JP4843868B2 - Water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy cross-linked product, paper additive, internal paper and paper container - Google Patents
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、変性された水溶性の多官能エポキシ架橋体に関し、水溶性の自己硬化型樹脂としての各種用途、例えば、紙塗工用樹脂、繊維や不織布の仕上げ剤、各種コート剤、塗料、接着剤、そして特に、製紙用の乾燥、或いは湿潤紙力増強剤、濾水性向上剤、歩留まり向上剤、或いは凝集剤などの製紙用添加剤と、その製紙用添加剤を用いた内添紙や紙容器に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、エポキシ樹脂は、耐水性、接着性、耐薬品性、耐腐食性に優れるため、広い用途で使用されている。例えば、塗料として、食料品用の缶の内部や電気製品などの被覆剤、または紙用の印刷向上剤や耐水性向上剤、接着剤としては、木材用接着剤、各種包装用接着剤、そして繊維や不織布などの繊維加工剤やさらにはセメント混和剤などの建築材料用用途にも使用されている。
【0003】
また近年、環境保全への意識が高まり、石油資源消費の削減やリサイクル、さらにはゼロエミッションを目指す産業も多くなっている。コーティング分野では、以前から建築材料の塗料や接着剤からのVOC(揮発性有機成分)の問題が取上げられ、有機溶剤系のものから水系のものへの脱溶剤化の技術転換が活発であり、その素材として水性エマルジョンの開発が進んでいる。
しかし、エポキシ樹脂の水性エマルジョンは数多く提案されているが、水性エマルジョン化する為に、水不溶性のものはアニオン基やカチオン基を導入して親水化したり、ラジカル重合性モノマーを混合して乳化重合する方法があるが、合成手順が複雑であり、また界面活性剤や乳化剤を利用して水性エマルジョン化する方法もあるが塗膜などの性能に劣る。
そして、一般的に自己硬化型でないエポキシ樹脂に対して、硬化剤が必要となり、主剤と硬化剤とを混ぜ合わせた時のポットライフの問題や硬化剤に使用される揮発性アミン類などの毒性、或いは臭いの問題がある。
【0004】
一方、自己硬化型で水溶性樹脂として知られているメラミン−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂や尿素−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂などのホルムアルデヒド系樹脂は、例えば、各種商業印刷物や雑誌などの塗工紙分野で顔料と共に耐水性バインダー樹脂として使用したり、建装分野で壁紙や木材などの接着剤に使用する場合があるが、製造作業中、及び製品からのホルムアルデヒドの発生が問題となる。
また、ホルムアルデヒド系樹脂は、ポリアミンエピクロロヒドリン系樹脂と並んで製紙分野の湿潤紙力増強剤として多く使用されているが、他のVOCを発生するものも含めて、食品、医薬品、電子・電気部品、各種工業品などの包装材料としての包装紙や紙容器にはVOCの問題から適当とは言い難い。
【0005】
この様な背景から、僅かに或いは全く有機溶剤を含まないで、且つ自己硬化型の水溶性エポキシ樹脂が望まれるところであるが、これまで未だ実現されていない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、各種用途に使用可能なエポキシ樹脂を、従来の様な複雑な反応によらず、安価で簡便な方法によって自己硬化型に変性した、環境配慮型の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体を提供することにある。
また、特に、その水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体を使った優れた紙力向上を発現する製紙用内添剤とそれを用いた内添紙と紙容器を提供する。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に係る発明は、1分子内に少なくとも3個または4個以上のエポキシ基を有する1種類以上の水溶性のグリシジルエーテル類に、1分子中に少なくとも2個または3個以上の活性水素を有する1種類以上の水溶性アミン類を、エポキシ基mol量/活性水素mol量の比率が0.2〜3.0の範囲で反応させて得られた水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体からなり、前記水溶性のグリシジルエーテル類のエポキシ当量が100〜2000であり、前記水溶性のグリシジルエーテル類が、ポリグリセロールポリグリシジルエーテルまたはソルビトールポリグリシジルエーテルであることを特徴とする、製紙用内添剤である。
【0010】
請求項2に係る発明は、前記水溶性アミン類として、アンモニア、1級或いは2級アミノ基、ヒドラジノ基、ヒドラゾノ基、アミジノ基、或いはこれらの塩である官能基を有した水溶性の化合物、或いは高分子からなる少なくとも1種類以上のアミン類であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の製紙用内添剤である。
【0011】
請求項3に係る発明は、前記水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体の反応を、水、或いは水/水溶性有機溶剤混合系、或いは水溶性有機溶剤のいずれかの溶媒を用いて架橋反応させたことを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の製紙用内添剤である。
【0012】
請求項4に係る発明は、前記溶媒中の反応試薬原料の固形分濃度が10〜99重量%であり、架橋反応が進行後に水又は水/水溶性有機溶剤で希釈することで架橋反応を止める処理をしたことを特徴とする、請求項3記載の製紙用内添剤である。
【0013】
請求項5に係る発明は、前記水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体の架橋反応を止める為の、水又は水/水溶性有機溶剤混合系の希釈濃度が、固形分濃度で1〜50重量%の範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項4記載の製紙用内添剤である。
【0014】
請求項6に係る発明は、前記水溶性有機溶剤が、アルコール系であることを特徴とする、請求項3ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の製紙用内添剤である。
【0017】
請求項7に係る発明は、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の製紙用内添剤を紙抄造時に内添した内添紙である。
【0018】
請求項8に係る発明は、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の製紙用内添剤を紙容器抄造時に内添した紙容器である。
【0019】
請求項9に係る発明は、請求項7記載の内添紙を用いた紙容器である。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明好ましい実施形態について詳細に説明する。
【0021】
本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体は、1分子内に少なくとも3個、好ましくは4個以上のエポキシ基を有する1種類以上の水溶性エポキシ化合物、或いは高分子に、1分子中に少なくとも2個、好ましくは3個以上の活性水素を有する1種類以上の水溶性アミン類を、水、或いは水/水溶性有機溶剤混合系、或いは水溶性有機溶剤中で架橋反応させることを特徴とするものである。
【0022】
本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体の原料となる水溶性エポキシ化合物、或いは高分子は、1分子中に少なくとも3個の、好ましくは4個以上のエポキシ基を有する化合物、或いは高分子であれば特に制限はない。
例えば、グリシジルエーテル類やグリシジルエステル類、グリシジルアミン類等が挙げられる。グリシジルエーテル類としては、ソルビトールポリグリシジルエーテル類や、ポリグリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル類、ペンタエリスリトールポリグリシジルエーテル類、ジグリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル類、グリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル類、トリメチロールプロパンポリグリシジルエーテル類などが挙げられる。
これらの中には、水溶性の低いものも含まれており、場合によっては水溶性有機溶剤も併用し、水性溶液にすることができる。
【0023】
そして、グリシジルエステル類やグリシジルアミン類は芳香族系やトリアジン環のものが一般的に多く水溶性のものは少ないが、脂肪族系の水溶性にしたものを示す。これらは、アルコールやカルボン酸、2級アミン類等の活性水素とエピクロルヒドリンが脱HCl化反応しエポキシ基を導入されたものであり、これらに限らず、同じようなエピクロルヒドリン誘導体で水溶性のものであれば良い。
また、エピクロルヒドリンは毒性があるので、未反応のエピクロルヒドリンが極力少なく、昨今のダイオキシンの問題から脱ハロゲン化(水素)の良い誘導体が開発されているので、それらを使用した方が好ましい。
【0024】
本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体の原料となる水溶性アミン類としては、1分子内に少なくとも2個、好ましくは3個以上の活性水素を有する水溶性アミン類であれば、特に限定されるものではない。
例えば、アンモニア、1級或いは2級アミノ基、ヒドラジノ基、ヒドラゾノ基、アミジノ基、或いはこれらの塩である官能基を有した水溶性化合物、或いは高分子を示し、具体的には、1級或いは2級アミノ基を有したものとして、モノメチルアミン、モノエチルアミン、n−プロピルアミン、n−ブチルアミン、sec−ブチルアミン、tert−ブチルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン、γ−アミノ酪酸、モノエタノールアミンのような脂肪族および脂環式モノアミン類やアニリンや、ベンジルアミン、フェニルジアミンのような芳香族アミン類、メラミン、ピペラジン、イミダゾリジンのようなN−ヘテロ環アミン類、エチレンジアミンやプロピレンジアミン、シクロヘキシルジアミン、イソホロンジアミンのような脂肪族および脂環式ジアミン類、ジエチレントリアミンやトリエチレンテトラミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、イミノビスプロピルアミン、3−アザヘキサン−1,6−ジアミン、ポリエチレンイミンのようなポリアルキレンポリアミン類やその誘導体が挙げられる。
ポリエチレンイミンは、平均分子量300以上から100,000のものが入手できるが、好ましくは300〜10,000程度のものが良い。
また、ヒドラジン一水和物やヒドラジン塩酸塩、硫酸、硝酸、亜硝酸、リン酸、チオシアン酸、炭酸などの無機塩類も挙げられる。
【0025】
ヒドラジド基を有したものとしては、モノヒドラジド類、ジヒドラジド類及び多価ヒドラジド類が挙げられる。モノヒドラジド類としては、ホルムヒドラジド、アセトヒドラジド、プロピオン酸ヒドラジドなど、ジヒドラジド類としては、カルボヒドラジド、シュウ酸ジヒドラジド、マロン酸ジヒドラジド、コハク酸ジヒドラジド、アジピン酸ジヒドラジド、ジグリコール酸ジヒドラジドなど、多価ヒドラジド類としては、ポリアクリル酸ヒドラジドが挙げられる。ヒドラゾノ基を有したものとしては、アセトアルデヒドヒドラゾンなどが挙げられる。アミジノ基を有したものとしては、アセトアミジン、ヘキサンアミジン、ポリアミジンなどが挙げられる。
【0026】
その他、ポリアザンやポリアゼン類、グアニジン類及びその誘導体、セミカルバジド類やカルバゾン類なども含まれる。また、水溶性ポリアミン系高分子としては、ポリビニルアミン類やポリアリルアミン類、アミノエチル化ポリアクリル酸などのアミノエチル化樹脂類、及びこれらの無機酸塩やその誘導体も含まれる。そして、キトサンやその塩などの水溶性天然高分子も含まれる。
【0027】
また、以上のようなアミン類の他に、1級或いは2級アミノ基、ヒドラジノ基、ヒドラゾノ基、アミジノ基、或いはこれらの塩である官能基を有した水溶性化合物として、アルコキシシリル基やフルオロアルキル鎖、シリコーン鎖、活性ビニル基を有していても構わない。アルコキシシリル基を有したアミン類としては、3−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、4−アミノブチルトリエトキシシラン、N−メチルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N−(2−アミノエチル)3−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランなどが例示でき、中でもN−(2−アミノエチル)3−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランが特に好ましい。これらは、水に溶けにくいが水/アルコール系混合溶媒中でエポキシ類と反応させることで、アルコキシシリル基が部分的に加水分解しシラノール基になって水に溶解し易くなる。
フルオロアルキル基を有したアミン類としては、1H、1H−ヘプタフルオロブチルアミン、1H、1H−トリデカフルオロヘプチルアミン、1H、1H−ペンタデカフルオロオクチルアミン、1H、1H−ヘプタデカフルオロノニルアミンなどや、フルオロアルキル(メタ)アクリレートとヒドラジン一水和物のマイケル付加物、フルオロアルキル基含有エポキシ化合物とヒドラジン一水和物の反応物などヒドラジノ基導入体も挙げられる。
活性ビニル基を有したアミン類としては、ビニルアミンやアリルアミンなどが挙げられる。
【0028】
以上のような、1分子内に少なくとも3個、好ましくは4個以上のエポキシ基を有する水溶性エポキシ化合物、或いは高分子と、活性水素を少なくとも2個、好ましくは3個以上有する水溶性アミン類は、各々2種類以上混合されていても良く、エポキシ基mol量/活性水素mol量の比率が0.2〜3.0の範囲、好ましく0.5〜2.0の比率の範囲で反応させると、エポキシ基がアミン類の活性水素を有する窒素原子の求核攻撃を受けエポキシ環の開環反応が起る。
この時、エポキシ基とアミノ基の官能基数の関係から三次元的な架橋反応になる。この架橋反応は、エポキシ基mol量/アミン類由来活性水素mol量の比率や溶媒種、溶媒量、反応温度によって当然変化するが、反応中、攪拌するだけの非常に単純な反応と言える。
【0029】
エポキシ基mol量/アミン類由来活性水素mol量の比率は0.2〜3.0の比率の範囲、より好ましくは、0.5〜2.0の比率の範囲が好ましい。この架橋反応は、最終的にゲル化まで進行する反応条件が本発明では好ましく、前述のエポキシ基mol量/アミン類由来活性水素mol量の比率範囲外では、ゲル化し難くなる。
【0030】
本発明ではゲル化を自己硬化性の目安としている。そして、ゲル化する手前、好ましくは直前に、反応液へ水を加えて溶解し希釈することで、ゲル化反応を中止させる。場合によって水/水溶性有機溶剤混合液や水溶性有機溶剤を加えても良いが、本発明の環境配慮の目的から言えば出来るだけ避けた方が良い。
この時、予めゲル化する時の粘度を測っておくのも一つの方法である。このようにして作製できたものが、本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体と該水性溶液である。
【0031】
本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体を作る架橋反応を行う時の溶媒は、水、或いは水/水溶性有機溶剤混合系、または水溶性有機溶剤系があり、特に水を用いるのが好ましい。水溶性有機溶剤としては、余り毒性があるのは不適当であり、例えば、メタノールやエタノール、イソプロパノールなどのアルコール類、ブチルセロソルブやブチルセロソルブアセテートなどのセロソルブ類、エチレングリコールやプロピレングリコールなどのグリコール類、アセトンやメチルエチルケトンなどのケトン類、ジオキサンなどのエーテル類、アセトニトリルやジメチルホルムアミドなどの含窒素化合物で何れも水溶性のものが好ましく、特に環境的に好ましいのは、エタノールやイソプロパノールなどのアルコール類である。
【0032】
溶媒中の反応試薬原料の固形分濃度は10〜99重量%、好ましくは20〜50重量%である。固形分濃度が薄すぎると反応速度が遅く十分に架橋反応が進行しないし、固形分濃度が濃すぎると均一な架橋形成が起らず部分的にゲル化してしまう場合もあるので、この固形分濃度の範囲で適宜選択すれば良い。
【0033】
架橋反応を止める為の水や水/水溶性有機溶剤混合系の希釈濃度は固形分濃度が1〜50重量%、好ましくは1〜10重量%である。この場合、希釈濃度が薄いことは、架橋反応を止める意味から問題ないが実用的に考えた場合に1重量%以上であり、希釈溶媒種や反応させるエポキシ類とアミン類の組み合せにもよるが、10重量%以下であれば、大体の架橋反応を止め自己硬化型の多官能エポキシ架橋体水溶液を得ることができる。
【0034】
架橋反応を行う時の反応温度は、特に設定する必要もなく室温下でも十分に反応は進行するが、反応を早めたい時は、50〜80℃位まで加温しても良い。反応時間は、反応させるエポキシ類やアミン類の種類や組み合わせ、溶媒種や溶媒量によって異なるが、室温下で大体10分間から長くて10時間位かかる。反応時間が長い時は、加温すれば短時間で行うことができる。
【0035】
以上の様に、本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体は、エポキシ類とアミン類の2種類を混合して攪拌反応させるだけの極めて簡便な方法によって作製することができる。
【0036】
また、本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体と該水性溶液は、石油由来の有機溶剤を僅かに或いは全く使用せず作製が可能であり、架橋成分であるアミン類は、架橋構造中に共有結合されている為、その塗膜や含浸物、或いは内添紙などから揮発性有機成分(VOC)をほとんど或いは全く放出しない環境配慮型のものである。
【0037】
さらに、本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体は自己硬化型の水溶性樹脂である為、その用途範囲は広い。例えば、他の水溶性樹脂を含む各種樹脂の架橋剤や改質剤、金属や木材などの被覆用塗料、各種コート剤、紙塗工用印刷向上剤、紙塗工用耐水化剤、接着剤、粘着剤、繊維の防シワ・防縮加工剤や硬仕上げ剤などが例示できる。また、製紙用添加剤として乾燥紙力増強剤や湿潤紙力増強剤、濾水向上剤、歩留まり向上剤、凝集剤などにも使用できる。
【0038】
特に、乾燥及び湿潤紙力増強剤として使用した場合、本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体は構造中にカチオン性のアミンがある為、水中でパルプ繊維に容易に定着して、抄紙後の加熱乾燥により自己硬化反応が起り、エポキシ基とセルロースの水酸基との架橋反応が進行して、非常に優れた乾燥紙力と湿潤紙力を同時に発現させることができる。そして、その乾燥紙力と湿潤紙力の向上は、従来の各種紙力剤よりも優れている点は注目すべき所である。また、抄紙p.H.域に制限はなく、中性抄紙も可能である。従って、これらの特性とVOCが殆どないことから食品、医薬品、電子・電気部品、各種工業品などの包装材料用途として使用できる。
【0039】
本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体を添加させる紙原料としては特に制限はなく、木材などの通常のパルプ原料、さらに具体的には、針葉樹または広葉樹から得られる漂白または未漂白の亜硫酸パルプ、クラフトパルプ、砕木パルプ、爆砕パルプ、溶解パルプ、熱機械パルプ(TMP)、化学熱機械パルプ(CTMP)などから選ばれる1種類または2種類以上を混ぜたものでも良く、特に限定されるものではない。また、場合によっては、最近、古紙の再生技術の進歩と古紙の再生利用が高まっている為、脱墨パルプ(DIP)などの古紙再生パルプを使用しても良い。
【0040】
また、非木材繊維である麻類、綿(リンター)、わら、竹、ケナフ、バカス、シオグサ、エスパルト、楮、三椏、雁皮、ラミーなどを用いても良く、レーヨン、テンセル、ポリノジック繊維などの再生セルロースも非木材繊維に含まれる。その他、微生物産生セルロース、バロニアセルロース、ホヤセルロースなどでも構わない。
【0041】
さらに、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン系繊維やPVA繊維、ビニロン繊維、アクリル繊維、ポリエステル系繊維などの合成化学繊維や不織布の湿式抄紙、或いは以上の化学繊維とパルプとの湿式混抄時に内添しても良い。また、各種生分解性樹脂繊維、例えばポリ乳酸繊維や各種脂肪族ポリエステル繊維、キチン、キトサン繊維、アルギン酸繊維、そして炭素繊維やアルミナ繊維、ガラス繊維、ステンレス繊維等のセラミック繊維、金属繊維なども前述同様に使用できる。
【0042】
本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体を添加した内添紙は、従来の製紙工程で製紙できる。即ち、水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体の水性溶液をパルプの水分散スラリー中に任意の割合で添加し、抄紙・抄造、プレス工程、加熱乾燥工程を経て作製できる。この時、サイズ剤や染顔料、填料、或いは定着助剤を配合しても構わない。また、本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体を添加した内添紙容器を作製する場合には、従来公知の方法が可能であり、例えば、本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体を添加した内添紙をプランジャー型製函機で打ち抜き4隅を貼りあわせる組み立てる成形法や、専用のトレー成形機で熱圧押付成形できるプレス式成形法や真空成形法、或いは、湿式のパルプモールド成形手法により後工程なくパルプモールド成形することも可能である。
【0043】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例について具体的に説明するが、これらは本発明を限定するものではない。
【0044】
以下の実施例で使用するパルプスラリーは下記に示した叩解パルプの調整方法に基づいて作製した。
〈叩解パルプの調整方法〉
原料パルプは、針葉樹クラフトパルプ(NBKP)抄紙用原料を、JIS−P8209『パルプ試験用手漉き紙調整方法』に準拠して離解し、JIS−P8121『パルプの濾水度試験方法』に準拠したカナダ標準濾水度試験方法で300mlCSFの濾水度(叩解度)のものをビーターで作製し、固形分濃度1.0%のパルプスラリーを得た。
【0045】
(実施例1)
1分子中に約5個のエポキシ基を有するナガセ化成(株)製のポリグリセロールポリグリシジルエーテルであるデナコールEX521を5g(エポキシ当量183よりエポキシ基mol=27.32mmol)取り、水/イソプロパノール=1/1混合液20gを加え、良く攪拌して溶解し、その中にヒドラジン一水和物(98%)を0.70g(13.66mmol)添加した。この時のエポキシ基mol量/アミノ基由来活性水素mol量の比率は0.5であった。これを室温下で攪拌反応させた所、約20分後に高粘度になったので水を75g加え攪拌して溶解し、固形分濃度5wt%の本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体水性溶液を得た。そして、叩解パルプの調整方法に基づいて作製したパルプスラリー500g中(パルプ固形分量=5g)に水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体水性溶液5gを添加(パルプ固形分に対して5wt%)し、3分間攪拌定着後、標準手漉き抄紙機で抄紙し、脱水プレス(3.43×105Pa)を3分間行い、ヤンキードライヤー(表面温度=約120℃)で加熱乾燥させ、坪量約80g/m2の本発明の内添紙を作製した。
【0046】
(実施例2)
実施例1のヒドラジン一水和物(98%)を0.35g(6.83mmol)に代えて添加した以外同様の操作を行い、本発明の内添紙を作製した。但し、反応に使った試薬のエポキシ基mol量/アミノ基由来活性水素mol量の比率は1.0であり、これを室温下で攪拌反応させた所、高粘度になるのに約5時間かかった。
【0047】
(実施例3)
実施例1のヒドラジン一水和物をジエチレントリアミンに代えてそれを1.41g(13.66mmol)添加した以外同様の操作を行い、本発明の内添紙を得た。但し、反応に使った試薬のエポキシ基mol量/アミノ基由来活性水素mol量の比率は0.40であり、これを室温下で攪拌反応させた所、高粘度になるのに約25分間かかった。
【0048】
(実施例4)
実施例3のジエチレントリアミンを0.7g(6.83mmol)添加した以外同様の操作を行い、本発明の内添紙を得た。但し、反応に使った試薬のエポキシ基mol量/アミノ基由来活性水素mol量の比率は0.80であり、これを室温下で攪拌反応させた所、高粘度になるのに約1時間かかった。
【0049】
(実施例5)
実施例1のヒドラジン一水和物をN−(2−アミノエチル)3−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン(チッソ(株)製、商品名;S320)に代えてそれを3.04g(13.66mmol)添加した以外同様の操作を行い、本発明の内添紙を得た。但し、反応に使った試薬のエポキシ基mol量/アミノ基由来活性水素mol量の比率は0.66であり、これを室温下で攪拌反応させた所、高粘度になるのに約15分間かかった。
【0050】
(実施例6)
実施例5のN−(2−アミノエチル)3−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランを1.52g(6.83mmol)添加した以外同様の操作を行い、本発明の内添紙を得た。但し、反応に使った試薬のエポキシ基mol量/アミノ基由来活性水素mol量の比率は1.6であり、これを室温下で攪拌反応させた所、高粘度になるのに約75分間かかった。
【0051】
(実施例7)
実施例1のヒドラジン一水和物を1,4−ヘキシルジアミンに代えてそれを0.4g(3.42mmol)添加した以外同様の操作を行い、本発明の内添紙を得た。但し、反応に使った試薬のエポキシ基mol量/アミノ基由来活性水素mol量の比率は2.0であり、これを室温下で攪拌反応させた所、高粘度になるのに約2時間かかった。
【0052】
(実施例8)
1分子中に約4個のエポキシ基を有するナガセ化成(株)製のソルビトールポリグリシジルエーテルであるデナコールEX614を5g(エポキシ当量167よりエポキシ基mol=29.94mmol)取り、水20gを加え、良く攪拌して溶解し、その中にヒドラジン一水和物(98%)を0.51g(9.98mmol)添加した。この時のエポキシ基mol量/アミノ基由来活性水素mol量の比率は0.75であった。これを室温下で攪拌反応させた所、約6時間後に高粘度になったので水を75g加え攪拌して溶解し、固形分濃度=5wt%の本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体水溶液を得た。そして、叩解パルプの調整方法に基づいて作製したパルプスラリー500g中(パルプ固形分量=5g)に水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体水溶液5gを添加(パルプ固形分に対して5wt%)し、3分間攪拌定着後、標準手漉き抄紙機で抄紙し、脱水プレス(3.43×105Pa)を3分間行い、ヤンキードライヤー(表面温度=約120℃)で加熱乾燥させ、本発明の有機溶剤不含の多官能エポキシ架橋体水溶液による坪量約80g/m2の内添紙を得た。
【0053】
(実施例9)
実施例8のヒドラジン一水和物を平均分子量600のポリエチレンイミン(日本触媒(株)製、商品名;SP−006、アミン価=20)に代えてそれを0.7g(2級アミノ基;35mmol)添加した以外同様の操作を行い、本発明の内添紙を得た。但し、反応に使った試薬のエポキシ基mol量/アミノ基由来活性水素mol量の比率は0.86であり、これを室温下で攪拌反応させた所、高粘度になるのに約5時間かかった。これも、本発明の有機溶剤不含の多官能エポキシ架橋体水溶液による内添紙である。
【0054】
(比較例1)
叩解パルプの調整方法に基づいて作製したパルプスラリー500g(パルプ固形分量=5g)をそのまま、標準手漉き抄紙機で抄紙し、脱水プレス(3.43×105Pa)を3分間行い、ヤンキードライヤー(表面温度=約120℃)で加熱乾燥させ、坪量約80g/m2のNBKP原紙を作製した。
【0055】
(比較例2)
叩解パルプの調整方法に基づいて作製したパルプスラリー500g中(パルプ固形分量=5g)に硫酸バンドをパルプ固形分に対して1wt%添加し攪拌後、市販のメラミン−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂の酸コロイド水溶液をパルプ固形分に対して5wt%添加し、3分間攪拌定着後、標準手漉き抄紙機で抄紙し、脱水プレス(3.43×105Pa)を3分間行い、ヤンキードライヤー(表面温度=約120℃)で加熱乾燥させ、坪量約80g/m2の湿潤紙力増強紙を作製した。
【0056】
(比較例3)
叩解パルプの調整方法に基づいて作製したパルプスラリー500g中(パルプ固形分量=5g)に市販のポリアミンポリアミドエピクロロヒドリン樹脂の水溶液をパルプ固形分に対して5wt%添加し、3分間攪拌定着後、標準手漉き抄紙機で抄紙し、脱水プレス(3.43×105Pa)を3分間行い、ヤンキードライヤー(表面温度=約120℃)で加熱乾燥させ、坪量約80g/m2の湿潤紙力増強紙を作製した。
【0057】
実施例で作製した各内添紙の紙力強度を下記に示した試験方法に基づいて評価した。その評価結果を表1に示す。
〈試験方法〉
なお、評価を行う前に、JIS−8111に基づいて、25℃−65%RH環境下で24時間以上の調湿を行った。評価は、JIS−8113に基づいてオートグラフ(島津製作所(株)製、島津オートグラフAG−500A)を使用して、乾燥状態(25℃−65%RH)と湿潤状態(試験片を蒸留水へ1時間浸水)における各々の破断強度を測定し裂断長を求め、湿潤裂断長/乾燥裂断長(wet/dry)×100(%)を算出した。
【0058】
【表1】
【0059】
表1の結果から、本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体水性溶液内添紙のほとんどが、市販の湿潤紙力増強剤による内添紙よりも、乾燥紙力と湿潤紙力が共に大きく向上していることが判った。
【0060】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明により、エポキシ類とアミン類の2種類を混合して攪拌反応させるだけの極めて簡便な方法によって自己硬化型に変性した、環境配慮型の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体を提供することができる。
【0061】
本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体は、石油由来の有機溶剤を僅かに或いは全く使用せず作製が可能であり、架橋成分であるアミン類は、架橋構造中に共有結合されている為、その塗膜や含浸物、或いは内添紙などから揮発性有機成分(VOC)をほとんど或いは全く放出しない環境配慮型のものである。
【0062】
また、本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体は、自己硬化型の水溶性樹脂である為、その用途範囲は広く、例えば、他の水溶性樹脂を含む各種樹脂の架橋剤や改質剤、金属や木材などの被覆用塗料、各種コート剤、紙塗工用印刷向上剤、紙塗工用耐水化剤、接着剤、粘着剤、繊維の防シワ・防縮加工剤や硬仕上げ剤などの広範囲の用途に使用できる。
【0063】
さらに、製紙用添加剤として乾燥紙力増強剤や湿潤紙力増強剤、濾水向上剤、歩留まり向上剤、凝集剤などにも使用できる。特に、乾燥及び湿潤紙力増強剤として使用した場合、本発明の水溶性多官能エポキシ架橋体は、構造中にカチオン性のアミンがある為、水中でパルプ繊維に容易に定着して、抄紙後の加熱乾燥により自己硬化反応が起り、エポキシ基とセルロースの水酸基との架橋反応が進行して、非常に優れた乾燥紙力と湿潤紙力を同時に発現させることができる。 そして、その乾燥紙力と湿潤紙力の向上は、従来の各種紙力剤よりも優れている。また、抄紙p.H.域に制限はなく、中性抄紙も使用可能である。
【0064】
また、これらの特性とVOCが殆どないことから食品、医薬品、電子・電気部品、各種工業品などの包装紙や紙容器などの包装材料として使用できる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a modified water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product, various uses as a water-soluble self-curing resin, for example, a resin for paper coating, a finishing agent for fibers and nonwoven fabrics, various coating agents, paints, Adhesives, and in particular, papermaking additives such as drying or wet paper strength enhancers, freeness improvers, yield improvers, or flocculants for papermaking, and internal papers using the papermaking additives, Related to paper containers.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, epoxy resins are excellent in water resistance, adhesiveness, chemical resistance, and corrosion resistance, and are therefore used in a wide range of applications. For example, coatings such as the interior of food cans and electrical products as paints, printing improvers and water resistance improvers for paper, adhesives for wood, various packaging adhesives, and It is also used for building materials such as fiber processing agents such as fibers and non-woven fabrics, and cement admixtures.
[0003]
In recent years, awareness of environmental conservation has increased, and there are many industries that aim to reduce or recycle oil resources and achieve zero emissions. In the coating field, the problem of VOC (volatile organic components) from paints and adhesives for building materials has been taken up for some time, and the technological change of desolvation from organic solvents to water-based ones has been active. Development of water-based emulsion is progressing as the material.
However, many water-based epoxy resin emulsions have been proposed, but water-insoluble emulsions can be made hydrophilic by introducing anionic or cationic groups, or mixed with radically polymerizable monomers for emulsion polymerization. However, the synthesis procedure is complicated, and there is also a method of making an aqueous emulsion using a surfactant or an emulsifier, but the performance of the coating film is inferior.
In general, a curing agent is required for epoxy resins that are not self-curing, and there is a problem of pot life when mixing the main agent and curing agent, and toxicity such as volatile amines used in the curing agent. Or there is a problem of smell.
[0004]
On the other hand, formaldehyde resins such as melamine-formaldehyde resin and urea-formaldehyde resin, which are known as self-curing and water-soluble resins, are, for example, water-resistant binder resins together with pigments in the field of coated paper such as various commercial prints and magazines. In some cases, it may be used as an adhesive for wallpaper or wood in the building field, but the generation of formaldehyde from the product and during the manufacturing process becomes a problem.
Formaldehyde-based resins are often used as wet paper strength enhancers in the papermaking field along with polyamine epichlorohydrin-based resins, including those that generate other VOCs. It is difficult to say that wrapping paper and paper containers as packaging materials for electrical parts and various industrial products are suitable due to VOC problems.
[0005]
From such a background, there is a desire for a self-curing water-soluble epoxy resin that contains little or no organic solvent, but has not been realized so far.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention was made to solve the above problems, and epoxy resins usable for various applications were modified into self-curing type by an inexpensive and simple method, without complicated reactions as in the past. An object is to provide an environment-friendly water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product.
In particular, the present invention provides an internal additive for papermaking that exhibits excellent paper strength improvement using the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product, and an internal paper and a paper container using the same.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 relates to one or more water-soluble glycidyl ethers having at least three or four or more epoxy groups in one molecule, and at least two or three or more active hydrogens in one molecule. A water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product obtained by reacting one or more water-soluble amines having a ratio of epoxy group mol amount / active hydrogen mol amount in the range of 0.2 to 3.0, The epoxy equivalent of the water-soluble glycidyl ethers is 100 to 2000. The water-soluble glycidyl ether is polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether or sorbitol polyglycidyl ether This is an internal additive for papermaking.
[0010]
Claim 2 According to the invention, the water-soluble amines include ammonia, a primary or secondary amino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, an amidino group, or a water-soluble compound having a functional group that is a salt thereof, or a polymer. It is at least one or more types of amines consisting of 1 It is an internal additive for paper manufacture as described.
[0011]
Claim 3 The invention according to the invention is characterized in that the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product is subjected to a crosslinking reaction using water, a water / water-soluble organic solvent mixed system, or a water-soluble organic solvent. Claim 1 Or 2 It is an internal additive for paper manufacture as described.
[0012]
Claim 4 According to the invention, the solid content concentration of the reaction reagent raw material in the solvent is 10 to 99% by weight, and the crosslinking reaction is stopped by diluting with water or water / water-soluble organic solvent after the crosslinking reaction proceeds. Claims 3 It is an internal additive for paper manufacture as described.
[0013]
Claim 5 In the invention according to the present invention, the dilution concentration of the water or water / water-soluble organic solvent mixed system for stopping the crosslinking reaction of the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product is in the range of 1 to 50% by weight in terms of solid content. Characterized by 4 It is an internal additive for paper manufacture as described.
[0014]
Claim 6 The invention according to claim is characterized in that the water-soluble organic solvent is an alcohol type. 3 Or 5 The internal additive for paper manufacture of any one of these.
[0017]
Claim 7 The invention according to claim 1 to claim 1 6 Or an internal paper added internally during paper making.
[0018]
Claim 8 The invention according to claim 1 to claim 1 6 A paper container in which the internal additive for papermaking according to any one of the above is internally added at the time of paper container making.
[0019]
Claim 9 The invention according to claim 7 It is a paper container using the described internal paper.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0021]
The water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy cross-linked product of the present invention has at least 3 water-soluble epoxy compounds or polymers having at least 3, preferably 4 or more epoxy groups in one molecule, and at least 2 in one molecule. One or more water-soluble amines having one, preferably three or more active hydrogens are subjected to a crosslinking reaction in water, a water / water-soluble organic solvent mixed system, or a water-soluble organic solvent. It is.
[0022]
The water-soluble epoxy compound or polymer used as a raw material for the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention may be a compound or polymer having at least 3, preferably 4 or more epoxy groups in one molecule. There are no particular restrictions.
For example, glycidyl ethers, glycidyl esters, glycidyl amines and the like can be mentioned. Examples of glycidyl ethers include sorbitol polyglycidyl ethers, polyglycerol polyglycidyl ethers, pentaerythritol polyglycidyl ethers, diglycerol polyglycidyl ethers, glycerol polyglycidyl ethers, and trimethylolpropane polyglycidyl ethers. It is done.
Among these, those having low water solubility are included, and in some cases, water-soluble organic solvents can be used in combination to form an aqueous solution.
[0023]
Glycidyl esters and glycidyl amines generally have an aromatic or triazine ring and a small number of water-soluble ones, but are aliphatic water-soluble ones. These are those in which an active hydrogen such as alcohol, carboxylic acid, secondary amines, etc. and epichlorohydrin are subjected to de-HCl reaction to introduce an epoxy group, and are not limited to these. I just need it.
In addition, since epichlorohydrin is toxic, there are few unreacted epichlorohydrins as much as possible, and derivatives having good dehalogenation (hydrogen) have been developed due to the recent problem of dioxins. Therefore, it is preferable to use them.
[0024]
Water-soluble amines used as a raw material for the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they are water-soluble amines having at least 2, preferably 3 or more active hydrogens in one molecule. It is not something.
For example, ammonia, a water-soluble compound having a functional group that is a primary or secondary amino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, an amidino group, or a salt thereof, or a polymer, specifically, a primary or As having a secondary amino group, aliphatic such as monomethylamine, monoethylamine, n-propylamine, n-butylamine, sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, cyclohexylamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, monoethanolamine and Alicyclic monoamines and anilines, aromatic amines such as benzylamine and phenyldiamine, N-heterocyclic amines such as melamine, piperazine and imidazolidine, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, cyclohexyldiamine and isophoronediamine Aliphatic and cycloaliphatic Amines, diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, iminobispropylamine, 3-azahexane-1,6-diamine, and polyalkylene polyamines and derivatives thereof, such as polyethylene imine.
Polyethyleneimine having an average molecular weight of 300 to 100,000 can be obtained, but preferably about 300 to 10,000.
Further, inorganic salts such as hydrazine monohydrate, hydrazine hydrochloride, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, phosphoric acid, thiocyanic acid, and carbonic acid are also included.
[0025]
Examples of those having a hydrazide group include monohydrazides, dihydrazides, and polyhydric hydrazides. Monohydrazides include form hydrazide, acetohydrazide, propionic acid hydrazide, etc., and dihydrazides include carbohydrazide, oxalic acid dihydrazide, malonic acid dihydrazide, succinic acid dihydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide, diglycolic acid dihydrazide, etc. The class includes polyacrylic acid hydrazide. Examples of those having a hydrazono group include acetaldehyde hydrazone. Examples of those having an amidino group include acetamidine, hexaneamidine, polyamidine and the like.
[0026]
In addition, polyazane, polyazenes, guanidines and derivatives thereof, semicarbazides and carbazones are also included. Examples of the water-soluble polyamine polymers include polyvinylamines, polyallylamines, aminoethylated resins such as aminoethylated polyacrylic acid, and inorganic acid salts and derivatives thereof. Also included are water-soluble natural polymers such as chitosan and its salts.
[0027]
In addition to the amines as described above, alkoxysilyl groups and fluorocarbons may be used as water-soluble compounds having a functional group that is a primary or secondary amino group, hydrazino group, hydrazono group, amidino group, or a salt thereof. You may have an alkyl chain, a silicone chain, and an active vinyl group. Examples of amines having an alkoxysilyl group include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 4-aminobutyltriethoxysilane, N-methylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-amino). Ethyl) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and the like can be exemplified, among which N- (2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is particularly preferable. These are difficult to dissolve in water, but by reacting with an epoxy in a water / alcohol mixed solvent, the alkoxysilyl group is partially hydrolyzed to form a silanol group and is easily dissolved in water.
Examples of amines having a fluoroalkyl group include 1H, 1H-heptafluorobutylamine, 1H, 1H-tridecafluoroheptylamine, 1H, 1H-pentadecafluorooctylamine, 1H, 1H-heptadecafluorononylamine, etc. And hydrazino group-introduced products such as a Michael adduct of fluoroalkyl (meth) acrylate and hydrazine monohydrate, and a reaction product of a fluoroalkyl group-containing epoxy compound and hydrazine monohydrate.
Examples of amines having an active vinyl group include vinylamine and allylamine.
[0028]
As described above, water-soluble epoxy compounds having at least 3, preferably 4 or more epoxy groups in one molecule, or water-soluble amines having a polymer and at least 2, preferably 3 or more active hydrogens. May be mixed in two or more types, and the ratio of epoxy group mol amount / active hydrogen mol amount is in the range of 0.2 to 3.0, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2.0. Then, the epoxy group is subjected to a nucleophilic attack of a nitrogen atom having an active hydrogen of amines, and an epoxy ring opening reaction occurs.
At this time, it becomes a three-dimensional crosslinking reaction from the relationship between the number of functional groups of the epoxy group and the amino group. This cross-linking reaction naturally varies depending on the ratio of mol amount of epoxy group / mol amount of active hydrogen derived from amines, solvent type, amount of solvent, and reaction temperature, but it can be said to be a very simple reaction that is simply stirred during the reaction.
[0029]
The ratio of epoxy group mol amount / amines-derived active hydrogen mol amount is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 3.0, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2.0. In the present invention, the cross-linking reaction is preferably performed under the condition where the gelation finally proceeds to gelation, and gelation hardly occurs outside the above-described ratio of epoxy group mol amount / amines-derived active hydrogen mol amount.
[0030]
In the present invention, gelation is used as a measure of self-curing property. Then, the gelling reaction is stopped by adding water to the reaction solution to dissolve and dilute it before gelling, preferably just before gelling. In some cases, a water / water-soluble organic solvent mixture or a water-soluble organic solvent may be added, but it is better to avoid as much as possible for the purpose of environmental consideration of the present invention.
At this time, it is one method to measure the viscosity at the time of gelation in advance. What was produced in this way is the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention and the aqueous solution.
[0031]
The solvent for carrying out the crosslinking reaction for producing the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention is water, a water / water-soluble organic solvent mixed system, or a water-soluble organic solvent system, and it is particularly preferable to use water. As a water-soluble organic solvent, it is inappropriate to be too toxic, for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, cellosolves such as butyl cellosolve and butyl cellosolve acetate, glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, acetone And ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, ethers such as dioxane, and nitrogen-containing compounds such as acetonitrile and dimethylformamide are preferably water-soluble, and particularly environmentally preferable are alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol.
[0032]
The solid content concentration of the reaction reagent raw material in the solvent is 10 to 99% by weight, preferably 20 to 50% by weight. If the solid content is too low, the reaction rate is slow and the crosslinking reaction does not proceed sufficiently.If the solid content is too high, uniform cross-linking may not occur and the gel may partially gel. What is necessary is just to select suitably in the range of a density | concentration.
[0033]
The dilution concentration of water or water / water-soluble organic solvent mixed system for stopping the crosslinking reaction is 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the solid content. In this case, the fact that the dilution concentration is low is not a problem from the viewpoint of stopping the crosslinking reaction, but it is 1% by weight or more when considered practically, and it depends on the diluted solvent species and the combination of epoxy and amine to be reacted. If it is 10% by weight or less, the cross-linking reaction can be stopped and a self-curing polyfunctional epoxy cross-linked aqueous solution can be obtained.
[0034]
The reaction temperature for carrying out the crosslinking reaction does not need to be set and the reaction proceeds sufficiently even at room temperature. However, when the reaction is desired to be accelerated, the reaction temperature may be raised to about 50 to 80 ° C. The reaction time varies depending on the kind and combination of the epoxy and amine to be reacted, the solvent type and the amount of the solvent, but it takes about 10 minutes to about 10 hours at room temperature. When the reaction time is long, the reaction can be carried out in a short time by heating.
[0035]
As described above, the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention can be prepared by an extremely simple method in which two types of epoxy and amine are mixed and reacted by stirring.
[0036]
In addition, the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention and the aqueous solution can be prepared with little or no use of petroleum-derived organic solvents, and amines that are crosslinking components are shared in the crosslinked structure. Because they are bonded, they are environmentally friendly and emit little or no volatile organic components (VOC) from their coatings, impregnations, or internal paper.
[0037]
Furthermore, since the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention is a self-curing water-soluble resin, its application range is wide. For example, crosslinking agents and modifiers for various resins including other water-soluble resins, coating materials for coatings such as metal and wood, various coating agents, printing improvers for paper coating, water-proofing agents for paper coating, adhesives Examples thereof include an adhesive, an anti-wrinkle / shrink-proofing agent for fibers, and a hard finish. Further, it can be used as a papermaking additive for a dry paper strength enhancer, a wet paper strength enhancer, a drainage improver, a yield improver, a flocculant and the like.
[0038]
In particular, when used as a dry and wet paper strength enhancer, since the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention has a cationic amine in the structure, it easily fixes to pulp fibers in water, A self-curing reaction occurs by heat drying, and a crosslinking reaction between the epoxy group and the hydroxyl group of cellulose proceeds, so that very good dry paper strength and wet paper strength can be expressed simultaneously. It should be noted that the improvement in the dry paper strength and wet paper strength is superior to various conventional paper strength agents. In addition, the papermaking p. H. There is no restriction on the area, and neutral papermaking is also possible. Therefore, since these characteristics and VOC are scarce, they can be used as packaging materials for foods, pharmaceuticals, electronic / electrical parts, various industrial products and the like.
[0039]
The paper raw material to which the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention is added is not particularly limited, and is a normal pulp raw material such as wood, more specifically, bleached or unbleached sulfite pulp obtained from coniferous or hardwood, One kind or a mixture of two or more kinds selected from kraft pulp, groundwood pulp, explosive pulp, dissolving pulp, thermomechanical pulp (TMP), chemical thermomechanical pulp (CTMP), etc. may be used and is not particularly limited. . In some cases, recently, because of the progress in the recycling technology of used paper and the recycling of used paper, recycled paper such as deinked pulp (DIP) may be used.
[0040]
Non-wood fibers such as hemp, cotton (linter), straw, bamboo, kenaf, bacus, shiogusa, esparto, cocoon, cocoon, cocoon, and ramie may also be used, and rayon, tencel, polynosic fiber, etc. Cellulose is also included in non-wood fibers. In addition, microbial-produced cellulose, valonia cellulose, squirt cellulose, etc. may be used.
[0041]
Furthermore, it is added internally during wet papermaking of synthetic chemical fibers and non-woven fabrics such as polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, PVA fibers, vinylon fibers, acrylic fibers, polyester fibers, or the above chemical fibers and pulp. Also good. Various biodegradable resin fibers, such as polylactic acid fibers, various aliphatic polyester fibers, chitin, chitosan fibers, alginic acid fibers, carbon fibers, alumina fibers, glass fibers, stainless fibers and other ceramic fibers, metal fibers, etc. It can be used similarly.
[0042]
The internally added paper to which the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention is added can be produced by a conventional paper making process. That is, an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy cross-linked product can be added to an aqueous dispersion slurry of pulp at an arbitrary ratio, and can be prepared through papermaking / papermaking, a pressing step, and a heat drying step. At this time, a sizing agent, a dye / pigment, a filler, or a fixing aid may be blended. Further, in the case of preparing an internal paper container to which the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention is added, a conventionally known method can be used, for example, the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention is added. Punching the inner paper with a plunger-type box making machine and assembling the four corners, press molding or vacuum molding that can be hot-pressed with a special tray molding machine, or wet pulp molding Thus, pulp molding can be performed without any post-process.
[0043]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be specifically described below, but these examples do not limit the present invention.
[0044]
The pulp slurry used in the following examples was prepared based on the following method for adjusting beaten pulp.
<Adjustment method of beating pulp>
The raw material pulp is made from softwood kraft pulp (NBKP) papermaking material that is disaggregated according to JIS-P8209 “Paper Test Hand Paper Preparation Method” and JIS-P8121 “Pulp Freeness Test Method” Canada. A standard freeness test method having a freeness (beatability) of 300 ml CSF was prepared with a beater to obtain a pulp slurry having a solid content concentration of 1.0%.
[0045]
Example 1
Take 5 g of Denacol EX521, a polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether manufactured by Nagase Kasei Co., Ltd. having about 5 epoxy groups per molecule (epoxy equivalent mol = 27.32 mmol from epoxy equivalent 183), water / isopropanol = 1 / 20 mixture was added and dissolved by stirring well, and 0.70 g (13.66 mmol) of hydrazine monohydrate (98%) was added therein. At this time, the ratio of epoxy group mol amount / amino group-derived active hydrogen mol amount was 0.5. When this was stirred at room temperature, the viscosity became high after about 20 minutes, so 75 g of water was added and dissolved by stirring, and the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked aqueous solution of the present invention having a solid content concentration of 5 wt% was obtained. Obtained. Then, 5 g of a water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product aqueous solution (5 wt% with respect to the pulp solid content) is added to 500 g of the pulp slurry (pulp solid content amount = 5 g) prepared based on the method for adjusting the beaten pulp for 3 minutes. After stirring and fixing, paper is made with a standard handmade paper machine, and dewatering press (3.43 × 10 Five Pa) for 3 minutes, heat dried with a Yankee dryer (surface temperature = about 120 ° C), basis weight about 80g / m 2 Of the present invention was prepared.
[0046]
(Example 2)
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that hydrazine monohydrate (98%) of Example 1 was added instead of 0.35 g (6.83 mmol) to produce an internal paper of the present invention. However, the ratio of the epoxy group mol amount / amino group-derived active hydrogen mol amount of the reagent used in the reaction was 1.0, and when this was stirred at room temperature, it took about 5 hours to become highly viscous. It was.
[0047]
(Example 3)
The same procedure was performed except that 1.41 g (13.66 mmol) of hydrazine monohydrate of Example 1 was replaced with diethylenetriamine and an internal paper of the present invention was obtained. However, the ratio of the epoxy group mol amount / amino group-derived active hydrogen mol amount of the reagent used in the reaction is 0.40, and when this is stirred at room temperature, it takes about 25 minutes to become highly viscous. It was.
[0048]
Example 4
The same operation was performed except that 0.7 g (6.83 mmol) of diethylenetriamine of Example 3 was added to obtain an internal paper of the present invention. However, the ratio of the epoxy group mol amount / amino group-derived active hydrogen mol amount of the reagent used in the reaction was 0.80, and when this was stirred at room temperature, it took about 1 hour to increase the viscosity. It was.
[0049]
(Example 5)
Instead of hydrazine monohydrate of Example 1 with N- (2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (manufactured by Chisso Corporation, trade name: S320), 3.04 g (13.66 mmol) The same operation was carried out except that it was added to obtain an internal paper of the present invention. However, the ratio of the epoxy group mol amount / amino group-derived active hydrogen mol amount of the reagent used in the reaction was 0.66, and when this was stirred at room temperature, it took about 15 minutes to become highly viscous. It was.
[0050]
(Example 6)
The same operation was performed except that 1.52 g (6.83 mmol) of N- (2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane of Example 5 was added to obtain an internal paper of the present invention. However, the ratio of the epoxy group mol amount / amino group-derived active hydrogen mol amount of the reagent used in the reaction was 1.6, and when this was stirred at room temperature, it took about 75 minutes to become highly viscous. It was.
[0051]
(Example 7)
The same procedure was performed except that 0.4 g (3.42 mmol) of hydrazine monohydrate of Example 1 was replaced with 1,4-hexyldiamine and an internal paper of the present invention was obtained. However, the ratio of the epoxy group mol amount / amino group-derived active hydrogen mol amount of the reagent used in the reaction is 2.0, and when this is stirred at room temperature, it takes about 2 hours to become highly viscous. It was.
[0052]
(Example 8)
Take 5 g of Denacol EX614, a sorbitol polyglycidyl ether manufactured by Nagase Kasei Co., Ltd. having about 4 epoxy groups in one molecule (epoxy equivalent mol = 29.94 mmol from epoxy equivalent 167), add 20 g of water well. The mixture was dissolved by stirring, and 0.51 g (9.98 mmol) of hydrazine monohydrate (98%) was added thereto. The ratio of the epoxy group mol amount / amino group-derived active hydrogen mol amount at this time was 0.75. When this was stirred at room temperature, the viscosity became high after about 6 hours, so 75 g of water was added and dissolved by stirring, and the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy aqueous solution of the present invention having a solid content concentration of 5 wt% was obtained. Obtained. Then, 5 g of a water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked aqueous solution is added to 500 g (pulp solid content = 5 g) of the pulp slurry prepared based on the beating pulp adjustment method, and stirred for 3 minutes. After fixing, paper is made with a standard handmade paper machine, and dewatering press (3.43 × 10 Five Pa) for 3 minutes, dried by heating with a Yankee dryer (surface temperature = about 120 ° C.), and a basis weight of about 80 g / m based on the polyfunctional epoxy cross-linked aqueous solution containing no organic solvent of the present invention. 2 An internal paper was obtained.
[0053]
Example 9
The hydrazine monohydrate of Example 8 was replaced with polyethyleneimine having an average molecular weight of 600 (trade name; SP-006, amine value = 20, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.), and 0.7 g (secondary amino group; The same procedure was performed except that 35 mmol) was added to obtain an internal paper of the present invention. However, the ratio of the epoxy group mol amount / amino group-derived active hydrogen mol amount of the reagent used in the reaction is 0.86, and when this is stirred at room temperature, it takes about 5 hours to become highly viscous. It was. This is also an internally-added paper of the polyfunctional epoxy cross-linked aqueous solution containing no organic solvent of the present invention.
[0054]
(Comparative Example 1)
A pulp slurry 500 g (pulp solid content = 5 g) prepared based on the beating pulp adjustment method is directly made with a standard hand-made paper machine, and dewatering press (3.43 × 10 6). Five Pa) for 3 minutes, heat dried with a Yankee dryer (surface temperature = about 120 ° C), basis weight about 80g / m 2 NBKP base paper was prepared.
[0055]
(Comparative Example 2)
1 wt% of sulfuric acid band is added to 500 g of pulp slurry (pulp solid content = 5 g) prepared based on the beating pulp preparation method and stirred, and then a commercially available acid colloid aqueous solution of melamine-formaldehyde resin is added to the pulp. Add 5wt% of solid content, stir and fix for 3 minutes, make paper with standard handmade paper machine, dehydration press (3.43x10 Five Pa) for 3 minutes, heat dried with a Yankee dryer (surface temperature = about 120 ° C), basis weight about 80g / m 2 A wet paper strength enhancing paper was prepared.
[0056]
(Comparative Example 3)
5 wt% of a commercially available aqueous solution of polyamine polyamide epichlorohydrin resin is added to 500 g of pulp slurry (pulp solid content = 5 g) prepared based on the method for adjusting the beaten pulp, and the mixture is stirred and fixed for 3 minutes. Paper is made with a standard handmade paper machine, and dewatering press (3.43 × 10 Five Pa) for 3 minutes, heat dried with a Yankee dryer (surface temperature = about 120 ° C), basis weight about 80g / m 2 A wet paper strength enhancing paper was prepared.
[0057]
The paper strength of each internal paper produced in the examples was evaluated based on the test method shown below. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
<Test method>
In addition, before performing evaluation, humidity control was performed for 24 hours or more in a 25 ° C.-65% RH environment based on JIS-8111. The evaluation is based on JIS-8113 using an autograph (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, Shimadzu Autograph AG-500A), in a dry state (25 ° C.-65% RH) and a wet state (test piece is distilled water). In each case, the breaking strength was measured to determine the breaking length, and the wet breaking length / dry breaking length (wet / dry) × 100 (%) was calculated.
[0058]
[Table 1]
[0059]
From the results shown in Table 1, most of the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked aqueous solution-added paper of the present invention has both improved dry paper strength and wet paper strength compared to the internal paper added with a commercially available wet paper strength enhancer. I found out.
[0060]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, an environmentally friendly water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product modified into a self-curing type by an extremely simple method in which two types of epoxy and amine are mixed and reacted by stirring. Can be provided.
[0061]
The water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention can be produced with little or no petroleum-derived organic solvent, and the amine as a crosslinking component is covalently bonded in the crosslinked structure. It is an environmentally friendly type that emits little or no volatile organic component (VOC) from its coating film, impregnated material, or internal paper.
[0062]
Moreover, since the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy crosslinked product of the present invention is a self-curing water-soluble resin, its application range is wide. For example, cross-linking agents and modifiers for various resins including other water-soluble resins, A wide range of coating materials such as metal and wood, various coating agents, printing improvers for paper coating, water-proofing agents for paper coating, adhesives, pressure-sensitive adhesives, anti-wrinkle and shrink-proofing agents for fibers, and hard finishes Can be used for
[0063]
Furthermore, it can also be used as a papermaking additive for a dry paper strength enhancer, a wet paper strength enhancer, a drainage improver, a yield improver, a flocculant and the like. In particular, when used as a dry and wet paper strength enhancer, the water-soluble polyfunctional epoxy cross-linked product of the present invention has a cationic amine in the structure, so it is easily fixed on pulp fibers in water, and after paper making By heating and drying, a self-curing reaction takes place, and a crosslinking reaction between the epoxy group and the hydroxyl group of cellulose proceeds, so that very good dry paper strength and wet paper strength can be expressed simultaneously. And the improvement of the dry paper strength and wet paper strength is superior to various conventional paper strength agents. In addition, the papermaking p. H. There is no restriction on the area, and neutral papermaking can also be used.
[0064]
Further, since these properties and VOC are scarce, they can be used as packaging materials for foods, pharmaceuticals, electronic / electrical parts, various industrial products, etc. and paper containers.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP3584812B2 (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2004-11-04 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | Resin composition for paper coating and coating composition for paper |
| JP2001159091A (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-06-12 | Daio Paper Corp | Para-oriented aramid fiber paper and method for producing the same |
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