JP4827158B2 - Biomaterial - Google Patents
Biomaterial Download PDFInfo
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- JP4827158B2 JP4827158B2 JP2002296923A JP2002296923A JP4827158B2 JP 4827158 B2 JP4827158 B2 JP 4827158B2 JP 2002296923 A JP2002296923 A JP 2002296923A JP 2002296923 A JP2002296923 A JP 2002296923A JP 4827158 B2 JP4827158 B2 JP 4827158B2
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- porous ceramic
- pores
- dense
- hydroxyapatite
- bone
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 calcium phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004709 cell invasion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004705 lumbosacral region Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000021164 cell adhesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBNXLQPMFAUCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-H tetracalcium;oxygen(2-);diphosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GBNXLQPMFAUCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 210000002303 tibia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/28—Bones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生体用部材に関し、より詳細には、多孔質セラミックスと緻密質セラミックスとが一体化され、任意の形状を構成することができ、人工骨等に好適に用いることができる生体用部材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
傷病等による骨の欠損部位を補填する目的で、従来から、セラミックスを用いた人工骨の開発が行われている。
前記セラミックスのうち、強度や生体為害性がない等の観点から、アルミナ、ジルコニア等の人工骨が既に実用化されている。
さらに、人工骨は、自家骨等との適合性を有し、また、経時的な生体組織への吸収により定着する等の特性を有していることが好ましいことから、本来の骨の主な組成成分であるリン酸カルシウム系化合物からなるセラミックスが、より好適な材料として実用されるようになった。
【0003】
このリン酸カルシウム系化合物としては、例えば、リン酸三カルシウム、リン酸四カルシウム、ハイドロキシアパタイト等があり、これらの材料からなるセラミックスのうち、特に、気孔率が高く、かつ、各気孔が全体にわたって連通している構成からなる多孔質セラミックスが好適であるとの提案が既になされている(例えば、特許文献1および2参照)。
【0004】
人工骨は、施術後、生体骨組織が前記多孔質セラミックスに付着することによって、上記のように、生体組織内に定着するものである。
したがって、骨を形成する細胞が中まで侵入しやすく、また、該細胞に栄養分等を十分に供給することができ、しかも、強度が比較的大きい、上記のような多孔質セラミックスは、人工骨に好適な材料として、その有用性が期待されている。
【0005】
しかしながら、前記多孔質セラミックスは、比較的強度が大きいとは言っても、実際の骨の圧縮強度が約200MPaであるのに対して、一般に、その1/10にも満たないものであり、破損やひび割れ等を生じやすく、荷重負担が大きい部位の補填用人工骨として、単独で用いることは困難であった。
【0006】
このように、多孔質セラミックスは、強度の点で劣るという欠点を有しており、この欠点は他の部材を用いて補うことが必要となる。
このため、強度の向上を図るために、例えば、多孔質セラミックスの表層の少なくとも一部を緻密質セラミックスやチタン等の金属で覆って一体化させたり、逆に、芯部等の内部に、強度が高い緻密質材を設けること等が提案されている(例えば、特許文献3参照)。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−302567号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2002−17846号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2002−102328号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、多孔質セラミックスと緻密質セラミックス等を一体化させる場合、特に、大型品においては、両者の強固な接合が困難であり、使用中の衝撃等で、多孔質の部分と緻密質の部分とが分離してしまう場合があった。
また、セラミックスは、大型成形品の均質な焼成は困難であり、安定した品質の部材を得るためには、7〜8cm程度の大きさが限界であり、例えば、腓骨等の長さ20cmにもなる長管骨の場合には、複数の部材に分断して製造した部材をワイヤやボルト等により接合させるような構成としなければならなかった。
【0009】
しかしながら、複数の部材により構成した大型の人工骨は、施術後、骨が再生される間に、各部材間でズレが生じたり、ボルトによるひび割れが生じる場合があり、形状が維持されず、早期再生が阻害されることがあった。
【0010】
このように、特に、大型品においては、多孔質部分と緻密質部分とが安定的に一体化された部材を製造することは困難であった。
しかも、医療機関からの細かい要求に対応するためには、その製造方法は複雑となり、精度の高い部材を供給することは非常に困難であった。
【0011】
本発明は、上記技術的課題を解決するためになされたものであり、細胞の侵入、付着容易性に優れており、かつ、優れた強度特性を有するセラミックスからなる部材であって、任意の大きさ、形状で容易に構成することができる生体用部材を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る生体用部材は、ハイドロキシアパタイトからなる複数の柱状の多孔質セラミックス部品と、ハイドロキシアパタイトからなる複数の柱状の緻密質セラミックス部品とが組み合わせ可能に形成され、前記多孔質セラミックス部品と緻密質セラミックス部品とが、任意の形状に組み合わせされ、チタンベルトまたはポリ乳酸糸からなるベルト状または糸状のもので外周が緊締され、かつ、各部品の接合面間にハイドロキシアパタイト粉末を介して荷重をかけて焼結させることにより一体化され、前記多孔質セラミックス部品は、複数の隣接する気孔が、該気孔を区画する骨格壁部において3次元的に連通する連球状開気孔を形成しており、かつ、平均気孔径は50μm以上800μm以下であり、前記連球状開気孔は、その連通部分の平均孔径が3μm以上であり、かつ、外部に連通する気孔が前記多孔質セラミックス部品の体積の40%以上を占め、長管骨に用いられることを特徴とする。
このような構造により、本発明に係る生体用部材は、緻密質セラミックスが強度確保のための支持材としての役割を果たし、かつ、多孔質セラミックスにより、細胞等の侵入、付着容易性、生体吸収性等が担保されるため、様々な用途、適用部位等に応じた生体用部材とすることができる。
また、生体為害性のないチタンベルトまたはポリ乳酸糸を用いて緊締することにより、強固に一体化され、各部品同士が分解することを防止することができる。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を、一部図面を参照して、より詳細に説明する。
本発明に係る生体用部材は、ハイドロキシアパタイトからなる多孔質セラミックス部品と、ハイドロキシアパタイトからなる緻密質セラミックス部品とが組み合わせ可能に形成され、かつ、前記多孔質セラミックス部品と緻密質セラミックス部品とが、任意の形状に組み合わせされて一体化されているものである。
このように、高強度を要求される箇所には、緻密質セラミックス部品を配置し、細胞等の導入が特に要求される箇所には、多孔質セラミックス部品を配置することにより、任意の大きさおよび形状の部材を自在に製造することができ、かつ、利便性にも優れた生体用部材を容易に得ることができる。
【0019】
図1〜図4に、本発明に係る生体用部材の実施態様を例示する。
図1に示した生体用部材は、ほぼ同等のサイズの直方体状の多孔質セラミックス部品1および緻密質セラミックス部品2を、それぞれ多数、設計、準備し、必要な長さ、太さ、強度等に応じて、これらの部品を適宜組み合わせて、角柱状に一体化させたものである。
このように所望の形状に組み合わせたものは、各部品同士が分解しないように、その外周を、例えば、チタンベルトまたはポリ乳酸糸等のように生体為害性のない材料からなるベルト状または糸状のものを用いて、しっかりと緊締して用いられる。
【0020】
また、図2に示すように、隣接する多孔質セラミックス部品1および緻密質セラミックス部品2のそれぞれの接合箇所は、同一面とならないように、互いにずらして一体化させることが好ましい。
このようにすることにより、接合箇所における分離をより防止することができる。
【0021】
また、各部品の接合は、上記のような緊締により一体化させる方法以外にも、各部品の接合面間に微量のハイドロキシアパタイト粉末等を介して、焼結させることにより一体化させることも可能である。このとき、各部品が反ったり、ずれたりすることを防止するために、荷重をかけて焼結させることが好ましい。
さらに、上記焼結による接合および緊締の両方を併用することにより、より一層強固に一体化させることができる。
【0022】
図3は、円柱状の生体用部材の例を示したものである。このような円柱状の場合にも、図1および図2に示したような角柱状の場合と同様に、各部品のサイズ、形状等を予め設計、準備しておき、これらを適宜組み合わせることにより形成することができる。
また、前記生体用部材は、図3に示すように、生体用部材両端の側面またはボルトが挿入される箇所に、緻密質セラミックス部品2が配置されるように形成することが好ましい。
このような構成とすることにより、該生体用部材は、緻密質セラミックス部品2により強度が担保されるため、大きな荷重のかかる部位に適用することや、自家骨等にボルトにより固定すること等が可能となる。
【0023】
なお、このとき、前記生体用部材は、多孔質セラミックス部品1が緻密質セラミックス部品2により、完全に覆われた状態とならないようにする必要がある。細胞等が該生体用部材内部に侵入可能であるように、多孔質セラミックス部品1の少なくとも一部が、好ましくは2カ所以上において、外部に通じた状態となるように形成する。
【0024】
また、前記生体用部材が、大きな荷重のかかる部位に適用される場合、生体骨等にボルトにより固定される場合等には、図4に示すように、生体用部材の中央部にチタン製等のロッド4を芯状に通すようにしてもよい。このロッド4により、該生体用部材にかかる荷重を支えることができる。
さらに、前記ロッド4に、ボルト孔金具5を設けておけば、生体用部材に直接ボルト6を挿入することによる部材の破損やひび割れ等を防止することができる。
このように、前記生体用部材は、腓骨、脛骨等の長管骨用とする場合にも十分な強度を備えており、好適に用いることができる。
【0025】
本発明に係る生体用部材を構成するセラミックスの材質には、多孔質セラミックス部品および緻密質セラミックス部品のいずれも、ハイドロキシアパタイト(Ca5(PO4)3OH)が用いられる。
ハイドロキシアパタイトは、生体骨の主組成成分であり、強度等の機械的特性にも比較的優れており、生体為害性もなく好適な材質である。また、該生体用部材を人工骨として用いる場合、経時的に徐々に生体組織に吸収され、生体骨との代替性にも優れている。
なお、前記ハイドロキシアパタイトは、その一部の水酸基またはリン酸基の一部が、炭酸基で置換されたものであってもよい。
【0026】
本発明に係る生体用部材を構成する多孔質セラミックス部品は、気孔率が65%以上85%以下であることが好ましい。
前記気孔率が65%未満である場合は、本発明に係る生体用部材中に、細胞が侵入し、十分に行き渡り、付着することが困難となる。
一方、前記気孔率が85%以上である場合は、多孔質セラミックス部品の十分な強度が得られず、破損しやすくなる。
【0027】
また、前記多孔質セラミックス部品は、細胞等の侵入容易性、吸着性、強度等の観点から、複数の隣接する気孔が、該気孔を区画する骨格壁部において3次元的に連通しており、連球状開気孔を形成しており、かつ、平均気孔径は50μm以上800μm以下、好ましくは、80μm以上300μm以下であることが好ましい。
さらに、前記連球状開気孔は、細胞の吸収速度、培養速度等の促進を図る観点から、その連通部分の平均孔径は3μm以上、より好ましくは10μm以上であり、かつ、外部に連通する気孔が、前記多孔質セラミックス部品の体積の40%以上を占めることが好ましく、より好ましくは、55%以上を占める。
なお、この連通気孔の体積は、水銀ポロシメータにより測定することができる。
【0028】
前記多孔質セラミックス部品は、ハイドロキシアパタイト粉末のスラリーの撹拌起泡により、その気孔が形成されることが好ましい。
撹拌気泡によれば、上記のような生体用部材に好適な高気孔率、気孔性状等を均質かつ容易に制御することができる。
【0029】
撹拌起泡による多孔質セラミックス部品の具体的な製造方法を以下に示す。
例えば、まず、分散剤が添加された水に、ハイドロキシアパタイト粉末と、ポリエチレンイミン等の架橋性樹脂を添加し、撹拌混合して、原料スラリーを調製する。
さらに、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル等の起泡剤を添加し、撹拌起泡させて、気泡の均質化および安定化を図り、泡沫スラリーを調製する。
次に、この泡沫スラリーに、ソルビトールポリグリシジルエーテル等の架橋剤(ゲル化剤)を添加して、撹拌混合して、多孔質スラリーを調製する。
そして、この多孔質スラリーを注型して成形し、泡構造を維持した状態の多孔質ゲル化体(架橋体)とした後、焼成することにより、多孔質セラミックス部品が得られる。
【0030】
一方、上記多孔質セラミックス部品と一体化される前記緻密質セラミックス部品は、本発明に係る生体用部材が、人工骨、特に、長管骨等の大型の人工骨として用いられる場合にも、荷重に耐えられる強度を担保するため、気孔率10%以下の緻密質であることが好ましい。
【0031】
前記緻密質セラミックス部品の製造方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、通常のセラッミックス材の製造方法を用いることができる。
例えば、上記した多孔質セラミックス部品の製造方法において、ハイドロキシアパタイト粉末のスラリーに起泡剤を添加せずに、架橋剤(ゲル化剤)のみを添加して、撹拌混合して、緻密質スラリーとしたものを、成形、焼成することにより、緻密質セラミックス部品が得られる。
【0032】
なお、前記生体用部材における多孔質セラミックス部品と緻密質セラミックス部品との体積比は、特に制限されず、用途に応じて適宜調整されるが、上記のように、細胞等の侵入および付着容易性等の機能を十分に発揮させるためには、多孔質セラミックス部品が、生体用部材の全体積の50%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、70%以上である。
【0033】
上記のように、本発明に係る生体用部材は、ハイドロキシアパタイトからなり、強度を確保する支持材としての役割を果たす緻密質セラミックス部品と、細胞等の侵入、付着容易性、生体吸収性等に優れた多孔質セラミックス部品とが一体化されているものである。
したがって、本発明に係る生体用部材は、細胞の侵入、付着容易性等に優れており、生体内での定着性および生体骨との代替性に優れており、しかも、十分な強度を有していることから、人工骨として好適に用いることができ、特に、脊椎、腰椎等の荷重のかかる部位の補填用人工骨、長管骨等の大型の人工骨にも好適に用いることができる。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
以上のとおり、本発明に係る生体用部材は、多孔質セラミックスと、緻密質セラミックスとが一体化されたものであり、多孔質セラミックスの細胞の侵入、付着容易性と、緻密質セラミックスの高強度とを兼ね備えた部材として優れた機能を発揮することができる。
また、本発明に係る生体用部材は、任意の大きさ、形状で容易に構成することができるため、利便性にも優れている。
したがって、本発明に係る生体用部材は、人工骨として好適であり、特に、脊椎、腰椎等の荷重のかかる部位の補填用人工骨、長管骨等の大型の人工骨にも好適に用いることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る生体用部材の第1の実施態様を示した図である。
【図2】本発明に係る生体用部材の第2の実施態様を示した図である。
【図3】本発明に係る生体用部材の第3の実施態様を示した図である。
【図4】本発明に係る生体用部材の第4の実施態様を示した図である。
【符号の説明】
1 多孔質セラミックス部品
2 緻密質セラミックス部品
3 チタンベルトまたは乳酸ポリマー糸
4 ロッド
5 ボルト孔金具
6 ボルト[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a biological member, and more specifically, a porous ceramic and a dense ceramic can be integrated to form an arbitrary shape and can be suitably used for an artificial bone or the like. About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, artificial bones using ceramics have been developed for the purpose of compensating for bone defects caused by wounds and the like.
Among the ceramics, artificial bones such as alumina and zirconia have already been put into practical use from the standpoint of lack of strength and biological harm.
Furthermore, since it is preferable that the artificial bone has compatibility with an autologous bone and the like, and it has a characteristic of being fixed by absorption into a living tissue over time, the main bone of the original bone Ceramics composed of a calcium phosphate compound as a composition component have come into practical use as a more suitable material.
[0003]
Examples of the calcium phosphate compound include tricalcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite. Among ceramics made of these materials, the porosity is particularly high, and the pores are connected throughout. Proposals have already been made that porous ceramics having such a structure is suitable (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
[0004]
The artificial bone is fixed in the living tissue as described above by attaching the living bone tissue to the porous ceramic after the treatment.
Therefore, the porous ceramics as described above, which can easily invade the bone-forming cells, can sufficiently supply nutrients and the like to the cells, and have a relatively high strength, can be applied to artificial bones. The usefulness is expected as a suitable material.
[0005]
However, although the porous ceramic has a relatively high strength, the actual compressive strength of the bone is about 200 MPa, whereas it is generally less than 1/10 of that. It has been difficult to use alone as a replacement artificial bone for a portion that easily generates cracks or the like and has a large load.
[0006]
As described above, the porous ceramic has a defect that it is inferior in strength, and this defect needs to be compensated by using another member.
For this reason, in order to improve the strength, for example, at least a part of the surface layer of the porous ceramic is covered with a metal such as a dense ceramic or titanium to be integrated, or conversely, the strength inside the core portion is increased. It has been proposed to provide a dense material having a high thickness (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-302567 A [Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-17846 A [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-102328
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when integrating porous ceramics and dense ceramics etc., especially in large products, it is difficult to firmly bond them. Sometimes separated.
In addition, ceramics are difficult to uniformly fire large molded products, and in order to obtain a stable quality member, the size of about 7 to 8 cm is the limit. In the case of such a long bone, it has been necessary to adopt a configuration in which members manufactured by being divided into a plurality of members are joined by wires, bolts, or the like.
[0009]
However, large artificial bones composed of a plurality of members may be misaligned between members or cracked by bolts while the bone is regenerated after treatment, and the shape is not maintained. Regeneration was sometimes inhibited.
[0010]
As described above, particularly in a large-sized product, it is difficult to manufacture a member in which a porous portion and a dense portion are stably integrated.
Moreover, in order to meet the detailed demands from medical institutions, the manufacturing method is complicated and it is very difficult to supply highly accurate members.
[0011]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above technical problem, and is a member made of ceramics that is excellent in cell invasion and adhesion ease and has excellent strength characteristics, and has an arbitrary size. An object of the present invention is to provide a biological member that can be easily configured in shape.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Biological member according to the present invention includes a plurality of columnar porous ceramic part consisting of hydroxyapatite, a plurality of dense ceramic part of the columnar consisting hydroxyapatite is formed so as to be capable of combining, dense and the porous ceramic part The ceramic ceramic parts are combined in any shape, and the outer circumference is tightened with a belt or thread made of titanium belt or polylactic acid yarn , and the load is applied via the hydroxyapatite powder between the joint surfaces of each part The porous ceramic parts are integrated by sintering, and a plurality of adjacent pores form continuous spherical open pores that communicate three-dimensionally in a skeleton wall portion that defines the pores, The average pore diameter is 50 μm or more and 800 μm or less, and the continuous spherical open pores The average pore diameter is 3 μm or more, and the pores communicating with the outside occupy 40% or more of the volume of the porous ceramic component and are used for the long bone.
Due to such a structure, the biomaterial according to the present invention has the function that the dense ceramic serves as a support material for ensuring the strength, and the porous ceramic allows the entry of cells and the like, ease of attachment, and bioabsorption. Since property etc. are ensured, it can be set as the biological member according to various uses, an application site | part, etc.
Further, by tightening using a titanium belt or polylactic acid yarn that is not harmful to living organisms, it can be firmly integrated and the components can be prevented from being decomposed.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to some drawings.
The biomedical member according to the present invention is formed so that a porous ceramic part made of hydroxyapatite and a dense ceramic part made of hydroxyapatite can be combined, and the porous ceramic part and the dense ceramic part are: They are combined in any shape and integrated.
In this way, dense ceramic parts are arranged in places where high strength is required, and porous ceramic parts are arranged in places where introduction of cells or the like is particularly required, so that any size and A member having a shape can be produced freely, and a biological member excellent in convenience can be easily obtained.
[0019]
1 to 4 illustrate an embodiment of the biological member according to the present invention.
The biomedical member shown in FIG. 1 is designed and prepared with a large number of rectangular porous ceramic parts 1 and dense
In this way, the combination of the desired shapes is a belt-like or thread-like shape made of a material that is not harmful to the living body, such as a titanium belt or a polylactic acid yarn, so that the parts are not disassembled. It is used tightly with a thing.
[0020]
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 2, it is preferable to mutually shift and integrate each joining location of the adjacent porous ceramic component 1 and the dense
By doing in this way, isolation | separation in a junction location can be prevented more.
[0021]
In addition to the above-mentioned method of integrating the parts by tightening, it is also possible to integrate the parts by sintering them with a small amount of hydroxyapatite powder between the joint surfaces of the parts. It is. At this time, it is preferable to sinter by applying a load in order to prevent each component from warping or shifting.
Furthermore, by using both the joining and tightening by the above-mentioned sintering together, it is possible to integrate more firmly.
[0022]
FIG. 3 shows an example of a cylindrical biological member. In the case of such a columnar shape, as in the case of the prismatic shape as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the size and shape of each part are designed and prepared in advance, and these are combined as appropriate. Can be formed.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the biological member is preferably formed such that the dense
By adopting such a configuration, the strength of the biomedical member is ensured by the dense
[0023]
At this time, the biomedical member needs to prevent the porous ceramic component 1 from being completely covered with the dense
[0024]
In addition, when the biomedical member is applied to a portion where a large load is applied, when it is fixed to a living bone or the like with a bolt, etc., as shown in FIG. The rod 4 may be passed through the core. The rod 4 can support a load applied to the biological member.
Furthermore, if the bolt 4 is provided with the bolt hole fitting 5, the member can be prevented from being damaged or cracked by inserting the bolt 6 directly into the living body member.
As described above, the living body member has sufficient strength even when used for long bones such as the ribs and tibias, and can be suitably used.
[0025]
Hydroxyapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH) is used for both the porous ceramic parts and the dense ceramic parts as the ceramic material constituting the biomaterial according to the present invention.
Hydroxyapatite is a main composition component of living bones, is relatively excellent in mechanical properties such as strength, and is a suitable material without any harm to the living body. Further, when the biomedical member is used as an artificial bone, it is gradually absorbed into a living tissue with time, and is excellent in substituting with a living bone.
The hydroxyapatite may be one in which a part of the hydroxyl group or a part of the phosphate group is substituted with a carbonate group.
[0026]
The porous ceramic component constituting the biological member according to the present invention preferably has a porosity of 65% or more and 85% or less.
When the porosity is less than 65%, it is difficult for cells to enter the living body member according to the present invention, to spread sufficiently, and to adhere.
On the other hand, when the porosity is 85% or more, sufficient strength of the porous ceramic component cannot be obtained, and the porous ceramic component is easily damaged.
[0027]
Further, the porous ceramic component has a plurality of adjacent pores communicated three-dimensionally in the skeleton wall section defining the pores from the viewpoint of easy entry of cells, adsorbability, strength, etc. The continuous spherical open pores are formed, and the average pore diameter is 50 μm or more and 800 μm or less, preferably 80 μm or more and 300 μm or less.
Further, from the viewpoint of promoting the cell absorption rate, the culture rate, etc., the continuous spherical open pores have an average pore diameter of 3 μm or more, more preferably 10 μm or more, and pores communicating with the outside. It is preferable to occupy 40% or more of the volume of the porous ceramic component, and more preferably 55% or more.
In addition, the volume of this continuous ventilation hole can be measured with a mercury porosimeter.
[0028]
The porous ceramic component preferably has pores formed by stirring and foaming of a slurry of hydroxyapatite powder.
According to the agitation bubbles, the high porosity and porosity suitable for the biomedical member as described above can be controlled uniformly and easily.
[0029]
A specific method for producing a porous ceramic component by stirring and foaming will be described below.
For example, first, a hydroxyapatite powder and a crosslinkable resin such as polyethyleneimine are added to water to which a dispersant has been added, and mixed by stirring to prepare a raw material slurry.
Furthermore, a foaming agent such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether is added and foamed with stirring to homogenize and stabilize the bubbles to prepare a foam slurry.
Next, a crosslinking agent (gelling agent) such as sorbitol polyglycidyl ether is added to the foam slurry, and the mixture is stirred and mixed to prepare a porous slurry.
Then, this porous slurry is cast and molded to obtain a porous gelled body (crosslinked body) in a state where the foam structure is maintained, and then fired to obtain a porous ceramic part.
[0030]
On the other hand, the dense ceramic part integrated with the porous ceramic part has a load even when the biomedical member according to the present invention is used as an artificial bone, particularly a large artificial bone such as a long bone. In order to ensure the strength to withstand, it is preferable to be dense with a porosity of 10% or less.
[0031]
The method for manufacturing the dense ceramic part is not particularly limited, and a normal method for manufacturing a ceramic material can be used.
For example, in the above-described method for producing a porous ceramic part, without adding a foaming agent to a slurry of hydroxyapatite powder, only a cross-linking agent (gelling agent) is added, and stirred and mixed. By molding and firing the resulting product, a dense ceramic part can be obtained.
[0032]
The volume ratio between the porous ceramic component and the dense ceramic component in the biological member is not particularly limited and is appropriately adjusted according to the application. In order to sufficiently exhibit such functions, the porous ceramic component is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more of the total volume of the biomedical member.
[0033]
As described above, the biomedical member according to the present invention is made of hydroxyapatite and has a dense ceramic part that plays the role of a support material that ensures strength, and the invasion of cells, adhesion ease, bioabsorbability, etc. It is integrated with excellent porous ceramic parts.
Therefore, the biomedical member according to the present invention is excellent in cell invasion, adhesion ease, etc., excellent in in vivo fixation and substitutability with living bone, and has sufficient strength. Therefore, it can be suitably used as an artificial bone, and in particular, it can also be suitably used for a large artificial bone such as a replacement artificial bone or a long bone such as a spine, a lumbar spine or the like.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the biomedical member according to the present invention is an integrated porous ceramic and dense ceramic. The porous ceramic is infiltrated and easily attached, and the high strength of the dense ceramic. As a member having both of these functions, an excellent function can be exhibited.
Moreover, since the biomedical member according to the present invention can be easily configured in any size and shape, it is excellent in convenience.
Therefore, the biomedical member according to the present invention is suitable as an artificial bone, and in particular, it is also suitably used for a large artificial bone such as a replacement artificial bone or a long bone such as a spine or a lumbar spine. Can do.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing a first embodiment of a biomedical member according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a second embodiment of the biological member according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view showing a third embodiment of the biomedical member according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a fourth embodiment of the biomedical member according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Porous
Claims (1)
前記多孔質セラミックス部品と緻密質セラミックス部品とが、任意の形状に組み合わせされ、チタンベルトまたはポリ乳酸糸からなるベルト状または糸状のもので外周が緊締され、かつ、各部品の接合面間にハイドロキシアパタイト粉末を介して荷重をかけて焼結させることにより一体化され、
前記多孔質セラミックス部品は、複数の隣接する気孔が、該気孔を区画する骨格壁部において3次元的に連通する連球状開気孔を形成しており、かつ、平均気孔径は50μm以上800μm以下であり、前記連球状開気孔は、その連通部分の平均孔径が3μm以上であり、かつ、外部に連通する気孔が前記多孔質セラミックス部品の体積の40%以上を占め、
長管骨に用いられることを特徴とする生体用部材。A plurality of columnar porous ceramic parts made of hydroxyapatite and a plurality of columnar dense ceramic parts made of hydroxyapatite can be combined ,
The porous ceramic part and the dense ceramic part are combined in an arbitrary shape, and the outer periphery is tightened with a belt-like or thread-like thing made of a titanium belt or polylactic acid yarn , and a hydroxy group is bonded between the joint surfaces of each part. It is integrated by applying a load through the apatite powder and sintering ,
In the porous ceramic component, a plurality of adjacent pores form continuous spherical open pores that communicate three-dimensionally in a skeleton wall section that defines the pores, and an average pore diameter is 50 μm or more and 800 μm or less. The continuous spherical open pores have an average pore diameter of 3 μm or more at the communicating portion, and the pores communicating with the outside occupy 40% or more of the volume of the porous ceramic component;
A biological member characterized by being used for a long bone.
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