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JP4815575B2 - Method for producing composite emulsion - Google Patents
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JP4815575B2 - Method for producing composite emulsion - Google Patents

Method for producing composite emulsion Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4815575B2
JP4815575B2 JP2001287435A JP2001287435A JP4815575B2 JP 4815575 B2 JP4815575 B2 JP 4815575B2 JP 2001287435 A JP2001287435 A JP 2001287435A JP 2001287435 A JP2001287435 A JP 2001287435A JP 4815575 B2 JP4815575 B2 JP 4815575B2
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membrane
emulsion
composite emulsion
water
type composite
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JP2003095925A (en
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智明 吉野
徹 長濱
忠夫 中島
正高 清水
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Miyazaki Prefecture
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Miyazaki Prefecture
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、水中油中水型複合エマルションの製造方法に関する。より詳細には、油相粒子の粒子径が微細でしかも内水相における封入対象物質の封入率が高い水中油中水型複合エマルションの製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
水中油中水型複合エマルション(以下「W/O/W型複合エマルション」という)は、水溶性薬剤を投与対象の特定部位に集中させるために油滴として投与する場合や、同一水性相に含有させることが好ましくないか不可能である2種以上の成分(配合禁忌成分)を同一の液剤に含有させる際等に有用である。特に内服用の液剤の場合、苦味や不快味を有する水溶性薬物を内水相に封入することにより、服用可能な製剤にすることができる。
【0003】
W/O/W型複合エマルションは一般的に安定性が悪いため、その安定性が保持されやすい粘性の高いクリーム剤などでは応用されているものの、内服の液剤としての報告はされていない。
【0004】
このW/O/W型複合エマルションを注射剤、内服剤等の液剤として使用する場合、エマルションの安定性を確保するためには含有される油滴の直径はできるだけ小さいものである必要がある。また、W/O/W型複合エマルションの効率的な製造や薬剤等の効果的な投与、摂取等のためには、封入対象物質の内水相中への封入率はできるだけ高いことが好ましい。しかし、W/O/W型複合エマルションの一般的な性質として、エマルションの粒子径が小さいほど液剤中でのエマルションの安定性は高くなるが、粒子径を小さくすると内水相へ封入した薬物の封入率が低下する。
【0005】
従来、W/O/W型複合エマルションの製造方法として、攪拌による一段階乳化法や二段階乳化法が知られているが、いずれも複合エマルションの生成率が低いことや、エマルション粒子の破壊による内水相からの封入物質の漏出を生じる等の問題点があった。また、油滴粒子径が制御され、狭い粒度分布を有する微細な複合エマルションを得ることも困難であった。
【0006】
小さい油滴径のW/O/W型複合エマルションの製造については、特許第2720101号ではレシチンを使用し、油滴径1μm以下の注射用W/O/W型複合エマルションを製造しているが、乳化効率、生産性が十分なものではなかった。また乳化剤(レシチン)の風味の点より内服用の液剤とすることは難しい。
【0007】
また、W/O/W型複合エマルションの内水相に薬物を効率よく取り込ませる方法としては、特開平62−201816号、特開平5−97660号などに開示された技術があるが、これらの方法は内水相に界面活性剤を使用したり、W/O/W型複合エマルションの製造において製造される油中水型エマルションを特定の粘度に調整したりすることによりよるもので、得られるエマルションの油滴径も微細なものではない。
【0008】
微細粒子の得られる一般的な乳化法としては、回転や衝突などの高いせん断力により粒子を微細化する手法である機械的乳化法、界面張力が非常に低くなる液晶相、界面活性剤(D)相等を利用して微細粒子を得る手法である界面化学的乳化法等があるが、粒子に与えるエネルギー及び使用する界面活性剤の量が共に少なくても微細粒子の得られる乳化法として膜乳化法が挙げられる。膜乳化法は、一旦形成されたエマルションを多孔性物質等の細孔を有する材料中を通過させ、さらに粒子径の小さいエマルションを製造する方法である。
【0009】
膜乳化法としては、多孔質ガラス膜を用いたW/O/W型複合エマルションの製造方法が知られている(特許第2106958号、特許第2733729号、特許第2772860号等)。このような多孔質ガラス膜を用いた膜乳化法によれば、粒子に与えるエネルギーが少なくてすみ、均一なエマルションを作ることができ、多孔質ガラス膜の細孔径を小さいものとすれば油滴粒径の小さいW/O/W型複合エマルションを製造することができる。しかし、膜乳化により油滴粒径の小さいW/O/W型複合エマルションを製造すると十分な封入率が得られないという問題があった。また、油を連続相(水)に押し出す従来の膜乳化法では、油(W/O型エマルション)の粘性が水(W/O/W型エマルション)よりも格段に大きいため、通過速度が遅く、高圧が必要となり危険性が大きくなることや膜表面が油(分散相)に濡れやすいため、均一の粒子生成条件設定が難しくなり、生産性が劣り、長時間の使用に耐えられないなど、エマルションを製造する際の乳化効率・生産性等に問題があった。この乳化効率・生産性を改善する方法(特許第2768205号)があるが、微細なW/O/W型複合エマルションの製造に適用しようとした場合、ホモジナイザー等で予備乳化したW/O/W型複合エマルションを微細孔径を有する多孔質ガラス膜を通過させようとすると、膜表面で乳化破壊が起こり、微細なW/O/W型複合エマルションが得られない。また、より強力なせん断力により予備乳化物を微細化し、微細孔径を有する多孔質ガラス膜を通過させると、微細なW/O/W型複合エマルションは得られるが、封入率が低くなってしまう問題があった。
【0010】
上記のように、W/O/W型複合エマルションの製造において、複合エマルションの粒子径を微細化し、かつ内水相に薬物を封入した際の封入率の低下を防ぐ製造法は知られていない。また、エマルションを製造する際の乳化効率・生産性などを考慮した製造法も知られていない。
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、膜乳化の技術を利用し、油滴径が微細で、かつ封入対象物質の封入率が高いW/O/W型複合エマルションを製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するため種々検討した結果、油滴径の比較的大きいW/O/W型複合エマルションを公知の方法により形成し、これを細孔径の異なる複数の多孔質ガラス膜に、細孔径の大きいものから順次通すことにより油滴径を段階的に小さくすると、油滴径が小さく、しかも内水相の封入対象物質の封入率が高い安定なW/O/W型複合エマルションが得られることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0013】
すなわち本発明は、W/O/W型複合エマルションを、細孔径の異なる複数の多孔質ガラス膜に、細孔孔径のより大きな多孔質ガラス膜から順次通過させて、油滴径がより小さいW/O/W型複合エマルションを製造することを特徴とするW/O/W型複合エマルションの製造方法を提供する。
【0014】
上記本発明の好ましい態様においては、W/O/W型複合エマルションを最初に通過させる多孔質ガラス膜として、2μmより大きく、30μm以下の細孔径を有する多孔質ガラス膜を使用し、この多孔質ガラス膜の細孔径に対して1から100倍の平均油滴径を有するW/O/W型複合エマルションを最初の膜に通過させた後、さらに2μm以下の細孔径を有する1以上の多孔質ガラス膜を細孔径のより大きい多孔質ガラス膜から小さい膜へと順次通過させる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0016】
本発明のW/O/W型複合エマルションの製造方法においては、まず目的とする油滴径よりも大きい油滴径を有するW/O/W型複合エマルションを製造する(一次乳化)。このような目的とする油滴径よりも大きい油滴径を有するW/O/W型複合エマルションは、公知のW/O/W型複合エマルション製造法により製造することができる。
【0017】
例えば、攪拌等をしながら油相に水相を連続的に添加して油中水型エマルション(以下「W/O型エマルション」という)の形成を経てその後の相転移によりW/O/W型複合エマルションとする一段階乳化法、及び油相に内水相となる水相を添加して攪拌等することにより一旦W/O型エマルションを形成し、このW/O型エマルションを外水相に分散させW/O/W型複合エマルションとする二段階乳化法のいずれも使用できるが、エマルションが効率良く得られること、内水相と外水相を別の組成にすることができること、分散油滴の比率を調節することができること等から、本発明においては二段階乳化法が好ましい。
【0018】
乳化手段としての攪拌は、ホモミキサー、スターラー等公知の手段により行うことができるが、これらに限定されるものではなく、超音波処理等により乳化を行ってもよい。
【0019】
エマルションの形成温度は特に制限されないが、通常、W/O型エマルションの形成については50〜90℃程度、W/O/W型複合エマルションの形成については必要に応じて熱を加えることができる。
【0020】
内水相に含有させる封入対象物質としては水溶性の物質であれば特に限定されず、各種薬剤、栄養物質等、エマルションの目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。薬剤の例としては例えば、水溶性ビタミン類(アスコルビン酸等)や水溶性ミネラル類(鉄等)等が挙げられる。
【0021】
これらの封入対象物質の量は特に制限されるものではなく、目的とするエマルションの形成を妨げることなく内水相に溶解され得る量であればよい。
【0022】
油相として用いられる油は特に制限されず、エマルション製造用に従来から用いられている天然または合成の油を用いることができる。例えば動植物油、硬化動食物油、分別動食物油等の油性成分を適宜用いることができる。これらの油性成分は、目的とするエマルションに望まれる特性により、硬化あるいは分別して用いることができ、また2種以上の成分を配合して用いることもできる。また、本発明では油相に油溶性の薬剤を配合することもできる。これにより油溶性薬剤と水溶性薬剤を同時に摂取することができる製剤とすることができる。
【0023】
油相に添加する乳化剤としては、公知の親油性乳化剤を使用することができる。例えば、一般的に使用されるグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル、レシチン等を使用することができる。特に、ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステルが好ましい。さらに、これらは単独で、または2種以上を混合して用いることができる。
【0024】
これらの親油性乳化剤の添加量は、十分な乳化効果が得られる限り特に制限されないが、通常エマルション全体に対し0.01〜45重量%程度である。
【0025】
また、外水相に添加する乳化剤についても、公知の親水性乳化剤を使用することができる。例えば、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコール、レシチン、高分子乳化剤等が挙げられる。特に、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルが好ましい。
【0026】
これらの親水性乳化剤のHLB(Hydrophlic Lipophilic Balance)は8.0以上であることが好ましく、10.0以上であることがより好ましい。これらの親水性乳化剤は、所望の乳化特性に応じて単独で、または2種以上混合して用いることができる。
【0027】
これらの親水性乳化剤の添加量についても、十分な乳化効果が得られる限り特に制限されないが、通常エマルション全体に対し0.001〜10重量%程度である。
【0028】
また、必要があれば外水相に本発明の効果を損なわない成分、防腐剤、pH調整剤、矯味剤、香料などを配合できる。
【0029】
上記W/O型エマルション及びW/O/W型複合エマルションにおける水相と油相との比率(体積比率)は特に制限されるものではないが、通常はW/O型エマルションの場合、水相:油相の体積比率が0.5:99.5〜60:40程度であり、W/O/W型複合エマルションの場合は、W/O型エマルション:外水相の体積比率が0.1:99〜9:50:50程度である。
【0030】
上記のようなW/O/W型複合エマルションは具体的には例えば以下のように製造することができる。最初に、乳化剤、その他の添加剤等を添加した油相を容器に入れ、これを例えばホモミキサーのような攪拌機にセットし、攪拌しながら50〜90℃程度の温度で加熱溶解する。次に封入対象物質及び任意の添加物を含む所定量の水相を徐々に添加し、液温を50〜90℃程度で一定に維持しながら攪拌乳化し、その後20〜40℃まで冷却しながら一定時間攪拌し、W/O型エマルションを調製する。このW/O型エマルションは0.01〜0.5μm程度の平均油滴径を有するように製造されることが好ましい。さらに、任意の添加物を含む所定の外水相を上記と同様にホモミキサーのような攪拌機にセットし、50〜80℃程度の温度で攪拌しながらW/O型エマルションを徐々に添加し外水相に分散させることによりW/O/W型エマルションを調製する(一次乳化)。
【0031】
このW/O/W型エマルションは後述する多孔質ガラス膜の最初に通過させるものの細孔系の約1〜100倍程度の油滴粒子径を有するように製造されることが好ましい。またこのW/O/W型エマルションの油滴の粒径分布については、後述の多孔質ガラス膜の通過により均一なものとすることができるので比較的広い粒径分布を有していてもよい。
【0032】
本発明のW/O/W型複合エマルションの製造方法においては、上記の一次乳化により得た油滴が所望の径よりも大きいW/O/W型複合エマルションをさらに孔径の異なる複数の多孔質ガラス膜を通過させることにより膜乳化を行い、油滴径を段階的に小さくすることを特徴とする(膜乳化)。
【0033】
本発明において「孔径の異なる複数の多孔質ガラス膜を通過させる」とは、孔径の異なる少なくとも2種の多孔質ガラス膜を通過させることをいう。通過させる多孔質ガラス膜の数は2以上であれば特に限定されるものではなく、例えば3種あるいは4種の多孔質ガラス膜を用いて、膜乳化において3次膜乳化あるいは4次膜乳化まで行ってもよく、さらに多種類の多孔質ガラス膜を使用してさらに多段の膜乳化を行ってもよい。但し、製造方法の経済性、膜乳化を多段化することの効果などの点を考慮すると、好ましくは2〜5種類、さらに好ましくは2〜3種類の多孔質ガラス膜を用いて膜乳化を行う。
【0034】
複数の多孔質ガラス膜を用いて膜乳化を行う際、前記一次乳化により得られたW/O/W型複合エマルションを使用する多孔質ガラス膜の細孔径の大きい膜から小さい膜へ順次通過させる。これによりW/O/W型複合エマルション中の油滴径は段階的に小径化され、封入対象物質の高い封入率を維持したまま油滴径の小さい安定なW/O/W型複合エマルションを得ることができる。
【0035】
多孔質ガラスとは、一般にガラスからなる多孔体をいい、限定するものではないが、原料となるSiO2(ケイ砂)、H3BO3(硼酸)、Na2CO3(ソーダ灰)から通常の溶融プロセスによりNa2O-B2O3-SiO2系ガラスを作製し、これを成形した後に数百℃で熱処理を行い、ガラス内部でSiO2リッチ相とNa2O-B2O3リッチ相に数nmのスケールでスピノーダル分解による分相を生じさせ、この分相ガラスを酸溶液に浸漬し、Na2O-B2O3相のみを酸で溶出させることにより得られる、SiO2骨格を持つガラス多孔体が挙げられる。
【0036】
特に好適な多孔質ガラス膜としては、シラス多孔質ガラス(略称SPG、宮崎県工業技術センター製造)あるいはシラス多孔質ガラスをアミノシラン化、オクタデシルシリル化、トリメチルシリル化等により疎水修飾した誘導体からなるシラス多孔質ガラス膜(以下「SPG膜」という)が挙げられる。
【0037】
上記SPG膜の具体例としては、特許第1504002号に開示されたCaO−B23−SiO2−Al23系多孔質ガラス、特許第1518989号及び米国特許第4657875号に開示されたCaO−B23−SiO2−Al23−NaO2系多孔質ガラス、CaO−B23−SiO2−Al23−NaO2−MgO系多孔質ガラス、CaO−B23−SiO2−ZrO2系多孔質ガラス等からなる膜が挙げられる。また、SPG膜の平均細孔径は0.05から30μmのものが使用できる。
【0038】
これらの多孔質ガラス膜に上記で得られたW/O/W型複合エマルションを通すことにより膜乳化を行うが、この膜乳化は通常使用される膜乳化装置を用いて行うことができ、例えばエマルション容器、多孔質ガラス膜モジュール、分散相容器等で構成される膜乳化装置を用いて行うことができる。
【0039】
膜乳化における温度は特に制限されないが、必要に応じて熱を加えることができる。例えば0〜80℃程度でも可能である。このような膜乳化温度を得るための温度調節の方法も特に制限されず、例えば上記のような膜乳化装置の全体を恒温状態に保持するか、あるいはジャケット式の温度調節装置等を用いて上記温度範囲にコントロールすることができる。
【0040】
本発明においては上記のような多孔質ガラス膜を複数使用し、上記W/O/W型複合エマルションを細孔径のより大きい多孔質ガラス膜からより小さいものに順次通すことにより膜乳化を行う。この場合、各多孔質ガラス膜の細孔径は平均細孔径により比較する。
【0041】
上記一次乳化により得られたW/O/W型複合エマルションを最初に通す多多孔質ガラス膜の細孔径は、W/O/W型複合エマルションの平均油滴径の1/1〜1/100程度であることが好ましく、1/1〜1/50程度であることがより好ましい。具体的には、初段の多孔質ガラス膜の平均細孔径が2μmより大きく、30μm以下であることが好ましい。2段目以降の多孔質ガラス膜の細孔径は、通常は平均細孔径2μm以下、好ましくは0.05〜2μmの多孔質ガラス膜を使用し、具体的な平均細孔径は目的とするW/O/W型エマルションの粒径により適宜選択することができる。特に、微細かつ封入率の高いエマルションを得るには、多孔質ガラス膜を複数使用することが有効であり、これらの複数の多孔質ガラス膜は0.05〜30μmの平均細孔径を有することが好ましい。
【0042】
上記のようにして膜乳化することにより製造されたW/O/W型複合エマルションは、平均油滴径が2μm以下のW/O/W型エマルションにおいても、内水相へ封入した薬物の封入率が高く維持されている。具体的には、平均油滴径が好ましくは2μm以下、より好ましくは1μm以下であり、内水相中の封入対象物質の封入率が好ましくは70%以上、より好ましくは90%以上である。即ち、本発明の複合エマルションの製造方法は、W/O/W型複合エマルション油滴径の微細化と内水相に薬物を封入した際の高い封入率を両立し得る製造方法である。また、エマルションを製造する際の乳化効率・生産性等においても優れた製造方法でもある。
【0043】
本発明のW/O/W型複合エマルションの用途は特に限定されないが、医薬品、医薬部外品、化粧品、食品等の用途に好ましく使用できる。製品の形態としては、例えば、液剤、乳液、クリーム等とすることができる。
【0044】
【実施例】
以下に実施例をあげて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。数値の単位は特に断らない限りmgである。
【0045】
製造例1
[W/O型エマルションの調製]

Figure 0004815575
【0046】
b、cを70〜80℃に加温し、混合溶解した後、攪拌しながらaを徐々に添加し、液温を70〜80℃程度で一定に維持しながら攪拌乳化し、その後、20〜40℃まで冷却しながら一定時間攪拌し、W/O型エマルションを得た。レーザ回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置(HORIBA LA-920)によりこのW/O型エマルションの平均水滴径を測定した結果、0.25μmであった。
【0047】
[W/O/W型複合エマルションの調製]
0.5w/w%デカグリセリンモノミリステート、20w/w%砂糖を含む水溶液 180gに、マグネチックスターラーあるいはホモジナイザーで撹拌しながら上記で得られたW/O型エマルション 20gを添加し、先ず粒子径が大きく粒度分布の広い油滴径の大きいW/O/W型複合エマルションを得た。このW/O/W型複合エマルションの平均油滴径を島津レーザ回折式粒度分布測定装置(SALD-2000)により測定したところ、93.1μmであり、油滴径の分布の標準偏差は0.425であった。
【0048】
実施例1
製造例1で得たW/O/W型複合エマルションを、平均細孔径9.1μmの多孔質ガラス膜で乳化(1次膜乳化)し、次に平均細孔径0.5μmの多孔質ガラス膜で乳化(2次膜乳化)させることにより、W/O/W型複合エマルションを得た。多孔質ガラス膜としてはSPG膜を使用し、膜乳化は清本鐵工社製膜乳化装置を使用して5MPa以下の圧力で室温において行った。得られたエマルションの平均油滴径を島津レーザ回折式粒度分布測定装置(SALD-2000)により測定した結果、0.55μmであり、油滴径の分布の標準偏差は0.087であった。
【0049】
<薬物封入率の測定>
封入対象物質のW/O/W型複合エマルション中への封入率は次式により算出した。
封入率(%)=(Wi−Wo×A)/Wi×100
Wi:W/O/W型複合エマルション中の封入対象物質量
Wo:外水相中の封入対象物質量
A:外水相重量/W/O/W型複合エマルション重量
【0050】
W/O/W型複合エマルション中の封入対象物質量はエマルションについて湿式灰化法等の前処理操作を行い、また外水相に含まれる封入対象物質量は複合エマルションを遠心分離によりエマルション粒子と外水相を分離する操作を行った後に、原子吸光法により測定した。その結果、封入対象物質として測定した鉄の封入率は、78.9%であった。
【0051】
実施例2
製造例1で得たW/O/W型複合エマルションを、実施例1と同様の条件で、平均細孔径が9.1μm(1次膜乳化)、1.1μm(2次膜乳化)、0.7μm(3次膜乳化)、0.5μm(4次膜乳化)のSPG膜の順(大きい膜から小さい膜)に順次通すことにより段階的に乳化させ、W/O/W型複合エマルションを得た。このエマルションの平均油滴径及び薬物封入率を実施例1と同様に測定した結果、平均油滴径は0.53μm、油滴径の分布の標準偏差は0.090、鉄の封入率は84.3%であった。
【0052】
比較例1
製造例1で得たW/O/W型複合エマルションを、実施例1と同様の条件で、平均細孔径が0.5μmのSPG膜を通して乳化(1次膜乳化)させることにより、W/O/W型複合エマルションを得た。このエマルションの平均油滴径及び薬物封入率を実施例1と同様に測定した結果、平均油滴径は7.60μm、油滴径の分布の標準偏差は0.593、鉄の封入率は35.5%であった。
【0053】
油滴径が膜孔径に対して非常に大きくなったのは、W/O/W型複合エマルションが膜表面で壊れる解乳化が起こっているためである。
実施例1及び2、比較例1の結果を表1にまとめる。
【0054】
【表1】
Figure 0004815575
【0055】
上記の通り、油滴径の大きいW/O/W型複合エマルションをまず比較的細孔径の大きい膜で乳化(一次膜乳化)することにより大きい粒子をなくし、その後さらに細孔径の小さい膜を用いて段階的に乳化させることにより、微細で薬物封入率の良好な単分散のW/O/W型複合エマルションを得ることができる(実施例1、2)。一方、油滴径の大きいW/O/W型複合エマルションを小さい細孔径の多孔質ガラス膜のみで膜乳化すると解乳化が起こり、油滴径がさらに大きくなり、封入率も低下し、良好なW/O/W型複合エマルションを得ることができない(比較例1)。
【0056】
実施例3
製造例1で得たW/O/W型複合エマルションを、実施例1と同様の条件で、平均細孔径9.1μmのSPG膜で乳化(1次膜乳化)し、次に平均細孔径0.7μmのSPG膜で乳化(2次膜乳化)させることにより、W/O/W型複合エマルションを得た。このエマルションの平均油滴径及び薬物封入率を実施例1と同様に測定した結果、平均油滴径は0.93μm、油滴径の分布の標準偏差は0.123、鉄の封入率は97.7%であった。
【0057】
実施例4
製造例1で得たW/O/W型複合エマルションを、実施例1と同様の条件で、平均細孔径が9.1μm(1次膜乳化)、1.1μm(2次膜乳化)、0.7μm(3次膜乳化)のSPG膜の順(大きい膜から小さい膜)に段階的に乳化させることにより、W/O/W型複合エマルションを得た。このエマルションの平均油滴径及び薬物封入率を実施例1と同様に測定した結果、平均油滴径は0.94μm、油滴径の分布の標準偏差は0.093、鉄の封入率は98.1%であった。
【0058】
比較例2
製造例1で得たW/O/W型複合エマルションを、実施例1と同様の条件で、平均細孔径が0.7μmのSPG膜で乳化(1次膜乳化)させることにより、W/O/W型複合エマルションを得た。このエマルションの平均油滴径及び薬物封入率を実施例1と同様に測定した結果、平均油滴径は12.12μm、油滴径の分布の標準偏差は0.511、鉄の封入率は35.9%であった。
【0059】
油滴径が膜孔径に対して非常に大きくなったのは、W/O/W型複合エマルションが膜表面で壊れる解乳化が起こっているためである。
実施例3及び4、比較例2の結果を表2にまとめる。
【0060】
【表2】
Figure 0004815575
【0061】
上記の通り、油滴径の大きいW/O/W型複合エマルションをまず比較的細孔径の大きい膜で乳化(一次膜乳化)することにより大きい粒子をなくし、その後さらに細孔径の小さい膜を用いて段階的に乳化させることにより、微細で薬物封入率の良好な単分散のW/O/W型複合エマルションを得ることができる。(実施例3、4)。一方、油滴径の大きいW/O/W型複合エマルションを小さい細孔径の多孔質ガラス膜のみで膜乳化すると解乳化が起こり、油滴径がさらに大きくなり、封入率も低下し、良好なW/O/W型複合エマルションを得ることができない(比較例2)。
【0062】
実施例5
製造例1で得たW/O/W型複合エマルションを、実施例1と同様の条件で、平均細孔径9.1μmのSPG膜で乳化(1次膜乳化)し、次に平均細孔径1.3μmのSPG膜で乳化(2次膜乳化)させることにより、W/O/W型複合エマルションを得た。このエマルションの平均油滴径及び薬物封入率を実施例1に従い測定した結果、平均油滴径は1.39μm、油滴径の分布の標準偏差は0.083、鉄の封入率は97.4%であった。
【0063】
比較例3
製造例1で得たW/O/W型複合エマルションを、実施例1と同様の条件で、平均細孔径1.3μmのSPG膜で乳化(1次膜乳化)させることにより、W/O/W型複合エマルションを得た。このエマルションの平均油滴径及び薬物封入率を実施例1と同様に測定した結果、平均油滴径は2.02μm、油滴径の分布の標準偏差は0.491、鉄の封入率は44.9%であった。油滴径が膜孔径に対して大きくなったのは、W/O/W型複合エマルションが膜表面で壊れる解乳化が起ったためである。
【0064】
比較例4
製造例1で得たW/O/W型複合エマルションを、実施例1と同様の条件で、平均細孔径3.0μmのSPG膜で乳化(1次膜乳化)させることにより、W/O/W型複合エマルションを得た。このエマルションの平均油滴径及び薬物封入率を実施例1と同様に測定した結果、平均油滴径は3.31μm、油滴径の分布の標準偏差は0.131、鉄封入率は95.1%であった。
実施例5、比較例3及び4の結果を表3にまとめる。
【0065】
【表3】
Figure 0004815575
【0066】
上記の通り、油滴径の大きいW/O/W型複合エマルションをまず比較的細孔径の大きい膜で乳化(一次膜乳化)することにより大きい粒子をなくし、その後さらに細孔径の小さい膜を用いて段階的に乳化させることにより、微細で薬物封入率の良好な単分散のW/O/W型複合エマルションを得ることができた(実施例5)。一方、油滴径の大きいW/O/W型複合エマルションを小さい細孔径の多孔質ガラス膜のみで膜乳化すると、小さい油滴径と高い封入率を両立した良好なW/O/W型複合エマルションを得ることができなかった(比較例3)。また、最初の膜として平均細孔径が2μmより大きく30μm以下の細孔径を有する膜、すなわち平均細孔径3μmの膜を使用しても、封入率が維持されたW/O/W型複合エマルションを得ることができた(比較例4)。さらに小さい粒子径で封入率が高いW/O/W型複合エマルションを得るには、この封入率の高いエマルションを平均細孔径2μm以下の膜を順次通過させていけば良い。
【0067】
本発明の製造方法及び単一の膜を使用する従来の膜乳化での製造方法による薬物封入率を比較した結果を図1に示す(実施例1、3、5、比較例1、2、3)。膜乳化の際に本発明の段階乳化法を用いることにより封入対象物の封入率が劇的によくなることが明らかである。
【0068】
実施例6
[W/O型エマルションの調製]
Figure 0004815575
上記組成を使用して、製造例1と同様の製造法により調製した。
得られたW/O型エマルションの平均油滴径を製造例1と同様に測定した結果、0.09μmであった。
【0069】
[W/O型エマルションの調製]
製造例1と同様にして、まず粒子径の比較的大きいW/O/W型エマルションを得た。このエマルションを、実施例1と同様の条件で、平均細孔径8.0μmのSPG膜で乳化(一次膜乳化)し、次に平均細孔径0.7μmのSPG膜で乳化(二次膜乳化)させることにより、W/O/W型複合エマルションを得た。このエマルションの平均油滴径及び薬物封入率を実施例1と同様に測定した結果、平均油滴径は0.81μm、油滴径の分布の標準偏差は0.114、鉄の封入率は99.9%であり、微細で薬物封入率の高い単分散のW/O/W型複合エマルションであった。
【0070】
実施例7
下記に示す成分と配合量でpH5.0の液剤を調製した。
Figure 0004815575
【0071】
比較例5
下記に示す成分と配合量でpH5.0の液剤を調製した。
クエン酸鉄アンモニウム 70.1mg
アスコルビン酸ナトリウム 337.4mg
砂糖 10000mg
安息香酸ナトリウム 33mg
プロピルパラベン 3.3mg
ブチルパラベン 3.3mg
クエン酸 105mg
1 mol/L 水酸化ナトリウム 適量
精製水 全量を50mLとする量
【0072】
試験例
鉄とアスコルビン酸を配合した内服液剤について、鉄を内封したW/O/W型複合エマルションを用いたもの(実施例7の液剤)と鉄をそのまま溶解させたもの(比較例5の液剤)を使用し、9人の専門パネルにより鉄錆味と収斂味の程度について官能評価した。
【0073】
鉄錆味及び収斂味の官能評価は、以下の5段階評価で行った。
1)感じない
2)やや感じる
3)感じる
4)やや強く感じる
5)強く感じる
結果を表4及び表5に示す。表4が鉄錆味、表5が収斂味についての結果を示す。表4及び表5に示した結果から明らかなように、本発明により金属味を著しく低減できることが証明された。
【0074】
【表4】
Figure 0004815575
【0075】
【表5】
Figure 0004815575
【0076】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法によれば、油滴径が微細化され、かつ封入対象物の封入率が高いW/O/W複合型エマルションを製造することができる。該方法により製造されたW/O/W複合型複合エマルションは、水溶性薬剤を投与対象の特定部位に集中させるために油滴として投与する場合や、同一水性相に含有させることが好ましくないか不可能である2種以上の成分を同一の液剤に含有させる際等に特に有用である。
【0077】
本発明によれば、W/O型エマルション中の水に苦味や不快味を有する薬物、他の成分によって不安定化されやすい薬物を配合し、W/O/W複合型エマルションを製造して液剤とすることにより、内服用の場合には服用性の著しく改善された内服液剤を提供することが可能となり、それ以外の用途においても、内水相と外水相を隔離することができるので、従来は同時配合が困難であった配合禁忌を生じる成分を同時配合することも可能となり、不安定な薬物を安定に配合できるため、有効期間の長い液剤を提供できるようになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明方法及び従来の方法によりW/O/W複合型エマルションを製造した場合の、封入対象物質の封入率を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion in which the particle size of oil phase particles is fine and the encapsulation rate of a substance to be encapsulated in the inner aqueous phase is high.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsions (hereinafter referred to as “W / O / W type composite emulsions”) are used when they are administered as oil droplets in order to concentrate water-soluble drugs at a specific site to be administered, or in the same aqueous phase. This is useful when, for example, two or more components (incompatible ingredients) that are undesirable or impossible to be added are contained in the same solution. In particular, in the case of a liquid preparation for internal use, a water-soluble drug having a bitter or unpleasant taste can be encapsulated in an internal aqueous phase to make a preparation that can be taken.
[0003]
Since the W / O / W type composite emulsion is generally poor in stability, it has been applied to highly viscous creams and the like that are likely to maintain stability, but has not been reported as a liquid for internal use.
[0004]
When this W / O / W type composite emulsion is used as a liquid preparation such as an injection or an internal preparation, the diameter of the oil droplets to be contained needs to be as small as possible in order to ensure the stability of the emulsion. In order to efficiently produce a W / O / W type composite emulsion and to effectively administer and ingest drugs, etc., the encapsulation rate of the substance to be encapsulated in the inner aqueous phase is preferably as high as possible. However, as a general property of W / O / W type composite emulsions, the smaller the emulsion particle size, the higher the stability of the emulsion in the liquid formulation. Encapsulation rate decreases.
[0005]
Conventionally, as a method for producing a W / O / W type composite emulsion, a one-step emulsification method or a two-step emulsification method by stirring is known, but both are due to the low rate of formation of the composite emulsion or the destruction of emulsion particles. There were problems such as leakage of encapsulated material from the inner aqueous phase. It was also difficult to obtain a fine composite emulsion having a controlled oil droplet particle size and a narrow particle size distribution.
[0006]
Regarding the production of a W / O / W type composite emulsion having a small oil droplet diameter, Patent No. 2720101 uses lecithin to produce a W / O / W type composite emulsion for injection having an oil droplet diameter of 1 μm or less. The emulsification efficiency and productivity were not sufficient. In addition, it is difficult to obtain a liquid preparation for internal use from the viewpoint of the flavor of the emulsifier (lecithin).
[0007]
In addition, as a method for efficiently incorporating a drug into the inner aqueous phase of the W / O / W type composite emulsion, there are techniques disclosed in JP-A Nos. 62-201816 and 5-97660. The method can be obtained by using a surfactant in the inner aqueous phase or by adjusting the water-in-oil emulsion produced in the production of the W / O / W type composite emulsion to a specific viscosity. The oil droplet diameter of the emulsion is not fine.
[0008]
General emulsification methods for obtaining fine particles include mechanical emulsification, which is a technique for refining particles with high shearing forces such as rotation and collision, liquid crystal phases with extremely low interfacial tension, surfactants (D ) There are surface chemical emulsification methods, etc., which are methods for obtaining fine particles using phases, etc., but membrane emulsification is an emulsification method for obtaining fine particles even if both the energy applied to the particles and the amount of surfactant used are small. Law. The membrane emulsification method is a method in which an emulsion once formed is passed through a material having pores such as a porous substance to produce an emulsion having a smaller particle diameter.
[0009]
As a membrane emulsification method, a method for producing a W / O / W type composite emulsion using a porous glass membrane is known (Japanese Patent No. 2106958, Japanese Patent No. 2733729, Japanese Patent No. 2772860, etc.). According to the membrane emulsification method using such a porous glass membrane, less energy is given to the particles, a uniform emulsion can be made, and if the pore diameter of the porous glass membrane is small, oil droplets A W / O / W type composite emulsion having a small particle size can be produced. However, when a W / O / W type composite emulsion having a small oil droplet diameter is produced by membrane emulsification, there is a problem that a sufficient encapsulation rate cannot be obtained. Also, in the conventional membrane emulsification method that pushes oil into the continuous phase (water), the viscosity of oil (W / O emulsion) is much higher than that of water (W / O / W emulsion), so the passing speed is slow. , High pressure is required and the danger is increased, and the membrane surface is easily wetted with oil (dispersed phase), so it is difficult to set uniform particle generation conditions, productivity is inferior, and it can not withstand long use, etc. There was a problem in the emulsification efficiency and productivity at the time of producing the emulsion. There is a method for improving the emulsification efficiency and productivity (Japanese Patent No. 2768205), but when applying to the production of fine W / O / W type composite emulsion, W / O / W pre-emulsified with a homogenizer etc. When an attempt is made to pass the mold composite emulsion through a porous glass membrane having a fine pore diameter, emulsion breakage occurs on the membrane surface, and a fine W / O / W composite emulsion cannot be obtained. Also, when the pre-emulsion is refined by a stronger shearing force and passed through a porous glass membrane having a fine pore diameter, a fine W / O / W composite emulsion can be obtained, but the encapsulation rate will be low There was a problem.
[0010]
As mentioned above, in the production of W / O / W type composite emulsion, there is no known production method for reducing the particle size of the composite emulsion and preventing the decrease in the encapsulation rate when the drug is encapsulated in the inner aqueous phase. . In addition, there is no known production method in consideration of the emulsification efficiency and productivity when producing an emulsion.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a W / O / W type composite emulsion having a fine oil droplet diameter and a high encapsulation rate of a substance to be encapsulated, utilizing a membrane emulsification technique.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have formed a W / O / W type composite emulsion having a relatively large oil droplet size by a known method, and this is formed into a plurality of porous materials having different pore sizes. Stable W / O / W with a small oil droplet diameter and a high encapsulation rate of the target substance in the inner water phase when the oil droplet diameter is decreased stepwise by passing through the glass membrane from the one with the largest pore diameter. The present inventors have found that a mold composite emulsion can be obtained and completed the present invention.
[0013]
That is, the present invention allows W / O / W type composite emulsion to pass through a plurality of porous glass membranes having different pore diameters sequentially from a porous glass membrane having a larger pore diameter, thereby reducing the oil droplet diameter. There is provided a method for producing a W / O / W type composite emulsion, characterized by producing an / O / W type composite emulsion.
[0014]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a porous glass film having a pore diameter of more than 2 μm and 30 μm or less is used as the porous glass film that first passes through the W / O / W composite emulsion. After passing a W / O / W type composite emulsion having an average oil droplet size of 1 to 100 times the pore size of the glass membrane through the first membrane, one or more porous materials having a pore size of 2 μm or less The glass membrane is sequentially passed from a porous glass membrane having a larger pore diameter to a smaller membrane.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0016]
In the method for producing a W / O / W type composite emulsion of the present invention, first, a W / O / W type composite emulsion having an oil droplet size larger than the target oil droplet size is produced (primary emulsification). A W / O / W type composite emulsion having an oil droplet size larger than the target oil droplet size can be produced by a known W / O / W type composite emulsion production method.
[0017]
For example, the water phase is continuously added to the oil phase while stirring, etc., forming a water-in-oil emulsion (hereinafter referred to as “W / O type emulsion”), and then the W / O / W type by the subsequent phase transition. A one-step emulsification method to make a composite emulsion, and a W / O emulsion is once formed by adding an aqueous phase that becomes an inner aqueous phase to the oil phase and stirring, and this W / O emulsion is made into an outer aqueous phase. Any of the two-stage emulsification methods can be used to disperse and form a W / O / W type composite emulsion, but the emulsion can be obtained efficiently, the inner water phase and the outer water phase can have different compositions, dispersed oil In the present invention, the two-stage emulsification method is preferable because the ratio of droplets can be adjusted.
[0018]
Stirring as the emulsifying means can be performed by a known means such as a homomixer or a stirrer, but is not limited thereto, and emulsification may be performed by ultrasonic treatment or the like.
[0019]
The formation temperature of the emulsion is not particularly limited, but usually, about 50 to 90 ° C. is formed for the formation of the W / O type emulsion, and heat can be applied as necessary for the formation of the W / O / W type composite emulsion.
[0020]
The substance to be included in the inner aqueous phase is not particularly limited as long as it is a water-soluble substance, and various drugs, nutrient substances, and the like can be appropriately selected according to the purpose of the emulsion. Examples of the drug include water-soluble vitamins (such as ascorbic acid) and water-soluble minerals (such as iron).
[0021]
The amount of these substances to be encapsulated is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount that can be dissolved in the inner aqueous phase without disturbing the formation of the target emulsion.
[0022]
The oil used as the oil phase is not particularly limited, and natural or synthetic oils conventionally used for emulsion production can be used. For example, oily components such as animal and vegetable oils, hydrogenated animal and vegetable oils, and fractionated animal and vegetable oils can be used as appropriate. These oily components can be used after being cured or fractionated depending on the properties desired for the intended emulsion, and can also be used by blending two or more components. Moreover, in this invention, an oil-soluble chemical | medical agent can also be mix | blended with an oil phase. Thereby, it can be set as the formulation which can take an oil-soluble chemical | medical agent and a water-soluble chemical | medical agent simultaneously.
[0023]
A known lipophilic emulsifier can be used as an emulsifier to be added to the oil phase. For example, generally used glycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid ester, lecithin and the like can be used. In particular, polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester is preferable. Furthermore, these can be used individually or in mixture of 2 or more types.
[0024]
The addition amount of these lipophilic emulsifiers is not particularly limited as long as a sufficient emulsification effect is obtained, but is usually about 0.01 to 45% by weight with respect to the whole emulsion.
[0025]
Moreover, a well-known hydrophilic emulsifier can be used also about the emulsifier added to an external water phase. Examples include glycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, lecithin, and polymer emulsifier. In particular, polyglycerol fatty acid ester is preferable.
[0026]
The HLB (Hydrophlic Lipophilic Balance) of these hydrophilic emulsifiers is preferably 8.0 or more, and more preferably 10.0 or more. These hydrophilic emulsifiers can be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the desired emulsification characteristics.
[0027]
The addition amount of these hydrophilic emulsifiers is not particularly limited as long as a sufficient emulsification effect is obtained, but is usually about 0.001 to 10% by weight with respect to the whole emulsion.
[0028]
Further, if necessary, the outer water phase can be blended with components that do not impair the effects of the present invention, preservatives, pH adjusters, flavoring agents, fragrances and the like.
[0029]
The ratio (volume ratio) between the water phase and the oil phase in the W / O type emulsion and W / O / W type composite emulsion is not particularly limited, but usually in the case of the W / O type emulsion, the water phase : The volume ratio of the oil phase is about 0.5: 99.5 to 60:40, and in the case of the W / O / W type composite emulsion, the volume ratio of the W / O type emulsion: the external water phase is 0.1. : 99 to 9: 50: 50 or so.
[0030]
Specifically, the W / O / W type composite emulsion as described above can be produced, for example, as follows. First, an oil phase to which an emulsifier and other additives are added is placed in a container, and this is set in a stirrer such as a homomixer, and heated and dissolved at a temperature of about 50 to 90 ° C. while stirring. Next, a predetermined amount of an aqueous phase containing a substance to be encapsulated and an arbitrary additive is gradually added, stirred and emulsified while maintaining the liquid temperature constant at about 50 to 90 ° C., and then cooled to 20 to 40 ° C. Stir for a certain time to prepare a W / O emulsion. This W / O type emulsion is preferably produced so as to have an average oil droplet diameter of about 0.01 to 0.5 μm. Furthermore, a predetermined outer aqueous phase containing optional additives is set in a stirrer such as a homomixer in the same manner as described above, and the W / O emulsion is gradually added while stirring at a temperature of about 50 to 80 ° C. A W / O / W type emulsion is prepared by dispersing in an aqueous phase (primary emulsification).
[0031]
This W / O / W type emulsion is preferably produced so as to have an oil droplet particle size of about 1 to 100 times that of the pore system, although it is first passed through a porous glass membrane described later. In addition, the particle size distribution of the oil droplets of the W / O / W emulsion may have a relatively wide particle size distribution because it can be made uniform by passing through a porous glass membrane described later. .
[0032]
In the method for producing a W / O / W type composite emulsion according to the present invention, the W / O / W type composite emulsion in which the oil droplets obtained by the primary emulsification are larger than the desired diameter is further converted into a plurality of porous materials having different pore sizes. Membrane emulsification is performed by passing through a glass membrane, and the oil droplet diameter is reduced stepwise (membrane emulsification).
[0033]
In the present invention, “passing through a plurality of porous glass membranes having different pore diameters” means passing at least two types of porous glass membranes having different pore diameters. The number of porous glass membranes to be passed through is not particularly limited as long as it is 2 or more. For example, by using three or four kinds of porous glass membranes, up to tertiary membrane emulsification or quaternary membrane emulsification in membrane emulsification. It is also possible to perform multi-stage membrane emulsification using a plurality of types of porous glass membranes. However, in consideration of the economics of the production method and the effects of multi-stage membrane emulsification, membrane emulsification is preferably performed using 2 to 5 types, more preferably 2 to 3 types of porous glass membranes. .
[0034]
When membrane emulsification is performed using a plurality of porous glass membranes, the porous glass membrane using the W / O / W type composite emulsion obtained by the primary emulsification is sequentially passed from a membrane having a large pore diameter to a membrane having a small pore diameter. . As a result, the oil droplet size in the W / O / W type composite emulsion is gradually reduced, and a stable W / O / W type composite emulsion with a small oil droplet size is maintained while maintaining a high encapsulation rate of the target substance. Obtainable.
[0035]
Porous glass generally refers to a porous body made of glass, and is not limited to, but SiO 2 (Silica sand), H Three BO Three (Boric acid), Na 2 CO Three (Soda ash) Na by a normal melting process 2 OB 2 O Three -SiO 2 A glass-based glass that is molded and heat-treated at several hundred degrees Celsius. 2 Rich phase and Na 2 OB 2 O Three In the rich phase, phase separation is caused by spinodal decomposition at a scale of several nm, and this phase-separated glass is immersed in an acid solution, 2 OB 2 O Three SiO obtained by eluting only the phase with acid 2 A glass porous body having a skeleton is exemplified.
[0036]
As a particularly suitable porous glass membrane, Shirasu porous glass (abbreviated as SPG, manufactured by Miyazaki Prefectural Industrial Technology Center) or Shirasu porous made of a derivative of Shirasu porous glass modified by aminosilanization, octadecylsilylation, trimethylsilylation, etc. Glass film (hereinafter referred to as “SPG film”).
[0037]
As a specific example of the SPG film, CaO-B disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 1504002 2 O Three -SiO 2 -Al 2 O Three -Based porous glass, CaO-B disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 1518989 and US Pat. No. 4,657,875 2 O Three -SiO 2 -Al 2 O Three -NaO 2 Porous glass, CaO-B 2 O Three -SiO 2 -Al 2 O Three -NaO 2 -MgO-based porous glass, CaO-B 2 O Three -SiO 2 -ZrO 2 Examples thereof include a film made of a system porous glass. The SPG membrane having an average pore diameter of 0.05 to 30 μm can be used.
[0038]
Membrane emulsification is carried out by passing the W / O / W composite emulsion obtained above through these porous glass membranes. This membrane emulsification can be carried out using a commonly used membrane emulsification device, for example, It can be carried out using a membrane emulsification apparatus comprising an emulsion container, a porous glass membrane module, a dispersed phase container and the like.
[0039]
The temperature in the membrane emulsification is not particularly limited, but heat can be applied as necessary. For example, it is possible even at about 0 to 80 ° C. The method of temperature adjustment for obtaining such a membrane emulsification temperature is not particularly limited. For example, the entire membrane emulsification device as described above is maintained at a constant temperature, or the above-described temperature is adjusted using a jacket-type temperature control device or the like. The temperature range can be controlled.
[0040]
In the present invention, a plurality of porous glass membranes as described above are used, and membrane emulsification is performed by sequentially passing the W / O / W type composite emulsion from a porous glass membrane having a larger pore diameter to a smaller one. In this case, the pore diameter of each porous glass membrane is compared based on the average pore diameter.
[0041]
The pore diameter of the multi-porous glass membrane through which the W / O / W type composite emulsion obtained by the primary emulsification is first passed is 1/1 to 1/100 of the average oil droplet diameter of the W / O / W type composite emulsion. It is preferable that the ratio is about 1/1 to 1/50. Specifically, the average pore diameter of the first-stage porous glass membrane is preferably larger than 2 μm and not larger than 30 μm. The pore diameter of the porous glass membrane of the second and subsequent stages is usually a porous glass membrane having an average pore diameter of 2 μm or less, preferably 0.05 to 2 μm, and the specific average pore diameter is the target W / It can be appropriately selected depending on the particle size of the O / W emulsion. In particular, it is effective to use a plurality of porous glass membranes in order to obtain a fine emulsion with a high encapsulation rate, and these porous glass membranes have an average pore diameter of 0.05 to 30 μm. preferable.
[0042]
The W / O / W type composite emulsion produced by membrane emulsification as described above can encapsulate the drug enclosed in the inner aqueous phase even in the case of a W / O / W type emulsion having an average oil droplet diameter of 2 μm or less. The rate is maintained high. Specifically, the average oil droplet diameter is preferably 2 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or less, and the encapsulation rate of the substance to be encapsulated in the inner aqueous phase is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 90% or more. That is, the production method of the composite emulsion of the present invention is a production method that can achieve both a reduction in the W / O / W type composite emulsion oil droplet diameter and a high encapsulation rate when the drug is encapsulated in the inner aqueous phase. Moreover, it is also a manufacturing method excellent in emulsification efficiency, productivity, etc. at the time of manufacturing an emulsion.
[0043]
The use of the W / O / W type composite emulsion of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it can be preferably used for uses such as pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs, cosmetics and foods. As a form of a product, it can be set as a liquid agent, emulsion, cream, etc., for example.
[0044]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The unit of numerical values is mg unless otherwise specified.
[0045]
Production Example 1
[Preparation of W / O emulsion]
Figure 0004815575
[0046]
b and c are heated to 70 to 80 ° C., mixed and dissolved, and then a is gradually added with stirring, followed by stirring and emulsification while maintaining the liquid temperature constant at about 70 to 80 ° C. While cooling to 40 ° C., the mixture was stirred for a certain time to obtain a W / O type emulsion. The average water droplet diameter of this W / O emulsion was measured by a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer (HORIBA LA-920) and found to be 0.25 μm.
[0047]
[Preparation of W / O / W type composite emulsion]
To 180 g of an aqueous solution containing 0.5 w / w% decaglycerin monomyristate and 20 w / w% sugar, 20 g of the W / O emulsion obtained above was added while stirring with a magnetic stirrer or homogenizer. A W / O / W type composite emulsion with a large oil droplet size with a large particle size distribution was obtained. When the average oil droplet diameter of this W / O / W type composite emulsion was measured by a Shimadzu laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (SALD-2000), it was 93.1 μm, and the standard deviation of oil droplet diameter distribution was 0. 425.
[0048]
Example 1
The W / O / W type composite emulsion obtained in Production Example 1 is emulsified with a porous glass membrane having an average pore size of 9.1 μm (primary membrane emulsification), and then a porous glass membrane having an average pore size of 0.5 μm. To obtain a W / O / W type composite emulsion. An SPG membrane was used as the porous glass membrane, and membrane emulsification was performed at room temperature at a pressure of 5 MPa or less using a membrane emulsifier manufactured by Kiyomoto Seiko Co., Ltd. The average oil droplet diameter of the obtained emulsion was measured by a Shimadzu laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (SALD-2000). As a result, it was 0.55 μm, and the standard deviation of the oil droplet diameter distribution was 0.087.
[0049]
<Measurement of drug encapsulation rate>
The encapsulation rate of the substance to be encapsulated in the W / O / W type composite emulsion was calculated by the following equation.
Encapsulation rate (%) = (Wi−Wo × A) / Wi × 100
Wi: Amount of target substance in W / O / W type composite emulsion
Wo: Amount of substance to be included in the outer water phase
A: External water phase weight / W / O / W type composite emulsion weight
[0050]
The amount of substances to be encapsulated in the W / O / W type composite emulsion is subjected to pretreatment operations such as wet ashing for the emulsion, and the amount of substances to be encapsulated in the outer aqueous phase is determined from the emulsion particles by centrifuging the composite emulsion. After performing the operation of separating the outer aqueous phase, it was measured by atomic absorption method. As a result, the encapsulation rate of iron measured as the substance to be encapsulated was 78.9%.
[0051]
Example 2
The W / O / W type composite emulsion obtained in Production Example 1 was subjected to the same conditions as in Example 1 with an average pore size of 9.1 μm (primary membrane emulsification), 1.1 μm (secondary membrane emulsification), 0 Emulsified stepwise by passing sequentially through the SPG membrane (larger membrane to smaller membrane) of 7μm (tertiary membrane emulsification) and 0.5μm (quaternary membrane emulsification), and the W / O / W type composite emulsion was Obtained. The average oil droplet diameter and drug encapsulation rate of this emulsion were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the average oil droplet size was 0.53 μm, the standard deviation of the oil droplet size distribution was 0.090, and the iron encapsulation rate was 84. 3%.
[0052]
Comparative Example 1
The W / O / W type composite emulsion obtained in Production Example 1 is emulsified (primary membrane emulsification) through an SPG membrane having an average pore size of 0.5 μm under the same conditions as in Example 1. A / W type composite emulsion was obtained. The average oil droplet diameter and drug encapsulation rate of this emulsion were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the average oil droplet size was 7.60 μm, the standard deviation of the oil droplet size distribution was 0.593, and the iron encapsulation rate was 35. .5%.
[0053]
The reason why the oil droplet size became very large with respect to the membrane pore size is that demulsification occurred that caused the W / O / W type composite emulsion to break on the membrane surface.
The results of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 are summarized in Table 1.
[0054]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004815575
[0055]
As described above, the W / O / W type composite emulsion having a large oil droplet size is first emulsified with a membrane having a relatively large pore size (primary membrane emulsification), and then a larger particle is eliminated, and then a membrane having a smaller pore size is used. By emulsifying stepwise, a finely dispersed monodispersed W / O / W type composite emulsion having a good drug encapsulation rate can be obtained (Examples 1 and 2). On the other hand, when a W / O / W type composite emulsion having a large oil droplet diameter is emulsified only with a porous glass membrane having a small pore diameter, demulsification occurs, the oil droplet diameter further increases, the encapsulation rate also decreases, and good A W / O / W type composite emulsion cannot be obtained (Comparative Example 1).
[0056]
Example 3
The W / O / W type composite emulsion obtained in Production Example 1 was emulsified (primary membrane emulsification) with an SPG membrane having an average pore size of 9.1 μm under the same conditions as in Example 1, and then the average pore size was 0. A W / O / W type composite emulsion was obtained by emulsifying with a 7 μm SPG membrane (secondary membrane emulsification). The average oil droplet diameter and drug encapsulation rate of this emulsion were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the average oil droplet size was 0.93 μm, the standard deviation of the oil droplet size distribution was 0.123, and the iron encapsulation rate was 97. 0.7%.
[0057]
Example 4
The W / O / W type composite emulsion obtained in Production Example 1 was subjected to the same conditions as in Example 1 with an average pore size of 9.1 μm (primary membrane emulsification), 1.1 μm (secondary membrane emulsification), 0 A W / O / W type composite emulsion was obtained by stepwise emulsification in the order of the SPG membrane of 7 μm (tertiary membrane emulsification) (larger membrane to smaller membrane). The average oil droplet diameter and drug encapsulation rate of this emulsion were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the average oil droplet size was 0.94 μm, the standard deviation of the oil droplet size distribution was 0.093, and the iron encapsulation rate was 98. It was 1%.
[0058]
Comparative Example 2
The W / O / W type composite emulsion obtained in Production Example 1 is emulsified (primary membrane emulsification) with an SPG membrane having an average pore diameter of 0.7 μm under the same conditions as in Example 1. A / W type composite emulsion was obtained. The average oil droplet diameter and drug encapsulation rate of this emulsion were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the average oil droplet size was 12.12 μm, the standard deviation of the oil droplet size distribution was 0.511, and the iron encapsulation rate was 35. 9%.
[0059]
The reason why the oil droplet size became very large with respect to the membrane pore size is that demulsification occurred that caused the W / O / W type composite emulsion to break on the membrane surface.
The results of Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Example 2 are summarized in Table 2.
[0060]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004815575
[0061]
As described above, the W / O / W type composite emulsion having a large oil droplet size is first emulsified with a membrane having a relatively large pore size (primary membrane emulsification), and then a larger particle is eliminated, and then a membrane having a smaller pore size is used. By emulsifying stepwise, a finely dispersed monodispersed W / O / W composite emulsion having a good drug encapsulation rate can be obtained. (Examples 3 and 4). On the other hand, when a W / O / W type composite emulsion having a large oil droplet diameter is emulsified only with a porous glass membrane having a small pore diameter, demulsification occurs, the oil droplet diameter further increases, the encapsulation rate also decreases, and good A W / O / W type composite emulsion cannot be obtained (Comparative Example 2).
[0062]
Example 5
The W / O / W type composite emulsion obtained in Production Example 1 was emulsified (primary membrane emulsification) with an SPG membrane having an average pore size of 9.1 μm under the same conditions as in Example 1, and then the average pore size of 1 A W / O / W type composite emulsion was obtained by emulsification with a 3 μm SPG membrane (secondary membrane emulsification). The average oil droplet diameter and drug encapsulation rate of this emulsion were measured according to Example 1. As a result, the average oil droplet size was 1.39 μm, the standard deviation of the oil droplet size distribution was 0.083, and the iron encapsulation rate was 97.4. %Met.
[0063]
Comparative Example 3
By emulsifying the W / O / W type composite emulsion obtained in Production Example 1 with an SPG membrane having an average pore diameter of 1.3 μm under the same conditions as in Example 1 (primary membrane emulsification), W / O / A W-type composite emulsion was obtained. The average oil droplet diameter and drug encapsulation rate of this emulsion were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the average oil droplet size was 2.02 μm, the standard deviation of the oil droplet size distribution was 0.491, and the iron encapsulation rate was 44. 9%. The reason why the oil droplet size became larger than the membrane pore size was that demulsification occurred that caused the W / O / W type composite emulsion to break on the membrane surface.
[0064]
Comparative Example 4
By emulsifying the W / O / W type composite emulsion obtained in Production Example 1 with an SPG membrane having an average pore diameter of 3.0 μm under the same conditions as in Example 1 (primary membrane emulsification), W / O / A W-type composite emulsion was obtained. The average oil droplet diameter and drug encapsulation rate of this emulsion were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the average oil droplet size was 3.31 μm, the standard deviation of the oil droplet size distribution was 0.131, and the iron encapsulation rate was 95. 1%.
The results of Example 5 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are summarized in Table 3.
[0065]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004815575
[0066]
As described above, the W / O / W type composite emulsion having a large oil droplet size is first emulsified with a membrane having a relatively large pore size (primary membrane emulsification), and then a larger particle is eliminated, and then a membrane having a smaller pore size is used. Thus, a finely dispersed monodispersed W / O / W type composite emulsion having a good drug encapsulation rate could be obtained (Example 5). On the other hand, when a W / O / W type composite emulsion with a large oil droplet size is emulsified with only a porous glass membrane with a small pore size, a good W / O / W type composite that achieves both a small oil droplet size and a high encapsulation rate An emulsion could not be obtained (Comparative Example 3). In addition, a W / O / W type composite emulsion in which the encapsulation rate is maintained even when a membrane having an average pore diameter greater than 2 μm and a pore diameter of 30 μm or less, that is, a membrane having an average pore diameter of 3 μm, is used as the first membrane. It was possible to obtain (Comparative Example 4). In order to obtain a W / O / W type composite emulsion having a smaller particle size and a higher encapsulation rate, the emulsion having a higher encapsulation rate may be sequentially passed through a membrane having an average pore size of 2 μm or less.
[0067]
FIG. 1 shows the results of comparison of drug encapsulation rates according to the production method of the present invention and the conventional membrane emulsification method using a single membrane (Examples 1, 3, 5, Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3). ). It is clear that the encapsulation rate of the encapsulated object is dramatically improved by using the step emulsification method of the present invention at the time of membrane emulsification.
[0068]
Example 6
[Preparation of W / O emulsion]
Figure 0004815575
Using the above composition, it was prepared by the same production method as in Production Example 1.
The average oil droplet diameter of the obtained W / O emulsion was measured in the same manner as in Production Example 1. As a result, it was 0.09 μm.
[0069]
[Preparation of W / O emulsion]
In the same manner as in Production Example 1, a W / O / W emulsion having a relatively large particle size was first obtained. This emulsion was emulsified with an SPG membrane having an average pore size of 8.0 μm (primary membrane emulsification) under the same conditions as in Example 1, and then emulsified with an SPG membrane having an average pore size of 0.7 μm (secondary membrane emulsification). By doing so, a W / O / W type composite emulsion was obtained. The average oil droplet diameter and drug encapsulation rate of this emulsion were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the average oil droplet size was 0.81 μm, the standard deviation of the oil droplet size distribution was 0.114, and the iron encapsulation rate was 99. It was a 9% monodispersed W / O / W composite emulsion with a fine drug encapsulation rate.
[0070]
Example 7
A solution having a pH of 5.0 was prepared with the following components and blending amounts.
Figure 0004815575
[0071]
Comparative Example 5
A solution having a pH of 5.0 was prepared with the following components and blending amounts.
Ammonium iron citrate 70.1mg
Sodium ascorbate 337.4mg
10000mg sugar
Sodium benzoate 33mg
Propylparaben 3.3mg
Butylparaben 3.3mg
Citric acid 105mg
1 mol / L Sodium hydroxide appropriate amount
Amount to make the total volume of purified water 50mL
[0072]
Test example
About oral solution containing iron and ascorbic acid, one using W / O / W type composite emulsion containing iron (solution of Example 7) and one in which iron is dissolved as it is (solution of Comparative Example 5) The sensory evaluation was conducted on the degree of iron rust and astringency by a special panel of nine people.
[0073]
The sensory evaluation of the iron rust taste and astringency taste was performed by the following five-step evaluation.
1) I don't feel
2) Feel a little
3) Feel
4) Feel somewhat strong
5) Feel strong
The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Table 4 shows the results for the iron rust taste and Table 5 for the astringent taste. As is clear from the results shown in Tables 4 and 5, it was proved that the present invention can significantly reduce the metallic taste.
[0074]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004815575
[0075]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004815575
[0076]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to produce a W / O / W composite emulsion having a reduced oil droplet diameter and a high encapsulation rate of an encapsulated object. W / O / W composite type composite emulsion produced by this method is not preferable when it is administered as oil droplets in order to concentrate a water-soluble drug at a specific site to be administered, or in the same aqueous phase. This is particularly useful when two or more kinds of components that are impossible are contained in the same solution.
[0077]
According to the present invention, the water in the W / O emulsion is blended with a drug having a bitter or unpleasant taste and a drug that is easily destabilized by other components to produce a W / O / W composite emulsion. By doing so, it is possible to provide an internal liquid preparation with significantly improved ingestibility in the case of internal use, and in other applications, the internal aqueous phase and the external aqueous phase can be isolated, Ingredients that cause compounding contraindications that have been difficult to be combined at the same time can be added at the same time, and unstable drugs can be added stably, so that a solution with a long effective period can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the encapsulation rate of a substance to be encapsulated when a W / O / W composite emulsion is produced by the method of the present invention and a conventional method.

Claims (4)

水中油中水型複合エマルションを、細孔径の異なる複数の多孔質ガラス膜に、細孔孔径のより大きな多孔質ガラス膜から順次通過させて、油滴径がより小さい水中油中水型複合エマルションを製造することを特徴とする水中油中水型複合エマルションの製造方法。A water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion is passed through a plurality of porous glass membranes having different pore diameters from a porous glass membrane having a larger pore diameter, and the water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion having a smaller oil droplet size. A process for producing a water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion, characterized in that 水中油中水型複合エマルションを最初に通過させる多孔質ガラス膜として、2μmより大きく、30μm以下の細孔径を有する多孔質ガラス膜を使用し、この多孔質ガラス膜の細孔径に対して1から100倍の平均油滴径を有する水中油中水型複合エマルションを最初の膜に通過させた後、さらに2μm以下の細孔径を有する1以上の多孔質ガラス膜を細孔径のより大きい多孔質ガラス膜から小さい膜へと順次通過させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水中油中水型複合エマルションの製造方法。A porous glass membrane having a pore diameter of more than 2 μm and not more than 30 μm is used as the porous glass membrane that first passes through the water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion, and from 1 to the pore diameter of this porous glass membrane After passing a water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion having an average oil droplet size of 100 times through the first membrane, one or more porous glass membranes having a pore size of 2 μm or less are further converted into porous glass having a larger pore size. The method for producing a water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion according to claim 1, wherein the membrane is sequentially passed from a membrane to a small membrane. 0.05から30μmの平均細孔径を有する多孔質ガラス膜を使用することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の水中油中水型複合エマルションの製造方法。The method for producing a water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a porous glass membrane having an average pore diameter of 0.05 to 30 µm is used. 水中油中水型複合エマルションが、鉄を内部に封入する水中油中水型複合エマルションであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の水中油中水型複合エマルションの製造方法。The method for producing a water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion is a water-in-oil-in-water composite emulsion in which iron is enclosed. .
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