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JP4806887B2 - Steel material excellent in fatigue crack propagation characteristics and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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JP4806887B2 - Steel material excellent in fatigue crack propagation characteristics and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Steel material excellent in fatigue crack propagation characteristics and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4806887B2
JP4806887B2 JP2003173356A JP2003173356A JP4806887B2 JP 4806887 B2 JP4806887 B2 JP 4806887B2 JP 2003173356 A JP2003173356 A JP 2003173356A JP 2003173356 A JP2003173356 A JP 2003173356A JP 4806887 B2 JP4806887 B2 JP 4806887B2
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temperature
crack propagation
fatigue crack
steel
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JP2004076156A (en
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考嗣 片山
康 森影
公宏 西村
高宏 久保
虔一 天野
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、船体、海洋構造物、土木構造物等の素材として好適な、疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた鋼板およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
鋼構造物の大型化および軽量化への要求に伴い、またコストダウンの観点からも、高張力鋼の適用が拡大しつつある。鋼構造物のうち、船体、海洋構造物、土木構造物等では、繰返し荷重を受けるために、疲労破壊が重要な問題となる。特に、高張力鋼の適用による薄肉化により、設計応力が上昇するため疲労破壊には十分な配慮が必要である。
【0003】
鋼構造物は一般に溶接施工により組み立てられ、多数の溶接部を含むため、疲労き裂は溶接部から発生する場合が多い。したがって、疲労強度を向上させるためには、溶接部からの疲労き裂の発生を抑制する方法と、発生した疲労き裂の伝播速度を低減させる方法との二通りが有力である。
【0004】
溶接部からの疲労き裂の発生を抑制する方法には、グラインダ処理や溶接ビード最終パスの加熱再溶融処理により溶接止端部の形状を改善する方法や、ショットピーニング処理などにより溶接止端部に圧縮残留応力を付与する方法がある(特許文献1、特許文献2等)。しかし、これらの溶接後処理では、き裂発生後の伝播の発生を抑制することは困難である。
【0005】
これに対し、疲労き裂伝播速度を低減させる方法は、素材の疲労き裂伝播抵抗を高めることによって、疲労き裂伝播速度を低減し鋼構造物の疲労寿命を向上させうるものであるから、その開発が要望されている。
【0006】
この要望に応えようとした技術として、(a)応力拡大係数の変動範囲ΔKが 500 N/mm -3/2程度以下の低ΔK領域で、疲労き裂先端にマイクロクラックを発生させる方法(特許文献3)、(b) 圧延方向に延伸した縞状の第二相が母相内に5〜50%の面積率で散在し、該第二相の硬さHv が母相の硬さHv の130 %以上、アスペクト比が4以上、長さが20μm 以上である鋼板(特許文献4)、(c) 軟質相と硬質相とからなりこれら両相の硬度差をHv150以上とした鋼が知られている。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開昭59−110490号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平1−301823号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平5−148541号公報
【特許文献4】
特開平7−90478 号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、前記(a)の技術では、低ΔK領域を対象としているので、き裂長さが比較的長いまたは応力が比較的高い場合には疲労き裂伝播速度低減効果が小さいという問題がある。また、前記(b) の技術では、疲労き裂進展方向が第二相の延伸方向に対して直交していない場合は疲労き裂伝播速度低減効果が小さい可能性があるという問題がある。また、前記(c) の技術では、鋼を高強度化した場合、軟質相の硬さ増加に応じて硬質相の硬さも増加させる必要があるために、靭性の劣化を招く問題がある。
【0009】
本発明は、上記従来技術の問題点に鑑み、高ΔK領域で疲労き裂伝播速度をき裂進展方向によらず有効に低減でき、かつ、強度・靭性バランスに優れた疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた厚鋼板をその有利な製造方法と共に提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは鋭意検討した結果、鋼の組成(化学組成)と組織とを特定の範囲に制限すること、とくに残留オーステナイトを特定量含む組織とすることにより前記目的が達成されることを見出し、以下の要旨構成になる本発明をなした。
【0011】
(1)質量%で、C:0.01〜0.40%、Si:0.10〜0.40%、Mn:0.4 〜3.0 %、P:0.05%以下、S:0.05%以下、Al:0.3 〜2.0 %、N:0.015 %以下を含有し残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有し、かつ残留オーステナイトを面積率で2〜30%含み、ベイナイトを面積率で50%以上含む組織を有することを特徴とする疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた厚鋼板
【0012】
(2)前記組成がさらに、質量%で、Cu:0.1 〜1.5 %、Ni:0.1 〜5.0 %、Cr:0.1 〜1.5 %、Mo:0.05〜0.50%、Nb:0.005 〜0.10%、V:0.005 〜0.10%、Ti:0.005 〜0.25%のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする(1)記載の疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた厚鋼板
【0014】
(3)質量%で、C:0.01〜0.40%、Si:0.10〜0.40%、Mn:0.4 〜3.0 %、P:0.05%以下、S:0.05%以下、Al:0.3 〜2.0 %、N:0.015 %以下を含有し残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有する鋳片素材を、1000〜1300℃の温度に加熱後圧延し、該圧延を700 〜950 ℃の温度で終了後、5〜70℃/sの冷却速度で500 ℃以下の温度まで冷却することを特徴とする疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた厚鋼板の製造方法。
【0015】
(4)質量%で、C:0.01〜0.40%、Si:0.10〜0.40%、Mn:0.4 〜3.0 %、P:0.05%以下、S:0.05%以下、Al:0.3 〜2.0 %、N:0.015 %以下を含有し残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有する厚鋼板を、700 〜900 ℃の温度に再加熱して該温度に600 秒以上3600秒以下保持後、350 〜500 ℃の温度まで冷却して該温度に60秒以上保持し、以後冷却することを特徴とする疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた厚鋼板の製造方法。
【0016】
)前記組成がさらに、質量%で、Cu:0.1 〜1.5 %、Ni:0.1 〜5.0 %、Cr:0.1 〜1.5 %、Mo:0.05〜0.50%、Nb:0.005 〜0.10%、V:0.005 〜0.10%、Ti:0.005 〜0.25%のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を含有する組成を有することを特徴とする()または()に記載の疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた厚鋼板の製造方法。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
まず、本発明における組成の限定理由を述べる。なお、組成の化学成分含有量は質量%で表し、%と略記する。
【0018】
C:0.01〜0.40%
Cは鋼の強度を高める成分であるだけでなく、残留オーステナイトを得る上で有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.01%未満ではその効果に乏しく、一方、0.04%を超えると延性が低下したり、溶接割れの可能性が高くなったりするので、C量は0.01〜0.40%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.05〜0.15%である。
【0019】
Si:0.10〜0.40
Siは鋼の脱酸に必要な元素である。Siが0.10%未満では、溶製時の脱酸効果が期待できないので、Siは0.10%以上必要である。また、Siは残留オーステナイトを得る上で重要な元素であるが、含有量が3.0 %を超えると鋼の靭性が損なわれるSi量は本発明において0.10〜0.40%である。
【0020】
Mn:0.4 〜3.0 %
Mnは、鋼の強化元素として有用なだけでなく、残留オーステナイトを得る上でも有用である。しかしながら、含有量が0.4 %未満ではその効果に乏しく、一方、3.0 %を超えると延性の低下を招くので、Mn量は0.4 〜3.0 %の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.5 〜2.0 %である。
【0021】
P:0.05%以下
Pは低いほど好ましく、含有量が0.05%を超えると溶接時の割れ発生の原因となるので、P量は0.05%以下の範囲に限定した。
【0022】
S:0.05%以下
Sは少ないほど好ましく、含有量が0.05%を超えると靭性や延性の低下が起こるので、S量は0.05%以下の範囲に限定した。
【0023】
Al:0.3 〜2.0 %
Alは、残留オーステナイトを得る上で有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.3 %未満ではその効果に乏しく、一方で、含有量が2.0 %を超えると延性の低下を招くので、Al量は0.3 〜2.0 %の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは 0.5 〜1.5 %である。
【0024】
N:0.015 %以下
Nは、靭性を劣化する元素であるので少ないほど好ましい。一方、Alが存在する場合はAl窒化物となり、靭性を劣化させないので、N量は0.015 %以下の範囲に限定した。
【0025】
本発明の鋼材の組成は、上記成分元素を必須に含むものとするが、これら以外に必要に応じて以下の元素のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を含有させたものであってもよい。
【0026】
Cu:0.1 〜1.5 %
Cuは、鋼の強度を向上するのに有用な元素であり、また、固溶強化により疲労強度を向上する。しかしながら、含有量が0.1 %未満ではその効果に乏しく、一方、1.5 %を超えると靭性が劣化するので、Cu量は0.1 〜1.5 %の範囲とするのが好ましい。
【0027】
Ni:0.1 〜5.0 %
Niは、鋼の強度向上に有用なだけでなく、靭性も大幅に向上させる。含有量が0.1 %未満ではその効果に乏しく、一方、5.0 %を超えると効果が飽和するので、Ni量は0.1 〜5.0 %の範囲とするのが好ましい。
【0028】
Cr:0.1 〜1.5 %
Crは、鋼の強度向上に有用なだけでなく、靭性も大幅に向上させる。含有量が0.1 %未満ではその効果に乏しく、一方、1.5 %を超えると効果が飽和するので、Cr量は0.1 〜1.5 %の範囲とするのが好ましい。
【0029】
Mo:0.05〜0.50%
Moは、鋼の強度向上に有用なだけでなく、靭性も大幅に向上させる。含有量が0.05%未満ではその効果に乏しく、一方、0.50%を超えると効果が飽和するので、Mo量は0.1 〜0.50%の範囲とするのが好ましい。
【0030】
Nb:0.005 〜0.10%
Nbは、鋼の強度を向上するのに有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.005 %未満ではその効果に乏しく、一方、0.10%を超えると靭性が劣化するので、Nb量は0.005 〜0.10%の範囲とするのが好ましい。
【0031】
V:0.005 〜0.10%
Vは、鋼の強度を向上するのに有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.005 %未満ではその効果に乏しく、一方、0.10%を超えると靭性が劣化するので、V量は0.005 〜0.10%の範囲とするのが好ましい。
【0032】
Ti:0.005 〜0.25%
Tiは、鋼の強度を向上するのに有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.005 %未満ではその効果に乏しく、一方、0.25%を超えると溶接割れが発生しやすくなるので、Ti量は0.005 〜0.25%の範囲とするのが好ましい。
【0033】
本発明の鋼材は、上記化学組成を有するとともに、残留オーステナイトを面積率で2〜30%含む組織を有するものである。
【0034】
残留オーステナイトは、応力がかかると加工誘起変態する。これが起こるのは、疲労き裂先端のみであり、き裂先端では加工誘起変態に伴い局所的な応力集中の緩和作用がはたらき、疲労き裂伝播速度が低減する。さらに、加工誘起変態によりき裂先端に発生する圧縮残留応力が負荷応力を緩和する作用によっても疲労き裂伝播速度は低減する。
【0035】
これらの疲労き裂伝播速度低減の効果を得るためには、最低でも2%以上の残留オーステナイトが存在する必要がある。しかし、残留オーステナイトの強度はベイナイトやマルテンサイトに比較して低いため、残留オーステナイト量が30%を超えると、十分な鋼の強度が得られない。よって、残留オーステナイト量は、2〜30%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは5〜15%である。ここで、残留オーステナイト量は、X線回折法により測定した。具体的な残留オーステナイト量(面積率)は次のようにして決定する。まず、オーステナイト面積率100 %の標準試料についてX線回折法により標準試料の回折強度を求めておく。次に、被測定試料について、標準試料と同一の条件でX線回折法による回折強度を求める。最後に標準試料の回折強度に対する被測定試料の回折強度の比率を残留オーステナイトの面積率とするのである。
【0036】
一方、疲労き裂伝播速度低減の効果をさらに高めるためには、鋼材の組織は残留オーステナイトを面積率で2〜30%含む組織としながら、且つベイナイトの面積率が50%以上である組織が好ましい。その理由は、ベイナイトの面積率が50%以上であると、き裂伝播速度が高いバンド状の組織であるフェライト・パーライト組織が抑制されるからと考えられる。ベイナイト(組織)は残留オーステナイト(組織)の面積率を低減しない範囲で面積率が高いほど、き裂伝播速度が低くなる効果がある。なお、鋼材のフェライトとベイナイトの混合された組織はフェライト・ベイナイト組織と呼ばれるが、フェライト・ベイナイト組織は分散型の組織である。また、ベイナイトの面積率が50%以上であると、パーライト(組織)は観察されなくなる。
【0037】
ベイナイトの面積率は、3%ナイタールによるエッチング後、100 倍の倍率で5平方mm以上の視野を撮影し、写真の目視による組織の分別を行い組織全体に対するベイナイトの面積率を画像処理等により算出する。
【0038】
次に、本発明の鋼材の製造方法について述べる。
【0039】
本発明の鋼板は、通常の溶製法(転炉法、電気炉法等)により上記組成に成分調整した溶鋼を、通常の鋳造法(連続鋳造法、造塊法)により鋳造し、得られた鋳片素材を熱間圧延して所定寸法の鋼材となす製造工程において、(A)圧延条件と圧延後の冷却条件を特定の範囲に制御すること、あるいは、(B)該制御の有無に拘らず圧延後の鋼材に特定条件の熱処理を施すことにより、その組織中に残留オーステナイトを2〜30%含ませることができる。なお、熱間圧延する代わりに熱間鍛造してもよいが、生産性の点で、熱間圧延する方が好ましい。
【0040】
(A)の方法としては、上記組成を有する鋼スラブを、1000〜1300℃の温度に加熱後圧延し、該圧延を700 〜950 ℃の温度で終了後、5〜70℃/sの冷却速度で500 ℃以下の温度まで冷却する。
【0041】
スラブ加熱温度は、1000℃未満では、オーステナイト化が不十分であり、一方、1300℃超では、結晶粒が粗大になり、靭性が劣化する可能性があるので、1000〜1300℃とするのが好ましい。
【0042】
圧延終了温度は、700 ℃未満では、歪導入が過多となり、靭性を劣化させる虞があり、一方、950 ℃超では、結晶粒が粗大になり、靭性が劣化する可能性があるので、700 〜950 ℃とするが好ましい。
【0043】
圧延後の冷却条件については、5〜70℃/sの冷却速度で500 ℃以下の温度まで冷却することにより、残留オーステナイトを面積率で2〜30%含む組織として疲労き裂伝播速度の低減効果を確実に得られる。
【0044】
なお、冷却速度が70℃/sを超える場合、冷却の停止温度が200 ℃未満では強度が過剰となるので、冷却の停止温度を200 ℃以上とするとよい。この場合には、停止温度から室温までの冷却は放冷又は徐冷(放冷よりも遅い冷却速度で冷却すること)としてよい。
【0045】
(B)の方法としては、前記組成を有する鋼材を、700 〜900 ℃の温度に再加熱して該温度に3600秒以下保持後、350 〜500 ℃の温度まで冷却して該温度に60秒以上保持し、以後冷却する方法が好適である。
【0046】
再加熱温度は、700 ℃未満では、2相域に達せず、オーステンパーの効果が得られにくく、一方、900 ℃超では、結晶粒が粗大となるので、700 〜900 ℃とする。再加熱温度での保持時間については、3600秒超では、粒径が大きくなり靭性が劣化するので、3600秒以下とする。なお、下限については、均質化の点から、600 秒とするのがよい。
【0047】
冷却途中での保持温度(オーステンパー温度という。)は、350 ℃未満および500 ℃超では、残留オーステナイトの量が十分ではないので、350 〜500 ℃とする。オーステンパー温度での保持時間については、60秒未満では、炭素が十分に拡散することができず濃化が不十分となり、残留オーステナイトを十分に生成することができないので、60秒以上とする。なお、上限については、脱炭防止の点から、1800秒とするのがよい。
【0048】
再加熱温度での保持完了からオーステンパー温度での保持開始までの間の冷却については、冷却速度が遅すぎるとパーライトが析出し残留オーステナイトが少なくなり、かつベイナイト組織の面積率が50%を下回るので、冷却速度を5℃/s以上とするのが好ましい。また、オーステンパー温度での保持完了以後の冷却は放冷でよい。
【0049】
なお、本発明では、上記(A)、(B)のいずれかの方法で製造した鋼材に対し、さらに、靭性を向上させるために、300 〜550 ℃の温度域で焼戻し処理を施してもよい。
【0050】
【実施例】
表1に示す組成になる鋼スラブを、表2に示す条件で加熱- 圧延- 冷却し、あるいはさらに熱処理し、得られた鋼材について、ASTM E647に準拠した疲労き裂伝播試験を行い、ΔK(応力拡大係数の変動範囲)=500 〜1500N/mm -3/2の高ΔK領域で疲労き裂伝播速度を測定した。この試験では、各鋼材から採取したCT試験片を油圧サーボ試験機にセットし、応力比R=0.05、周波数f=15Hz、試験温度T=室温、の条件で試験機を運転した。
【0051】
疲労き裂伝播速度の測定結果を表2に示す。本発明例では、面積率で2〜30%の残留オーステナイトを含む組織とし、さらに、ベイナイト組織の面積率を50%以上としたことにより、疲労き裂伝播速度が5.0 ×10-5mm/cycle以下になる優れた疲労き裂伝播特性を呈した。
【0052】
【表1】

Figure 0004806887
【0053】
【表2】
Figure 0004806887
【0054】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、高ΔK領域で疲労き裂伝播速度をき裂進展方向によらず有効に低減でき、かつ、靭性劣化を伴わずに高強度化できる疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた鋼材が得られるから、船体、海洋構造物、土木構造物等の繰返し荷重を受ける鋼構造物の疲労寿命を有利に改善できるようになるという効果を奏する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a thick steel plate excellent in fatigue crack propagation characteristics suitable as a material for a hull, an offshore structure, a civil engineering structure, and the like, and a method for manufacturing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
With the demand for increasing the size and weight of steel structures, and from the viewpoint of cost reduction, the application of high-tensile steel is expanding. Among steel structures, hulls, offshore structures, civil engineering structures and the like are subjected to repeated loads, and fatigue failure becomes an important problem. In particular, due to the thinning due to the application of high-strength steel, the design stress increases, so sufficient consideration is necessary for fatigue failure.
[0003]
Since steel structures are generally assembled by welding and include a large number of welds, fatigue cracks often occur from the welds. Therefore, in order to improve the fatigue strength, two methods are effective: a method for suppressing the occurrence of a fatigue crack from the welded portion and a method for reducing the propagation speed of the generated fatigue crack.
[0004]
Methods for suppressing the occurrence of fatigue cracks from welds include methods for improving the shape of the weld toes by grinding and heating and remelting the final pass of the weld bead, and welding toes by shot peening. There is a method of imparting compressive residual stress to (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, etc.). However, in these post-welding processes, it is difficult to suppress the occurrence of propagation after the occurrence of cracks.
[0005]
On the other hand, the method for reducing the fatigue crack propagation rate is to increase the fatigue crack propagation resistance of the material, thereby reducing the fatigue crack propagation rate and improving the fatigue life of the steel structure. The development is demanded.
[0006]
As a technology to meet this demand, (a) a method of generating a microcrack at the tip of a fatigue crack in a low ΔK region where the fluctuation range ΔK of the stress intensity factor is about 500 N / mm -3/2 or less (patent References 3), (b) Striped second phases extending in the rolling direction are scattered in the matrix at an area ratio of 5 to 50%, and the hardness Hv of the second phase is the hardness Hv of the matrix. Steel sheets with 130% or more, aspect ratio of 4 or more, and length of 20 μm or more (Patent Document 4), (c) Steel with a soft phase and a hard phase, and the hardness difference between these two phases being Hv 150 or more are known. ing.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 59-110490 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-1-301823 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-148541 [Patent Document 4]
JP-A-7-90478 [0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the technique (a) targets the low ΔK region, there is a problem that the effect of reducing the fatigue crack propagation rate is small when the crack length is relatively long or the stress is relatively high. Further, the technique (b) has a problem that the fatigue crack propagation rate reducing effect may be small when the fatigue crack propagation direction is not orthogonal to the second phase stretching direction. In the technique (c), when the strength of the steel is increased, it is necessary to increase the hardness of the hard phase in accordance with the increase in the hardness of the soft phase.
[0009]
In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention can effectively reduce the fatigue crack propagation speed in a high ΔK region regardless of the crack propagation direction, and has a fatigue crack propagation characteristic with an excellent balance between strength and toughness. An object is to provide an excellent thick steel plate together with its advantageous production method.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the object can be achieved by limiting the composition (chemical composition) and structure of steel to a specific range, in particular, a structure containing a specific amount of retained austenite. The present invention has the following gist configuration.
[0011]
(1) By mass%, C: 0.01 to 0.40%, Si: 0.10 to 0.40%, Mn: 0.4 to 3.0%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.05% or less, Al: 0.3 to 2.0%, N: 0.015 % has with balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities contained the following, and viewed from 2 to 30% including a residual austenite area ratio, fatigue, characterized by having a tissue containing more than 50% bainite area ratio Thick steel plate with excellent crack propagation characteristics.
[0012]
(2) The composition is further in terms of mass%, Cu: 0.1 to 1.5%, Ni: 0.1 to 5.0%, Cr: 0.1 to 1.5%, Mo: 0.05 to 0.50%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.10%, V: 0.005 The thick steel plate having excellent fatigue crack propagation characteristics according to (1), comprising one or more selected from ˜0.10% and Ti: 0.005 to 0.25%.
[0014]
(3) By mass%, C: 0.01 to 0.40%, Si: 0.10 to 0.40%, Mn: 0.4 to 3.0%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.05% or less, Al: 0.3 to 2.0%, N: 0.015 % of Ihenmoto material having a composition the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities contained the following, was rolled after heating to a temperature of 1000 to 1300 ° C., after completion of the the rolling at a temperature of 700 to 950 ° C., 5 to 70 A method for producing a thick steel plate having excellent fatigue crack propagation characteristics, characterized by cooling to a temperature of 500 ° C. or lower at a cooling rate of ° C./s.
[0015]
(4) By mass%, C: 0.01 to 0.40%, Si: 0.10 to 0.40%, Mn: 0.4 to 3.0%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.05% or less, Al: 0.3 to 2.0%, N: 0.015 %, And the steel plate having the composition composed of the remaining Fe and inevitable impurities is reheated to a temperature of 700 to 900 ° C., held at the temperature for 600 seconds to 3600 seconds, and then to a temperature of 350 to 500 ° C. A method for producing a thick steel plate having excellent fatigue crack propagation characteristics, characterized by cooling and holding at the temperature for 60 seconds or more, and thereafter cooling.
[0016]
( 5 ) The composition is further in terms of mass%, Cu: 0.1 to 1.5%, Ni: 0.1 to 5.0%, Cr: 0.1 to 1.5%, Mo: 0.05 to 0.50%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.10%, V: 0.005 It has excellent fatigue crack propagation characteristics as described in ( 3 ) or ( 4 ), characterized in that it has a composition containing one or more selected from 0.10% and Ti: 0.005 to 0.25% A method for manufacturing thick steel plates .
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, the reasons for limiting the composition in the present invention will be described. The chemical component content of the composition is expressed in mass% and is abbreviated as%.
[0018]
C: 0.01-0.40%
C is not only a component that increases the strength of steel, but also an element useful for obtaining retained austenite. However, if the content is less than 0.01%, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.04%, the ductility decreases or the possibility of weld cracking increases, so the C content is limited to the range of 0.01 to 0.40%. did. In addition, Preferably it is 0.05 to 0.15%.
[0019]
Si: 0.10 to 0.40 %
Si is an element necessary for deoxidation of steel. If Si is less than 0.10%, the deoxidation effect at the time of melting cannot be expected, so Si needs to be 0.10% or more. Si is an important element for obtaining retained austenite, but if the content exceeds 3.0%, the toughness of the steel is impaired . In the present invention, the amount of Si is 0.10 to 0.40%.
[0020]
Mn: 0.4 to 3.0%
Mn is useful not only as a steel strengthening element but also in obtaining retained austenite. However, if the content is less than 0.4%, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3.0%, the ductility is lowered, so the Mn content is limited to the range of 0.4 to 3.0%. In addition, Preferably it is 0.5 to 2.0%.
[0021]
P: 0.05% or less P is preferably as low as possible. If the content exceeds 0.05%, cracking occurs during welding, so the P content is limited to a range of 0.05% or less.
[0022]
S: 0.05% or less S is preferably as small as possible, and when the content exceeds 0.05%, the toughness and ductility decrease, so the S content is limited to a range of 0.05% or less.
[0023]
Al: 0.3 to 2.0%
Al is an element useful for obtaining retained austenite. However, if the content is less than 0.3%, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 2.0%, the ductility is lowered, so the Al content is limited to the range of 0.3 to 2.0%. In addition, Preferably it is 0.5 to 1.5%.
[0024]
N: 0.015% or less Since N is an element that deteriorates toughness, the smaller the N, the better. On the other hand, when Al is present, it becomes Al nitride and does not deteriorate toughness, so the N content is limited to a range of 0.015% or less.
[0025]
The composition of the steel material of the present invention essentially contains the above-described component elements, but may contain one or more selected from the following elements as necessary in addition to these elements. .
[0026]
Cu: 0.1-1.5%
Cu is an element useful for improving the strength of steel, and also improves fatigue strength by solid solution strengthening. However, if the content is less than 0.1%, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.5%, the toughness deteriorates, so the Cu content is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.5%.
[0027]
Ni: 0.1-5.0%
Ni is not only useful for improving the strength of steel but also greatly improves toughness. If the content is less than 0.1%, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 5.0%, the effect is saturated. Therefore, the Ni content is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5.0%.
[0028]
Cr: 0.1 to 1.5%
Cr is not only useful for improving the strength of steel, but also greatly improves toughness. If the content is less than 0.1%, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 1.5%, the effect is saturated. Therefore, the Cr content is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.5%.
[0029]
Mo: 0.05-0.50%
Mo is not only useful for improving the strength of steel, but also greatly improves toughness. If the content is less than 0.05%, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.50%, the effect is saturated, so the Mo content is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.50%.
[0030]
Nb: 0.005 to 0.10%
Nb is an element useful for improving the strength of steel. However, if the content is less than 0.005%, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.10%, the toughness deteriorates, so the Nb content is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.10%.
[0031]
V: 0.005 to 0.10%
V is an element useful for improving the strength of steel. However, if the content is less than 0.005%, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.10%, the toughness deteriorates, so the V content is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.10%.
[0032]
Ti: 0.005 to 0.25%
Ti is an element useful for improving the strength of steel. However, if the content is less than 0.005%, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.25%, weld cracking is likely to occur, so the Ti content is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.25%.
[0033]
The steel material of the present invention has the above chemical composition and a structure containing 2 to 30% of retained austenite by area ratio.
[0034]
Residual austenite undergoes processing-induced transformation when stress is applied. This occurs only at the tip of a fatigue crack, and at the tip of the crack, local stress concentration is mitigated by work-induced transformation, and the fatigue crack propagation rate is reduced. Furthermore, the fatigue crack propagation rate is also reduced by the action of the compressive residual stress generated at the crack tip due to work-induced transformation to relieve the applied stress.
[0035]
In order to obtain the effect of reducing the fatigue crack propagation rate, at least 2% of retained austenite needs to be present. However, since the strength of retained austenite is lower than that of bainite or martensite, if the amount of retained austenite exceeds 30%, sufficient steel strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, the amount of retained austenite was limited to a range of 2 to 30%. In addition, Preferably it is 5 to 15%. Here, the amount of retained austenite was measured by an X-ray diffraction method. A specific amount of retained austenite (area ratio) is determined as follows. First, for a standard sample with an austenite area ratio of 100%, the diffraction intensity of the standard sample is obtained by the X-ray diffraction method. Next, the diffraction intensity by the X-ray diffraction method is obtained for the sample to be measured under the same conditions as the standard sample. Finally, the ratio of the diffraction intensity of the sample to be measured to the diffraction intensity of the standard sample is used as the area ratio of retained austenite.
[0036]
On the other hand, in order to further enhance the effect of reducing the fatigue crack propagation rate, the structure of the steel material is preferably a structure containing 2-30% of retained austenite in the area ratio, and the area ratio of bainite is 50% or more. . The reason is considered that when the area ratio of bainite is 50% or more, the ferrite-pearlite structure, which is a band-like structure having a high crack propagation rate, is suppressed. The bainite (structure) has an effect of lowering the crack propagation rate as the area ratio is higher in a range where the area ratio of retained austenite (structure) is not reduced. Note that a structure in which ferrite and bainite in a steel material are mixed is called a ferrite-bainite structure, but the ferrite-bainite structure is a dispersed structure. Further, when the area ratio of bainite is 50% or more, pearlite (structure) is not observed.
[0037]
The area ratio of bainite is obtained by etching with 3% nital, photographing a field of view of 5 square mm or more at 100x magnification, sorting the structure by visual inspection of the photograph, and calculating the area ratio of bainite relative to the entire structure by image processing, etc. To do.
[0038]
Next, the manufacturing method of the steel material of this invention is described.
[0039]
The steel sheet of the present invention was obtained by casting a molten steel whose components were adjusted to the above composition by a normal melting method (converter method, electric furnace method, etc.) by a normal casting method (continuous casting method, ingot forming method). In the manufacturing process of hot-rolling a slab material into a steel material of a predetermined size, (A) controlling rolling conditions and cooling conditions after rolling to a specific range, or (B) regardless of the presence or absence of the control. By subjecting the steel material after rolling to heat treatment under specific conditions, 2-30% of retained austenite can be included in the structure. In addition, although hot forging may be used instead of hot rolling, it is preferable to perform hot rolling in terms of productivity.
[0040]
As the method (A), a steel slab having the above composition is heated to a temperature of 1000 to 1300 ° C. and then rolled, and after completion of the rolling at a temperature of 700 to 950 ° C., a cooling rate of 5 to 70 ° C./s. Cool to a temperature below 500 ° C.
[0041]
If the slab heating temperature is less than 1000 ° C, austenitization is insufficient, while if it exceeds 1300 ° C, the crystal grains become coarse and the toughness may deteriorate, so it should be 1000-1300 ° C. preferable.
[0042]
If the rolling end temperature is less than 700 ° C, strain may be excessively introduced and the toughness may be deteriorated.On the other hand, if it exceeds 950 ° C, the crystal grains become coarse and the toughness may be deteriorated. 950 ° C is preferred.
[0043]
Regarding the cooling conditions after rolling, by cooling to a temperature of 500 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 5 to 70 ° C./s, the effect of reducing the fatigue crack propagation rate as a structure containing 2 to 30% of retained austenite by area ratio Is definitely obtained.
[0044]
When the cooling rate exceeds 70 ° C./s, the strength is excessive when the cooling stop temperature is less than 200 ° C. Therefore, the cooling stop temperature should be 200 ° C. or higher. In this case, the cooling from the stop temperature to room temperature may be cooling or slow cooling (cooling at a cooling rate slower than that of cooling).
[0045]
In the method (B), the steel material having the above composition is reheated to a temperature of 700 to 900 ° C., held at the temperature for 3600 seconds or less, then cooled to a temperature of 350 to 500 ° C. and kept at the temperature for 60 seconds. A method of holding for the above and then cooling is preferable.
[0046]
If the reheating temperature is less than 700 ° C., it does not reach the two-phase region, and the effect of austemper is difficult to obtain. On the other hand, if it exceeds 900 ° C., the crystal grains become coarse, so 700-900 ° C. With respect to the holding time at the reheating temperature, if it exceeds 3600 seconds, the particle size becomes large and the toughness deteriorates. The lower limit is preferably 600 seconds from the viewpoint of homogenization.
[0047]
When the holding temperature during the cooling (referred to as austempering temperature) is less than 350 ° C. and more than 500 ° C., the amount of retained austenite is not sufficient, so it is set to 350 to 500 ° C. With respect to the holding time at the austempering temperature, if it is less than 60 seconds, the carbon cannot be sufficiently diffused and the concentration becomes insufficient and the retained austenite cannot be produced sufficiently. The upper limit is preferably 1800 seconds from the viewpoint of preventing decarburization.
[0048]
For cooling from the completion of holding at the reheating temperature to the start of holding at the austempering temperature, if the cooling rate is too slow, pearlite will precipitate and residual austenite will decrease, and the area ratio of the bainite structure will be less than 50%. Therefore, the cooling rate is preferably 5 ° C./s or more. The cooling after completion of the holding at the austempering temperature may be allowed to cool.
[0049]
In the present invention, the steel material produced by any one of the methods (A) and (B) may be tempered in a temperature range of 300 to 550 ° C. in order to further improve toughness. .
[0050]
【Example】
The steel slab having the composition shown in Table 1 was heated, rolled, cooled, or further heat treated under the conditions shown in Table 2, and the obtained steel material was subjected to a fatigue crack propagation test in accordance with ASTM E647, and ΔK ( the fatigue crack propagation rate in the high ΔK region of the stress variation range of magnification factor) = 500 ~1500N / mm -3/2 were measured. In this test, CT test pieces collected from each steel material were set in a hydraulic servo tester, and the tester was operated under the conditions of stress ratio R = 0.05, frequency f = 15 Hz, test temperature T = room temperature.
[0051]
Table 2 shows the measurement results of the fatigue crack propagation rate. In the example of the present invention, the fatigue crack propagation rate is 5.0 × 10 −5 mm / cycle by making the area ratio 2 to 30% of retained austenite, and by setting the area ratio of the bainite structure to 50% or more. Excellent fatigue crack propagation characteristics were exhibited as follows.
[0052]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004806887
[0053]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004806887
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a steel material having excellent fatigue crack propagation characteristics that can effectively reduce the fatigue crack propagation speed in a high ΔK region regardless of the crack propagation direction and can increase the strength without deterioration in toughness. As a result, the fatigue life of a steel structure subjected to repeated loads such as a hull, an offshore structure, and a civil engineering structure can be advantageously improved.

Claims (5)

質量%で、C:0.01〜0.40%、Si:0.10〜0.40%、Mn:0.4 〜3.0 %、P:0.05%以下、S:0.05%以下、Al:0.3 〜2.0 %、N:0.015 %以下を含有し残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有し、かつ残留オーステナイトを面積率で2〜30%含み、ベイナイトを面積率で50%以上含む組織を有することを特徴とする疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた厚鋼板。  In mass%, C: 0.01 to 0.40%, Si: 0.10 to 0.40%, Mn: 0.4 to 3.0%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.05% or less, Al: 0.3 to 2.0%, N: 0.015% or less Fatigue crack propagation characteristics characterized by having a composition comprising the remaining Fe and unavoidable impurities, having a structure containing 2-30% residual austenite and an area ratio of bainite of 50% or more Excellent steel plate. 前記組成がさらに、質量%で、Cu:0.1 〜1.5 %、Ni:0.1 〜5.0 %、Cr:0.1 〜1.5 %、Mo:0.05〜0.50%、Nb:0.005 〜0.10%、V:0.005 〜0.10%、Ti:0.005 〜0.25%のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた厚鋼板。  The composition is further in mass%, Cu: 0.1 to 1.5%, Ni: 0.1 to 5.0%, Cr: 0.1 to 1.5%, Mo: 0.05 to 0.50%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.10%, V: 0.005 to 0.10% The thick steel plate having excellent fatigue crack propagation characteristics according to claim 1, comprising one or more selected from Ti: 0.005 to 0.25%. 質量%で、C:0.01〜0.40%、Si:0.10〜0.40%、Mn:0.4 〜3.0 %、P:0.05%以下、S:0.05%以下、Al:0.3 〜2.0 %、N:0.015 %以下を含有し残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有する鋳片素材を、
1000〜1300℃の温度に加熱後圧延し、該圧延を700 〜950 ℃の温度で終了後、5〜70℃/sの冷却速度で500 ℃以下の温度まで冷却することを特徴とする疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた厚鋼板の製造方法。
In mass%, C: 0.01 to 0.40%, Si: 0.10 to 0.40%, Mn: 0.4 to 3.0%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.05% or less, Al: 0.3 to 2.0%, N: 0.015% or less the Ihenmoto material having a composition the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities contain,
Rolling after heating to a temperature of 1000 to 1300 ° C., finishing the rolling at a temperature of 700 to 950 ° C., and then cooling to a temperature of 500 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 5 to 70 ° C./s. A method for producing thick steel plates with excellent crack propagation characteristics.
質量%で、C:0.01〜0.40%、Si:0.10〜0.40%、Mn:0.4 〜3.0 %、P:0.05%以下、S:0.05%以下、Al:0.3 〜2.0 %、N:0.015 %以下を含有し残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有する厚鋼板を、
700 〜900 ℃の温度に再加熱して該温度に600 秒以上3600秒以下保持後、350 〜500 ℃の温度まで冷却して該温度に60秒以上保持し、以後冷却することを特徴とする疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた厚鋼板の製造方法。
In mass%, C: 0.01 to 0.40%, Si: 0.10 to 0.40%, Mn: 0.4 to 3.0%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.05% or less, Al: 0.3 to 2.0%, N: 0.015% or less A thick steel plate having a composition comprising the remaining Fe and unavoidable impurities ,
It is reheated to a temperature of 700 to 900 ° C., held at the temperature for 600 seconds to 3600 seconds, cooled to a temperature of 350 to 500 ° C., held at the temperature for 60 seconds, and then cooled. A method of manufacturing thick steel plates with excellent fatigue crack propagation characteristics.
前記組成がさらに、
質量%で、Cu:0.1 〜1.5 %、Ni:0.1 〜5.0 %、Cr:0.1 〜1.5 %、Mo:0.05〜0.50%、Nb:0.005 〜0.10%、V:0.005 〜0.10%、Ti:0.005 〜0.25%のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を含有する組成を有することを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の疲労き裂伝播特性に優れた厚鋼板の製造方法。
The composition further comprises
In mass%, Cu: 0.1 to 1.5%, Ni: 0.1 to 5.0%, Cr: 0.1 to 1.5%, Mo: 0.05 to 0.50%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.10%, V: 0.005 to 0.10%, Ti: 0.005 to 5. The method for producing a thick steel plate having excellent fatigue crack propagation characteristics according to claim 3, which has a composition containing one or more selected from 0.25%.
JP2003173356A 2002-06-18 2003-06-18 Steel material excellent in fatigue crack propagation characteristics and method for producing the same Expired - Lifetime JP4806887B2 (en)

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