JP4819230B2 - Printing plate for laser exposure and its plate making method - Google Patents
Printing plate for laser exposure and its plate making method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4819230B2 JP4819230B2 JP2001045673A JP2001045673A JP4819230B2 JP 4819230 B2 JP4819230 B2 JP 4819230B2 JP 2001045673 A JP2001045673 A JP 2001045673A JP 2001045673 A JP2001045673 A JP 2001045673A JP 4819230 B2 JP4819230 B2 JP 4819230B2
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- Prior art keywords
- printing plate
- laser exposure
- treatment
- support
- bis
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- JNGZXGGOCLZBFB-IVCQMTBJSA-N compound E Chemical compound N([C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(N(C)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1)=O)C(=O)CC1=CC(F)=CC(F)=C1 JNGZXGGOCLZBFB-IVCQMTBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229940116349 dibasic ammonium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940061607 dibasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PUFGCEQWYLJYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N didodecyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC PUFGCEQWYLJYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl oxalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CNCC(C)O LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043276 diisopropanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N doxepin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C/CCN(C)C)/C2=CC=CC=C21 ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SEACYXSIPDVVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L eosin Y Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C([O-])=C(Br)C=C21 SEACYXSIPDVVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IINNWAYUJNWZRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L erythrosin B Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(I)C(=O)C(I)=C2OC2=C(I)C([O-])=C(I)C=C21 IINNWAYUJNWZRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940011411 erythrosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012732 erythrosine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004174 erythrosine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093858 ethyl acetoacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HNPDNOZNULJJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethenylcarbamate Chemical class CCOC(=O)NC=C HNPDNOZNULJJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117360 ethyl pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QNXSIUBBGPHDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indan-1-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)CCC2=C1 QNXSIUBBGPHDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001389 inorganic alkali salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940057867 methyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002755 poly(epichlorohydrin) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002338 polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010731 rolling oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940001496 tribasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium borate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
- Materials For Photolithography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はレーザー露光用印刷版に関するものである。詳しくはアルミニウム又はその合金板よりなる印刷において、耐刷性の優れる平版印刷版用支持体に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より平版印刷版は広く知られており種々の感光層がある。ネガ型の場合には、ジアゾ樹脂含有型、光重合型、光架橋型等がある。このような平版印刷版を作成するには、これらの平版印刷版上に透明のネガフィルム原稿(リスフィルム)をのせ、紫外線を用いて画像露光するのが一般的であり、そのため作業に非常に手間暇がかかっていた。
近年、画像形成技術の発展に伴い、可視領域の光線に対し高い感光性を有するフォトポリマーが要請されている。それは、例えば非接触型の投影露光製版や可視光レーザー製版等に適合した感光材料であり、光重合系が最も高感度である。該可視光レーザーとしてはArレーザーの488、514.5nm光、半導体レーザーの第2高調波光(SHG−LD、350〜600nm)、SHG−YAGレーザーの532nm光などが使用可能である。そこで感光層にある種の高感度な光重合性感光層を用いる事で、細くビームを絞ったレーザー光をその版面上に走査させ、文字原稿、画像原稿などを直接版面上に形成させ、フィルム原稿を用いず直接製版が可能となる。例えば、特公昭61−9621号、特開昭63−178105号、特開平2−244050号公報等に記載の感光性組成物の使用により、フィルム原稿を用いず直接製版が可能である。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来のこうした高感度光重合性のレーザー露光用印刷版は感光層と支持体の密着力が必ずしも強力ではないため、高速で大部数の印刷に使用すると、ベタ画像が抜けたり、細線やハイライト部が飛んだりする不具合を生じてしまう。感光層と支持体の密着力を十分強力にするために支持体表面微細構造に工夫がこらされているが、レーザー露光用の印刷版については、これまで十分な耐刷力を持つ表面構造が得られなかった。
従って本発明は、感光層と支持体の強固な密着力を実現し、耐刷性に優れる直接レーザー書き込み可能なネガ型光重合性平版印刷版用の支持体及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは光重合性組成物感光層を用いた平板印刷版において、電気化学的粗面化工程とデスマット工程を適切な条件で行うと、光重合性感光層に対するアンカー効果が強化され密着性が増し、耐刷性の優れた平版印刷版が得られることを見出した。
すなわち、本発明の第1の要旨は、支持体上に、(a)エチレン性不飽和化合物、(b)光重合開始剤を含有する光重合性組成物からなる感光性層が形成されるレーザー露光用印刷版であって、支持体として、その表面高さ分布のとがり度Skuが2.8以上となるものを使用することを特徴とするレーザー露光用印刷版、に存する。
【0005】
また、本発明の第2の要旨は、支持体上に、(a)エチレン性不飽和化合物、(b)光重合開始剤を含有する光重合性組成物からなる感光性層が形成されるレーザー露光用印刷版であって、支持体として、その表面高さ分布のゆがみ度Sskが−0.45以下となるものを使用することを特徴とするレーザー露光用印刷版、に存する。
更に、本発明の第3の要旨は、支持体上に、(a)エチレン性不飽和化合物、(b)光重合開始剤を含有する光重合性組成物からなる感光性層が形成されるレーザー露光用印刷版であって、支持体として、その表面の二乗平均平方根(RMS)偏差Sqが0.6μm以上となるものを使用することを特徴とするレーザー露光用印刷版、に存する。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、支持体上に、光重合性組成物からなる感光性層が形成されるレーザー露光用印刷版に関するが、支持体として、下記のパラメーターにより規定される特定の表面形状を有するものを使用することが特徴である。
このパラメーターは、European Communities の委員会によるレポートで規定されている三次元表面粗さパラメーター(Birmingham set of 14 paramerters: K.J.Stout, P.J.Sullivan, W.P.Dong,E.Manish, N.Luo,T.Mathia& H.Zahouani:The Development of Methods for the Characterization of Roughness in Three-Dimensions, Report EUR 15178 EN of the Commision of European Communities(1994)358)のうち、振幅と高さ分布の統計的パラメーターである、支持体の表面高さ分布のとがり度(クルトシス)Sku、その表面高さ分布のゆがみ度(スキューネス)Ssk、及びその表面の二乗平均平方根(RMS)偏差Sqにより規定されるものである。
以下、それぞれのパラメータについて説明する。
S ku :表面高さ分布のとがり度( Krutosis of Surface Height Distribution)
表面形状曲面の鋭さの尺度で、表面高さ分布の広がりを特徴づけるもので、次式で定義される。
【0007】
【数1】
これは表面形状曲面の四次モーメントを計算したものである。デジタルの形では次式で表される。
【0008】
【数2】
【0009】
Sku=3の時が正規分布であることを表し、Sku<3とき、表面高さ分布がつぶれているような形状をしており、Sku>3のときは逆に尖っていることを表す。図1にSkuの値の違いによる分布を示す。
【0010】
本発明においては、支持体の表面高さ分布のとがり度Skuが2.8以上、好ましくは2.9以上、更に好ましくは3.0以上となるものを使用する。
また、上限は特に制限はないが、5.0以下、好ましくは4.5以下、更に好ましくは4.0以下である。
S sk :表面高さ分布のゆがみ度( Skewness of Surface Height Distribution)
平均面を中心としたときの表面形状曲面の対称性を表するもので、表面高さ分布の歪み度合いを示す。Sskは次式で定義される。
【0011】
【数3】
【0012】
この式からわかるように、表面形状曲面の三次モーメントを計算したものである。デジタルの形では次式で表される。
【0013】
【数4】
【0014】
図2はSskの値の違いによる分布を示したものである。Ssk=0のとき、表面高さ分布が平均線に対して対称であることを示す。Ssk<0のときは、表面高さ分布が平均面に対して上側に偏っており、Ssk>0のときはその逆であることを表している。
本発明においては、支持体の表面高さ分布のゆがみ度Sskが−0.45以下、好ましくは−0.60以下、更に好ましくは−0.70以下、特には−0.80以下となるものを使用する。
また、上限は特に制限はないが、通常−2.0以上、好ましくは−1.8以上、更に好ましくは−1.5以上がよい。
S q :二乗平均平方根偏差( Root-Mean-Square Deviation)
二次元のRq(RMS)を三次元に拡張したものである。これは統計学での標準偏差σを表している。表面形状曲面と平均面との距離を二乗した曲面と、平均面によりはさまれる部分の体積を測定面積で割った後に平方根を求めた二乗平均平方根偏差である。平均面をXY面、縦方向をZ軸とし、測定された表面形状曲線をz=f(x,y)とする時、次式で定義される。
【0015】
【数5】
【0016】
ここで、Lx:x方向測定長 Ly:y方向測定長
通常、測定器で測定される離散データ形式(デジタル)では次式のようになる。
【数6】
このパラメータはサンプリング間隔には鈍感だが、2Dフィルターが使われる場合、サンプリング領域とその周波数帯域(カットオフ)の大きさに敏感である。
本発明においては、支持体の表面の二乗平均平方根(RMS)偏差Sq0.6μm以上、好ましくは0.62μm以上、更に好ましくは0.65μm以上となるものを使用する。
また、上限は特に制限はないが、通常2.0μm以下、好ましくは1.5μm以下、更に好ましくは1.2μm以下がよい。
【0017】
本発明の支持体としては、アルミニウム、亜鉛、銅、鋼等の金属板、アルミニウム、亜鉛、銅、鉄、クロム、ニッケル等をメッキ又は蒸着した金属板、紙、樹脂を塗布した紙、アルミニウム等の金属箔を貼着した紙、プラスチックフィルム、親水化処理したプラスチックフィルム、及びガラス板等が挙げられる。中で、好ましいのはアルミニウム板であり、以下、アルミニウム支持体を例にとり、本発明の特定の表面形状を有する支持体の製造方法について説明する。
【0018】
本発明に係わるアルミニウム支持体は、アルミニウム板を電気化学的に粗面化することにより製造する事が出来る。アルミニウム板としてはアルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金板の何れをも用いることが出来る。好ましいアルミニウム板の一例はJISH5002の1050材(Fe:0.5重量%以下、Si:0.5重量%以下、アルミニウム:99.5重量%以上)である。
アルミニウム板は、好ましくは溶剤等で洗浄して付着している圧延油などを除去した後アルカリエッチングに供される。アルカリエッチングは通常水酸化ナトリウムや水酸化カリウム等0.5〜40重量%水溶液を用いて、40〜90℃で3〜20秒間行えば良い。
【0019】
アルカリエッチングを経たアルミニウム板は、表面のアルカリ不溶性のスマットが生成しているので、硫酸、リン酸、硝酸、クロム酸などで処理してスマット除去する。好ましくは10重量%程度の硫酸水溶液で、0.5〜30秒間程度、好ましくは0.5〜10秒間処理する。この酸水溶液による処理は30〜40℃で行うのが好ましい。理由は不明であるが、酸を加温して用いることにより、アルミニウム支持体に耐刷性に優れた表面状態を形成する事が出来る。
酸によるスマット除去を経たアルミニウム板は、次いで、電気化学的粗面化処理に供される。電解液としては塩酸水溶液を用いるのが好ましい。所望なら、硝酸、硫酸等の無機酸や、クエン酸、酒石酸等の有機酸を添加してもよい。通常は0.1〜10重量%、好ましくは、0.5〜3重量%の塩酸水溶液を用いる。電解処理に伴い、電解液中にはアルミニウムイオンの蓄積があるが、電解液中のアルミニウムイオンは1〜6g/L、特に2〜5g/Lに制御するのが好ましい。
【0020】
電解処理の際の電流密度及び処理時間もアルミニウム支持体に形成される表面状態に大きく影響する。生産性の観点から電解処理は大きな電流密度で短時間で行うのが一般的であるが、本発明に係わるアルミニウム支持体とするには、比較的小さな電流密度で比較的長時間の電解処理を行う必要がある。通常は50又は60Hzの商用交流を用いて、通常50〜170A/dm2、好ましくは70〜150A/dm2の電流密度で、通常4〜18秒、好ましくは6〜14秒間の電解処理を行えばよい。しかし電流密度を更に低くして、更に長時間の電解処理を行う事は、生産性が低下するので実用的ではない。
【0021】
電気化学的粗面化を経たアルミニウム板は、次いで酸、またはアルカリ水溶液によるデスマット処理が施される。電気化学粗面化を経たアルミニウム板を、先ず、アルカリ水溶液で処理する。アルカリ水溶液の濃度は、通常0.01〜3%、好ましくは0.1〜1.0%であり、温度は、通常0〜80℃、好ましくは20〜60℃であり、処理時間は、好ましくは0.1〜60秒である。アルカリ水溶液に用いられる成分は特に限定されないが、水酸化ナトリウムが好ましい。
【0022】
更に残存するアルカリ不要のスマットを除去するために酸で処理するのが好ましい。酸も特に限定されないが、硫酸水溶液が好ましい。酸の条件としては、酸濃度が通常0.01%〜100%、好ましくは5〜30%であり、温度が通常0〜80℃、好ましくは20〜50℃であり、処理時間が0.1〜60秒である。
続く陽極酸化工程は、通常硫酸水溶液中で直流電流を用いて行うが、リン酸、クロム酸、スルファミン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸等の水溶液中で行ったり、硫酸水溶液にこれらの酸を添加したものを電解液として行うことも出来る。陽極酸化の条件に用いる電解液により大きく異なるが、一般的には、電解質濃度1〜40重量%、液温5〜70℃、電流密度0.5〜70A/dm2、電圧10〜50V、電解時間は5秒〜30秒間である。陽極酸化後は熱水処理、珪酸ソーダ処理、酢酸塩、親水性高分子化合物を含有する水溶液中での浸漬処理等の常法による封孔処理を施せば良い
このようにして製造された支持体は、その表面に残存するスマット量が、通常0.5mg/dm2以上であり、好ましくは3mg/dm2以上、特に好ましくは5mg/dm2以上となるように製造するのがよい。
【0023】
本発明に係わる感光性平版印刷版は、上記の方法により得られた特定の表面形状を有する支持体上に、光重合性感光層を形成したものである。感光性層を形成する光重合性組成物としては、(a)エチレン性不飽和化合物と(b)光重合開始系を含有するものである。
本発明の光重合性組成物を構成する(a)成分のエチレン性不飽和化合物は、光重合性組成物が活性光線の照射を受けたときに、後述する(b)成分の光重合開始系の作用により付加重合し、場合により架橋、硬化するようなエチレン性不飽和二重結合を有する単量体、及び、主鎖又は側鎖にこのような二重結合を有する重合体を言う。尚、ここで言う単量体の意味するところは、いわゆる重合体に相対する概念であって、狭義の単量体以外にも、二量体、三量体、その他オリゴマーをも包含するものである。
【0024】
それらの単量体としては、具体的には、例えば、(1) アクリル酸、メタクリル酸(尚、この両者を纏めて「(メタ)アクリル酸」と言うことがある。)等の不飽和カルボン酸類、(2) これらのアルキルエステル類、(3) エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールエタントリ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセロールジ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセロールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、及び同様のイタコネート、クロトネート、マレエート等の脂肪族ポリヒドロキシ化合物と不飽和カルボン酸とのエステル類、(4) ヒドロキノンジ(メタ)アクリレート、レゾルシンジ(メタ)アクリレート、ピロガロールトリ(メタ)アクリレート等の芳香族ポリヒドロキシ化合物と不飽和カルボン酸とのエステル類、(5) エチレングリコールと(メタ)アクリル酸とフタル酸との縮合物、ジエチレングリコールと(メタ)アクリル酸とマレイン酸との縮合物、ペンタエリスリトールと(メタ)アクリル酸とテレフタル酸との縮合物、ブタンジオールとグリセリンと(メタ)アクリル酸とアジピン酸との縮合物等のポリヒドロキシ化合物と不飽和カルボン酸と多価カルボン酸との縮合物類、(6) トリレンジイソシアネート等のポリイソシアネート化合物とヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート等の水酸基含有(メタ)アクリレートとの付加反応物等のウレタン(メタ)アクリレート類、(7) ポリイソシアネート化合物と水酸基含有ビニル化合物との付加反応物等のビニルウレタン類、(8) 多価エポキシ化合物とヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート等の水酸基含有(メタ)アクリレートとの付加反応物等のエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート類、(9) エチレンビス(メタ)アクリルアミド等のアクリルアミド類、(10)フタル酸ジアリル等のアリルエステル類、(11)ジビニルフタレート等のビニル基含有化合物、(12)(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルホスフェート、ビス((メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチル)ホスフェート等の(メタ)アクリロイル基含有燐酸エステル類、等が挙げられる。
【0025】
又、重合体としては、具体的には、例えば、主鎖に二重結合を有するものとして、(1) 不飽和ジカルボン酸とジヒドロキシ化合物との重縮合反応により得られるポリエステル類、(2) 不飽和ジカルボン酸とジアミン化合物との重縮合反応により得られるポリアミド類等、側鎖に二重結合を有するものとして、(3) イタコン酸、エチリデンマロン酸、プロピリデンコハク酸等とジヒドロキシ化合物との重縮合反応により得られるポリエステル類、(4) イタコン酸、エチリデンマロン酸、プロピリデンコハク酸等とジアミン化合物との重縮合反応により得られるポリアミド類、(5) ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ(2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート)、ポリエピクロルヒドリン等の側鎖にヒドロキシル基やハロゲン化メチル基等の如き反応活性な官能基を有する重合体と不飽和カルボン酸との反応により得られる重合体、等が挙げられる。
【0026】
次に光重合性組成物として用いる場合に使用する光重合開始系について説明する。光重合開始系は、通常ラジカル発生剤と増感剤から構成され、必要により重合加速剤を含む。
ラジカル発生剤としては、前記エチレン性単量体の重合を開始させうるものは全て使用できる。このうち、光励起された増感剤と何らかの作用を及ぼしあうことにより活性ラジカルを生成するラジカル発生剤としては、例えば、チタノセン類、ヘキサアリールビイミダゾール類、有機硼素アニオン(ボーレート)類、ハロゲン化炭化水素誘導体(ハロメチル基含有化合物)、ジアリールヨオードニウム塩、有機過酸化物等を挙げることができる。
【0027】
チタノセン類としては、例えば特開昭59−152396号、特開昭61−151197号各公報に記載されている各種チタノセン類から適宜選んで用いることができる。更に具体的には、ジ−シクロペンタジエニル−Ti−ジ−クロライド、ジ−シクロペンタジエニル−Ti−ビス−フェニル、ジ−シクロペンタジエニル−Ti−ビス−2,3,4,5,6−ペンタフルオロフェニ−1−イル、ジ−シクロペンタジエニル−Ti−ビス−2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロフェニ−1−イル、ジ−シクロペンタジエニル−Ti−ビス−2,4,6−トリフルオロフェニ−1−イル、ジシクロペンタジエニル−Ti−2,6−ジ−フルオロフェニ−1−イル、ジ−シクロペンタジエニル−Ti−ビス−2,4−ジ−フルオロフェニ−1−イル、ジ−メチルシクロペンタジエニル−Ti−ビス−2,3,4,5,6−テトラフルオロフェニ−1−イル、ジ−メチルシクロペンタジエニル−Ti−ビス−2,6−ジフルオロフェニ−1−イル、ジ−シクロペンタジエニル−Ti−ビス−2,6−ジフルオロ−3−(ピル−1−イル)−フェニ−1−イル等のジシクロペンタジエニル基を有するチタノセン化合物を挙げることができる。これらは、二種以上を併用して用いても良い。
【0028】
ヘキサアリールビイミダゾール類としては、例えば、2,2’−ビス(o−クロルフェニル)−4,4’,5,5’−テトラ(p−フルオロフェニル)ビイミダゾール、2,2’−ビス(o−ブロムフェニル)−4,4’,5,5’−テトラ(p−ヨードフェニル)ビイミダゾール、2,2’−ビス(o−クロルフェニル)−4,4’,5,5’−テトラ(p−クロルナフチル)ビイミダゾール、2,2’−ビス(o−クロルフェニル)−4,4’5,5’−テトラ(p−クロルフェニル)ビイミダゾール、2,2’−ビス(o−ブロムフェニル)−4,4’,5,5’−テトラ(p−クロル−p−メトキシフェニル)ビイミダゾール、2,2’−ビス(o−クロルフェニル)−4,4’,5,5’−テトラ(o,p−ジクロルフェニル)ビイミダゾール、2,2’−ビス(o−クロルフェニル)−4,4’5,5’−テトラ(o,p−ジブロムフェニル)ビイミダゾール、2,2’−ビス(o−ブロムフェニル)−4,4’5,5’−テトラ(o,p−ジクロルフェニル)ビイミダゾール、2,2’−ビス(o,p−ジクロルフェニル)−4,4’5,5’−テトラ(o,p−ジクロルフェニル)ビイミダゾール類等のベンゼン環上にハロゲン置換基を有するヘキサアリールビイミダゾール類が好ましい。
【0029】
こららのヘキサアリールビイミダゾール類は、必要に応じ、多種のビイミダゾールと併用して使用することもできる。ビイミダゾール類は例えばBull.Chem.Soc.Japan.33,565(1960)及びJ.Org.Chem.36[16]2262(1971)に開示されている方法により容易に合成することができる。
【0030】
有機硼素アニオンとしては、例えば、特開昭62−143044号、特開昭62−150242号、特開平9−188685号、特開平9−188686号、特開平9−188710号、特許第2764769号等の各公報、及び、Kunz,Martin “Rad Tech'98.Proceeding April 19-22,1998,Chicago ”等に記載のものが挙げられるが、特に、下記一般式(IV)で表されるものが好ましい。
【0031】
【化1】
【0032】
〔式(IV)中、R2、R3、R4、及びR5は各々独立して、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルキニル基、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、又は複素環基を示し、これらは互いに連結して環状構造を形成していてもよく、これらのうち少なくとも一つは置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基である。〕
【0033】
ここで、式(IV)中のR2、R3、R4、及びR5がアルキル基であるときの炭素数は通常1〜15、好ましくは1〜5、アルケニル基、アルキニル基であるときの炭素数は通常2〜15、好ましくは2〜5、アリール基であるときの炭素数は通常6〜20、好ましくは6〜15、複素環基であるときの炭素数は通常4〜20、好ましくは4〜15であり、それらにおける置換基としては、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、トリフルオロメチル基、トリメチルシリル基等が挙げられる。中でも、R2〜R4が独立にハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいフェニル基であり、R5が炭素数1〜6のアルキル基であるのが好ましい。
【0034】
これらの有機硼素アニオンとしては、具体的には、例えば、n−ブチル−メチル−ジフェニル硼素アニオン、n−ブチル−トリフェニル硼素アニオン、n−ブチル−トリス(2,4,6−トリメチルフェニル)硼素アニオン、n−ブチル−トリス(p−メトキシフェニル)硼素アニオン、n−ブチル−トリス(p−フルオロフェニル)硼素アニオン、n−ブチル−トリス(m−フルオロフェニル)硼素アニオン、n−ブチル−トリス(2,6−ジフルオロフェニル)硼素アニオン、n−ブチル−トリス(2,4,6−トリフルオロフェニル)硼素アニオン、n−ブチル−トリス(2,3,4,5,6−ペンタフルオロフェニル)硼素アニオン、n−ブチル−トリス(p−クロロフェニル)硼素アニオン、n−ブチル−トリス(トリフルオロメチル)硼素アニオン、n−ブチル−トリス(2,6−ジフルオロ−3−ピロリルフェニル)−硼素アニオン等が挙げられる。
【0035】
又、対カチオンとしては、例えば、アルカリ金属カチオン、アンモニウムカチオン、ホスホニウムカチオン、スルホニウムカチオン、ヨードニウムカチオン等のオニウム化合物、及び、ピリリウムカチオン、チアピリリウムカチオン、インドリウムカチオン等を挙げることができるが、テトラアルキルアンモニウム等の有機アンモニウムカチオンが好ましく、特に炭素数1〜6のアルキル基のテトラアルキルアンモニウムカチオンが好ましい。
【0036】
ハロメチル基含有化合物としては、モノ、ジ、又はトリハロゲン置換メチル基がs−トリアジン環に結合したs−トリアジン化合物が好ましく、下記一般式(V) で表されるものが特に好ましい。
【0037】
【化2】
【0038】
〔式(V)中、Xはハロゲン原子を示し、Wは置換基を有していてもよいアリール基又は複素環基を示し、R6は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、又はアリール基を示し、rは0〜2の整数である。〕
【0039】
これらのs−トリアジン化合物としては、具体的には、例えば、2−メチル−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−n−プロピル−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(α,α,β−トリクロロエチル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−フェニル−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(p−メトキシフェニル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(3,4−エポキシフェニル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(p−クロロフェニル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−〔1−(p−メトキシフェニル)−2,4−ブタジエニル〕−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−スチリル−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(p−メトキシスチリル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(p−i−プロピルオキシスチリル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(p−トリル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(4−メトキシナフチル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−フェニルチオ−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−ベンジルチオ−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−メチル−4,6−ビス(トリブロモメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−メトキシ−4,6−ビス(トリブロモメチル)−s−トリアジン等が挙げられ、中でも、2−メチル−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−フェニル−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(p−メトキシフェニル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(3,4−エポキシフェニル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−〔1−(p−メトキシフェニル)−2,4−ブタジエニル〕−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(p−メトキシスチリル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン、2−(p−i−プロピルオキシスチリル)−4,6−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−s−トリアジン等が経時安定性に優れ好ましい。
【0040】
これらラジカル発生剤は、露光波長により適宜選択して用いることが出来るが、例えば、露光波長が350〜650nmの範囲では、チタノセン類及び/又はヘキサアリールビイミダゾール類を用いるのが、感度、保存性、塗膜の基盤への密着性等が特に良好で好ましい。
また、露光波長が、650〜1300nmの場合には、有機硼素アニオン及び/又はハロメチル基含有化合物を用いるのが、感度、保存性、塗膜の基盤への密着性等が特に良好で好ましい。
次に、光重合開始系の内の増感剤について説明する。本発明における増感剤とは、前述の活性剤と共存した場合、光線照射により、効果的に活性ラジカルを発生しうる化合物を意味している。
【0041】
代表的な増感剤の例としては、例えば、米国特許第3,479,185号明細書に開示されているロイコクリスタルバイオレットやロイコマラカイトグリーンの様なトリフェニルメタン系ロイコ色素、エリスロシンやエオシンYのような光還元性染料、米国特許第3,549,367号明細書、米国特許第3,652,275号明細書等に開示されているミヒラーズケトンやアミノスチリルケトンの様なアミノフェニルケトン類、米国特許第3,844,790号明細書に示されるβ−ジケトン類、米国特許第4,162,162号明細書に見られるインダノン類、特開昭52−112681号公報に示されるケトクマリン類、特開昭59−56403号公報で開示されているアミノスチレン誘導体やアミノフェニルブタジエン誘導体、米国特許第4,594,310号明細書に見られるアミノフェニル複素環類、米国特許第4,966,830号明細書に示されるジュロリジン複素環類、特開平5−241338号公報に示されるピロメテン系色素、その他シアニン色素、ジアルキルベンゼン系化合物等が挙げられる。
【0042】
これら増感剤は露光波長により適宜選択して用いることができるが、露光波長が390〜430nmであれば、ジアルキルベンゼン系化合物が好ましく、露光波長が400〜650nmであれば、ケトクマリン類及びピロメテン系色素が好ましく、露光波長が650〜1300nmであればシアニン色素が好ましい。
【0043】
ジアルキルアミノベンゼン系化合物としては、ジアルキルアミノベンゼン構造を有し、任意の置換基を有していてよいが、中でも、ジアルキルアミノベンゾフェノン系化合物、ベンゼン環上のアミノ基に対してp−位の炭素原子に芳香族複素環基を置換基として有するジアルキルアミノベンゼン系化合物、及びこれらの化合物のジアルキルアミノ基を構成するアルキル基が互いに結合して、及び/又は該アルキル基がベンゼン環上のアミノ基の結合する炭素原子に隣接する炭素原子と結合して含窒素複素環構造を形成した構造の化合物が好ましい。尚、上記において、ジアルキルアミノ基を構成するアミノ基は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素数1〜6が好ましい。
【0044】
中でも好ましいジアルキルアミノベンゼン化合物は、下記一般式(VI)及び(VII)で示される。
【0045】
【化3】
【0046】
(式(VI)中、R7〜R10は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を、R11〜R14は、水素原子又は炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を示すが、R7とR8、R9とR10、R7とR11、R8とR12、R9とR13、R10とR14は、それぞれ独立に結合して環を形成していてもよい。)
【0047】
【化4】
【0048】
(式(VII)中、R15、R16はそれぞれ独立して炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を、R17及びR18は独立して水素原子又は炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を、Qは、酸素原子、硫黄原子、ジアルキルメチン基、又は−N(R19)−を示し、R19は水素原子又は、炭素1〜6のアルキル基を示す。但しR15とR16、R15とR17又はR16とR18がそれぞれ独立に結合して環を形成してもよい。)尚、ジアルキルメチレンのアルキル基の炭素数は1〜6、好ましくは1である。
式(VI)及び(VII)においてR7〜R18のいずれかが結合して環を形成する場合、5又は6員環であるのが好ましく、特に6員環が好ましい。
式(VI)で示される化合物としては、4,4’−ジメチルアミノベンゾフェノン、4,4’−ジエチルアミノベンゾフェノン及び下記構造の化合物が挙げられる。
【0049】
【化5】
【0050】
又、前記一般式(V)で表わされる化合物としては、2−(p−ジメチルアミノフェニル)ベンゾオキサゾール、2−(p−ジエチルアミノフェニル)ベンゾオキサゾール、2−(p−ジメチルアミノフェニル)ベンゾ〔4,5〕ベンゾオキサゾール、2−(p−ジメチルアミノフェニル)ベンゾ〔6,7〕ベンゾオキサゾール、2,5−ビス(p−ジエチルアミノフェニル)1,3,4−オキサゾール、2−(p−ジメチルアミノフェニル)ベンゾチアゾール、2−(p−ジエチルアミノフェニル)ベンゾチアゾール、2−(p−ジメチルアミノフェニル)ベンズイミダゾール、2−(p−ジエチルアミノフェニル)ベンズイミダゾール及び下記構造の化合物が挙げられる。
【0051】
【化6】
【0052】
シアニン色素は、窒素原子、酸素原子、又は硫黄原子等の複素原子がポリメチン(−CH=)n 鎖で結合された構造を基本構造とするものであり、代表的には、その複素原子が複素環を形成し、ポリメチン鎖を介して複素環が結合された構造を基本構造とする広義の所謂シアニン系色素、具体的には、例えば、キノリン系(所謂、シアニン系)、インドール系(所謂、インドシアニン系)、ベンゾチアゾール系(所謂、チオシアニン系)、ピリリウム系、チアピリリウム系、スクアリリウム系、クロコニウム系、アズレニウム系等、及び、ポリメチン鎖を介して非環式複素原子が結合された構造の所謂ポリメチン系色素等が挙げられ、中で、インドール系色素及びベンゾチアゾール系色素が好ましい。
インドール系、及びベンゾチアゾール系色素としては、特に、下記一般式(VIII)で表されるものが好ましい。
【0053】
【化7】
【0054】
〔式(VIII)中、Y1及びY2は各々独立して、ジアルキルメチレン基又は硫黄原子を示し、R20及びR21は各々独立して、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルキニル基、又は置換基を有していてもよいフェニル基を示し、L1置換基を有していても良いペンタ、ヘプタ、ノナ、又はウンデカメチン基を示す。
該ペンタ、ヘプタ、ノナ、又はウンデカメチン基上の2つの置換基が互いに連結して炭素数5〜7のシクロアルケン環、シクロアルケノン環、シクロアルケンジオン環、又はシクロアルケンチオン環を形成していてもよく、縮合ベンゼン環は置換基を有していてもよく、その場合、隣接する2つの置換基が互いに連結して縮合ベンゼン環を形成していてもよい。Xa - は対アニオンを示す。〕
【0055】
ここで、式(VIII)中のR20及びR21がアルキル基であるときの炭素数は、通常1〜15、好ましくは1〜10、アルケニル基、アルキニル基であるときの炭素数は、通常2〜15、好ましくは2〜10であり、フェニル基も含めたそれらの置換基としては、炭素数が通常1〜15、好ましくは1〜10のアルコキシ基、フェノキシ基、ヒドロキシ基、又はフェニル基等が挙げられ、L1における置換基としては、直接又はエーテルもしくはチオエーテル結合を介した芳香族環あるいは複素環、アルキル基、アミノ基、又はハロゲン原子等が挙げられ、縮合ベンゼン環における置換基としては、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、ニトロ基、又はハロゲン原子等が挙げられる。
これらのうち、直接又はエーテルもしくはチオエーテル結合を介した複素環をL1上に有するシアニン色素が好ましい。
【0056】
更に、本発明で用いる光重合開始系には必要に応じて、重合加速剤として、2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、2−メルカプトベンズイミダゾール、2−メルカプトベンズオキサゾール、3−メルカプト−1,2,4−トリアゾール、N−フェニルグリシン及びその誘導体、N,N−ジアルキル安息香酸アルキルエステル等の水素供与性化合物を加えることによって更に光重合開始能力を高めることができる。このうち特に好ましいのは、N−フェニルグリシンやその誘導体、2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、2−メルカプトベンズイミダゾール、2−メルカプトベンズオキサゾール、3−メルカプト−1,2,4−トリアゾール等のメルカプト基を有する化合物や、N,N−ジアルキル安息香酸アルキルエステルである。
【0057】
本発明の光重合性組成物は、前記(a)成分のエチレン性不飽和化合物、前記(b)成分の光重合開始系を含有するが、前記(a)成分の光重合性組成物全体に占める割合は、後述する他の成分の含有もあって、20〜80重量%であるのが好ましく、30〜70重量%であるのが特に好ましい。
【0058】
尚、本発明の光重合性組成物には、前記成分以外に、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、(メタ)アクリロニトリル、(メタ)アクリルアミド、マレイン酸、スチレン、酢酸ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、マレイミド等の単独又は共重合体、並びに、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリエーテル、ポリウレタン、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレンオキシド、アセチルセルロース等の有機高分子物質が結合材として、前記(A)成分のエチレン性不飽和化合物100重量部に対して10〜500重量部、特には20〜200重量部の範囲で含有されているのが好ましい。
【0059】
その他、必要に応じて、各種添加剤、例えば、ヒドロキノン、p−メトキシフェノール、2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール等の熱重合防止剤が2重量部以下、有機又は無機の染顔料からなる着色剤が50重量部以下、ジオクチルフタレート、ジドデシルフタレート、トリクレジルホスフェート、ジオクチルアジペート、トリエチレングリコールジカプリレート等の可塑剤が40重量部以下、三級アミン、チオール等の感度改善剤が5重量部以下、トリアリールメタン、ビスアリールメタン、キサンテン化合物、フルオラン化合物、チアジン化合物、並びに、その部分骨格としてラクトン、ラクタム、スルトン、スピロピラン構造を形成させた化合物等の色素ロイコ体等の色素前駆体が10重量部以下の各範囲で添加されていてもよい。
【0060】
本発明の前記光重合性組成物の感光材料としての使用形態は、使用目的に応じて、例えば、無溶媒で又は適当な溶媒で希釈して支持体表面に塗布し、乾燥させた形態、或いは更にその上に酸素遮断のためのオーバーコート層を設けた形態、異相媒体中に小滴分散させて複数種の感光材として多層に塗布した形態、マイクロカプセル中に内包させて支持体上に塗布した形態等を採り得るが、本発明の光重合性組成物は、該組成物を適当な溶媒に溶解した溶液として支持体表面に塗布した後、加熱、乾燥することにより、支持体表面に本発明の光重合性組成物の層が形成された光重合性平版印刷版としての使用形態が好適である。
【0061】
ここで、その溶媒としては、使用成分に対して十分な溶解度を持ち、良好な塗膜性を与えるものであれば特に制限はないが、例えば、メチルセロソルブ、エチルセロソルブ、メチルセロソルブアセテート、エチルセロソルブアセテート等のセロソルブ系溶媒、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル等のプロピレングリコール系溶媒、酢酸ブチル、酢酸アミル、酪酸エチル、酪酸ブチル、ジエチルオキサレート、ピルビン酸エチル、エチル−2−ヒドロキシブチレート、エチルアセトアセテート、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、3−メトキシプロピオン酸メチル等のエステル系溶媒、ヘプタノール、ヘキサノール、ジアセトンアルコール、フルフリルアルコール等のアルコール系溶媒、シクロヘキサノン、メチルアミルケトン等のケトン系溶媒、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドン等の高極性溶媒、或いはこれらの混合溶媒、更にはこれらに芳香族炭化水素を添加したもの等が挙げられる。溶媒の使用割合は、光重合性組成物の総量に対して、通常、重量比で1〜20倍程度の範囲である。
【0062】
又、その塗布方法としては、従来公知の方法、例えば、回転塗布、ワイヤーバー塗布、ディップ塗布、エアーナイフ塗布、ロール塗布、ブレード塗布、及びカーテン塗布等を用いることができる。塗布量は用途により異なるが、乾燥膜厚として、通常、0.3〜7μm、好ましくは0.5〜5μm、特に好ましくは1〜3μmの範囲とする。尚、その際の乾燥温度としては、例えば、60〜170℃程度、好ましくは70〜150℃程度、乾燥時間としては、例えば、5秒〜10分間程度、好ましくは10秒〜5分間程度が採られる。
【0063】
尚、通常、前記光重合性組成物層の上には、酸素による重合禁止作用を防止するために、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレンオキシド、セルロース等の酸素遮断層が設けられる。
本発明に係わる感光性平版印刷版は、その感光層の特性に応じて、カーボンアーク灯、高圧水銀灯、キセノンランプ、メタルハライドランプ、アルゴンイオンレーザー、FD−YAGレーザー、ヘリウムイオンレーザー、半導体レーザー、YAGレーザー等で露光し、水性アルカリ現像液等で現像することにより、平版印刷版とすることができる。
【0064】
本発明の前記光重合性平版印刷版を画像露光した感光体の現像に用いる現像液としては、例えば、珪酸ナトリウム、珪酸カリウム、珪酸リチウム、珪酸アンモニウム、メタ珪酸ナトリウム、メタ珪酸カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化リチウム、炭酸ナトリウム、重炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、第二燐酸ナトリウム、第三燐酸ナトリウム、第二燐酸アンモニウム、第三燐酸アンモニウム、硼酸ナトリウム、硼酸カリウム、硼酸アンモニウム等の無機アルカリ塩、モノメチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、モノエチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、モノイソプロピルアミン、ジイソプロピルアミン、モノブチルアミン、モノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、モノイソプロパノールアミン、ジイソプロパノールアミン等の有機アミン化合物の0.1〜5重量%程度の水溶液からなるアルカリ現像液を用いる。中で、無機アルカリ塩である珪酸ナトリウム、珪酸カリウム等のアルカリ金属の珪酸塩が好ましい。
【0065】
【実施例】
実施例1,2及び比較例1
下記のように調製したアルミニウム板支持体表面に、下記の(a)成分のエチレン性不飽和化合物、(b)成分の重合開始剤としてのラジカル発生剤、増感剤、重合加速剤、(c)成分の高分子結合材、及びその他成分、並びに溶媒からなる光重合性組成物塗布液をバーコーターを用いて乾燥膜厚が2.0g/m2 となるように塗布し、乾燥して光重合性組成物からなる感光性層を形成し、更にその上に、ポリビニルアルコールとポリビニルピロリドンの混合水溶液(ポリビニルアルコール:ポリビニルピロリドン=70重量%:30重量%)をバーコーターを用いて乾燥膜厚が3g/m2 となるように塗布し、乾燥して酸素遮断層を形成することにより、光重合性画像形成材としての感光性平版印刷版を作製した。
【0066】
支持体
厚さ0.24mmのアルミニウム板(材質:JIS−H5002の1050)を、65℃水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(3%)中で7秒間アルカリエッチングした後、35℃の硫酸水溶液(10%)中に3秒間浸漬してスマットを除去した。次いで正弦波交流電源(50Hz)を使用し、溶存アルミニウム濃度1.1g/Lの22℃塩酸水溶液(1.5%)中で、表−1の条件で電解エッチングを行った。
次いで50℃の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液中で表−1の条件でデスマット処理を行った後、硫酸水溶液(10%)でアルカリ不溶スマットを除去した。さらに直流電源を使用し、30℃の硫酸水溶液(20%)中で、電流密度10A/dm2で皮膜重量20mg/dm2の陽極酸化処理を行い、アルミニウム支持体を得た。
【0067】
【表1】
【0068】
この支持体表面の凹凸形状を、下記の測定条件によりAFMで測定した。測定したデータには針補正処理と曲面回帰処理を施した。曲面回帰とは2次曲面をあてはめて回帰処理をすることである。また、針補正処理とは、有限の大きさを持つ触針によって表面をトレースするので、試料表面の表面凹凸形状と測定データに違いが生じる。触針で突起部をトレースした場合には、軌跡は実表面より幅広くなり、谷底部をトレースした場合には幅が狭くなる。そこで、触針先端半径の影響を除去するために、測定データの機何学的補正を行う。このような処理を行ったデータから、表面高さ分布のとがり度Sku、表面高さ分布のゆがみ度Ssk、表面の二乗平均平方根(RMS)偏差Sqを求めた結果を下記の表−2に示した。また、陽極酸化前の支持体の重量を電子天秤で測定して、表面に残留するスマット量を求め併せて表−2に示した。
【0069】
【表2】
<測定条件>
測定機:SE−30K(小坂研究所製)
触針先端半径:2μm
測定力:0.3mN
測定領域:200μm×200μm
測定ピッチ:1μm
縦倍率:5000倍
送り速度:0.1mm/s
測定回数:3回
【表3】
【0070】
また、実施例1で得られた支持体表面の電子顕微鏡写真を測定した図を図−1に示す。
【0071】
(a)エチレン性不飽和化合物
▲1▼下記Aのメタクリロイルオキシエチルホスフェートとビス(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)ホスフェートとの混合物;11重量部
▲2▼下記Bのヘキサメチレンビス〔トリス(アクリロイルオキシメチル)エチルウレタン〕;22重量部
▲3▼下記Cの2,2−ビス(4−アクリロイルオキシジエチレンオキシフェニル)プロパン;22重量部
【0072】
【化8】
【0073】
(b)光重合開始系
(b−1)ラジカル発生剤
▲1▼ジシクロペンタジエニルチタニウムビス〔2,6−ジフルオロ−3−(1−ピロリル)フェニル〕;5重量部
【0074】
(b−2)増感剤
▲2▼下記Dの化合物;0.5重量部
▲3▼下記Eの化合物;0.5重量部
【0075】
【化9】
【0076】
(b−3)重合加速剤
▲4▼2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾール;5重量部
▲5▼N−フェニルグリシンベンジルエステル;5重量部
【0077】
(c)高分子結合材
▲1▼メチルメタクリレート(80モル%)/メタクリル酸(20モル%)共重合体(重量平均分子量5万)に、3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメチルアクリレートを反応させて得られた反応生成物(酸化53、メタクリル酸成分のカルボキシル基の50モル%が反応);45重量部
【0078】
その他成分
▲1▼顔料(P.B.15:6);4重量部
▲2▼分散剤(ビックケミー社製「Disperbyk 161」);2重量部
▲3▼界面活性剤(花王社製「エマルゲン104P」);2重量部
▲4▼界面活性剤(旭硝子社製「S−381」);0.3重量部
【0079】
溶媒
▲1▼プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート;600重量部
▲2▼シクロヘキサノン;545重量部
【0080】
耐刷性試験
耐刷性測定には印刷機として三菱重工社製オフセット枚葉印刷機DAIYA−1Fを使用し、インキは東洋インキ社製ハイエコー紅Mを使用した。印圧は通常より50μm増やして加速した。印刷を開始してから10,000枚毎に印刷物を抜き取り、ベタのやられ具合を目視評価した。その結果、実施例1及び2においては、8万枚以上の印刷枚数でベタ再現性が良好であった。一方、比較例1においては、ベタ再現性が良好であったのは3万枚までであり、それ以上は再現性が低下しており、実施例1及び2のいずれも比較例1と比べて優れた耐刷性を示した。
また、実施例1と2で作製した感光性平版印刷版は、いずれも露光、現像により良好な画像が得られた。
【0081】
【発明の効果】
本発明の特定の表面形状を有する支持体を用いれば、光重合性組成物よりなる感光層を設けても耐刷性の優れた平版印刷版を得ることができ、特にレーザー露光用に好適である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】表面高さ分布のとがり度Skuの値の違いによる分布を示す図である。
【図2】表面高さ分布のゆがみ度Sskの値の違いによる分布を示す図である。
【図3】本発明の実施例1で製造した支持体表面の電子顕微鏡写真を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a printing plate for laser exposure. Specifically, the present invention relates to a lithographic printing plate support having excellent printing durability in printing made of aluminum or an alloy plate thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, lithographic printing plates are widely known and have various photosensitive layers. In the negative type, there are a diazo resin-containing type, a photopolymerization type, a photocrosslinking type, and the like. In order to prepare such a lithographic printing plate, it is common to place a transparent negative film manuscript (lith film) on these lithographic printing plates and to expose the image using ultraviolet rays. It took time and effort.
In recent years, with the development of image forming technology, a photopolymer having high photosensitivity to light in the visible region has been demanded. For example, it is a photosensitive material suitable for non-contact type projection exposure plate making, visible light laser plate making and the like, and its photopolymerization system has the highest sensitivity. As the visible light laser, 488, 514.5 nm light of Ar laser, second harmonic light (SHG-LD, 350 to 600 nm) of semiconductor laser, 532 nm light of SHG-YAG laser, or the like can be used. Therefore, by using a kind of high-sensitivity photopolymerizable photosensitive layer in the photosensitive layer, a laser beam with a narrow beam focused is scanned on the plate surface, and a character document, an image document, etc. are directly formed on the plate surface. Direct plate-making is possible without using a manuscript. For example, by using the photosensitive composition described in JP-B-61-9621, JP-A-63-178105, JP-A-2-244050, etc., direct plate-making can be performed without using a film original.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since such conventional high-sensitivity photopolymerizable printing plates for laser exposure do not necessarily have strong adhesion between the photosensitive layer and the support, solid images may be lost, thin lines, This causes a problem that the highlight part flies. In order to make the adhesion between the photosensitive layer and the support sufficiently strong, the surface fine structure of the support has been devised. However, for printing plates for laser exposure, a surface structure with sufficient printing durability has been developed so far. It was not obtained.
Therefore, the present invention provides a support for a negative photopolymerizable lithographic printing plate capable of direct laser writing, which realizes a strong adhesion between the photosensitive layer and the support and is excellent in printing durability, and a method for producing the same. Objective.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the lithographic printing plate using the photopolymerizable composition photosensitive layer, when the electrochemical surface roughening step and the desmutting step are performed under appropriate conditions, the anchor effect on the photopolymerizable photosensitive layer is enhanced and adhesion is improved. It has been found that a lithographic printing plate with excellent printing durability can be obtained.
That is, the first gist of the present invention is a laser in which a photosensitive layer comprising a photopolymerizable composition containing (a) an ethylenically unsaturated compound and (b) a photopolymerization initiator is formed on a support. A printing plate for exposure, which is a printing plate for laser exposure characterized by using a support having a surface height distribution with a sharpness Sku of 2.8 or more.
[0005]
The second gist of the present invention is a laser in which a photosensitive layer comprising a photopolymerizable composition containing (a) an ethylenically unsaturated compound and (b) a photopolymerization initiator is formed on a support. A printing plate for exposure, which is a printing plate for laser exposure, wherein a support having a surface height distribution with a degree of distortion Ssk of −0.45 or less is used as a support.
Further, the third gist of the present invention is a laser in which a photosensitive layer comprising a photopolymerizable composition containing (a) an ethylenically unsaturated compound and (b) a photopolymerization initiator is formed on a support. A printing plate for exposure, which is a printing plate for laser exposure, wherein a support having a root mean square (RMS) deviation Sq of 0.6 μm or more is used as a support.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a printing plate for laser exposure in which a photosensitive layer made of a photopolymerizable composition is formed on a support, and the support has a specific surface shape defined by the following parameters. It is characteristic to use.
This parameter is a three-dimensional surface roughness parameter (Birmingham set of 14 paramerters: KJStout, PJSullivan, WPDong, E. Manish, N. Luo, T. Mathia & H, as defined in the European Communities Committee report) Zahouani: The Development of Methods for the Characterization of Roughness in Three-Dimensions, Report EUR 15178 EN of the Commision of European Communities (1994) 358), which is a statistical parameter of amplitude and height distribution, It is defined by the kurtosis Sku of the surface height distribution, the skewness Ssk of the surface height distribution, and the root mean square (RMS) deviation Sq of the surface.
Hereinafter, each parameter will be described.
S ku : Sharpness of surface height distribution ( Krutosis of Surface Height Distribution)
A measure of the sharpness of the surface shape curved surface, which characterizes the spread of the surface height distribution, and is defined by the following equation.
[0007]
[Expression 1]
This is a calculation of the fourth moment of the surface shape curved surface. In digital form, it is expressed as:
[0008]
[Expression 2]
[0009]
Sku= 3 indicates normal distribution, Sku<3 When the surface height distribution is crushed, SkuOn the other hand, when it is> 3, it is pointed. S in FIG.kuThe distribution by the difference of the value of is shown.
[0010]
In the present invention, a support whose surface height distribution has a degree of sharpness Sku of 2.8 or more, preferably 2.9 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more is used.
The upper limit is not particularly limited, but is 5.0 or less, preferably 4.5 or less, and more preferably 4.0 or less.
S sk : Degree of distortion of surface height distribution ( Skewness of Surface Height Distribution)
This represents the symmetry of the surface shape curved surface with the average surface as the center, and indicates the degree of distortion of the surface height distribution. SskIs defined as:
[0011]
[Equation 3]
[0012]
As can be seen from this equation, the third moment of the surface shape curved surface is calculated. In digital form, it is expressed as:
[0013]
[Expression 4]
[0014]
2 shows SskIt shows the distribution by the difference of the value of. SskWhen = 0, the surface height distribution is symmetric with respect to the average line. SskWhen <0, the surface height distribution is biased upward with respect to the average surface, and SskWhen> 0, the opposite is true.
In the present invention, the degree of distortion Ssk of the surface height distribution of the support is −0.45 or less, preferably −0.60 or less, more preferably −0.70 or less, and particularly −0.80 or less. Is used.
The upper limit is not particularly limited, but is usually −2.0 or more, preferably −1.8 or more, and more preferably −1.5 or more.
S q : Root mean square deviation ( (Root-Mean-Square Deviation)
Two-dimensional Rq (RMS) is expanded to three dimensions. This represents the standard deviation σ in statistics. This is a root mean square deviation obtained by dividing the volume of the portion sandwiched by the mean surface by the square of the distance between the surface shape curved surface and the mean surface and then finding the square root after dividing the volume by the measurement area. When the average plane is the XY plane, the vertical direction is the Z axis, and the measured surface shape curve is z = f (x, y), the following equation is defined.
[0015]
[Equation 5]
[0016]
Where Lx: X-direction measurement length Ly: Y direction measurement length
Usually, in the discrete data format (digital) measured by a measuring instrument, the following equation is obtained.
[Formula 6]
This parameter is insensitive to the sampling interval, but is sensitive to the size of the sampling region and its frequency band (cutoff) when a 2D filter is used.
In the present invention, a material having a root mean square (RMS) deviation Sq of 0.6 μm or more, preferably 0.62 μm or more, more preferably 0.65 μm or more is used.
The upper limit is not particularly limited, but is usually 2.0 μm or less, preferably 1.5 μm or less, and more preferably 1.2 μm or less.
[0017]
Examples of the support of the present invention include a metal plate such as aluminum, zinc, copper, and steel, a metal plate plated or vapor-deposited with aluminum, zinc, copper, iron, chromium, nickel, paper, paper coated with resin, aluminum, etc. Paper, plastic film, hydrophilized plastic film, glass plate, and the like with a metal foil attached thereto. Among them, preferred is an aluminum plate, and the method for producing a support having a specific surface shape according to the present invention will be described below taking an aluminum support as an example.
[0018]
The aluminum support according to the present invention can be produced by electrochemically roughening an aluminum plate. As the aluminum plate, any of aluminum and aluminum alloy plates can be used. An example of a preferable aluminum plate is 1050 material of JISH5002 (Fe: 0.5 wt% or less, Si: 0.5 wt% or less, aluminum: 99.5 wt% or more).
The aluminum plate is preferably subjected to alkali etching after being removed by washing with a solvent or the like to remove the adhering rolling oil. Alkaline etching may be usually performed at 40 to 90 ° C. for 3 to 20 seconds using a 0.5 to 40 wt% aqueous solution such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
[0019]
The aluminum plate that has undergone alkali etching has an alkali-insoluble smut formed on the surface, so that the smut is removed by treatment with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, chromic acid, or the like. Preferably, it is treated with a sulfuric acid aqueous solution of about 10% by weight for about 0.5 to 30 seconds, preferably 0.5 to 10 seconds. The treatment with the acid aqueous solution is preferably performed at 30 to 40 ° C. Although the reason is unclear, a surface state excellent in printing durability can be formed on the aluminum support by using the acid heated.
The aluminum plate that has been subjected to smut removal with an acid is then subjected to an electrochemical roughening treatment. As the electrolytic solution, an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is preferably used. If desired, inorganic acids such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and organic acids such as citric acid and tartaric acid may be added. Usually, 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight of an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is used. Along with the electrolytic treatment, aluminum ions accumulate in the electrolytic solution, but the aluminum ions in the electrolytic solution are preferably controlled to 1 to 6 g / L, particularly 2 to 5 g / L.
[0020]
The current density and the treatment time during the electrolytic treatment also greatly affect the surface state formed on the aluminum support. From the viewpoint of productivity, the electrolytic treatment is generally performed in a short time at a large current density. However, in order to obtain the aluminum support according to the present invention, the electrolytic treatment is performed at a relatively small current density for a relatively long time. There is a need to do. Usually 50 to 170 A / dm using commercial AC of 50 or 60 Hz2, Preferably 70 to 150 A / dm2The electrolytic treatment may be usually performed at a current density of 4 to 18 seconds, preferably 6 to 14 seconds. However, it is not practical to further reduce the current density and perform the electrolytic treatment for a longer time because productivity is lowered.
[0021]
The aluminum plate that has undergone electrochemical surface roughening is then subjected to a desmutting treatment with an acid or alkaline aqueous solution. The aluminum plate that has been subjected to electrochemical roughening is first treated with an alkaline aqueous solution. The concentration of the alkaline aqueous solution is usually 0.01 to 3%, preferably 0.1 to 1.0%, the temperature is usually 0 to 80 ° C., preferably 20 to 60 ° C., and the treatment time is preferably Is 0.1 to 60 seconds. Although the component used for aqueous alkali solution is not specifically limited, Sodium hydroxide is preferable.
[0022]
Furthermore, it is preferable to treat with an acid in order to remove the remaining alkali-free smut. The acid is not particularly limited, but an aqueous sulfuric acid solution is preferable. As the acid conditions, the acid concentration is usually 0.01% to 100%, preferably 5 to 30%, the temperature is usually 0 to 80 ° C., preferably 20 to 50 ° C., and the treatment time is 0.1. ~ 60 seconds.
The subsequent anodic oxidation step is usually carried out in a sulfuric acid aqueous solution using a direct current, but it is carried out in an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, chromic acid, sulfamic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, etc. It can also be performed as an electrolytic solution. Although it varies greatly depending on the electrolytic solution used for anodizing conditions, generally, the electrolyte concentration is 1 to 40% by weight, the liquid temperature is 5 to 70 ° C., and the current density is 0.5 to 70 A / dm.2The voltage is 10 to 50 V and the electrolysis time is 5 to 30 seconds. After anodizing, it may be subjected to sealing treatment by conventional methods such as hot water treatment, sodium silicate treatment, dipping treatment in an aqueous solution containing acetate and hydrophilic polymer compound.
The support thus produced has a smut amount remaining on the surface of usually 0.5 mg / dm.2Or more, preferably 3 mg / dm2Above, particularly preferably 5 mg / dm2It is good to manufacture so that it may become the above.
[0023]
The photosensitive lithographic printing plate according to the present invention is obtained by forming a photopolymerizable photosensitive layer on a support having a specific surface shape obtained by the above method. The photopolymerizable composition for forming the photosensitive layer contains (a) an ethylenically unsaturated compound and (b) a photopolymerization initiation system.
The ethylenically unsaturated compound of component (a) constituting the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention is a photopolymerization initiation system of component (b) described later when the photopolymerizable composition is irradiated with actinic rays. A monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond that undergoes addition polymerization by the action of, and optionally crosslinks and cures, and a polymer having such a double bond in the main chain or side chain. In addition, the meaning of the monomer said here is the concept opposite to what is called a polymer, Comprising: In addition to a monomer in a narrow sense, a dimer, a trimer, and another oligomer are included. is there.
[0024]
Specific examples of these monomers include unsaturated carboxylic acids such as (1) acrylic acid and methacrylic acid (which may be collectively referred to as “(meth) acrylic acid”). Acids, (2) these alkyl esters, (3) ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolethane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane Tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, dipentaeth Esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids with aliphatic polyhydroxy compounds such as sitolol hexa (meth) acrylate, glycerol di (meth) acrylate, glycerol tri (meth) acrylate, and similar itaconate, crotonate, maleate, etc. (4) Esters of aromatic polyhydroxy compounds such as hydroquinone di (meth) acrylate, resorcin di (meth) acrylate, pyrogallol tri (meth) acrylate and unsaturated carboxylic acids, (5) ethylene glycol, (meth) acrylic acid and phthalic acid Condensates of diethylene glycol, (meth) acrylic acid and maleic acid, pentaerythritol, (meth) acrylic acid and terephthalic acid, butanediol, glycerin, (meth) acrylic acid and adipic acid Polycondensates, etc. Condensates of hydroxy compounds, unsaturated carboxylic acids and polyvalent carboxylic acids, (6) addition reaction products of polyisocyanate compounds such as tolylene diisocyanate and hydroxyl-containing (meth) acrylates such as hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, etc. Urethane (meth) acrylates, (7) vinylurethanes such as addition reaction product of polyisocyanate compound and hydroxyl group-containing vinyl compound, (8) hydroxyl group content (meta) such as polyvalent epoxy compound and hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate ) Epoxy (meth) acrylates such as addition reaction products with acrylate, (9) Acrylamides such as ethylenebis (meth) acrylamide, (10) Allyl esters such as diallyl phthalate, (11) Vinyl such as divinyl phthalate Group-containing compounds, (12) (meth) acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, bis And (meth) acryloyl group-containing phosphate esters such as ((meth) acryloyloxyethyl) phosphate.
[0025]
The polymer specifically includes, for example, (1) polyesters obtained by polycondensation reaction of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and dihydroxy compound, (2) polyesters having a double bond in the main chain. Polyamides obtained by polycondensation reaction of a saturated dicarboxylic acid and a diamine compound, etc., having a double bond in the side chain, (3) The polymerization of itaconic acid, ethylidene malonic acid, propylidene succinic acid, etc. Polyesters obtained by condensation reaction, (4) Polyamides obtained by polycondensation reaction of itaconic acid, ethylidene malonic acid, propylidene succinic acid and the like with a diamine compound, (5) Polyvinyl alcohol, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) ), Reactive functionalities such as hydroxyl groups and methyl halide groups on the side chains of polyepichlorohydrin, etc. A polymer obtained by a reaction between the polymer and the unsaturated carboxylic acid having, and the like.
[0026]
Next, a photopolymerization initiation system used when used as a photopolymerizable composition will be described. The photopolymerization initiation system is usually composed of a radical generator and a sensitizer, and optionally contains a polymerization accelerator.
Any radical generator that can initiate the polymerization of the ethylenic monomer can be used. Among these, radical generators that generate active radicals by interacting with photoexcited sensitizers include, for example, titanocenes, hexaarylbiimidazoles, organoboron anions (borates), halogenated carbonization, and the like. Examples thereof include hydrogen derivatives (halomethyl group-containing compounds), diarylioodonium salts, organic peroxides, and the like.
[0027]
As titanocenes, for example, various titanocenes described in JP-A Nos. 59-152396 and 61-151197 can be appropriately selected and used. More specifically, di-cyclopentadienyl-Ti-di-chloride, di-cyclopentadienyl-Ti-bis-phenyl, di-cyclopentadienyl-Ti-bis-2,3,4,5 , 6-pentafluorophen-1-yl, di-cyclopentadienyl-Ti-bis-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophen-1-yl, di-cyclopentadienyl-Ti-bis-2 , 4,6-trifluorophen-1-yl, dicyclopentadienyl-Ti-2,6-di-fluorophen-1-yl, di-cyclopentadienyl-Ti-bis-2,4-di -Fluorophen-1-yl, di-methylcyclopentadienyl-Ti-bis-2,3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophen-1-yl, di-methylcyclopentadienyl-Ti-bis- 2,6-diflu Titanocene compounds having a dicyclopentadienyl group such as lophen-1-yl, di-cyclopentadienyl-Ti-bis-2,6-difluoro-3- (pyr-1-yl) -phen-1-yl Can be mentioned. You may use these in combination of 2 or more types.
[0028]
Examples of hexaarylbiimidazoles include 2,2′-bis (o-chlorophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′-tetra (p-fluorophenyl) biimidazole, 2,2′-bis ( o-bromophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′-tetra (p-iodophenyl) biimidazole, 2,2′-bis (o-chlorophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′-tetra (P-chloronaphthyl) biimidazole, 2,2'-bis (o-chlorophenyl) -4,4'5,5'-tetra (p-chlorophenyl) biimidazole, 2,2'-bis (o- Bromophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′-tetra (p-chloro-p-methoxyphenyl) biimidazole, 2,2′-bis (o-chlorophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5 ′ -Tetra (o, p-dichlorophenyl) bi Midazole, 2,2'-bis (o-chlorophenyl) -4,4'5,5'-tetra (o, p-dibromophenyl) biimidazole, 2,2'-bis (o-bromophenyl)- 4,4′5,5′-tetra (o, p-dichlorophenyl) biimidazole, 2,2′-bis (o, p-dichlorophenyl) -4,4′5,5′-tetra (o , P-Dichlorophenyl) biimidazoles and the like are preferred hexaarylbiimidazoles having a halogen substituent on the benzene ring.
[0029]
These hexaarylbiimidazoles can be used in combination with various types of biimidazoles as necessary. Biimidazoles are described, for example, in Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan. 33,565 (1960) and J.H. Org. Chem. 36 [16] 2262 (1971) can be easily synthesized.
[0030]
Examples of the organic boron anion include, for example, JP-A-62-143044, JP-A-62-1050242, JP-A-9-188585, JP-A-9-188686, JP-A-9-188710, and Japanese Patent No. 2764769. And those described in Kunz, Martin “Rad Tech'98. Proceeding April 19-22, 1998, Chicago” and the like, particularly those represented by the following general formula (IV) are preferable. .
[0031]
[Chemical 1]
[0032]
[In formula (IV), R2, RThree, RFourAnd RFiveEach independently represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, an alkynyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. A preferable aryl group or heterocyclic group, which may be linked to each other to form a cyclic structure, and at least one of them may be an alkyl group which may have a substituent. ]
[0033]
Here, R in the formula (IV)2, RThree, RFourAnd RFiveThe number of carbons when is an alkyl group is usually 1-15, preferably 1-5, the number of carbons when an alkenyl group or alkynyl group is usually 2-15, preferably 2-5, when an aryl group. Carbon number is 6-20 normally, Preferably it is 6-15, Carbon number is 4-20 normally when it is a heterocyclic group, Preferably it is 4-15, As a substituent in them, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, Examples include an alkoxy group, a trifluoromethyl group, and a trimethylsilyl group. Above all, R2~ RFourAre independently phenyl groups optionally substituted with halogen atoms, and RFiveIs preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
[0034]
Specific examples of these organic boron anions include n-butyl-methyl-diphenyl boron anion, n-butyl-triphenyl boron anion, and n-butyl-tris (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) boron. Anion, n-butyl-tris (p-methoxyphenyl) boron anion, n-butyl-tris (p-fluorophenyl) boron anion, n-butyl-tris (m-fluorophenyl) boron anion, n-butyl-tris ( 2,6-difluorophenyl) boron anion, n-butyl-tris (2,4,6-trifluorophenyl) boron anion, n-butyl-tris (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) boron Anion, n-butyl-tris (p-chlorophenyl) boron anion, n-butyl-tris (trifluorome Le) boron anion, n- butyl - tris (2,6-difluoro-3-pyrrolyl-phenyl) - boron anion, and the like.
[0035]
Examples of the counter cation include onium compounds such as alkali metal cations, ammonium cations, phosphonium cations, sulfonium cations, iodonium cations, pyrylium cations, thiapyrylium cations, indolium cations, and the like. An organic ammonium cation such as tetraalkylammonium is preferable, and a tetraalkylammonium cation having an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
[0036]
As the halomethyl group-containing compound, an s-triazine compound in which a mono, di, or trihalogen-substituted methyl group is bonded to an s-triazine ring is preferable, and a compound represented by the following general formula (V) is particularly preferable.
[0037]
[Chemical 2]
[0038]
[In the formula (V), X represents a halogen atom, W represents an aryl group or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and R6Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, and r is an integer of 0-2. ]
[0039]
Specific examples of these s-triazine compounds include 2-methyl-4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2-n-propyl-4,6-bis (trichloromethyl)- s-triazine, 2- (α, α, β-trichloroethyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2-phenyl-4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2 -(P-methoxyphenyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (3,4-epoxyphenyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- ( p-chlorophenyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- [1- (p-methoxyphenyl) -2,4-butadienyl] -4,6-bis (trichlorome ) -S-triazine, 2-styryl-4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (p-methoxystyryl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (Pi-propyloxystyryl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (p-tolyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (4 -Methoxynaphthyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2-phenylthio-4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2-benzylthio-4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -S-triazine, 2-methyl-4,6-bis (tribromomethyl) -s-triazine, 2-methoxy-4,6-bis (tribromomethyl) -s-triazi Among them, among them, 2-methyl-4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2-phenyl-4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (p-methoxyphenyl) ) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (3,4-epoxyphenyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- [1- (p-methoxy) Phenyl) -2,4-butadienyl] -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (p-methoxystyryl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- ( (pi-propyloxystyryl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine and the like are preferable because of excellent stability over time.
[0040]
These radical generators can be appropriately selected and used depending on the exposure wavelength. For example, when the exposure wavelength is in the range of 350 to 650 nm, it is preferable to use titanocenes and / or hexaarylbiimidazoles for sensitivity and storage stability. The adhesion of the coating film to the substrate is particularly good and preferable.
When the exposure wavelength is from 650 to 1300 nm, it is preferable to use an organic boron anion and / or a halomethyl group-containing compound because of particularly good sensitivity, storage stability, adhesion to the base of the coating film, and the like.
Next, the sensitizer in the photopolymerization initiation system will be described. The sensitizer in the present invention means a compound that can effectively generate active radicals upon irradiation with light when coexisting with the aforementioned activator.
[0041]
Examples of typical sensitizers include triphenylmethane leuco dyes such as leuco crystal violet and leucomalachite green, erythrosine and eosin Y disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,479,185. Photoreducible dyes such as, aminophenyl ketones such as Michler's ketone and aminostyryl ketone disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,549,367, US Pat. No. 3,652,275, etc. Β-diketones shown in US Pat. No. 3,844,790, indanones found in US Pat. No. 4,162,162, ketocoumarins shown in JP-A-52-112681, Aminostyrene derivatives and aminophenylbutadiene derivatives disclosed in JP-A-59-56403, US Aminophenyl heterocycles as shown in US Pat. No. 4,594,310, julolidine heterocycles as shown in US Pat. No. 4,966,830, and pyromethenes as shown in JP-A-5-241338 Examples thereof include dyes, other cyanine dyes, and dialkylbenzene compounds.
[0042]
These sensitizers can be appropriately selected and used depending on the exposure wavelength. If the exposure wavelength is 390 to 430 nm, dialkylbenzene compounds are preferable, and if the exposure wavelength is 400 to 650 nm, ketocoumarins and pyromethenes are used. A dye is preferred, and a cyanine dye is preferred if the exposure wavelength is from 650 to 1300 nm.
[0043]
The dialkylaminobenzene compound has a dialkylaminobenzene structure and may have an arbitrary substituent. Among them, a dialkylaminobenzophenone compound, a p-position carbon with respect to an amino group on the benzene ring. Dialkylaminobenzene compounds having an aromatic heterocyclic group as a substituent at the atom and the alkyl group constituting the dialkylamino group of these compounds are bonded to each other and / or the alkyl group is an amino group on the benzene ring. A compound having a structure in which a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic structure is formed by bonding to a carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom to which is bonded is preferable. In the above, the amino groups constituting the dialkylamino group may be the same as or different from each other, and preferably have 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
[0044]
Among them, preferred dialkylaminobenzene compounds are represented by the following general formulas (VI) and (VII).
[0045]
[Chemical Formula 3]
[0046]
(In the formula (VI), R7~ RTenEach independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R11~ R14Represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;7And R8, R9And RTen, R7And R11, R8And R12, R9And R13, RTenAnd R14May be bonded independently to form a ring. )
[0047]
[Formula 4]
[0048]
(In the formula (VII), R15, R16Each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R17And R18Is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Q is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a dialkylmethine group, or —N (R19)-And R19Represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. However, R15And R16, R15And R17Or R16And R18May be bonded independently to form a ring. The carbon number of the alkyl group of dialkylmethylene is 1 to 6, preferably 1.
R in formulas (VI) and (VII)7~ R18When any of these bonds to form a ring, a 5- or 6-membered ring is preferable, and a 6-membered ring is particularly preferable.
Examples of the compound represented by the formula (VI) include 4,4'-dimethylaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-diethylaminobenzophenone, and compounds having the following structure.
[0049]
[Chemical formula 5]
[0050]
Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (V) include 2- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) benzoxazole, 2- (p-diethylaminophenyl) benzoxazole, 2- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) benzo [4 , 5] benzoxazole, 2- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) benzo [6,7] benzoxazole, 2,5-bis (p-diethylaminophenyl) 1,3,4-oxazole, 2- (p-dimethylamino) Examples include phenyl) benzothiazole, 2- (p-diethylaminophenyl) benzothiazole, 2- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) benzimidazole, 2- (p-diethylaminophenyl) benzimidazole, and compounds having the following structure.
[0051]
[Chemical 6]
[0052]
A cyanine dye has a basic structure in which a hetero atom such as a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom is bonded with a polymethine (-CH =) n chain. Typically, the hetero atom is a complex atom. A so-called cyanine dye in a broad sense having a structure in which a ring is formed and a heterocycle is bonded via a polymethine chain, specifically, for example, quinoline (so-called cyanine), indole (so-called, Indocyanine), benzothiazole (so-called thiocyanine), pyrylium, thiapyrylium, squarylium, croconium, azurenium, etc., and so-called structures in which acyclic heteroatoms are bonded via a polymethine chain Examples thereof include polymethine dyes, among which indole dyes and benzothiazole dyes are preferable.
As the indole and benzothiazole dyes, those represented by the following general formula (VIII) are particularly preferable.
[0053]
[Chemical 7]
[0054]
[In formula (VIII), Y1And Y2Each independently represents a dialkylmethylene group or a sulfur atom;20And Rtwenty oneEach independently has an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, an alkynyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. And a penta, hepta, nona, or undecametine group that may have an L1 substituent.
Two substituents on the penta, hepta, nona, or undecametin group are connected to each other to form a C5-C7 cycloalkene ring, cycloalkenone ring, cycloalkenedione ring, or cycloalkenethione ring. Alternatively, the condensed benzene ring may have a substituent, and in this case, two adjacent substituents may be connected to each other to form a condensed benzene ring. Xa-represents a counter anion. ]
[0055]
Here, R in the formula (VIII)20And Rtwenty oneWhen C is an alkyl group, the carbon number is usually 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10, and when it is an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group, the carbon number is usually 2 to 15, preferably 2 to 10, and a phenyl group As those substituents including those, an alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenoxy group, a hydroxy group, a phenyl group or the like can be given.1Examples of the substituent in the above include an aromatic ring or heterocyclic ring, an alkyl group, an amino group, or a halogen atom directly or through an ether or thioether bond, and examples of the substituent in the condensed benzene ring include an alkyl group and an alkoxy group. , A nitro group, or a halogen atom.
Among these, the heterocyclic ring directly or through an ether or thioether bond is L1The cyanine dyes on top are preferred.
[0056]
Furthermore, in the photopolymerization initiation system used in the present invention, if necessary, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 3-mercapto-1,2,4- is used as a polymerization accelerator. By adding a hydrogen donating compound such as triazole, N-phenylglycine and derivatives thereof, and N, N-dialkylbenzoic acid alkyl ester, the photopolymerization initiating ability can be further enhanced. Of these, particularly preferred are those having a mercapto group such as N-phenylglycine and its derivatives, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole. Compounds and alkyl esters of N, N-dialkylbenzoic acid.
[0057]
The photopolymerizable composition of the present invention contains the ethylenically unsaturated compound of the component (a) and the photopolymerization initiation system of the component (b), but the entire photopolymerizable composition of the component (a). The proportion occupied is preferably 20 to 80% by weight, particularly preferably 30 to 70% by weight, including other components described later.
[0058]
In addition to the above components, the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention includes, for example, (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid ester, (meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylamide, maleic acid, styrene, vinyl acetate. , Vinylidene chloride, maleimide and other homopolymers or copolymers, and organic polymer substances such as polyamide, polyester, polyether, polyurethane, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, acetyl cellulose, etc. as the binder (A) It is preferably contained in an amount of 10 to 500 parts by weight, particularly 20 to 200 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the component ethylenically unsaturated compound.
[0059]
In addition, if necessary, various additives, for example, a thermal polymerization inhibitor such as hydroquinone, p-methoxyphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 2 parts by weight or less, organic or inorganic dye 50 parts by weight or less of a colorant composed of a pigment, 40 parts by weight or less of a plasticizer such as dioctyl phthalate, didodecyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, dioctyl adipate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, sensitivity of tertiary amine, thiol, etc. Less than 5 parts by weight of improver, pigment leuco such as triarylmethane, bisarylmethane, xanthene compound, fluorane compound, thiazine compound, and a compound having a lactone, lactam, sultone, or spiropyran structure as its partial skeleton The dye precursor may be added in each range of 10 parts by weight or less.
[0060]
The use form of the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention as a light-sensitive material is, for example, a form in which the photopolymerizable composition is applied to the surface of a support after being diluted without solvent or with a suitable solvent and dried, or In addition, an overcoat layer for blocking oxygen is provided on it, droplets are dispersed in a different phase medium and applied in multiple layers as multiple types of photosensitive material, and encapsulated in microcapsules and applied on a support. The photopolymerizable composition of the present invention is applied to the surface of the support as a solution in which the composition is dissolved in an appropriate solvent, and then heated and dried to form the present composition on the surface of the support. The use form as a photopolymerizable lithographic printing plate on which a layer of the photopolymerizable composition of the invention is formed is preferred.
[0061]
Here, the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it has sufficient solubility with respect to the components used and gives good coating properties. For example, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve Cellosolve solvents such as acetate, propylene glycol such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether Solvents, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, diethyl oxalate, ethyl pyruvate, ethyl Ester solvents such as 2-hydroxybutyrate, ethyl acetoacetate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, alcohol solvents such as heptanol, hexanol, diacetone alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, cyclohexanone, methyl amyl ketone Ketone solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like, or mixed solvents thereof, and those obtained by adding aromatic hydrocarbons to these. The use ratio of the solvent is usually in the range of about 1 to 20 times by weight with respect to the total amount of the photopolymerizable composition.
[0062]
As the coating method, conventionally known methods such as spin coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, air knife coating, roll coating, blade coating, and curtain coating can be used. The coating amount varies depending on the application, but the dry film thickness is usually in the range of 0.3 to 7 μm, preferably 0.5 to 5 μm, particularly preferably 1 to 3 μm. The drying temperature at that time is, for example, about 60 to 170 ° C., preferably about 70 to 150 ° C., and the drying time is, for example, about 5 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably about 10 seconds to 5 minutes. It is done.
[0063]
In general, an oxygen barrier layer such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, cellulose or the like is provided on the photopolymerizable composition layer in order to prevent a polymerization inhibiting action due to oxygen.
The photosensitive lithographic printing plate according to the present invention has a carbon arc lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon ion laser, an FD-YAG laser, a helium ion laser, a semiconductor laser, and a YAG depending on the characteristics of the photosensitive layer. A lithographic printing plate can be obtained by exposure with a laser or the like and development with an aqueous alkaline developer or the like.
[0064]
Examples of the developer used for developing a photoconductor that has been image-exposed with the photopolymerizable lithographic printing plate of the present invention include sodium silicate, potassium silicate, lithium silicate, ammonium silicate, sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate, and sodium hydroxide. , Potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, dibasic sodium phosphate, tribasic sodium phosphate, dibasic ammonium phosphate, tribasic ammonium phosphate, sodium borate, potassium borate, ammonium borate, etc. Alkali salt, monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, monoethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, monoisopropylamine, diisopropylamine, monobutylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine Monoisopropanolamine, an alkali developer comprising an aqueous solution of about 0.1 to 5% by weight of an organic amine compound diisopropanolamine used. Among them, alkali metal silicates such as sodium silicate and potassium silicate which are inorganic alkali salts are preferable.
[0065]
【Example】
Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1
On the surface of the aluminum plate support prepared as described below, an ethylenically unsaturated compound of the following component (a), a radical generator as a polymerization initiator of the component (b), a sensitizer, a polymerization accelerator, (c ) Photopolymerizable composition coating liquid composed of polymer binder, other components, and solvent, using a bar coater, the dry film thickness is 2.0 g / m.2 And a photosensitive layer made of a photopolymerizable composition is formed, and a mixed aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (polyvinyl alcohol: polyvinylpyrrolidone = 70 wt%: 30 wt. %) Using a bar coater, the dry film thickness is 3 g / m.2 Then, a photosensitive lithographic printing plate as a photopolymerizable image forming material was produced by forming an oxygen-barrier layer by coating and drying.
[0066]
Support
An aluminum plate (material: 1050 of JIS-H5002) having a thickness of 0.24 mm was alkali etched in a 65 ° C. sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (3%) for 7 seconds, and then 3% in a 35 ° C. sulfuric acid aqueous solution (10%). The smut was removed by dipping for 2 seconds. Next, using a sine wave AC power supply (50 Hz), electrolytic etching was performed under the conditions shown in Table 1 in a 22 ° C. aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (1.5%) having a dissolved aluminum concentration of 1.1 g / L.
Next, desmutting was performed in a 50 ° C. aqueous sodium hydroxide solution under the conditions shown in Table 1, and then the alkali-insoluble smut was removed with a sulfuric acid aqueous solution (10%). Furthermore, using a direct current power source, a current density of 10 A / dm in a 30 ° C. sulfuric acid aqueous solution (20%)2With a coating weight of 20 mg / dm2An anodizing treatment was performed to obtain an aluminum support.
[0067]
[Table 1]
[0068]
The uneven shape on the surface of the support was measured by AFM under the following measurement conditions. The measured data were subjected to needle correction processing and curved surface regression processing. Curved surface regression is to perform regression processing by applying a quadric surface. In the needle correction process, the surface is traced by a stylus having a finite size, so that a difference occurs between the surface irregularity shape of the sample surface and the measurement data. When the projection is traced with the stylus, the locus becomes wider than the actual surface, and when the valley bottom is traced, the width becomes narrower. Therefore, in order to remove the influence of the stylus tip radius, the measurement data is mechanically corrected. Table 2 below shows the results of the calculation of the surface height distribution sharpness Sku, the surface height distribution distortion Ssk, and the surface root mean square (RMS) deviation Sq from the data processed in this way. It was. Further, the weight of the support before anodic oxidation was measured with an electronic balance, and the amount of smut remaining on the surface was determined and is shown in Table 2.
[0069]
[Table 2]
<Measurement conditions>
Measuring machine: SE-30K (manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory)
Stylus tip radius: 2μm
Measuring force: 0.3mN
Measurement area: 200 μm × 200 μm
Measuring pitch: 1μm
Vertical magnification: 5000 times
Feed rate: 0.1 mm / s
Number of measurements: 3 times
[Table 3]
[0070]
Moreover, the figure which measured the electron micrograph of the support body surface obtained in Example 1 is shown in FIG.
[0071]
(A) Ethylenically unsaturated compound
(1) Mixture of methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate and bis (methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate of A below: 11 parts by weight
(2) Hexamethylenebis (tris (acryloyloxymethyl) ethylurethane) B below: 22 parts by weight
(3) 2,2-bis (4-acryloyloxydiethyleneoxyphenyl) propane of the following C: 22 parts by weight
[0072]
[Chemical 8]
[0073]
(B) Photopolymerization initiation system
(B-1) Radical generator
(1) Dicyclopentadienyl titanium bis [2,6-difluoro-3- (1-pyrrolyl) phenyl]; 5 parts by weight
[0074]
(B-2) Sensitizer
(2) Compound of D below: 0.5 part by weight
(3) Compound E below: 0.5 part by weight
[0075]
[Chemical 9]
[0076]
(B-3) Polymerization accelerator
(4) 2-mercaptobenzothiazole; 5 parts by weight
(5) N-phenylglycine benzyl ester; 5 parts by weight
[0077]
(C) Polymer binder
(1) A reaction product (oxidation product) obtained by reacting 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl acrylate with a methyl methacrylate (80 mol%) / methacrylic acid (20 mol%) copolymer (weight average molecular weight 50,000). 53, 50 mol% of the carboxyl group of the methacrylic acid component is reacted); 45 parts by weight
[0078]
Other ingredients
(1) Pigment (P.B.15: 6); 4 parts by weight
(2) Dispersant (“Disperbyk 161” manufactured by Big Chemie); 2 parts by weight
(3) Surfactant (“Emulgen 104P” manufactured by Kao Corporation); 2 parts by weight
(4) Surfactant ("S-381" manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.); 0.3 parts by weight
[0079]
solvent
(1) Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; 600 parts by weight
(2) Cyclohexanone; 545 parts by weight
[0080]
Printing durability test
For printing durability measurement, an offset sheet-fed printing machine DAIYA-1F manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. was used as a printing machine, and Hi-Echo Red M manufactured by Toyo Ink Co., Ltd. was used as the ink. The printing pressure was increased by 50 μm from the usual speed. The printed matter was extracted every 10,000 sheets from the start of printing, and the solidity was visually evaluated. As a result, in Examples 1 and 2, the solid reproducibility was good when the number of printed sheets was 80,000 or more. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the solid reproducibility was good up to 30,000 sheets, and the reproducibility was lowered beyond that, and both Examples 1 and 2 were compared with Comparative Example 1. Excellent printing durability.
In addition, the photosensitive lithographic printing plates produced in Examples 1 and 2 both obtained good images by exposure and development.
[0081]
【The invention's effect】
If the support having a specific surface shape of the present invention is used, a lithographic printing plate having excellent printing durability can be obtained even if a photosensitive layer made of a photopolymerizable composition is provided, which is particularly suitable for laser exposure. is there.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a distribution due to a difference in a value of a degree of sharpness Sku of a surface height distribution.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a distribution according to a difference in a value of a skewness Ssk of a surface height distribution.
FIG. 3 is a view showing an electron micrograph of the surface of a support produced in Example 1 of the present invention.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001045673A JP4819230B2 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2001-02-21 | Printing plate for laser exposure and its plate making method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001045673A JP4819230B2 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2001-02-21 | Printing plate for laser exposure and its plate making method |
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| JP4819230B2 true JP4819230B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH10100554A (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 1998-04-21 | Uyama Eng Kk | Flat plate for offset printing |
| JPH10100555A (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 1998-04-21 | Uyama Eng Kk | Flat plate for offset printing |
| JP2000127639A (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-09 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Manufacture of lithographic printing block aluminum substrate |
| JP4138990B2 (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2008-08-27 | コダックグラフィックコミュニケーションズ株式会社 | Photosensitive planographic printing plate |
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