JP4828865B2 - トラフィック・パターン可変性と独立な効率的で堅牢なルーティング - Google Patents
トラフィック・パターン可変性と独立な効率的で堅牢なルーティング Download PDFInfo
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- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
- H04L45/04—Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/24—Multipath
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
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Description
本発明は、遠隔通信システムにおけるルーティングに関し、具体的には、保証されたサービス・レベルを有するルーティングのためのネットワークのノードを通るパスの判定に関する。
所与のRiおよびCiの値について、行および列の合計だけによって指定されるすべてのそのような行列の集合T(R,C)を、次の式(3)によって表すことができる。
(iii)提供される容量が、完全に使用される。行列T∈T(R,C)のそれぞれについて、このルーティング方式は、フェーズ1および2で関連するポイントツーポイント需要を完全に利用する。
2.主制約と双対変数の間に1対1対応がある、すなわち、双対問題の変数は、主問題の不等式と対になり、主変数と双対制約も同様である。
3.双対問題の目的関数は、主制約の右辺によって決定され、主問題の目的関数と双対制約の右辺も同様である。
上の線形プログラムに、2組の決定変数すなわち、トラフィック分離比αiおよび、xk(e)によって表される、コモディティkのリンクeのフローが含まれる。コモディティkに関する需要が、αs(k)Cd(k)+αd(k)Rs(k)によって与えられることに留意されたい。上の線形プログラムの最適解のαi値は、αi *によって表され、最適の目的関数値は、λ*によって表され、
重みw(e)を与えられれば、次の不等式(14)が満足される場合に限って、双対問題の実行可能な解が存在する。
(1)図6に示されているように、そのV(k)が最小になるノード
(4)すべてのe∈Eについて、w(e)←w(e)(1+εΔ(e)/ue)として重みw(e)を更新する。
(5)ノード
定理1:L=(n−1)(Σi∈NRi+Σj∈NCj)であり、L’が、Ri’およびCj’の最小の非0の値であり、εおよびδの値が、下で示すアルゴリズムの近似係数保証に関係すると考えるならば、任意の所与のε’>0について、このアルゴリズムは、次の式(16)および(17)に関して最適値の(1+ε’)倍以内の目的関数値を有する解を計算する。
次の例示的擬似コードを使用して、上で示した例示的アルゴリズムを実施することができる。
αk←0∀k∈N;
w(e)←δ∀e∈E;
flow(e)←0∀e∈E;
G←0;
while G<1 do
リンク・コストw(e) ∀i,j∈Nの下でiからjへのコストSP(i,j)の最短パスを計算する;
V(k)←Σi≠k RiSP(i,k)+Σj≠kCjSP(k,j);
G←mink∈NV(k);
if G≧1 break;
Piが、すべてのiについて、iから
Qjが、すべてのjについて、
NP(e)←{i:eを含むPi} for all e;
NQ(e)←{j:eを含むQj} for all e;
flow(e)←flow(e)+Δ(e) for all e;
w(e)←w(e)(1+εΔ(e)/ue) for all e;
scale(e)←flow(e)/ue for all e∈E;
scale_max←maxe∈E scale(e);
αk←αk/scale_max for all k∈N;
最適トラフィック分割比としてαkを出力する;
双対重みw(e)の集合に対して、D(w)が双対目的関数値を表し、Γ(e)が、すべてのノードk∈Nに関する不等式(12)に示された双対プログラム制約の左辺の最小値を表すものとすると、この双対プログラムを解くことは、D(w)/Γ(w)が最小になる重みw(e)の集合を見つけることと同等である。D(w)/Γ(w)の最適目的関数値を、θによって表す、すなわち、θ=minwD(w)/Γ(w)である。上のwhileループの反復tの初めの重み関数を、wt−1によって表し、ft−1は、反復t−1の終りまでのΣj∈Nαj(主目的関数)の値である。上で定義したように、L=(n−1)(Σi∈NRi+Σj∈NCj)であり、L’は、Ri’およびCj’の最小の非0の値である。このアルゴリズムは、反復Nの後に終了する。
補助定理1:アルゴリズムのすべての反復t ∀1≦t≦Kの終りに、次の不等式(17.1)が満足される。
補助定理2:このアルゴリズムが終了する時に、主実現可能性を保証するために、主解を、多くとも次の値の倍率だけスケーリングしなければならない。
定理2の証明:まず、このアルゴリズムの各反復の実行時間は、ノード
ここで、固定されたe∈Eの重みw(e)を検討する。w0(e)=δかつwK(e)≦(1+ε)/L’なので、この重みを反復に関連付けることができる回数の最大値は、次式(18)によって定義することができる。
値
Σi,j∈N dijtijを最大化すること。
必要な帯域幅は、この線形プログラムの目的関数であり、行および列の合計上限(T(R,C)を定義する)が、制約を形成する。この定式化を使用して、行列Tおよび値λ(T)を計算して、本発明の1実施形態と一貫するルーティング方式の効率の下限を提供することができる。
(I)ソースと宛先の両方に依存する分割比:この方式では、ノードiから発し、宛先がノードjであるトラフィックの分数
Claims (8)
- リンクによって相互接続され、少なくとも1つの入口点および少なくとも1つの出口点を有するノードのネットワークを通ってデータをルーティングする方法であって、
(a)前記入口点と前記出口点との間でのデータのルーティングに関するサービス需要を有する、パスに関する要求を受け取る工程と、
(b)前記入口点と前記出口点との間の1つまたは複数の中間ノードの集合を選択する工程と、
(c)前記ネットワークの帯域幅に基づいて、前記入口点から1つまたは複数の中間ノードの前記集合の各ノードに送られる前記データのめいめいの分数を決定する工程とを含み、前記入口点および前記出口点に対応するトラフィック行列が、前記トラフィック行列を制約する行合計上限および列合計上限を有し、前記めいめいの分数の前記決定が、前記トラフィック行列の実際のトラフィックのボリュームを考慮に入れずに、前記トラフィック行列を制約する前記行合計上限および前記列合計上限の少なくとも1つを使用して行われ、さらに、
(d)前記入口点から1つまたは複数の中間ノードの前記集合の各ノードへ、前記決定されためいめいの分数で前記データをルーティングする工程と、
(e)1つまたは複数の中間ノードの前記集合の各ノードから前記出口点へ前記データをルーティングする工程とを含む、方法。 - 工程(c)での前記めいめいの分数の前記決定が、主解および双対解を有する線形プログラムを解くことによって行われ、前記リンクに沿ったフローが、前記主解で増やされ、前記リンクの重みが、前記双対解で乗法的な形で更新される、請求項1に記載の発明。
- 前記主解が、
のもとで
を最大化すること、という線形計画法定式化によって表され、前記双対解が、
のもとで
を最小化すること、という線形計画法定式化によって表され、
Nが、ソース・ノードi、宛先ノードj、および中間ノードkを含む、前記ネットワーク内のすべてのノードの集合を表し、
Eが、前記ネットワーク内のすべてのリンクeの集合を表し、
Pが、ノードiからノードjへの所与のパスを表し、
x(P)が、パスP上のトラフィックを表し、
αiが、ノードiに送られるトラフィックの配分比を表し、
αjが、ノードjに送られるトラフィックの配分比を表し、
Riが、任意の時にノードiが前記ネットワークに送るトラフィックの最大総帯域幅を表し、
Cjが、任意の時にノードjが前記ネットワークから受け取るトラフィックの最大総帯域幅を表し、
ueが、リンクeの使用可能な容量を表し、
w(e)が、リンクeの重みの集合を表し、
SP(i,k)が、ノードiからノードkへの重みw(e)の下での最短パスを表し、
SP(k,j)が、ノードkからノードjへの重みw(e)の下での最短パスを表す、 請求項2に記載の発明。 - 工程(c)での前記めいめいの分数の前記決定が、不等であるめいめいの分数をもたらす、請求項1に記載の発明。
- 工程(c)での前記めいめいの分数の前記決定が、前記出口点の識別を考慮に入れずに行われる、請求項1に記載の発明。
- 工程(e)での1つまたは複数の中間ノードの前記集合の各ノードから前記出口点への前記データのルーティングが、前記入口点および前記出口点に対応するトラフィック行列に関する他の情報の知識なしで、前記出口点の識別に基づいて実行される、請求項1に記載の発明。
- リンクによって相互接続され、少なくとも1つの入口点および少なくとも1つの出口点を有するノードのネットワークを通ってデータをルーティングする装置であって、
(i)前記入口点と前記出口点との間でのデータのルーティングに関するサービス需要を有する、パスに関する要求と、(ii)前記要求に関連する前記データと、を受け取るように適合された入力モジュールと、
前記要求の前記パスを決定するように適合された処理モジュールとを含み、前記処理モジュールは、(a)前記入口点と前記出口点との間の1つまたは複数の中間ノードの集合を選択し、(b)前記ネットワークの帯域幅に基づいて、前記入口点から1つまたは複数の中間ノードの前記集合の各ノードに送られる前記データのめいめいの分数を決定する、ことによって前記パスを決定し、前記入口点および前記出口点に対応するトラフィック行列が、前記トラフィック行列を制約する行合計上限および列合計上限を有し、前記めいめいの分数の前記決定が、前記トラフィック行列の実際のトラフィックのボリュームを考慮に入れずに、前記トラフィック行列を制約する前記行合計上限および前記列合計上限の少なくとも1つを使用して行われ、さらに、
前記要求の前記パスに従って、前記入力モジュールからのパケットをルータの出力モジュールに転送するように適合されたルータを含み、前記ルータは、(c)前記入口点から1つまたは複数の中間ノードの前記集合の各ノードへ、前記決定されためいめいの分数で前記データをルーティングし、(d)1つまたは複数の中間ノードの前記集合の各ノードから前記出口点へ前記データをルーティングするように適合される、装置。 - リンクによって相互接続され、少なくとも1つの入口点および少なくとも1つの出口点を有するノードのネットワークであって、
(a)前記入口点と前記出口点との間でのデータのルーティングに関するサービス需要を有する、パスに関する要求を受け取り、
(b)前記入口点と前記出口点との間の1つまたは複数の中間ノードの集合を選択し、
(c)前記ネットワークの帯域幅に基づいて、前記入口点から1つまたは複数の中間ノードの前記集合の各ノードに送られる前記データのめいめいの分数を決定し、前記入口点および前記出口点に対応するトラフィック行列が、前記トラフィック行列を制約する行合計上限および列合計上限を有し、前記めいめいの分数の前記決定が、前記トラフィック行列の実際のトラフィックのボリュームを考慮に入れずに、前記トラフィック行列を制約する前記行合計上限および前記列合計上限の少なくとも1つを使用して行われ、さらに、
(d)前記入口点から1つまたは複数の中間ノードの前記集合の各ノードへ、前記決定されためいめいの分数で前記データをルーティングし、
(e)1つまたは複数の中間ノードの前記集合の各ノードから前記出口点へ前記データをルーティングする、ネットワーク。
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| US11/106,410 US7957266B2 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-04-14 | Efficient and robust routing independent of traffic pattern variability |
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