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JP4826977B2 - Pile head damping structure - Google Patents
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JP4826977B2 - Pile head damping structure - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4826977B2
JP4826977B2 JP2001225659A JP2001225659A JP4826977B2 JP 4826977 B2 JP4826977 B2 JP 4826977B2 JP 2001225659 A JP2001225659 A JP 2001225659A JP 2001225659 A JP2001225659 A JP 2001225659A JP 4826977 B2 JP4826977 B2 JP 4826977B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
pile
pile head
elastic
damping material
footing
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JP2001225659A
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JP2003034937A (en
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陽一 浅井
好伸 木谷
豊 久保
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Mitani Sekisan Co Ltd
System Measure Co., Ltd.
Toyo Asano Foundation Co Ltd
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Mitani Sekisan Co Ltd
System Measure Co., Ltd.
Toyo Asano Foundation Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、建築及び土木構造物において、地盤に埋設した杭体の杭頭部とフーチングを結合する際に、弾性制振材を介在させる杭頭制振構造に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、地盤に埋設した杭体の杭頭部とフーチングとの結合構造には、既製杭、現場造成杭の上端部に連結用の鋼材(例えば、異形鉄筋、アンカーボルト等)を突出させ、この鋼材をフーチング内のコンクリート内に定着させる構造が一般的であった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これらの場合、剛結合したものであり、地震時における地盤と地上構造物の相対的な移動に起因して発生するせん断力、水平力等が杭頭付近に集中し、杭頭部及びフーチングでの損傷が問題となっていた。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
然るにこの発明では最適な材質で形成された弾性体、又は/及び粘弾性体を杭頭部に設置し、地震等に主として杭頭部付近で大きく作用する圧縮力、せん断力、水平力等を該弾性体又は/及び粘弾性体に吸収させることにより、前記問題点を解決した。
【0005】
即ちこの発明は、基礎杭の杭頭部に上部構造としてのフーチングを接合する構造において、前記基礎杭の杭頭部に、「密度が0.35g/cm以上0.5g/cm以下で、微細セル発泡構造を有する高分子材料の弾性体」を使用した弾性制振材を取付け、該弾性制振材を前記フーチング内に位置させたことを特徴とする杭頭制振構造である。また、他の発明は、基礎杭の杭頭部に上部構造としてのフーチングを接合する構造において、前記基礎杭の杭頭部に、弾性制振材を取付け、該弾性制振材を前記フーチング内に位置させて、前記弾性制振材を、前記高分子材料の粘弾性体と、「密度が0.35g/cm 以上0.5g/cm 以下で、微細セル発泡構造を有する高分子材料の弾性体」とを所定厚さの鉄板を介して積層して構成したことを特徴とする杭頭制振構造である。
【0006】
前記において、基礎杭の杭頭部の外側面及び又は上面に、連続的又は断続的に、弾性制振材を取り付けたことを特徴とする杭頭制振構造である。また、弾性制振材の外周を、該弾性制振材と所定間隙を設けて配置した鋼管で覆ったことを特徴とする杭頭制振構造である。
【0007】
また、前記において、基礎杭の外径と略同径の円盤の上面に、フーチングのコンクリートと定着する為の突起を突設し、前記円盤の下面に、基礎杭の中空部に緩く挿入される支持軸を下方に向けて突設し、該支持軸の周りに、前記基礎杭の中空部に密に挿入される弾性制振材を取り付けたことを特徴とする杭頭制振構造である。また、基礎杭の上面又は外側面に、フーチングのコンクリートと定着する為の突起を突設し、該突起の周囲に弾性制振材を嵌装したことを特徴とする杭頭制振構造である
【0008】
前記において、密度が0.35g/cmより少ない場合には、気泡の占める体積が大きく押圧により制振部材がつぶれるおそれがある。また、密度が0.5g/cmより大きい場合には、気泡が少なく弾性体が硬く、所定の効果を生じ難い。
【0009】
また、前記における基礎杭は、いわゆる現場造成杭、既製杭、あるいはこれらの組合せによる工法のいずれの場合も含む。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いる弾性体として、密度が0.35〜0.5g/cm程度の材料を使用する。上記材料として、高分子化合物、特に微細セル発泡構造を有するウレタンエラストラマーを使用するのが好ましい。ウレタンエラストラマーは、一般のゴム等に比べて弾性範囲が広く、幅広い荷重の大きさに対して繰返し使用することができる。
【0011】
【表1】

Figure 0004826977
【0012】
表1に示したようにウレタンエラストラマーは密度が0.35〜0.5(g/cm)で非常に軽い。
【0013】
また、ウレタンエラストマーは、実使用時において60%までたわみを与えても荷重を除けば略原形に回復し、90%まで圧縮しても材質が破壊されることがない。
【0014】
さらにウレタンエラストマーは発泡構造であるから圧縮時に応力が比較的均一に加わり、繰返し圧縮荷重を受けても劣化しにくく、耐久性に優れている。
【0015】
また、本発明に用いる粘弾性体は、高分子材料からなり、ゴム及び粘土の性質を合わせ持ち、引張力を解放した際にゴムの性質で現状に戻ろうとするが、粘土の性質でゆっくり戻ろうとする機能が付与される。従って、鉄板36、36で粘弾性体35を上下に挟んで(水平に積層して)構成した場合(図9(a))、水平方向の荷重がこれに作用した際に、せん断応力を多く負担して変形する(図9(b))。
【0016】
前記粘弾性体の材質としては、最大変形能力が高く、せん断力に強く、かつ自己接着力のあるアクリル高分子体からなるものを使用することが好ましい。
【0017】
このような弾性体又は/及び粘弾性体を杭頭部付近に設置することによって、地震時等に主として杭頭部付近に大きく発生する圧縮力、せん断力、水平力を吸収し、杭頭部やフーチングでの損傷を防止できる。
【0018】
【実施例1】
図1、2に基づきこの発明の実施例を説明する。
【0019】
(1) プレボーリング工法や中掘工法等によって、杭穴掘削後又は杭穴掘削しながら、既製杭1を所定深度に埋設する。
【0020】
(2) 続いて、地盤11を根切りして、新たな地面12から既製杭1の杭頭部2を露出させる。杭頭部2を洗浄した後、杭頭部2の上面3にフーチング内に杭頭部を定着するための定着用鉄筋(アンカーボルト等も含む)14、14を取付ける。定着用鉄筋14の取付方法は、杭端板5のボルト孔に定着鉄筋14をねじ込み、または杭端板5に溶接で定着用鉄筋14を取付ける。
【0021】
(3) その後、杭頭部2に弾性制振材15を嵌装し、杭頭部2の外側面4に、弾性制振材15を固着する。弾性制振材15は、ドーナツ状に形成され、その内径を杭頭部2の外径と略同径となるように形成し、その高さHは、地面12からの杭頭部2の高さ程度とする。また、弾性制振材15は、ウレタンエラストマーからなる。
【0022】
(4) また、弾性制振材15の外側に、フーチング形成時に充填するコンクリートが、弾性制振材15の周囲に浸入しないように、カバー材18で覆う。前記カバー材18の内側面と弾性制振材の外側面との間には、弾性制振材15の膨張範囲を確保するために、所定間隙19を設けてあり、間隙19内にコンクリート(セメントペースト)が浸入しないようになっている。
【0023】
前記カバー材18は、本実施例では鋼管から形成するが、フーチング形成時に間隙19内にコンクリートの浸入を防止し、コンクリートの固化後に間隙19が形成されれば、その機能を満たす範囲で、厚さ、材質などは適宜選択できる。
【0024】
(5)続いて、所定の型枠(図示していない)を組み、コンクリートを打設して、フーチング20を構築する。杭端板5の上面、定着用鉄筋14、14は、フーチング20内に埋設される。
【0025】
(6)以上のようにして、この発明の杭頭制振構造22を構築する。このように、杭外周面にウレタンエラストマーからなる弾性制振材15を取付けることによって、地震時に大きな水平力が作用しても、該応力を弾性制振材15が吸収し、杭頭部2やフーチング20に損傷を与えることを防止できる。
【0026】
前記実施例において、弾性制振材15は、円筒状としたが、円筒状のものを2つ割にした弾性制振材片17、17を重ねて構成することもでき(図2(b))、更に3つ割以上に形成することもできる(図2(c))。2つ割以上の弾性制振材から構成した場合、弾性制振材片17、17の間に、間隙17aを形成することもできる(図2(c))。
【0027】
また、前記実施例において、弾性制振材15は、円筒状としたが、角柱状の外形とし、基礎杭を挿通する中空部16を形成することもできる(図2(d))。
【0028】
また、前記実施例において、弾性制振材15が、押圧された際に、横方向に膨張して、弾性制振材15aとなり体積を変形した際の変化分を収容する間隙19(図1(d))を形成したが、弾性制振材15が体積を縮小できるように変形される性質を有すれば、カバー材18との前記間隙19を形成する必要はなく、この場合には、カバー材18も不要である(図示していない)。
【0029】
また、前記実施例において、定着用鉄筋14としたが、短冊状の板材等の他構造の定着用の突起物とすることもできる(図示していない)。また、定着用の突起物は、端板5以外に補強筒6(杭頭部2の側面4)に突設することもできる。
【0030】
また、前記実施例において、弾性制振材料15として、弾性体、特に微細セル発泡構造を有するウレタンエラストマーを用いたが、比較的、耐せん断力に優れる粘弾性体、特にアクリル高分子体からなるものを同様に使用することも可能である(図示していない)。あるいは、ウレタンエラストマーと粘弾性体とを積層などして組み合わせて、弾性制振材料15とすることもできる(図示していない)。
【0031】
【実施例2】
図3、4に基づきこの発明の他の実施例を説明する。
【0032】
この実施例では、以下の構造の杭頭制振構造具24を既製杭1に取り付けて杭頭制振構造22を構築する。
【0033】
即ち、既製杭1の外径と略同径の内径を有する鋼管26の上面を鋼板からなるカバー材27で覆う。鋼管26の上部及び中間部に、ウレタンエラストマーからなる弾性制振材15を充填する(図3(a))。また、鋼管26の外周面には、フーチングのコンクリートとの付着を考慮し、複数の環状リブ28、28を水平方向に設ける(図3(a)(b))。
【0034】
前記カバー材27は、実施例1と同様に、フーチング形成時に間隙19内にコンクリートの浸入を防止できれば良い。
【0035】
実施例1と同様に、埋設した既製杭1の杭頭部2を露出させ、露出した杭頭部2を洗浄する(図3(a))。その後、杭頭部2に、杭頭制振構造具24を嵌装設置する。この際、杭頭制振構造具24の弾性制振材15が、既製杭1の端板5に当接し、鋼管26の下端部を端板5に、または端板5に連続する補強筒6に溶接する。また、弾性制振構造具24の弾性制振材15の下面は、杭端板5に当接する。
【0036】
続いて、前記実施例1と同様に、杭頭部2を埋設するようにフーチング20を構築して、 杭頭制振構造22を構成する。このようにして、杭頭部2とフーチング20を結合することによって、曲げモーメント及び圧縮力の強い鋼管26と、ウレタンエラストマー等からなる弾性制振材15による応力吸収機能によって、健全性の高い制振構造と成すことができる。
【0037】
前記実施例において、鋼管26の外周面に、水平方向の環状リブ28、28を形成したが、断続的なリブを形成することもでき、また、水平に限らず、垂直、斜め及びこれらの組合せからリブを形成することもできる(いずれも図示していない)。また、鋼管26の外面を粗く処理するなど、鋼管26とフーチング20のコンクリートとが定着できれば、リブは省略することもできる(図示していない)。
【0038】
また、前記実施例において、弾性制振材15の膨張範囲を確保するための間隙19は、他の構成とすることもできる。例えば、間隙を設ける手段としては、鋼管内面にスペーサーとしての環状リブ29、29を上下に所定間隔を設けて取り付け、該間隔が間隙19を構成する(図4(a))。前記間隙19、19にはフーチング形成時のコンクリートが浸入しないようにする。尚、環状リブ29は、コンクリートが浸入しないような間隙が形成できれば、形状は環状に限定されない。
【0039】
また、前記実施例において、鋼管26の内径を杭頭部2の外径とほぼ同一に形成して、既製杭1の上面3(端板5)より上側に弾性制振材15を配置したが、杭頭部2の外側面4にも弾性制振材15を配置することもできる(図4(b))。即ち、鋼管26の内径を杭頭部2の外径より十分大径に形成し、鋼管26の上部及び中間部以外に、下部にも弾性制振材15を取付ける。この場合、弾性制振材15の下部は、杭頭部2の外側面4に嵌装できるように、中空部16を形成しておく(図4(b))。
【0040】
弾性制振材料の他の実施例は、前記実施例1と同様である。
【0041】
【実施例3】
次に、図5に基づきこの発明の他の実施例を説明する。この実施例でも、以下の構造の杭頭制振構造具24を既製杭1に取り付けて杭頭制振構造22を構築する。
【0042】
即ち、杭頭部2の上端板5と略同径の円盤30の上面に、フーチングとの定着用の鉄筋31、31を立設固定し、円盤30の下面に、杭頭部2の中空部7に挿入される支持軸32を固定する。支持軸32の外周に、円筒状のウレタンエラストマーからなる弾性制振材15を取付ける。弾性制振材15の外径D1は、適用する既製杭1の内径(中空部7の径)と同等に形成されている。以上のようにして杭頭制振構造具24を構成する(図5(a)(c))。
【0043】
実施例1と同様に、埋設した既製杭1の杭頭部2を露出させ、露出した杭頭部2を洗浄する(図5(a))。その後、杭頭部2に、杭頭制振構造具24を設置する。この際、円盤30の下面は、杭端板5(既製杭1の上面3)に密着し、既製杭1の中空部7に、支持軸32が挿入され、既製杭1の中空部7に弾性制振材15が嵌挿充填される。必要であれば、杭端板5と円盤30とを溶接等により固定する。
【0044】
続いて、前記実施例1と同様に、杭頭部2を埋設するようにフーチング20を構築して、 杭頭制振構造22を構成する(図5(b))。このようにして、杭頭部2とフーチング20とを結合することによって、地震等が発生したときに、大きな水平力が生じ、杭頭支持装置22が傾斜した場合であっても、巻回されているウレタンエラストマー等からなる弾性制振材15によって杭頭制振構造具24の支持軸32の動きが吸収され、杭頭部2及びフーチング20の損傷を防止することができる。
【0045】
弾性制振材料15の他の実施例は、前記実施例1と同様である。
【0046】
【実施例4】
図6、図7に基づこの発明の他の実施例を説明する。
【0047】
露出した杭頭部2を洗浄した後、杭端板5(杭頭部2上面3)フーチング内定着用の鉄筋(アンカーボルト等も含む)14、14を取付ける。尚、定着用鉄筋14、14は補強筒6(杭頭部2の側面4)に取付けることもできる。
【0048】
取付け方法は、前記実施例1と同様に、杭端板5のボルト孔に鉄筋14をねじ込んだり、鉄筋14を溶接等を行って固定する。
【0049】
次に、上方に突出した鉄筋14、14外周面にウレタンエラストマーからなる弾性制振材15を嵌合し(図6(b))、フーチング20を構築して、杭頭制振構造22を構成する(図6(a))。
【0050】
このような構造とすることによって、杭頭制振構造22に過剰な水平力が作用した場合であっても、フーチング20内の定着用の鉄筋14、14の動きがウレタンエラストマーからなる弾性制振材15、15によって吸収されるため、鉄筋14、既製杭1及びフーチング20の損傷を防止することができる。
【0051】
前記実施例において、弾性制振材料15は、総ての鉄筋14、14に嵌装したが(図6(b))、一部の鉄筋14、14に嵌装して、他の鉄筋14a、14aには嵌装しない構成とすることもできる(図6(c))。
【0052】
また、前記実施例において、弾性制振材料15は、鉄筋14、14の全長に設けてもよいが、、所定部分にだけ嵌合させることも可能である。例えば、フーチング内定着用の鉄筋14の下端部、特に杭端板5と鉄筋14の接合部付近にだけ弾性制振材15を嵌装することもできる(図7)。このように構成すれば、弾性制振材15が介在しない鉄筋14の上部は、フーチング20内に定着され、鉄筋14の下端部はフーチング20と付着せずアンボンド化できるため、鉄筋14に過剰な水平力が作用した場合であっても、鉄筋14の下端部に自由度があるため、既製杭1及びフーチング20の損傷を防止できる。
【0053】
弾性制振材料15の他の実施例は、前記実施例1と同様である。
【0054】
【実施例5】
図8に基づきこの発明の他の実施例を説明する。この実施例でも、以下の構造の杭頭制振構造具24を既製杭1に取り付けて杭頭制振構造22を構築する。また、この実施例は、弾性体34と粘弾性体35とを積層して弾性制振材15を形成した実施例である。
【0055】
フーチングと定着するための鉄筋14、14を立設固定した円盤30の下面にアクリル高分子体からなる粘弾性体35を挟んで、円盤状の鉄板36を積層する。鉄板36の下面に、ウレタンエラストマーからなる弾性体34を固定して、杭頭制振構造具24を構成する。
【0056】
実施例1と同様に、埋設した既製杭1の杭頭部2を露出させ、露出した杭頭部2を洗浄する(図8(a))。その後、杭頭部2に、杭頭制振構造具24を設置する。この際、弾性材34の下面を既製杭1の杭端板5に固着する。
【0057】
続いて、前記実施例1と同様に、杭頭部2を埋設するようにフーチング20を構築して、 杭頭制振構造22を構成する(図8(b))。
【0058】
このようにして杭頭制振構造22を形成することによって、ウレタンエラストマーからなる弾性材34が主として圧縮力を負担し、アクリル高分子体からなる粘弾性体35が主としてせん断力を負担することができ、杭頭部2やフーチング20での損傷をさらに防止することができる。
【0059】
前記実施例において、弾性体34と粘弾性体35と積層方法は、他の構成とすることもできる(図示していない)。例えば、積層数を増やしたり、縦方向や斜め方向に積層したり、あるいは同心円状に積層することも可能である(図示していない)。また、弾性体34と粘弾性体35との組合わせ方法も積層に限らず、弾性体34内に粘弾性体35を散りばめる等の構成とすることもできる(図示していない)。
【0060】
【発明の効果】
この発明では、基礎杭の杭頭部に、弾性制振材として、密度が0.35g/cm以上0.5g/cm以下の微細セル発泡構造を有する高分子化合物からなる弾性体を取付けたため、地震等によって発生する応力が作用しても、該弾性制振材が大きくたわむため衝撃を吸収でき、杭及びフーチングの損傷を防止することができる。
【0061】
また、微細セル発泡構造を有する高分子化合物からなる弾性体は、応力が比較的均一に加わるため、耐久性が優れており、弾性制振材料の老朽化による交換時期を遅らせることができる、従って、地上構造物を建築後に、地盤を掘削し、杭頭部を露出させて、その弾性制振材料を交換する手間を極力抑えることができる。
【0062】
また、基礎杭の杭頭部に、弾性制振材として、高分子材料からなる粘弾性体を取付けたため、地震時に生じる応力を吸収できると共に、その応力をゆっくりと減衰させることができる。
【0063】
また、高分子材料からなる粘弾性体と、密度が0.35g/cm以上0.5g/cm以下の微細セル発泡構造を有する高分子化合物からなる弾性体とを組合わせてなる弾性制振材を使用した場合には、基礎杭の杭頭部に取付けることによって、弾性体によって主として圧縮力を負担し、粘弾性体によって主としてせん断力を負担することができ、比較的大きな圧縮力や水平力等が加わったとしても、杭及びフーチングの損傷をより一層防止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)〜(d)はこの発明の実施例1で、構築手順を表す概略した縦端面図である。
【図2】(a)は図1(d)のA−A線における断面図で、(c)〜(d)は他のA−A線における断面図である。
【図3】同じく(a)(b)はこの発明の実施例2で、構築手順を表す概略した縦端面図で、(c)は(a)のB−B線における断面図である。
【図4】同じく(a)(b)はこの発明の実施例2の他の実施例で、概略した縦端面図である。
【図5】(a)(b)は、同じくこの発明の実施例3の構築手順を表す概略した縦端面図で、(c)は(a)のC−C線における断面図である。
【図6】同じくこの発明の実施例4の概略した縦端面図で、(b)は(a)のD−D線における断面図で、(c)は他の実施例で(a)のC−C線における断面図である。
【図7】同じくこの発明の実施例4の他の実施例で、概略した縦端面図である。
【図8】(a)(b)は、同じくこの発明の実施例5の構築手順を表す概略した縦端面図である。
【図9】(a)(b)は、この発明の実施例で使用する粘弾性体の性質を説明する概略した縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 既製杭
2 杭頭部
3 上面
4 側面
5 端板
6 補強筒
7 中空部
11 地盤
12 地面(根切り後)
14 定着用の鉄筋
15、15a 弾性制振材
16 中空部(弾性制振材)
17 弾性制振材片
18 カバー材
19 間隙
20 フーチング
22 杭頭制振構造
24 杭頭制振構造具
26 鋼管
27 カバー材
28 環状リブ
29 環状リブ
30 円盤
31 鉄筋
32 支持軸
34 弾性材
35 粘弾性体
36 鉄板[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pile head damping structure in which an elastic damping material is interposed when a pile head and a footing of a pile body embedded in the ground are combined in a building and a civil engineering structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the connection structure between the pile head and the footing of the pile body buried in the ground is made by projecting a connecting steel material (for example, deformed rebar, anchor bolt, etc.) to the upper end of the ready-made pile and the site-built pile. A structure in which steel is fixed in concrete in a footing is common.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In these cases, they are rigidly connected, and shear forces and horizontal forces generated due to the relative movement of the ground and ground structure during an earthquake are concentrated near the pile head. Damage was a problem.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
However, in the present invention, an elastic body or / and a viscoelastic body formed of an optimal material is installed on the pile head, and compressive force, shear force, horizontal force, etc., which act largely in the vicinity of the pile head in the event of an earthquake, etc. The problem was solved by absorbing the elastic body and / or viscoelastic body.
[0005]
That is, the present invention provides a structure in which a footing as an upper structure is joined to a pile head of a foundation pile, and the pile head of the foundation pile has a density of 0.35 g / cm 3 or more and 0.5 g / cm 3 or less. The pile head damping structure is characterized in that an elastic damping material using an “elastic body of a polymer material having a fine cell foam structure” is attached, and the elastic damping material is positioned in the footing. According to another invention, in the structure in which a footing as an upper structure is joined to a pile head of a foundation pile, an elastic damping material is attached to the pile head of the foundation pile, and the elastic damping material is placed in the footing. The elastic vibration-damping material is placed on the viscoelastic body of the polymer material, and “ a polymer material having a density of 0.35 g / cm 3 to 0.5 g / cm 3 and having a fine cell foam structure”. This is a pile head damping structure characterized in that it is configured by laminating an “elastic body” with an iron plate having a predetermined thickness .
[0006]
In the above, the pile head damping structure is characterized in that the elastic damping material is continuously or intermittently attached to the outer surface and / or upper surface of the pile head of the foundation pile. Further, the pile head damping structure is characterized in that the outer periphery of the elastic damping material is covered with a steel pipe disposed with a predetermined gap from the elastic damping material.
[0007]
Further, in the above, a protrusion for fixing with the footing concrete is projected on the upper surface of the disk having substantially the same diameter as the outer diameter of the foundation pile, and is loosely inserted into the hollow portion of the foundation pile on the lower surface of the disk. The pile head damping structure is characterized in that a support shaft projects downward and an elastic damping material that is tightly inserted into the hollow portion of the foundation pile is attached around the support shaft. Further, the pile head damping structure is characterized in that a protrusion for fixing the footing concrete is provided on the upper surface or the outer surface of the foundation pile, and an elastic damping material is fitted around the protrusion. .
[0008]
In the above, when the density is less than 0.35 g / cm 3 , the volume occupied by the bubbles is large, and the vibration damping member may be crushed by pressing. On the other hand, when the density is larger than 0.5 g / cm 3 , there are few bubbles and the elastic body is hard, and a predetermined effect is hardly generated.
[0009]
Moreover, the foundation pile in the above includes any case of a so-called field-built pile, a ready-made pile, or a construction method using a combination thereof.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A material having a density of about 0.35 to 0.5 g / cm 3 is used as the elastic body used in the present invention. As the material, it is preferable to use a polymer compound, particularly a urethane elastomer having a fine cell foam structure. Urethane elastomers have a wider elastic range than ordinary rubber and can be used repeatedly for a wide range of loads.
[0011]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004826977
[0012]
As shown in Table 1, urethane elastomer has a density of 0.35 to 0.5 (g / cm 3 ) and is very light.
[0013]
In addition, even if the urethane elastomer is deflected to 60% in actual use, it will recover to its original shape when the load is removed, and the material will not be destroyed even if it is compressed to 90%.
[0014]
Furthermore, since the urethane elastomer has a foamed structure, stress is applied relatively uniformly during compression, and even when subjected to repeated compression loads, it is not easily deteriorated and has excellent durability.
[0015]
The viscoelastic body used in the present invention is made of a polymer material and has the properties of rubber and clay. When the tensile force is released, the viscoelastic body tries to return to the current state due to the property of rubber. A function to try is given. Therefore, when the viscoelastic body 35 is sandwiched between the iron plates 36 and 36 (stacked horizontally) (FIG. 9A), when a horizontal load acts on the viscoelastic body 35, the shear stress increases. It is deformed under burden (FIG. 9B).
[0016]
As the material of the viscoelastic body, it is preferable to use a material made of an acrylic polymer having a high maximum deformation capability, strong shearing force, and self-adhesive strength.
[0017]
By installing such an elastic body and / or viscoelastic body near the pile head, it absorbs the compressive force, shear force, and horizontal force generated mainly near the pile head during an earthquake, etc. And damage caused by footing.
[0018]
[Example 1]
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0019]
(1) The pre-made pile 1 is buried at a predetermined depth after excavating the pile hole or while excavating the pile hole by a pre-boring method or an intermediate excavation method.
[0020]
(2) Subsequently, the ground 11 is rooted and the pile head 2 of the ready-made pile 1 is exposed from the new ground 12. After the pile head 2 is washed, fixing reinforcing bars (including anchor bolts) 14 and 14 for fixing the pile head in the footing are attached to the upper surface 3 of the pile head 2. The fixing rebar 14 is attached by screwing the fixing rebar 14 into the bolt hole of the pile end plate 5 or attaching the fixing rebar 14 to the pile end plate 5 by welding.
[0021]
(3) Thereafter, the elastic damping material 15 is fitted into the pile head 2, and the elastic damping material 15 is fixed to the outer side surface 4 of the pile head 2. The elastic damping material 15 is formed in a donut shape, and its inner diameter is formed to be substantially the same as the outer diameter of the pile head 2, and its height H is the height of the pile head 2 from the ground 12. It is about the size. The elastic damping material 15 is made of a urethane elastomer.
[0022]
(4) Further, the cover material 18 covers the outer side of the elastic damping material 15 so that the concrete filled when the footing is formed does not enter the periphery of the elastic damping material 15. A predetermined gap 19 is provided between the inner side surface of the cover material 18 and the outer side surface of the elastic damping material 15 in order to ensure an expansion range of the elastic damping material 15. Paste) does not penetrate.
[0023]
The cover material 18 is formed from a steel pipe in the present embodiment. However, when the footing is formed, the concrete is prevented from entering the gap 19, and if the gap 19 is formed after the concrete is solidified, the cover material 18 has a thickness that satisfies the function. The material and the like can be selected as appropriate.
[0024]
(5) Subsequently, a predetermined formwork (not shown) is assembled, concrete is placed, and the footing 20 is constructed. The upper surface of the pile end plate 5 and the fixing reinforcing bars 14 are embedded in the footing 20.
[0025]
(6) The pile head damping structure 22 of the present invention is constructed as described above. Thus, by attaching the elastic damping material 15 made of urethane elastomer to the outer peripheral surface of the pile, even if a large horizontal force acts during an earthquake, the elastic damping material 15 absorbs the stress, and the pile head 2 or It is possible to prevent the footing 20 from being damaged.
[0026]
In the above embodiment, the elastic damping material 15 has a cylindrical shape, but may be configured by overlapping elastic damping material pieces 17 and 17 divided into two cylindrical ones (FIG. 2B). Further, it can be formed into three or more parts (FIG. 2C). When the elastic damping material is divided into two or more, a gap 17a can be formed between the elastic damping material pieces 17 and 17 (FIG. 2 (c)).
[0027]
Moreover, in the said Example, although the elastic damping material 15 was made into the cylindrical shape, it can also be set as the prismatic external shape and can form the hollow part 16 which penetrates a foundation pile (FIG.2 (d)).
[0028]
Further, in the embodiment, when the elastic damping material 15 is pressed, it expands in the lateral direction and becomes the elastic damping material 15a to accommodate the change when the volume is deformed (FIG. 1 ( d)) is formed, but if the elastic damping material 15 has a property of being deformed so that the volume can be reduced, it is not necessary to form the gap 19 with the cover material 18, and in this case, the cover The material 18 is also unnecessary (not shown).
[0029]
In the above-described embodiment, the fixing reinforcing bar 14 is used. However, a fixing protrusion having another structure such as a strip-shaped plate material may be used (not shown). In addition to the end plate 5, the fixing protrusion can be provided on the reinforcing cylinder 6 (side face 4 of the pile head 2).
[0030]
In the above embodiment, an elastic body, particularly a urethane elastomer having a fine cell foam structure, is used as the elastic damping material 15, but it is made of a viscoelastic body, particularly an acrylic polymer, which is relatively excellent in shear resistance. Can be used as well (not shown). Alternatively, a urethane elastomer and a viscoelastic body can be laminated and combined to form the elastic damping material 15 (not shown).
[0031]
[Example 2]
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0032]
In this embodiment, a pile head damping structure 22 having the following structure is attached to the ready-made pile 1 to construct a pile head damping structure 22.
[0033]
That is, the upper surface of the steel pipe 26 having an inner diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the ready-made pile 1 is covered with a cover material 27 made of a steel plate. The elastic damping material 15 made of urethane elastomer is filled in the upper part and middle part of the steel pipe 26 (FIG. 3A). A plurality of annular ribs 28 and 28 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the steel pipe 26 in the horizontal direction in consideration of adhesion of the footing to the concrete (FIGS. 3A and 3B).
[0034]
Similar to the first embodiment, the cover member 27 only needs to prevent the intrusion of concrete into the gap 19 when the footing is formed.
[0035]
Similar to Example 1, the pile head 2 of the embedded ready-made pile 1 is exposed, and the exposed pile head 2 is washed (FIG. 3A). Thereafter, the pile head damping structure 24 is fitted and installed on the pile head 2. At this time, the elastic damping material 15 of the pile head damping structure 24 abuts on the end plate 5 of the ready-made pile 1, and the lower end portion of the steel pipe 26 is connected to the end plate 5 or the reinforcing cylinder 6 continuous to the end plate 5. Weld to. Further, the lower surface of the elastic damping material 15 of the elastic damping structure 24 is in contact with the pile end plate 5.
[0036]
Subsequently, like the first embodiment, the footing 20 is constructed so as to embed the pile head 2, and the pile head damping structure 22 is configured. In this way, by connecting the pile head 2 and the footing 20, the steel pipe 26 having a strong bending moment and compressive force, and the stress absorbing function by the elastic vibration damping material 15 made of urethane elastomer or the like, the highly sound damping is achieved. Can be made with vibration structure.
[0037]
In the above embodiment, the annular ribs 28, 28 in the horizontal direction are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the steel pipe 26. However, intermittent ribs can also be formed. Ribs can also be formed from (not shown). Further, if the steel pipe 26 and the concrete of the footing 20 can be fixed, for example, by roughing the outer surface of the steel pipe 26, the rib can be omitted (not shown).
[0038]
In the embodiment, the gap 19 for securing the expansion range of the elastic vibration damping material 15 can have another configuration. For example, as a means for providing a gap, annular ribs 29 and 29 as spacers are attached to the inner surface of the steel pipe with a predetermined interval in the vertical direction, and the interval constitutes the gap 19 (FIG. 4A). The gaps 19, 19 are prevented from entering concrete during footing formation. The shape of the annular rib 29 is not limited to an annular shape as long as a gap that does not allow concrete to enter can be formed.
[0039]
Moreover, in the said Example, although the internal diameter of the steel pipe 26 was formed substantially the same as the outer diameter of the pile head 2, the elastic damping material 15 was arrange | positioned above the upper surface 3 (end plate 5) of the ready-made pile 1. The elastic damping material 15 can also be disposed on the outer side surface 4 of the pile head 2 (FIG. 4B). That is, the inner diameter of the steel pipe 26 is made sufficiently larger than the outer diameter of the pile head 2, and the elastic damping material 15 is attached to the lower part in addition to the upper and middle parts of the steel pipe 26. In this case, the hollow part 16 is formed in the lower part of the elastic damping material 15 so that it can be fitted to the outer side surface 4 of the pile head 2 (FIG. 4B).
[0040]
Other examples of the elastic damping material are the same as those of Example 1.
[0041]
[Example 3]
Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Also in this embodiment, the pile head damping structure 22 having the following structure is attached to the ready-made pile 1 to construct the pile head damping structure 22.
[0042]
That is, reinforcing bars 31 and 31 for fixing with a footing are erected and fixed on the upper surface of a disk 30 having substantially the same diameter as the upper end plate 5 of the pile head 2, and the hollow portion of the pile head 2 is mounted on the lower surface of the disk 30. 7 is fixed. The elastic damping material 15 made of a cylindrical urethane elastomer is attached to the outer periphery of the support shaft 32. The outer diameter D1 of the elastic damping material 15 is formed to be equal to the inner diameter of the ready-made pile 1 to be applied (the diameter of the hollow portion 7). The pile head damping structure 24 is comprised as mentioned above (FIG. 5 (a) (c)).
[0043]
Similarly to Example 1, the pile head 2 of the buried ready-made pile 1 is exposed, and the exposed pile head 2 is washed (FIG. 5A). Thereafter, the pile head damping structure 24 is installed on the pile head 2. At this time, the lower surface of the disk 30 is in close contact with the pile end plate 5 (the upper surface 3 of the ready-made pile 1), the support shaft 32 is inserted into the hollow portion 7 of the ready-made pile 1, and the hollow portion 7 of the ready-made pile 1 is elastic. The damping material 15 is inserted and filled. If necessary, the pile end plate 5 and the disk 30 are fixed by welding or the like.
[0044]
Then, like the said Example 1, the footing 20 is constructed so that the pile head 2 may be embed | buried and the pile head damping structure 22 is comprised (FIG.5 (b)). Thus, by connecting the pile head 2 and the footing 20, when an earthquake or the like occurs, a large horizontal force is generated and the pile head support device 22 is wound even if it is inclined. The movement of the support shaft 32 of the pile head damping structure 24 is absorbed by the elastic damping material 15 made of urethane elastomer or the like, and damage to the pile head 2 and the footing 20 can be prevented.
[0045]
Other embodiments of the elastic vibration damping material 15 are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0046]
[Example 4]
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0047]
After the exposed pile head 2 is washed, the pile end plate 5 (the pile head 2 upper surface 3) and reinforcing bars (including anchor bolts) 14 and 14 for fixing in the footing are attached. The fixing reinforcing bars 14, 14 can also be attached to the reinforcing cylinder 6 (side face 4 of the pile head 2).
[0048]
The attachment method is fixed by screwing the reinforcing bar 14 into the bolt hole of the pile end plate 5 or welding the reinforcing bar 14 as in the first embodiment.
[0049]
Next, an elastic vibration damping material 15 made of urethane elastomer is fitted to the reinforcing bars 14 projecting upward (FIG. 6B), and a footing 20 is constructed to constitute a pile head damping structure 22. (FIG. 6A).
[0050]
By adopting such a structure, even when an excessive horizontal force is applied to the pile head damping structure 22, the movement of the fixing reinforcing bars 14, 14 in the footing 20 is elastic damping made of urethane elastomer. Since it is absorbed by the materials 15, 15, damage to the reinforcing bar 14, the ready-made pile 1 and the footing 20 can be prevented.
[0051]
In the above-described embodiment, the elastic damping material 15 is fitted to all the reinforcing bars 14 and 14 (FIG. 6B), but is fitted to some of the reinforcing bars 14 and 14 and the other reinforcing bars 14a, It can also be set as the structure which is not fitted to 14a (FIG.6 (c)).
[0052]
Moreover, in the said Example, although the elastic damping material 15 may be provided in the full length of the reinforcing bars 14 and 14, it is also possible to make it fit only into a predetermined part. For example, the elastic vibration damping material 15 can be fitted only at the lower end of the reinforcing bar 14 for fixing in the footing, particularly in the vicinity of the joint between the pile end plate 5 and the reinforcing bar 14 (FIG. 7). If comprised in this way, since the upper part of the reinforcing bar 14 in which the elastic damping material 15 is not interposed is fixed in the footing 20 and the lower end part of the reinforcing bar 14 does not adhere to the footing 20 and can be unbonded, the reinforcing bar 14 is excessive. Even when a horizontal force is applied, there is a degree of freedom at the lower end of the reinforcing bar 14, so that damage to the ready-made pile 1 and the footing 20 can be prevented.
[0053]
Other embodiments of the elastic vibration damping material 15 are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0054]
[Example 5]
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Also in this embodiment, the pile head damping structure 22 having the following structure is attached to the ready-made pile 1 to construct the pile head damping structure 22. In this embodiment, the elastic damping material 15 is formed by laminating the elastic body 34 and the viscoelastic body 35.
[0055]
A disk-shaped iron plate 36 is laminated with a viscoelastic body 35 made of an acrylic polymer interposed between the lower surface of a disk 30 on which reinforcing bars 14 and 14 for fixing with footing are fixed. The pile head damping structure 24 is configured by fixing an elastic body 34 made of urethane elastomer to the lower surface of the iron plate 36.
[0056]
Similarly to Example 1, the pile head 2 of the embedded ready-made pile 1 is exposed, and the exposed pile head 2 is washed (FIG. 8A). Thereafter, the pile head damping structure 24 is installed on the pile head 2. At this time, the lower surface of the elastic member 34 is fixed to the pile end plate 5 of the ready-made pile 1.
[0057]
Then, like the said Example 1, the footing 20 is constructed so that the pile head 2 may be embed | buried and the pile head damping structure 22 is comprised (FIG.8 (b)).
[0058]
By forming the pile head damping structure 22 in this way, the elastic material 34 made of urethane elastomer mainly bears the compressive force, and the viscoelastic body 35 made of acrylic polymer mainly bears the shearing force. It is possible to further prevent the pile head 2 and the footing 20 from being damaged.
[0059]
In the said Example, the elastic body 34, the viscoelastic body 35, and the lamination | stacking method can also be set as another structure (not shown). For example, the number of layers can be increased, the layers can be stacked vertically or obliquely, or the layers can be stacked concentrically (not shown). Further, the combination method of the elastic body 34 and the viscoelastic body 35 is not limited to lamination, and the viscoelastic body 35 may be scattered in the elastic body 34 (not shown).
[0060]
【The invention's effect】
In this invention, an elastic body made of a polymer compound having a fine cell foam structure with a density of 0.35 g / cm 3 or more and 0.5 g / cm 3 or less is attached to the pile head of the foundation pile as an elastic damping material. Therefore, even if a stress generated by an earthquake or the like is applied, the elastic damping material is greatly deflected so that the impact can be absorbed and damage to the pile and footing can be prevented.
[0061]
In addition, an elastic body made of a polymer compound having a fine cell foam structure is relatively durable because stress is applied relatively evenly, and the replacement time due to aging of the elastic damping material can be delayed. After building the ground structure, it is possible to minimize the labor of excavating the ground, exposing the pile head, and replacing the elastic damping material.
[0062]
In addition, since a viscoelastic body made of a polymer material is attached to the pile head of the foundation pile as an elastic damping material, it is possible to absorb the stress generated during an earthquake and attenuate the stress slowly.
[0063]
Further, an elastic control formed by combining a viscoelastic body made of a polymer material and an elastic body made of a polymer compound having a fine cell foam structure having a density of 0.35 g / cm 3 or more and 0.5 g / cm 3 or less. When using the vibration material, by attaching it to the pile head of the foundation pile, it is possible to bear mainly the compressive force by the elastic body, and mainly bear the shear force by the viscoelastic body. Even if a horizontal force or the like is applied, damage to piles and footings can be further prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A to 1D are schematic vertical end views showing a construction procedure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
2A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1D, and FIGS. 2C to 2D are cross-sectional views taken along another line AA. FIG.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic vertical end views showing a construction procedure in Example 2 of the present invention, and FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic vertical end views of another embodiment of the second embodiment of the present invention. FIGS.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic vertical end views showing the construction procedure of Example 3 of the present invention, and FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG.
6 is a schematic longitudinal end view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention, FIG. 6B is a sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG. 6A, and FIG. It is sectional drawing in the -C line.
FIG. 7 is a schematic longitudinal end view of another embodiment of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are schematic vertical end views showing the construction procedure of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
9A and 9B are schematic longitudinal sectional views for explaining the properties of the viscoelastic body used in the embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ready-made pile 2 Pile head 3 Upper surface 4 Side surface 5 End plate 6 Reinforcement cylinder 7 Hollow part 11 Ground 12 Ground (after root cutting)
14 Reinforcing bars 15 and 15a Elastic damping material 16 Hollow part (elastic damping material)
17 elastic damping material piece 18 cover material 19 gap 20 footing 22 pile head damping structure 24 pile head damping structure 26 steel pipe 27 cover material 28 annular rib 29 annular rib 30 disk 31 rebar 32 support shaft 34 elastic material 35 viscoelasticity Body 36 Iron plate

Claims (6)

基礎杭の杭頭部に上部構造としてのフーチングを接合する構造において、前記基礎杭の杭頭部に、「密度が0.35g/cm以上0.5g/cm以下で、微細セル発泡構造を有する高分子材料の弾性体」を使用した弾性制振材を取付け、該弾性制振材を前記フーチング内に位置させたことを特徴とする杭頭制振構造。In the structure in which the footing as the upper structure is joined to the pile head of the foundation pile, the pile head of the foundation pile has “a density of 0.35 g / cm 3 or more and 0.5 g / cm 3 or less, a fine cell foam structure A pile head damping structure characterized in that an elastic damping material using a high-molecular material elastic body "is attached, and the elastic damping material is positioned in the footing. 基礎杭の杭頭部に上部構造としてのフーチングを接合する構造において、前記基礎杭の杭頭部に、弾性制振材を取付け、該弾性制振材を前記フーチング内に位置させて、前記弾性制振材を、前記高分子材料の粘弾性体と、「密度が0.35g/cm 以上0.5g/cm 以下で、微細セル発泡構造を有する高分子材料の弾性体」とを所定厚さの鉄板を介して積層して構成したことを特徴とする杭頭制振構造。In a structure in which a footing as an upper structure is joined to a pile head of a foundation pile, an elastic vibration damping material is attached to the pile head of the foundation pile, the elastic vibration damping material is positioned in the footing, and the elastic A damping material is a predetermined amount of the viscoelastic body of the polymer material and “ an elastic body of the polymer material having a density of 0.35 g / cm 3 to 0.5 g / cm 3 and having a fine cell foam structure”. A pile head damping structure characterized by being laminated through a thick iron plate . 基礎杭の杭頭部の外側面及び又は上面に、連続的又は断続的に、弾性制振材を取り付けたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の杭頭制振構造。The pile head damping structure according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein an elastic damping material is attached continuously or intermittently to an outer surface and / or an upper surface of a pile head of the foundation pile. 弾性制振材の外周を、該弾性制振材と所定間隙を設けて配置した鋼管で覆ったことを特徴とする請求項記載の杭頭制振構造。4. The pile head damping structure according to claim 3 , wherein the outer periphery of the elastic damping material is covered with a steel pipe disposed with a predetermined gap from the elastic damping material. 基礎杭の外径と略同径の円盤の上面に、フーチングのコンクリートと定着する為の突起を突設し、前記円盤の下面に、基礎杭の中空部に緩く挿入される支持軸を下方に向けて突設し、該支持軸の周りに、前記基礎杭の中空部に密に挿入される弾性制振材を取り付けたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の杭頭制振構造。A protrusion for fixing to the footing concrete is projected on the upper surface of the disk having the same diameter as the outer diameter of the foundation pile, and the support shaft that is loosely inserted into the hollow portion of the foundation pile is placed downward on the lower surface of the disk. The pile head damping structure according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising an elastic damping material that protrudes toward the support shaft and is closely inserted into the hollow portion of the foundation pile around the support shaft. 基礎杭の上面又は外側面に、フーチングのコンクリートと定着する為の突起を突設し、該突起の周囲に弾性制振材を嵌装したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の杭頭制振構造。 3. A pile head according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a protrusion for fixing with the footing concrete is provided on an upper surface or an outer surface of the foundation pile, and an elastic damping material is fitted around the protrusion. Damping structure.
JP2001225659A 2001-07-26 2001-07-26 Pile head damping structure Expired - Lifetime JP4826977B2 (en)

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