosure to extend generally transversely thereto. 9. The apparatus according to 9 . The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the upper enclosure further comprises adjusting means for adjusting the dimensions of each slot through the upper annular sidewall of the upper enclosure. In order to change the effective width of the slot through which the air flow can pass, the adjusting means for the dimension of the slot is adapted to slide relative to the upper annular side wall and the slot passing therethrough. If, in claim 12 including said upper annular sidewall each slot adjacent to the upper annular side wall to said plate can open wearing of fasteners at the location of the outer surface of the upper enclosure through the The device described. The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the air supply means supplies compressed air. The air supply means is mounted on the upper annular sidewall of the upper enclosure on the outer surface of the upper annular sidewall, respectively, surrounds and fluidly communicates with one of the slots penetrating the upper annular sidewall. A plurality of manifolds defining air collection cavities, each manifold having an air inlet;
The air supply means further includes a plurality of tubes extending from an external compressed air supply source, the tubes passing compressed air through the tubes , passing through the air supply port of the manifold, and collecting the manifold. Coupled to and in fluid communication with the inlet of the manifold to enter and pass through an air cavity, further pass through the slot of the upper enclosure, and flow into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure. The apparatus of claim 9 . The air discharge means from the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure includes an exhaust pipe having an open upper end and an open lower end, and the exhaust pipe is disposed outside and above the upper enclosure, the open upper end of the exhaust pipe. And the open lower end of the exhaust pipe is disposed and mounted so as to penetrate the upper end of the upper enclosure so as to be placed in fluid communication with the interior of the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the open lower end of the exhaust pipe is disposed closer to the open lower end than the upper end of the upper enclosure. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the upper end of the upper enclosure includes an upper cover having a substantially central opening. The exhaust pipe has an upper side opening disposed outside and above the upper enclosure; and a lower side opening disposed in the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure and in fluid communication;
The means for delivering the material to be crushed into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure includes a supply tube having an open upper end and an open lower end, the supply tube containing the material to be crushed in the upper enclosure. The open upper end of the supply pipe is on the side surface of the exhaust pipe so that the supply pipe is supplied into the circulating vortex in the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure through the supply pipe crossing the exhaust pipe from the outside. Disposed adjacent to and outside the upper enclosure, and the open lower end of the supply pipe is disposed adjacent to the opposite side of the exhaust pipe and in fluid communication therewithin the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure. Attached to and through the upper and lower side openings of the exhaust pipe The apparatus of claim 16 are. Wherein each of said slots through said upper annular sidewall of the upper enclosure, located between the upper end and an open lower end of said upper enclosure, and generally according to claim 16 having a height in a positional relationship across them Equipment. A damper movably mounted on the exhaust pipe, wherein the damper regulates air flow from the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure via the exhaust pipe, thereby the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the apparatus is adjustable to adjust the grinding size of the substance therein. A material grinding method,
(A) formed to penetrate between the outer surface and the inner surface to provide fluid communication between the outer surface and the upper inner chamber and extend between the outer surface and the inner surface at an acute angle to them; Providing an upper enclosure with at least one well of a predetermined dimension,
(B) A lower side having an inverted conical shape arranged in a line under the upper enclosure such that the lower internal chamber of the lower enclosure is substantially continuous with and in fluid communication with the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure. Providing an enclosure;
(C) delivering the material to be crushed into the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure via the upper end of the upper enclosure;
(D) supplying an air flow along a flow path extending about the inner surface of the upper enclosure into the upper internal chamber via a shed in the upper enclosure;
(E) using one or more deflecting plates mounted in proximity to one or more of the mouths on the inner side surface of the upper enclosure, and the angular arrangement of the deflecting plates with respect to the inner side surface of the upper enclosure The air circulating in the upper enclosure is prevented from being blocked by the air circulating in the upper enclosure. Deflected away,
( F) Grinding and drying of the material in the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure, downward movement of the comminuted material through the lower internal chamber of the lower enclosure, and via the open lower end of the lower enclosure In order to generate air vortices in the upper and lower inner chambers of the upper and lower enclosures that cause the downward discharge of the crushed material from the lower inner chamber, Expelling air from the upper internal chamber of the upper enclosure through its upper end to cooperate with the shed in the upper annular sidewall and the upper and lower internal chambers, The chamber is an inverted cone that enhances the air and material circulation vortices in the upper and lower internal chambers of the upper and lower enclosures. The material grinding method. The method of claim 21 , wherein the air is supplied in a compressed state. Temperature of the air to be supplied, The method of claim 21 in the range of 40 ° F (4.44 ° C) or al 900 ° F (482 ° C) . The pressure of the air supplied A method according to claim 21 in the range of 10psi (68950Pa (Pascal)) or al 600psi (4137000Pa (Pascal)). The method of claim 21 , wherein the flow rate of the supplied air is from 5 cubic feet per minute (0.142 cubic meters) to 12,000 cubic feet per minute (340 cubic meters) . The method of claim 21 air is supplied, including water vapor in the range of temperature is 212 ° F (100 ° C) or al 2000 ° F (1093 ° C) .

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