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JP4809986B2 - Method for removing phosphate ions in water - Google Patents
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JP4809986B2 - Method for removing phosphate ions in water - Google Patents

Method for removing phosphate ions in water Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4809986B2
JP4809986B2 JP2001069600A JP2001069600A JP4809986B2 JP 4809986 B2 JP4809986 B2 JP 4809986B2 JP 2001069600 A JP2001069600 A JP 2001069600A JP 2001069600 A JP2001069600 A JP 2001069600A JP 4809986 B2 JP4809986 B2 JP 4809986B2
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Prior art keywords
activated alumina
aluminum sulfate
water
particles
alumina particles
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JP2001069600A
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JP2002263636A (en
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俊夫 蘆谷
啓和 高梨
忠 羽野
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for removing a phosphoric acid ion in water efficiently at a low cost. SOLUTION: This method for removing the phosphoric acid ion in water is carried out by using an adsorbing material being a particle of activated alumina deposited with aluminum sulfate so that the deposited aluminum sulfate has the concentration distribution uniform from the surface to the inside and adjusting the pH of the water to 5-8 before the adsorbing material is brought into contact with the water.

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、水中燐酸イオンの除去方法に関する。更に詳細には、活性アルミナ粒子を吸着材として使用する水中燐酸イオンの除去方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年の都市化や産業活動の活発化により、水質汚染が問題となっている。特に、燐は、湖沼や閉鎖性海域での富栄養化の主要因と重要視され、富栄養化によるアオコや赤潮の発生等に伴う被害が毎年のように生じている。この対策として、燐に関する環境基準や排出基準が厳しくなっており、安価で効率的な燐の除去剤や除去方法が望まれている。
【0003】
燐酸イオン態の燐の除去方法の1つとして、活性アルミナ粒子による吸着法が注目されている。安価で大量供給が可能なバイヤー法由来の活性アルミナ粒子は、微量のNa2 Oを不純物として含有するため、水中でアルカリ性を示す。そのため、活性アルミナ粒子表面の酸素が水酸化イオンを吸着して負に荷電すると、活性アルミナ粒子の燐酸イオンに対する吸着容量が低下する。これを改善するため、前記活性アルミナ粒子に酸成分を被着させて燐酸イオンに対する活性アルミナ粒子の吸着容量を向上させる試みがなされている。
【0004】
特開昭61−64388号広報並びに浦野紘平、亀屋隆志、高梨啓和等[月間地球環境 p56−59No.10(1998)及び第33回日本水環境学会年会講演集P50−51(1999)]は、活性アルミナ粒子に硫酸アルミニウムを被着させると燐酸イオンに対する吸着容量が顕著に向上することを報告している。
【0005】
浦野と立川[用水と廃水Vol.29No.5 p3−12(1987)]によれば、硫酸アルミニウム被着活性アルミナ粒子の燐酸イオン吸着機構は、アルミナ表面のOH基及び硫酸基と燐酸イオンとのイオン交換反応である。
【0006】
Al23 ・3H2 O+2H2 PO4 - →2AlPO4 +2OH- +4H2 O(水和したアルミナ表面)
Al4 (OH)6 (SO43 +4H2 PO4 - →4AlPO4 +3SO4 2-+2H+ +6H2 O(アルミナ表面に被着した硫酸アルミニウム)
前記硫酸アルミニウム被着活性アルミナ粒子を水中燐酸イオンの吸着除去に適用するに際しては、燐酸イオンに対する吸着容量及び吸着速度が水処理費に大きな影響を与える重要因子である。
【0007】
公知の硫酸アルミニウムの被着方法は、成形した活性アルミナ粒子を硫酸アルミニウム溶液に浸漬し、粒子内部に酸成分を浸透拡散させることにより被着させる方法(以下、浸漬法と記す)であり、被着による細孔容積の減少や粒子表面の細孔の閉塞が生じる。得られた粒子は、酸成分の粒子内濃度分布が不均一となって、粒子表面が高く粒子内部が低いM型分布になる。
【0008】
浦野と立川[Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,Vol.30 1893−1896(1991)]によれば、硫酸アルミニウム被着量を増加させると粒子の細孔容積が減少(有効吸着面積の減少)するため、酸被着量が活性アルミナ1g当たり0.2mmolに達すると吸着容量は上限に達し、0.6mmol以上になると吸着容量が減少する。すなわち、0.2mmol/gを超えて硫酸アルミニウム被着させても吸着容量が増加せず、細孔容積の減少が生じるので、吸着速度を向上させることが困難であるという問題があった。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明の目的は、コストが低く、水中の燐酸イオンを効率的に除去する方法を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、再水和性を有する粉末活性アルミナに硫酸アルミニウム溶液を添加して成形するという酸処理操作と成形操作との一体化により、燐酸イオンに対する吸着性能が向上した活性アルミナ粒子が得られることを発見し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0011】
すなわち、本発明は、吸着材を用いて水中の燐酸イオンを除去する方法において、前記吸着材は硫酸アルミニウムを粒子の表面から内部に至るまで均一な濃度分布となるように被着させた活性アルミナ粒子であり、前記吸着材をpH5〜8に調整した水と接触させることを特徴とする水中の燐酸イオンの除去方法に関する。
【0012】
本発明の除去方法に用いられる吸着材は、硫酸アルミニウムを粒子の表面から内部に至るまで均一な濃度分布となるように被着させた活性アルミナ粒子である。
【0013】
ここで、「粒子の表面から内部に至るまで均一な濃度分布となるように被着させた」とは、硫酸アルミニウムを被着させた活性アルミナ粒子の表面から内部まで硫黄濃度を測定し、硫黄濃度分布が均一であることを指標にする。硫黄濃度は、例えば実施例に記載のように測定することができ、硫黄濃度分布が均一であることは、例えば図1に記載のような方形型分布により示される。
【0014】
前記活性アルミナ粒子の粒子径は特に制限がないが、粒子径を小さくすると吸着速度が速くなる利点並びに活性アルミナ粒子を固定床に充填して用いた場合、固定床の通水抵抗が高くなる欠点及び原水中の濁質により固定床の目詰まりが生じ易くなるという欠点などが現れるので、吸着材用途に応じて利害得失を勘案し、適した粒子径を選ぶ。活性アルミナ粒子は、通常、平均粒子径0.3mm〜8mmの球状であることが好ましく、0.5m〜2mmの球状であることがより好ましい。
【0015】
また、前記活性アルミナ粒子において、水銀圧入法で測定した細孔半径1.8nm〜100μm間の粒子の細孔容積は、燐酸イオンの吸着性能を高めるという観点から、0.15cm3 /g以上であることが好ましく、0.2cm3 /g以上がより好ましい。
【0016】
前記水銀圧入法による測定方法は、実施例に記載されている。
【0017】
さらに、前記活性アルミナ粒子において、硫黄含有量は、1.9重量%以上であることが好ましく、2.5重量%〜4重量%であることがより好ましい。
【0018】
本発明の燐酸イオンの除去方法は、前記活性アルミナ粒子を吸着材として使用し、該吸着材をpH5〜8に調整した水と接触させることを特徴とする。本発明における活性アルミナ粒子の燐酸イオン吸着機構は、アルミナ表面のOH基及び硫酸基と燐酸イオンとのイオン交換反応であると考えられ、活性アルミナの燐酸イオン等に対する吸着容量はpH4〜6の時が最大となる。また、燐酸イオンの吸着を妨害する原水中の炭酸イオン、珪酸イオンの影響はpHを7以下に調整することにより妨害を小さくできる。さらに、水質基準が設定されている場合には、処理水のpHを基準内に設定することが好ましい。これらの要素を考慮するとpH5〜8、好ましくはpH5.5〜7に調整した水と接触させる。
【0019】
[作用効果]
本発明の燐酸イオンの除去方法によると、硫酸アルミニウムが粒子の表面から内部まで均一に被着して細孔容積の減少や粒子表面の細孔閉塞がほとんどない活性アルミナ粒子を吸着材として用いることにより、水中の燐酸イオンを効率的に除去することができる。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を実施する際の詳細条件を説明する。
【0021】
本発明の燐酸イオンの除去方法に用いられる吸着材は以下のようにして製造することができる。すなわち、再水和性を有する粉末活性アルミナに硫酸アルミニウム溶液を添加し、続いて活性アルミナ粒子に成形するという酸処理と粒子成形を同一工程で行う。
【0022】
前記再水和性を有する粉末活性アルミナとは、バイヤー法から得られた活性アルミナ又は市販の粉末水酸化アルミニウムを仮焼したものをいう。
【0023】
仮焼は、例えば、粉末水酸化アルミニウムを約500℃〜約700℃の熱ガス中に投入し、瞬間的に活性アルミナへ相転移させた後、回収する方法で行うことができる。
【0024】
前記再水和性を有する粉末活性アルミナの平均粒子径は、特に制限されるものではないが、造粒の容易さという観点から0.3〜200μmが好ましく、1〜20μmがより好ましい。平均粒子径を所望の範囲にするために、仮焼後の活性アルミナを粉砕してもよい。
【0025】
前記酸処理と粒子成形を同一工程で行う方法は、後述のように通常の造粒機を用いて行うことができる。本発明においては、再水和性を有する粉末状の活性アルミナが硫酸アルミニウム溶液により再水和して硬化することを利用する。すなわち、粉末活性アルミナと硫酸アルミニウム溶液との量比を、硫酸アルミニウム溶液の蒸発乾涸を必要とせず、混練後そのまま造粒ができるような範囲とする。
【0026】
所定重量比の再水和性を有する粉末活性アルミナと硫酸アルミニウム溶液とを造粒機に仕込み、常法で造粒して活性アルミナ粒子に成形する。造粒時に硫酸アルミニウム溶液と再水和性を有する粉末活性アルミナが均一に混合するように、造粒操作を行う。造粒機の機種は特に制限を設けないが、球状の成形粒子を安価に製造したい場合は皿型造粒機又は撹拌造粒機が好ましい。
【0027】
撹拌造粒機のように一挙に粒子形成が行われるタイプの造粒機では、造粒機に仕込んだ硫酸アルミニウム溶液と再水和性を有する粉末活性アルミナを低速撹拌で数分間混錬して両者を均一に混合し、かつ粉末微粒子に酸成分を被着させた後、撹拌速度を変化させて所定径の粒子に一挙に造粒するという手法を用いるのが好ましい。
【0028】
皿型造粒機のように核の表面に順次成形層を積み重ねて粒子を徐々に成長させるタイプの造粒機では、所定重量比の再水和性を有する粉末活性アルミナと硫酸アルミニウム溶液とを造粒機に同時供給し、粉末活性アルミナに酸成分を被着させる操作と造粒操作を同時に行わせる。粉末と酸溶液の同時供給により核表面に形成される成形層の酸成分濃度は、皿型造粒期間中のどの時点でも同じとなり、方形の粒子内濃度分布を示す酸成分被着活性アルミナ粒子が得られる。
【0029】
粉末活性アルミナ単位重量当たりに被着する硫酸アルミニウム量は、得られる活性アルミナ粒子の硫黄含有量が1. 9重量%以上となる量に設定する。
【0030】
再水和性を有する粉末活性アルミナと硫酸アルミニウム溶液との重量比は、造粒成形が容易に行える重量比の範囲を選ぶ必要がある。
【0031】
造粒に適する前記重量比は、通常の場合、粉末重量100部に対し硫酸アルミニウム溶液重量30〜80部の範囲である。
【0032】
造粒機に仕込む際の硫酸アルミニウム溶液の濃度は、活性アルミナ粉末単位重量当たりに被着する酸成分量の設定値と、造粒成形が容易に行える活性アルミナ粉末重量/硫酸アルミニウム溶液重量比の範囲から計算で求める。
【0033】
本発明においては、粉末活性アルミナは硫酸アルミニウム溶液と再水和反応して硬化するので成形用のバインダーを特に必要としない。粒子の強度を更に高くしたい場合は、有機又は無機のバインダー又は無機繊維体等を添加してもよい。
【0034】
本発明における酸成分被着量の定量的制御は、硫酸アルミニウム溶液量を粉末活性アルミナの吸水率の範囲内に設定し、仕込んだ酸成分を全量被着させることにより行う。蒸発乾涸操作を要する浸漬法と比較して、定量的制御が容易である。また、活性アルミナ粒子のBET比表面積の低下という問題も生じない。
【0035】
このようにして得られた活性アルミナ粒子は、加熱乾燥をしない状態でも粒子は濡れておらず、外観は乾燥品と同等である。
【0036】
成形した粒子の耐圧強度を向上させる目的で、加熱熟成工程を付加して再水和反応を完結させたり、焼成工程を付加することもできる。
【0037】
多孔質の成形粒子を得る目的で、粒度分布の狭い粒の揃った再水和性を有する粉末活性アルミナを原料として用いたり、成形時に気孔材を添加することもできる。したがって、成形条件を最適化すれば浸漬法より大きい細孔容積が得られる。
【0038】
水中燐酸イオンを除去するに際しては、pHを調整した水と硫酸アルミニウムを被着した活性アルミナ粒子を接触させる。接触方法としては特に制限されないが、前記活性アルミナ粒子を固定床に充填し、この固定床にpH5〜8に調整した燐酸イオンを含有する原水を通水して接触させる方法が推奨される。
【0039】
【実施例】
以下実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はかかる実施例によりその範囲を制限されるものではない。
【0040】
[実施例]
(1)再水和性粉末活性アルミナの調製
バイヤー法により得られたNa2 O含有量0.16重量%のギブサイト(アルミナ3水和物)を、約700℃の熱ガス中に投入して瞬間仮焼した。その結果、灼熱減量は5%、平均粒子径15μmの主としてχ及びρの結晶形態よりなる再水和性粉末アルミナを得た。
【0041】
(2)硫酸アルミニウム被着球状活性アルミナ粒子の調製
前記(1)で得た再水和性粉末活性アルミナを撹拌造粒機(カワタ製スーパーミキサー20L−TO−75型)に仕込み、前記粉末活性アルミナ1g当たり0.3mmolに相当する硫酸アルミニウム溶液を添加した後、低速撹拌(180rpm)を行って、粉末活性アルミナと硫酸アルミニウム溶液を均一に混錬してから撹拌速度を高速に変えて造粒し(360〜1050rpm)、球状粒子に成形した。
【0042】
次に、撹拌造粒機から球状粒子を取出し、8mesh及び14meshの篩で篩別し、直径1〜2mmの球状粒子を得た。次いで、前記球状粒子を105℃で4時間加熱して再水和せしめ、平均粒子径1.8mmの硫酸アルミニウム被着活性アルミナ粒子を得た。
【0043】
得られた活性アルミナ粒子の物性を、表1に示す。
【0044】
BET比表面積(BET・Sw)は、直読式比表面積測定装置(カンタクローム製モノソーブ)を用い、窒素吸着法により測定した。
【0045】
硫黄含有量は、後述の粒子内硫黄濃度分布の結果から求めた。
【0046】
細孔容積は、水銀圧入式細孔計(マイクロメトリックス製オートポア・III 9420)を用いて測定した。
【0047】
(3)粒子内硫黄濃度分布の測定
前記(2)で得られた活性アルミナ粒子の被着硫酸アルミニウムの粒子内濃度分布は、粒子内の硫黄元素の濃度分布を測定することにより調べた。
【0048】
すなわち、前記活性アルミナ粒子を樹脂に埋め込み、1500番のサンドペーパーで乾式研磨して粒子断面を露出させ、線分析用試料を作成した。波長分散型電子線マイクロアナライザー(島津製EPM−810、PET分光結晶使用)の電子線を、加速電圧20KV,吸収電流0.05μA、ビーム径100μmφの条件で前記試料の粒子断面端部から中心部を経て他端部まで照射し、硫黄濃度の線分析を行った。
【0049】
得られた結果を図1に示す。硫酸アルミニウム被着活性アルミナ粒子の硫黄濃度分布は、粒子表面から粒子中心部まで濃度の均一な方形型分布であった。
【0050】
(4)燐酸イオン吸着速度の測定
回分式振とう実験による水中燐酸イオン吸着速度の測定を行った。2L三角フラスコに、pH7に調整した燐濃度0.50mg/lの燐酸水溶液1Lと前記(2)で得られた硫酸アルミニウム被着活性アルミナ粒子(有姿品)0.25gを入れ、25℃の恒温振とう器内で所定時間(24〜246時間)振とうした。次いで、吸着処理液を0.45μmメンブレンフィルターで濾過し、濾液の燐濃度をJIS K 0102モリブデンブルー吸光光度法により分析した。各吸着時間に対応する液中燐濃度の値を表1に示す。
【0051】
(5)平衡燐吸着量の測定
前記(2)で得られた硫酸アルミニウム被着活性アルミナ粒子を粉砕し、80mesh(0.18mm)以下に篩い、イオン交換水で白濁しなくなるまで洗浄して微粉を除いた後、105℃で恒量化するまで乾燥して平衡燐吸着用試料を調製した。300ml三角フラスコに、pH7に調整した所定濃度の燐酸水溶液100mlと所定量の試料(−80mesh試料)を入れ、25℃の恒温振とう器内で168時間振とうして吸着平衡とした。吸着終了液を0.45μmメンブレンフィルターで濾過し、濾液の燐濃度をJIS K 0102モリブデンブルー吸光光度法により分析して平衡吸着量を算出した。
【0052】
平衡濃度と平衡吸着量のグラフを作成し、平衡燐濃度1mg/lに対応する平衡吸着量をグラフより求めた結果を表1に示す。
【0053】
[比較例]
(6)浸漬法による硫酸アルミニウム被着球状活性アルミナ粒子の調製
バイヤー法由来の市販球状活性アルミナ粒子(住友化学工業株式会社製、KHD−12:平均粒子径は1.8mm、Na2 O含有量は0.26%、、BET比表面積は270m2 /g、細孔容積は0.37cm3 /g)に、活性アルミナ1g当たりの硫酸アルミニウム被着量が0.23mmolとなるように硫酸アルミニウム被着を行い、M型分布の試料を調製した。
【0054】
すなわち、KHD−12の粒子300gを樹脂製網に入れ、pH2の硫酸2500gを張った酸浸漬槽中に浸潰し、液を撹拌させながら2時間接触させた後、槽から球状活性アルミナ粒子の入った樹脂製網を引上げた。次いで、酸浸漬槽中の硫酸を排出し、濃度0.14mol/lの硫酸アルミニウム溶液500mlに入れ替えた。前記硫酸アルミニウム溶液の入った槽中に、前記球状活性アルミナ粒子入りの樹脂製網を入れ、液を撹拌させながら25℃で24時間接触させた後、槽から樹脂製網を引上げて液切りした。球状活性アルミナ粒子を乾燥機に入れ、110℃で約1日乾燥し、硫酸アルミニウム被着球状活性アルミナ粒子337gを得た。
【0055】
前記浸漬法による硫酸アルミニウム被着活性アルミナ粒子の物性を表1に示す。各測定値は、実施例と同様に測定した値である。
【0056】
粒子内の硫黄濃度分布を実施例と同様の方法で測定し、結果を図1に示す。粒子内硫黄濃度分布は、粒子表面が高く粒子中心部が低いM形分布であった。
【0057】
また、実施例と同様の方法で燐酸イオン吸着速度と平衡燐吸着量を測定した結果を表1に示す。
【0058】
【表1】

Figure 0004809986
表1より、実施例で得られた硫酸アルミニウム被着球状活性アルミナ粒子(実施例品)は、硫黄含有量が仕込み硫黄量にほぼ等しい0.29mmolの硫酸アルミニウムに該当する値(2.9%)を示した。一方、比較例で得られた硫酸アルミニウム被着球状活性アルミナ粒子(比較例品)は、実施例品よりも硫酸アルミニウムの被着量が23%少なかった。また、実施例品は、BET比表面積や細孔容積も比較例品より大きい値を示した。燐酸イオンの吸着速度については、実施例品は比較例品よりも大きい吸着速度を示し、平衡吸着量については同等以上であった。
【0059】
実施例品を用いる本発明の水中燐酸イオンの除去方法は、比較例品を用いる従来法よりも燐酸イオンに対する吸着速度が速く且つ平衡吸着量も同等以上であるので、水中の燐を効率的に除去することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】硫酸アルミニウム被着活性アルミナ粒子断面の硫黄濃度分布を示すグラフ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for removing phosphate ions in water. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for removing phosphate ions in water using activated alumina particles as an adsorbent.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Water pollution has become a problem due to recent urbanization and industrial activity. In particular, phosphorus is regarded as a major factor in eutrophication in lakes and closed waters, and damage caused by eutrophication such as blue-green and red tides occurs every year. As measures against this, environmental standards and emission standards regarding phosphorus are becoming stricter, and inexpensive and efficient phosphorus removal agents and removal methods are desired.
[0003]
As one method for removing phosphate ion-type phosphorus, an adsorption method using activated alumina particles has attracted attention. The activated alumina particles derived from the Bayer method, which are inexpensive and can be supplied in large quantities, are alkaline in water since they contain a trace amount of Na 2 O as an impurity. Therefore, when oxygen on the surface of the activated alumina particles adsorbs hydroxide ions and is negatively charged, the adsorption capacity of activated alumina particles for phosphate ions decreases. In order to improve this, an attempt has been made to improve the adsorption capacity of the activated alumina particles with respect to phosphate ions by depositing an acid component on the activated alumina particles.
[0004]
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 61-64388, Kohei Urano, Takashi Kameya, Keikazu Takanashi, etc. [Monthly Global Environment p56-59 No. 10 (1998) and the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Society on Water Environment P50-51 (1999)] report that the adsorption capacity for phosphate ions is significantly improved when aluminum sulfate is deposited on activated alumina particles. ing.
[0005]
Urano and Tachikawa [Water and Wastewater Vol. 29No. 5 p3-12 (1987)], the phosphate ion adsorption mechanism of the aluminum sulfate-coated active alumina particles is an ion exchange reaction between OH groups and sulfate groups on the alumina surface and phosphate ions.
[0006]
Al 2 O 3 .3H 2 O + 2H 2 PO 4 → 2AlPO 4 + 2OH + 4H 2 O (hydrated alumina surface)
Al 4 (OH) 6 (SO 4 ) 3 + 4H 2 PO 4 → 4AlPO 4 + 3SO 4 2− + 2H + + 6H 2 O (aluminum sulfate deposited on the alumina surface)
When applying the aluminum sulfate-coated activated alumina particles to the adsorption removal of phosphate ions in water, the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate for phosphate ions are important factors that greatly affect the cost of water treatment.
[0007]
A well-known method of depositing aluminum sulfate is a method in which formed activated alumina particles are immersed in an aluminum sulfate solution and an acid component is permeated and diffused inside the particles (hereinafter referred to as an immersion method). The pore volume decreases due to adhesion and the pores on the particle surface are blocked. In the obtained particles, the concentration distribution of the acid component in the particles becomes non-uniform, and the particle surface is high and the inside of the particles is low.
[0008]
Urano and Tachikawa [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , Vol. 30 1893-1896 (1991)], increasing the aluminum sulfate deposition amount decreases the pore volume of the particles (decreases the effective adsorption area), so that the acid deposition amount is 0.2 mmol per gram of activated alumina. The adsorption capacity reaches the upper limit when it reaches, and the adsorption capacity decreases when it reaches 0.6 mmol or more. That is, even when aluminum sulfate is applied in excess of 0.2 mmol / g, the adsorption capacity does not increase and the pore volume decreases, so that it is difficult to improve the adsorption rate.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently removing phosphate ions in water at a low cost.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have obtained activated alumina particles having improved adsorption performance for phosphate ions by integrating an acid treatment operation and a molding operation in which an aluminum sulfate solution is added to powder activated alumina having rehydration properties. The present invention was discovered and the present invention was completed.
[0011]
That is, the present invention relates to a method for removing phosphate ions in water using an adsorbent, wherein the adsorbent is an activated alumina in which aluminum sulfate is deposited so as to have a uniform concentration distribution from the surface to the inside of the particles. The present invention relates to a method for removing phosphate ions in water, the method comprising bringing the adsorbent into contact with water adjusted to pH 5-8.
[0012]
The adsorbent used in the removal method of the present invention is activated alumina particles on which aluminum sulfate is deposited so as to have a uniform concentration distribution from the surface to the inside of the particles.
[0013]
Here, “deposited so as to obtain a uniform concentration distribution from the surface to the inside of the particle” means that the sulfur concentration was measured from the surface to the inside of the activated alumina particles on which aluminum sulfate was deposited, An indicator is that the concentration distribution is uniform. The sulfur concentration can be measured, for example, as described in the Examples, and the fact that the sulfur concentration distribution is uniform is indicated by, for example, a rectangular distribution as shown in FIG.
[0014]
The particle diameter of the activated alumina particles is not particularly limited, but the advantage that the adsorption speed is increased when the particle diameter is reduced and the water flow resistance of the fixed bed is increased when the activated alumina particles are filled in the fixed bed. In addition, since the turbidity in the raw water tends to cause clogging of the fixed bed, the appropriate particle size is selected in consideration of the advantages and disadvantages according to the use of the adsorbent. In general, the activated alumina particles are preferably spherical with an average particle diameter of 0.3 mm to 8 mm, more preferably spherical with a diameter of 0.5 m to 2 mm.
[0015]
Moreover, in the activated alumina particles, the pore volume of the particles having a pore radius of 1.8 nm to 100 μm measured by mercury porosimetry is 0.15 cm 3 / g or more from the viewpoint of enhancing the adsorption performance of phosphate ions. It is preferable that it is 0.2 cm 3 / g or more.
[0016]
The measuring method by the mercury intrusion method is described in Examples.
[0017]
Furthermore, in the activated alumina particles, the sulfur content is preferably 1.9% by weight or more, more preferably 2.5% by weight to 4% by weight.
[0018]
The method for removing phosphate ions of the present invention is characterized in that the activated alumina particles are used as an adsorbent, and the adsorbent is brought into contact with water adjusted to pH 5-8. The phosphate ion adsorption mechanism of the activated alumina particles in the present invention is considered to be an ion exchange reaction between OH groups and sulfate groups on the alumina surface and phosphate ions, and the adsorption capacity of activated alumina for phosphate ions and the like is pH 4-6. Is the maximum. Further, the influence of carbonate ions and silicate ions in the raw water that hinders the adsorption of phosphate ions can be reduced by adjusting the pH to 7 or less. Furthermore, when the water quality standard is set, it is preferable to set the pH of the treated water within the standard. In consideration of these factors, it is brought into contact with water adjusted to pH 5-8, preferably pH 5.5-7.
[0019]
[Function and effect]
According to the phosphate ion removal method of the present invention, activated alumina particles are used as an adsorbent, in which aluminum sulfate is uniformly deposited from the surface to the inside of the particles, and there is almost no reduction in pore volume or pore clogging on the particle surface. Thus, phosphate ions in water can be efficiently removed.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, detailed conditions for carrying out the present invention will be described.
[0021]
The adsorbent used in the method for removing phosphate ions of the present invention can be produced as follows. That is, the acid treatment and the particle forming are performed in the same step by adding an aluminum sulfate solution to powdered active alumina having rehydration properties and subsequently forming into active alumina particles.
[0022]
The powder activated alumina having rehydratability means a product obtained by calcining activated alumina obtained from the Bayer method or commercially available powdered aluminum hydroxide.
[0023]
The calcination can be performed by, for example, a method in which powdered aluminum hydroxide is put into a hot gas at about 500 ° C. to about 700 ° C., and the phase is instantaneously changed to activated alumina and then recovered.
[0024]
The average particle diameter of the powdered activated alumina having rehydratability is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 to 200 μm, more preferably 1 to 20 μm from the viewpoint of easy granulation. In order to make the average particle diameter within a desired range, the activated alumina after calcination may be pulverized.
[0025]
The method for performing the acid treatment and the particle forming in the same step can be performed using a normal granulator as described later. In the present invention, it is utilized that powdered active alumina having rehydration properties is rehydrated and hardened with an aluminum sulfate solution. That is, the quantity ratio between the powder activated alumina and the aluminum sulfate solution is set to a range in which granulation can be performed as it is after kneading without requiring evaporation to dryness of the aluminum sulfate solution.
[0026]
Powder activated alumina having rehydratability with a predetermined weight ratio and an aluminum sulfate solution are charged into a granulator, granulated by a conventional method, and formed into activated alumina particles. The granulation operation is performed so that the aluminum sulfate solution and the powdered activated alumina having rehydration properties are uniformly mixed during granulation. The type of granulator is not particularly limited, but a dish granulator or a stirring granulator is preferable when it is desired to produce spherical shaped particles at a low cost.
[0027]
In the type of granulator where particles are formed all at once, such as an agitation granulator, the aluminum sulfate solution charged in the granulator and the powdered activated alumina having rehydration properties are kneaded for several minutes with low speed agitation. It is preferable to use a method in which both are uniformly mixed and an acid component is deposited on the fine powder particles, and then the agitation speed is changed to granulate particles of a predetermined diameter all at once.
[0028]
In a granulator of the type that gradually grows the particles by gradually stacking the molding layer on the surface of the core like a dish-type granulator, powder activated alumina and aluminum sulfate solution having a rehydration property of a predetermined weight ratio are added. Simultaneously supplying to the granulator, the operation of depositing the acid component on the powder activated alumina and the granulation operation are performed simultaneously. The acid component concentration of the molding layer formed on the core surface by simultaneous supply of powder and acid solution is the same at any point during the dish-type granulation period, and the acid component-deposited activated alumina particles exhibiting a rectangular intraparticle concentration distribution Is obtained.
[0029]
The amount of aluminum sulfate deposited per unit weight of the powdered activated alumina is set such that the sulfur content of the obtained activated alumina particles is 1.9% by weight or more.
[0030]
The weight ratio between the powder activated alumina having rehydratability and the aluminum sulfate solution needs to be selected within the range of the weight ratio that allows easy granulation.
[0031]
The weight ratio suitable for granulation is usually in the range of 30 to 80 parts by weight of the aluminum sulfate solution with respect to 100 parts by weight of the powder.
[0032]
The concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution at the time of charging into the granulator is the set value of the amount of the acid component deposited per unit weight of the activated alumina powder and the ratio of the weight of the activated alumina powder / the weight of the aluminum sulfate solution that enables easy granulation molding. Calculate from the range.
[0033]
In the present invention, the powdered activated alumina is cured by rehydration reaction with the aluminum sulfate solution, so that a molding binder is not particularly required. In order to further increase the strength of the particles, an organic or inorganic binder or an inorganic fiber body may be added.
[0034]
In the present invention, the amount of the acid component deposited is quantitatively controlled by setting the amount of the aluminum sulfate solution within the range of the water absorption rate of the powder activated alumina and depositing all of the charged acid component. Quantitative control is easier compared to the dipping method requiring evaporation and drying operations. Moreover, the problem of a reduction in the BET specific surface area of the activated alumina particles does not occur.
[0035]
The activated alumina particles thus obtained are not wet even when not heated and dried, and the appearance is the same as that of the dried product.
[0036]
For the purpose of improving the pressure resistance of the molded particles, a heat aging step can be added to complete the rehydration reaction, or a baking step can be added.
[0037]
For the purpose of obtaining porous molded particles, powdered active alumina having rehydration properties with a uniform particle size distribution can be used as a raw material, or a pore material can be added during molding. Therefore, if the molding conditions are optimized, a pore volume larger than the immersion method can be obtained.
[0038]
When removing the phosphate ions in water, water adjusted in pH and activated alumina particles coated with aluminum sulfate are brought into contact with each other. Although it does not restrict | limit especially as a contact method, The method which fills the said activated alumina particle | grain to a fixed bed and lets raw water containing the phosphate ion adjusted to pH 5-8 to contact with this fixed bed is made to contact.
[0039]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.
[0040]
[Example]
(1) Preparation of rehydratable powder activated alumina Gibbsite (alumina trihydrate) having a Na 2 O content of 0.16% by weight obtained by the Bayer method was put into a hot gas at about 700 ° C. It was calcined for a moment. As a result, rehydratable powdered alumina consisting mainly of χ and ρ crystal forms with a loss on ignition of 5% and an average particle size of 15 μm was obtained.
[0041]
(2) Preparation of aluminum sulfate-coated spherical activated alumina particles The rehydratable powder activated alumina obtained in (1) above was charged into a stirring granulator (Kawata Super Mixer 20L-TO-75 type), and the powder activity After adding an aluminum sulfate solution equivalent to 0.3 mmol per 1 g of alumina, the mixture is stirred at a low speed (180 rpm), and the powder activated alumina and the aluminum sulfate solution are uniformly kneaded, and then the stirring speed is changed to a high speed and granulated. (360 to 1050 rpm) and molded into spherical particles.
[0042]
Next, spherical particles were taken out from the stirring granulator and sieved with 8 mesh and 14 mesh sieves to obtain spherical particles having a diameter of 1 to 2 mm. Subsequently, the spherical particles were rehydrated by heating at 105 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain aluminum sulfate-coated activated alumina particles having an average particle diameter of 1.8 mm.
[0043]
Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained activated alumina particles.
[0044]
The BET specific surface area (BET · Sw) was measured by a nitrogen adsorption method using a direct reading specific surface area measurement device (Montasorb manufactured by Cantachrome).
[0045]
The sulfur content was determined from the results of intraparticle sulfur concentration distribution described below.
[0046]
The pore volume was measured using a mercury intrusion pore meter (Micropores Autopore III 9420).
[0047]
(3) Measurement of intra-particle sulfur concentration distribution The intra-particle concentration distribution of the deposited aluminum sulfate of the activated alumina particles obtained in the above (2) was examined by measuring the concentration distribution of sulfur element in the particles.
[0048]
That is, the activated alumina particles were embedded in a resin and dry-polished with a 1500 sandpaper to expose the cross section of the particles, thereby preparing a sample for line analysis. An electron beam of a wavelength dispersive electron beam microanalyzer (EPM-810 manufactured by Shimadzu, using PET spectral crystal) is centered from the end of the particle cross section of the sample under the conditions of an acceleration voltage of 20 KV, an absorption current of 0.05 μA, and a beam diameter of 100 μmφ. Then, the other end was irradiated to perform a line analysis of the sulfur concentration.
[0049]
The obtained results are shown in FIG. The sulfur concentration distribution of the aluminum sulfate-deposited activated alumina particles was a rectangular distribution with a uniform concentration from the particle surface to the particle center.
[0050]
(4) Measurement of phosphate ion adsorption rate The phosphate ion adsorption rate in water was measured by a batch-type shaking experiment. Into a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, 1 L of phosphoric acid aqueous solution having a phosphorous concentration of 0.50 mg / l adjusted to pH 7 and 0.25 g of aluminum sulfate-coated activated alumina particles (solid product) obtained in the above (2) were placed, The mixture was shaken for a predetermined time (24 to 246 hours) in a constant temperature shaker. Next, the adsorption treatment solution was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter, and the phosphorus concentration of the filtrate was analyzed by JIS K 0102 molybdenum blue spectrophotometry. Table 1 shows the value of phosphorus concentration in the liquid corresponding to each adsorption time.
[0051]
(5) Measurement of equilibrium phosphorus adsorption amount The aluminum sulfate-coated activated alumina particles obtained in (2) above are pulverized, sieved to 80 mesh (0.18 mm) or less, washed with ion-exchanged water until no cloudiness occurs, and fine powder Then, the sample was dried at 105 ° C. until it was constant, and an equilibrium phosphorus adsorption sample was prepared. A 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask was charged with 100 ml of a predetermined concentration phosphoric acid aqueous solution adjusted to pH 7 and a predetermined amount of sample (−80 mesh sample), and shaken for 168 hours in a constant temperature shaker at 25 ° C. to achieve adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption-terminated liquid was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter, and the phosphorus concentration of the filtrate was analyzed by JIS K 0102 molybdenum blue absorptiometry to calculate the equilibrium adsorption amount.
[0052]
Table 1 shows the results of preparing a graph of the equilibrium concentration and the equilibrium adsorption amount, and obtaining the equilibrium adsorption amount corresponding to the equilibrium phosphorus concentration of 1 mg / l from the graph.
[0053]
[Comparative example]
(6) Preparation of aluminum sulfate-coated spherical activated alumina particles by dipping method Commercially available spherical activated alumina particles derived from the Bayer method (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., KHD-12: average particle size is 1.8 mm, Na 2 O content) 0.26%, the BET specific surface area is 270 m 2 / g, the pore volume is 0.37 cm 3 / g), and the aluminum sulfate coating amount is 0.23 mmol per 1 g of activated alumina. A sample with an M-type distribution was prepared.
[0054]
That is, 300 g of KHD-12 particles were placed in a resin net, crushed in an acid immersion tank filled with 2500 g of sulfuric acid having a pH of 2, and contacted for 2 hours while stirring the liquid. Pulled up the resin net. Subsequently, the sulfuric acid in the acid immersion tank was discharged and replaced with 500 ml of an aluminum sulfate solution having a concentration of 0.14 mol / l. The resin net containing the spherical activated alumina particles was placed in the tank containing the aluminum sulfate solution, and the liquid was stirred for 24 hours at 25 ° C. Then, the resin net was pulled up from the tank and drained. . The spherical activated alumina particles were put in a dryer and dried at 110 ° C. for about 1 day to obtain 337 g of aluminum sulfate-coated spherical activated alumina particles.
[0055]
Table 1 shows the physical properties of the aluminum sulfate-coated activated alumina particles by the above immersion method. Each measured value is a value measured in the same manner as in the example.
[0056]
The sulfur concentration distribution in the particles was measured by the same method as in the example, and the results are shown in FIG. The intra-particle sulfur concentration distribution was an M-shaped distribution with a high particle surface and a low particle center.
[0057]
Table 1 shows the results of measuring the phosphate ion adsorption rate and the equilibrium phosphorus adsorption amount in the same manner as in the examples.
[0058]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004809986
From Table 1, the aluminum sulfate-coated spherical activated alumina particles obtained in the examples (example products) correspond to 0.29 mmol aluminum sulfate having a sulfur content almost equal to the charged sulfur content (2.9%). )showed that. On the other hand, the aluminum sulfate-coated spherical activated alumina particles (comparative example product) obtained in the comparative example had an aluminum sulfate deposition amount of 23% less than the example product. In addition, the example product showed a BET specific surface area and pore volume larger than the comparative example product. Regarding the adsorption rate of phosphate ions, the example product showed a higher adsorption rate than the comparative example product, and the equilibrium adsorption amount was equal or higher.
[0059]
The method for removing phosphate ions in water of the present invention using the example product has a higher adsorption rate for phosphate ions and the equivalent adsorption amount is equal to or higher than that of the conventional method using the comparative example product. Can be removed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a sulfur concentration distribution in a cross section of activated alumina particles coated with aluminum sulfate.

Claims (2)

吸着材を用いて水中の燐酸イオンを除去する方法において、前記吸着材は硫酸アルミニウムを被着させた活性アルミナ粒子であり、前記活性アルミナ粒子の一端部から対向端部まで硫黄濃度を測定した際の硫黄濃度分布が方形型分布であり、前記吸着材をpH5〜8に調整した水と接触させることを特徴とする水中の燐酸イオンの除去方法。  In the method for removing phosphate ions in water using an adsorbent, the adsorbent is activated alumina particles coated with aluminum sulfate, and when the sulfur concentration is measured from one end of the activated alumina particles to the opposite end. A method for removing phosphate ions in water, characterized in that the sulfur concentration distribution is a square distribution, and the adsorbent is brought into contact with water adjusted to pH 5-8. 前記活性アルミナが硫黄含有量1.9重量%以上である請求項1に記載の除去方法。 The removal method according to claim 1, wherein the activated alumina has a sulfur content of 1.9% by weight or more.
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