JP4826554B2 - Seaweed aquaculture equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a seaweed aquaculture device used for seaweed aquaculture .

As one of the seaweed aquaculture, submerged aquaculture bases with seaweed larvae etc. attached to the aquaculture tank set up on the land, nurture seaweeds in this aquaculture tank, and then use the aquaculture base There is a known method of moving from a culture tank to natural seawater and culturing it in this natural seawater. In this method, in the process of raising seedlings in the aquaculture tank, it is common to nurture seedlings by irradiating the aquaculture base with natural sunlight.
In addition, in order to allow seedlings to grow in buildings that are not exposed to sunlight, and to make them less susceptible to the effects of fluctuations in sunshine hours due to the season and climate, light is applied to the larvae of the aquaculture base using an illumination device that uses LEDs as a light source. Is also known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-178947

However, although it is possible to compensate for the lack of sunshine on the aquaculture base by using a light source, there is a problem in that there are places where the light does not reach on the aquaculture base, and there is a difference in the degree of seedling raising. In addition, since the culture base cannot be transferred to natural seawater until all seedlings are raised to some extent, there is a problem that the culture period is extended as a result.
This invention is made | formed in view of the situation mentioned above, and it aims at providing the seaweed culture apparatus which can make the degree of the seedling growth of the seaweed in a culture tank uniform.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an aquaculture tank in which an upper surface opening to be illuminated with sunlight is formed and which contains seawater for cultivating seaweed, and the solar light disposed in the aquaculture tank. the illuminated and aquaculture infrastructure plumule is attached algae, and a breeding illumination device for illuminating the foundation for the aquaculture, the aquaculture illumination device, the foundation for the aquaculture from the upper opening of the aquaculture tank A light source that emits light that supplements sunlight to illuminate, a case body that is provided outside the aquaculture tank and that houses the light source, and a light that is provided on the case body and that is emitted from the light source on the lower side of the aquaculture base There is provided a seaweed aquaculture apparatus characterized by comprising irradiation means having a light guide material that leads to seawater and irradiates the lower surface of the culture base .

  Further, the present invention is the above invention, wherein at the end of the light guide material, the light that is reflected toward the aquaculture base and the light that is reflected and emitted by the reflector. It is characterized in that a scattering portion that scatters is provided.

  Moreover, the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, the light source emits a light amount such that the illuminance of the light irradiated by the irradiation means is at least 1 lx or more necessary for raising seaweed seedlings.

  According to the present invention, light for supplementing natural light is emitted from the light source and irradiated from the lower side of the aquaculture base toward the aquaculture base. Therefore, the lower part of the aquaculture base where natural light is difficult to reach is a light source. By irradiating with the light, the irradiation light quantity on the aquaculture base can be made uniform. Thereby, it becomes possible to make the degree of seaweed seedling raising in the culture tank uniform.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a seaweed aquaculture apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, where (A) shows an overall perspective view and (B) shows a plan view. As shown in this figure, the seaweed aquaculture device 1 includes a culture tank 2 for storing seawater for culturing seaweeds such as mozuku, and a number of lighting devices 3 for aquaculture. Inside, the aquaculture base 4 to which the seaweed buds and the like are attached is arranged, and each aquaculture lighting device 3 illuminates the aquaculture base 4 to culture the seaweed.

  More specifically, the aquaculture tank 2 is configured in a rectangular shape having a width W of about 2M (M: meter), a length L of about 7M, and a height of about 0.6M, with an upper surface opened in a rectangular shape. For example, concrete having excellent rigidity, durability and corrosivity is used. Such an aquaculture tank 2 is in a building where a daylighting window large enough to illuminate the entire upper surface of the aquaculture tank 2 with natural sunlight S (see FIG. 2B) is provided on the top, or The entire top surface is installed in a vinyl house made of a permeable material such as a vinyl sheet having excellent durability. During the day, the aquaculture base 4 inside the aquaculture tank 2 is exposed to sunlight by natural sunlight. It comes to be illuminated from. At this time, since the side surface of the culture tank 2 is opaque, the sunlight S does not enter from the side surface to the inside.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of the seaweed aquaculture apparatus 1, (A) is a diagram showing a cross section taken along line XX of FIG. 1 (B), and (B) is a YY line of FIG. 1 (B). It is a figure which shows the cross section in.
As shown in FIG. 1 (B), in the aquaculture tank 2, three mounting columns 5 extending in the direction of the length L are arranged at substantially equal intervals in the direction of the width W. As shown in FIGS. 2 (A) and 2 (B), each of the support columns 5 is provided with a support tank 6 erected at substantially equal intervals in the direction of the length L of the culture tank 2. It is arranged at a predetermined height Ha from the bottom surface 2A. This height Ha is set at a position lower than the water level 8 of the seawater stored in the aquaculture tank 2, and the aquaculture base 4 is placed on the three support posts 5 for aquaculture. The base 4 is held in seawater in a state of being separated from the bottom surface 2A of the culture tank 2.

  The aquaculture base 4 is formed, for example, by attaching algae beds 7A and 7B to which seaweed spores can be attached to the front and back surfaces of a base formed in a rectangular plate shape having a size of 1M × 1M. These algae beds 7A and 7B are formed, for example, in the form of a cloth formed from natural fibers or synthetic fibers, or in a net state, and seaweed spores are mixed in the nets and the buds are fixed. . The base on which such algae beds 7A and 7B are attached has a mass that can prevent floating in seawater. Then, as shown in FIGS. 1 (B) and 2 (A), such an aquaculture base 4 is submerged in seawater at an appropriate interval and placed on a mounting column 5 in an aquaculture tank 2. The

  In addition, a plurality of air supply pipes 9 (see FIG. 2B) made of vinyl chloride are laid on the bottom surface 2A of the culture tank 2. These air supply pipes 9 are provided with a large number of holes, and air is introduced from an air supply pump (not shown) installed outside the culture tank 2. Air is appropriately supplied into the seawater from the air supply pipe 9.

  Here, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 (B), in the state where the culture base 4 is placed on the placement support 5 of the culture tank 2, the culture is performed by sunlight S incident from the upper surface opening of the culture tank 2. Although the algae bed 7A on the upper surface (surface facing the upper surface opening) side of the substrate 4 can be illuminated, the sunlight S illuminates the algae bed 7B on the lower surface (surface facing the bottom surface 2A) of the aquaculture substrate 4 Can not. That is, in the bottom algal bed 7B, sunlight is insufficient, and the balance of sunlight is lost between the top side algal bed 7A and the bottom side algal bed 7B, resulting in a difference in the degree of seedling (growth speed). Therefore, conventionally, the upper and lower surfaces of the aquaculture base 4 are manually replaced at regular intervals to maintain the sunshine balance, or the lower surface side is not provided with the algal bed 7B, but the upper surface side algal bed 7A. However, there is a problem that it is troublesome to manually replace the aquaculture base 4 upside down, and the aquaculture using only one side of the aquaculture base 4 has poor productivity.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the aquaculture lighting device 3 illuminates the algae bed 7B on the lower surface side of the aquaculture base 4 to compensate for the sunshine balance with the algae bed 7A on the upper surface side. The configuration of the lighting device 3 will be described in detail below.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the aquaculture lighting device 3, (A) is a perspective view showing the whole, and (B) is a diagram seen from the side.
As shown in this figure, the aquaculture lighting device 3 has a main body box 30 and a light guide device (irradiation means) 31. The main body box 30 includes a box-shaped case body 32 configured using a metal plate or the like, a lamp light source 33 accommodated in the case body 32, and a reflection plate 34 that reflects light emitted from the lamp light source 33. Furthermore, a plurality of outlets 35 for leading the light emitted from the lamp light source 33 to the outside are formed on the bottom surface 32A of the case body 32.

  The lamp light source 33 emits light for supplementing the sunlight S that illuminates the culture base 4 from the upper surface opening of the culture tank 2, and a columnar HID (High Intensity Discharge) lamp is used. The lamp light source 33 is held in a posture that extends to the left and right substantially parallel to the bottom surface 32A of the case body 32, and the reflector plate 34 is disposed above the lamp light source 33, whereby the bottom surface 32A of the case body 32 is obtained. A sufficient amount of light can be incident on each of the outlets 35 formed in the substantially uniform manner. In addition to the lamp light source 33 and the reflector plate 34, the main body box 30 houses a stabilizer for the lamp light source 33 and the like.

The light guide device 31 guides the light emitted from the lamp light source 33 into the seawater of the culture tank 2 and emits the light toward the algae bed 7B on the lower surface side of the aquaculture base 4. Three light guides (light guide members) 36 extending in the vertical direction are provided.
The light guide 36 is made of, for example, an acrylic resin formed in a prismatic shape, and one end portion 37 is fitted into the outlet 35 and is fixedly attached to the case body 32 in a posture extending substantially vertically. The total length La of the light guide 36 is such that when the aquaculture lighting device 3 is installed at the edge of the aquaculture tank 2 as shown in FIG. It is formed in such a length that it is positioned in the vicinity of the bottom surface 2 </ b> A, and is positioned at least below the aquaculture base 4.

As shown in FIG. 3B, the end surface 38A of the tip portion 38 of the light guide 36 is cut at a predetermined inclination angle θ so that the outgoing light M emitted from the tip portion 38 is obliquely upward. A reflection foil 39 made of, for example, aluminum having a high reflectance is attached to the end face 38A, and the light guided to the tip portion 38 by the light guide 36 is reflected by the reflection foil 39 and is cultured from the tip portion 38. The light is emitted toward the use base 4. Instead of the reflective foil 39, aluminum metal may be vapor-deposited on the end surface 38A of the tip portion 38 to constitute the reflective surface.
Further, a matte portion 40 is formed at the tip portion 38 of the light guide 36 as a means for causing the light reflected by the reflecting foil 39 to scatter. The matte portion 40 is formed by applying a satin finish (processing to form rough irregularities on the surface) to the surface of the light emitting portion 36 where light is emitted.

  With the light guide 36 having such a configuration, light emitted from the lamp light source 33 of the case body 32 enters each light guide 36 from the outlet 35, travels in the light guide 36 toward the tip portion 38, and this tip portion 38. It is reflected by the reflective foil 39 provided in. The reflected light is emitted in a direction defined by the inclination angle θ of the end surface 38A of the tip end portion 38. At this time, since the light emitted from the distal end portion 38 is scattered in the reflected light by the matte portion 40, the outgoing light M is spread to some extent, and a relatively wide area can be uniformly irradiated. Further, since the reflecting foil 39 is provided at the tip portion 38, light leaking from the tip portion 38 is prevented, and the entire amount of light guided to the tip portion 38 is reflected, resulting in a loss of irradiation light amount. It is suppressed.

In addition, the inclination angle θ of the tip portion 38 is designed in advance according to the relative positional relationship between the light guide 36 and the aquaculture base 4 so that the light emitted from the light guide 36 illuminates the algal bed 7B on the lower surface of the aquaculture base 4. Etc.
In the present embodiment, the light guide 36 has a prismatic shape, but is not limited thereto, and may have a cylindrical shape. Furthermore, instead of the plurality of columnar light guides 36, a flat plate-shaped light guide may be used. The material of the light guide 36 is not limited to an acrylic resin, and any material can be used as long as it has a good light transmittance.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of culture lighting devices 3 configured as described above are arranged at predetermined intervals on both sides of the culture tank 2, and are fixed to the culture tank 2 by a fixture 20. In the present embodiment, the aquaculture lighting device 3 is disposed opposite to the both sides of the aquaculture tank 2. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a staggered arrangement may be used. As long as the whole can be irradiated, it is good also as a structure which arrange | positions the illuminating device 3 for culture | cultivation only to one side side.

In this way, power is supplied to each of the aquaculture lighting devices 3 installed in the aquaculture tank 2 via a power cable (not shown), and each aquaculture lighting device 3 is turned on with this power supply.
Electric power is supplied to the aquaculture lighting device 3 in accordance with sunlight. Specifically, for example, a power supply control device that starts power supply at the sunrise time of the day and stops the power supply at sunset time, a timer device that counts the sunshine time of the day, or an illuminance sensor A power supply control device that supplies power only while sunlight illuminates the aquaculture tank 2 is used.

Further, when the lamp light source 33 of the aquaculture lighting device 3 is turned on, the illuminance due to the emitted light M at a point about 100 mm away from the distal end portion 38 of the light guide 36 along the emission direction is about 5000 lx (lux). Only a light amount of light is generated, and the algae bed 7B on the lower side of the aquaculture base 4 is irradiated with the emitted light M having such intensity. In seaweeds, the light compensation point, which is the light intensity at which the amount of photosynthesis and the respiration rate are equal, is about 1 lx even in seaweeds with the lowest light compensation point. The algal bed 7B is illuminated with light having a sufficient intensity for photosynthesis.
The lamp light source 33 may be any light source that emits light with an illuminance of at least 1 lux to illuminate the algal bed 7B on the lower side of the aquaculture base 4.
In addition, when the illuminance of the lower algal bed 7B of the front board 4 by the lighting device 3 for aquaculture is higher than the illuminance of the upper algal bed 7A due to the irradiation of sunlight, To match the degree with the algal bed 7A, the lighting time is shortened or the output of the lamp light source 33 is lowered.

Next, seaweed aquaculture using the seaweed aquaculture apparatus 1 will be described. In addition, below, an example in the case of cultivating the mozuku which is an example of seaweed according to the climate of Japan is demonstrated.
A mozuku farmer, for example, collects mozuku mother algae in autumn (late September to early October), and puts the mother algae together with the aquaculture base 4 into the aquaculture tank 2 filled with aquaculture seawater. Then, by performing aeration culture for several days while supplying air to the air supply pipe 9, spores are released from the mother algae, and these spores settle on the algae beds 7A and 7B of the aquaculture base 4 to complete seeding. . In the seeding period for the aquaculture base 4, it is not necessary to irradiate the light for aquaculture, and thus the aquaculture lighting device 3 is not energized.

After the seeding, intermediate growth is performed until a seedling of about 1 mm appears on the algae beds 7A and 7B of the aquaculture base 4 (for example, 20 days). During 20 days, culture is performed in the culture tank 2 at a growth temperature (water temperature) of 25 to 26 ° C. During this aquaculture period, irradiation by the aquaculture lighting device 3 is performed, and the light irradiation amount is substantially the same between the upper algal bed 7A and the lower algal bed 7B of the aquaculture base 4. The irradiation amount of the culture lighting device 3 is appropriately controlled. As a result, the growth speed of the shoots is almost the same between the algal bed 7A and the algal bed 7B. In addition, although heat is generated by turning on the lighting device 3 for aquaculture, the temperature rise of seawater in the culture tank 2 due to this heat generation is slight (about 1 ° C.), and it is an extent that does not cause a problem for raising seedlings. It has been clarified by their experiments.
Then, after the buds become algal bodies, for example, the aquaculture base 4 is moved offshore, and when the algae grows to about 20 to 30 cm from March to May, the aquaculture base 4 is used using a pump. The algae beds 7A and 7B are aspirated to collect mozuku.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the light emitted from the lamp light source 33 included in the aquaculture lighting device 3 is irradiated from the lower side of the aquaculture base 4 toward the aquaculture base 4, Even if sunlight S illuminating the aquaculture base 4 from the upper surface opening of the aquaculture tank 2 does not reach the algal bed 7B on the lower side (back side) of the aquaculture base 4, it is supplemented by the aquaculture lighting device 3, It is possible to equalize the amount of light irradiation between the upper algal bed 7A and the lower algal bed 7B of the aquaculture base 4 and to equalize the degree of seedling raising.

Moreover, since the growth of a seaweed does not become slow only by the lower algal bed 7B which sunlight S does not reach by this, culture | cultivation period does not extend by lack of sunlight.
Furthermore, the aquaculture lighting device 3 does not provide all the light necessary for raising seedlings, but only supplements the sunlight S. Therefore, the lamp light source 33 having an output necessary for the supplementary light is provided. It is only necessary to have the lamp light source 33, and it is possible to prevent the culture period from being delayed while reducing the size of the lamp light source, reducing the heat generation, and saving power.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the aquaculture lighting device 3 is provided outside the aquaculture tank 2, and the light emitted from the lamp light source 33 is generated in the seawater of the aquaculture tank 2 by the light guide 36 provided in the aquaculture illumination device 3. Therefore, compared to the configuration in which the aquaculture lighting device 3 is provided in the aquaculture tank 2, the maintenance work for the aquaculture lighting device 3 is facilitated and the aquaculture lighting is provided. There is no need to take measures against waterproofing on the device 3. Furthermore, by changing the shape of the light guide 36, the aquaculture lighting device 3 can be installed at an arbitrary place, and the light from the lamp light source 33 can be irradiated at an arbitrary place of the aquaculture tank 2 as a target. Easy to do.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, on the end surface 38A of the tip portion 38 of the light guide 36, the reflection foil 39 for reflecting the light guided by the light guide 36 toward the aquaculture base 4 is provided, A textured portion 40 is provided as a scattering portion that scatters the light reflected and emitted by the reflective foil 39. As a result, the light guided to the tip portion 38 can be efficiently extracted as the outgoing light M, and a relatively wide area can be uniformly irradiated by the outgoing light M.

  In addition, according to the present embodiment, the lamp light source 33 emits an amount of light with which the illuminance of light irradiated from the light guide 36 to the algal bed 7B is at least approximately 1 lx or more necessary for raising seaweed seedlings. Can be fully photosynthesised.

The above-described embodiment is merely an aspect of the present invention, and can be arbitrarily modified and applied within the scope of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, a substantially rectangular plate-shaped aquaculture base 4 is used. However, the aquaculture base 4 may be of any shape such as a columnar shape (roll type). It is. And even if it is the aquaculture base 4 of any shape, the underside of the aquaculture base 4 where the sunlight S is difficult to reach is efficiently illuminated by the aquaculture lighting device 3, and the irradiation light amount on the aquaculture base 4 is made uniform. Can be planned.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the seaweed culture apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (A) shows the whole perspective view, (B) shows a top view. It is a figure which shows the cross section of a seaweed culture apparatus, (A) is a figure which shows the cross section in the XX line of FIG. 1 (B), (B) shows the cross section in the YY line of FIG. 1 (B). FIG. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the illuminating device for culture, (A) is the perspective view which shows the whole, (B) is the figure seen from the side.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Seaweed culture apparatus 2 Culture tank 3 Culture lighting apparatus 4 Culture base 7A, 7B Algae bed 30 Main body box 31 Light guide device 32 Case body 33 Lamp light source 36 Light guide 38 Tip part 38A End face 39 Reflective foil 40 Pear part

Claims (2)

An aquaculture tank containing seawater for cultivating seaweeds with a top opening illuminated by sunlight , and aquaculture that is placed in the aquaculture tank and lit with seaweeds lit by the sunlight An aquaculture lighting device for illuminating the aquaculture substrate ,
The aquaculture lighting device comprises:
A light source for emitting light to supplement sunlight illuminating the aquaculture base from the upper opening of the aquaculture tanks,
A case body provided outside the aquaculture tank and containing the light source;
An irradiating means provided on the case body, and having a light guide material that guides light emitted from the light source to the seawater below the aquaculture base and irradiates the lower surface of the aquaculture base ;
A seaweed aquaculture device characterized by comprising: In the seaweed aquaculture apparatus according to claim 1 ,
Provided at the end portion of the light guide material is a reflective material for reflecting the guided light toward the aquaculture base, and a scattering portion for scattering the light reflected and emitted by the reflective material. Seaweed aquaculture equipment characterized by

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