JP4850688B2 - Crushing machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a crusher that crushes various objects to be crushed mainly for the reuse and volume reduction of waste, and more particularly, among them, pruning that occurs in forest creation / maintenance management, etc. The present invention relates to a crusher capable of mainly crushing branch wood, thinned wood, branch timber generated by deforestation of timber felled in a forest, waste wood generated by demolition of a wooden building, and the like.

  The crusher includes a crushing rotor having crushing bits for crushing the material to be crushed and an anvil (fixed blade) that is arranged around the crushing rotor and mainly shears and crushes the material to be crushed in cooperation with the crushing bit. ) And a screen (sieving member) that is disposed on the downstream side of the anvil around the crushing rotor and has a discharge hole for discharging the object to be crushed, and is provided in a crushing chamber formed around the crushing rotor. When the crushed material enters, the material to be crushed moves to the fixed blade side by the rotation of the crushing rotor, and is crushed by the crushing bit and the fixed blade of the crushing rotor. The crushed material to be crushed is moved to the sieve member located on the downstream side of the fixed blade, and circulates in the crushing chamber while being further crushed at this portion. Thereby, the to-be-crushed material is discharged from the discharge hole of the sieving member (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2006-181508 A

  In recent years, due to demands for shifting to a resource recycling society, reuse and volume reduction by crushing various objects to be crushed are required in the crushers as described above. The main crushing objects of this type of crusher are pruned branches, forest residue, waste wood, and other wood, but there are also bamboo, waste plastic, bark, tatami and others.

  Except for the above bark (bark), it can be crushed in the same manner as general wood, but the bark often has a characteristic of having a certain viscosity due to moisture. For this reason, when the bark is crushed continuously, the bark crushed by the crushing bit of the crushing rotor and the fixed blade clogs the screen (sieving member) over time, and the discharge from the screen does not occur. May be possible. In this case, the crushing rotor may be overloaded by the bark accumulated on the screen portion, and may be stopped.

  This overload stop phenomenon of the crushing rotor is caused by the fact that the bark is generally not fragmented but has a fragment shape. That is, the bark thrown into the crushing chamber is crushed around the fixed blade by the fixed blade and the crushing bit of the crushing rotor, but the bark has a slightly viscous characteristic as described above. It may adhere to the fixed blade due to the crushing collision force by the crushing bit of the rotor. When the bark adheres to the fixed blade gradually, and the bark accumulates and accumulates on the fixed blade, the crushing function by the fixed blade is reduced or disabled.

  As a result, the bark passed through the fixed blade portion without receiving the crushing action and continued to stay in the crushing chamber, causing clogging on the screen.

  This invention was made based on the above-mentioned matter, and it aims at providing the crusher which can crush various to-be-crushed objects including a bark continuously and efficiently, and a fixed blade used for this. .

  In order to achieve the above object, the first invention includes a crushing rotor provided with a crushing bit, and a fixed blade for crushing an object to be crushed on the outer periphery of the crushing rotor in cooperation with the crushing bit. In the crusher, the fixed blade includes a first collision surface on the inner side in which the object collision surface is orthogonal to at least the rotational tangential direction of the crushing rotor, and an outer peripheral portion of the first collision surface. And a second collision surface that is positioned in the counter-rotating direction of the crushing rotor.

  The second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the first collision surface and the second collision surface are formed integrally with a fixed blade.

  Furthermore, the second invention is characterized in that, in the second invention, the second collision surface is formed as an inclined surface.

  The fourth invention is characterized in that, in the second invention, the second collision surface is formed by a surface curved inward.

  Furthermore, the fifth invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, at least the first collision surface is formed by a detachable fixed blade.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fixed blade of a crusher for crushing a material to be crushed in cooperation with a crushing bit provided on the outer periphery of the crushing rotor, wherein the fixed blade has at least a crushing rotor with a crushing object collision surface. The first collision surface on the inner side orthogonal to the rotational tangential direction of the first and the second collision surface whose outer peripheral side is located in the anti-rotation direction of the crushing rotor.

  According to the crusher of the present invention, not only the bark having a characteristic of being slightly viscous due to containing water, but also various other objects to be crushed can be crushed continuously and efficiently. As a result, it can be reused or reduced in volume by crushing various objects to be crushed including bark.

  According to the fixed blade of the crusher of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently and continuously crush other various objects to be crushed as well as the bark having a characteristic of being slightly viscous by containing moisture.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the crusher of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 4 show an embodiment of the crusher of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a side view showing the overall structure of the embodiment of the crusher of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 3 is a top view of an embodiment of the crusher of the present invention, FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view showing a crushing device portion provided in the embodiment of the crusher of the present invention shown in FIG. It is a side view which expands and shows the fixed blade part of the A section in FIG. In the following, the direction corresponding to the left and right in FIG.

  1 and 2, the crusher includes a traveling body 1 that enables self-running, a crushing function component 2 that crushes the object to be crushed provided on the traveling body 1, and the crushing function component. A power conveyor (power unit) 4 including a discharge conveyor 3 that transports the crushed material (crushed chips) crushed in 2 and discharges it outside the machine, and an engine that is a power source of each device mounted on the traveling body 1 And is roughly configured.

  The traveling body 1 includes a track frame 5, drive wheels 6 and driven wheels 7 provided at both front and rear ends of the track frame 5, and a drive device (travel hydraulic motor) 8 in which an output shaft is connected to the shaft of the drive wheel 6. And a crawler belt (an endless track crawler belt) 9 wound around the driving wheel 6 and the driven wheel 7. A main body frame 10 is provided on the track frame 5, and the main body frame 10 supports the crushing function component 2, the discharge conveyor 3, the power unit 4, and the like.

  The crushing function constituent unit 2 includes a hopper 11 that receives an object to be crushed, a feed conveyor 12 (see FIG. 2) serving as a means for conveying the object to be crushed accommodated in the hopper 11, and the feed conveyor 12 The crushing device 13 (see FIG. 3) for crushing the material to be crushed introduced by the crusher, and the press feeder device 14 for pressing the material to be introduced into the crushing device 13 before the crushing device 13 into the feed conveyor 12 (FIG. 3). Reference).

  As shown in FIG. 3, the feed conveyor 12 includes a sprocket-like drive wheel 16 provided on the crushing rotor 15 (described later) side, a driven wheel (not shown) provided on the opposite side (rear side of the crusher), Conveying bodies (conveying belts, chain belts) 17 wound between driving wheels 16 and driven wheels provided at both ends in the conveying direction and arranged in a plurality of rows (4 rows in this example, see FIG. 2) in the width direction. And.

  The driven wheel is supported by a bearing 19 (see FIG. 1) provided at the rear portion of the side wall 18 (see FIG. 1) of the hopper 11. The drive wheel 16 is supported by a bearing (not shown) provided on a side frame 20 (not shown) of the crushing device 13 provided on the front side of the side wall body 18. As a result, the feed conveyor 12 extends from the lower part of the hopper 11, that is, from the inside of the side wall 18 of the hopper 11 to the vicinity of the crushing rotor 15 (described later), and extends substantially horizontally, and the side frame 20 of the hopper 11 and the crushing device 13. It is stored inside. The rotating shaft 21 of the driving wheel 16 of the feed conveyor 12 is connected to the output shaft of a driving device (not shown) provided on the outer side in the width direction than the bearing through a coupling or the like. The feed conveyor 12 is configured to circulate and drive the transport body 17 between the drive wheels 16 and the driven wheels by rotationally driving a drive device (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 3, the pressing feeder device 14 is provided so as to be close to the rear side of the crushing rotor 15 (described later) and on the upper part of the feed conveyor 12 so as to face the conveying surface thereof. The crushed material is introduced toward the crushing rotor 15 while pressing the material to be crushed on the feed conveyor 12 from above. The pressing feeder device 14 has a rotating shaft 22 pivotally supported by a bearing 21 provided on the side frame 20 above the crushing device 13, so that it can rotate in a vertical plane (can swing in the vertical direction). ) A supported support member (arm) 23, and a presser roller 24 that is rotatably provided to the support member 23.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the support member 23 includes an arm portion 25 having a rotation shaft 22, and a bracket portion 26 that is provided on the distal end side of the arm portion 25 and supports the presser roller 24. Yes. The lower end surface of the arm portion 25 is curved in an arc shape, and a curved plate 28 constituting a part of a crushing chamber 27 (described later) is attached to the curved portion. On the other hand, the pressing roller 24 mounting portion of the bracket portion 26 is formed in an arc shape having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the pressing roller 24, and the outer peripheral surface of the pressing roller 24 protrudes from the bracket portion 26.

  The presser roller 24 is set so that the dimension in the width direction (perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 3) is equal to or larger than the width of the transport surface of the feed conveyor 12, and is not specifically shown, but is driven in its body. Built-in device. The pressing roller 24 is rotated at a peripheral speed substantially the same as the conveyance speed of the object to be crushed conveyed on the conveying surface of the feed conveyor 12 by the drive device (not shown), In cooperation with the feed conveyor 12, it is introduced into the crushing chamber 27 (described later).

  The hydraulic cylinder (arm driving means) 29 has a bottom end connected to a bracket 30 fixed to the crusher side frame 20 side via a pin 31 and a rod end connected to the arm 25. It is connected via a pin 33 to a bracket 32 provided at the rear end (left side in FIG. 3) at the front end. By this hydraulic cylinder 29, the pressing feeder device 14 is rotated around the rotation shaft 22, and is raised or lowered with respect to the feed conveyor 12 (crushing device 13) (in other words, separated or close to the crushing device 13). It is possible.

  The crushing device 13 is mounted on a substantially central portion in the longitudinal direction of the main body frame 10 (see FIG. 1). As shown in FIG. 3, the crushing rotor 15 that rotates at high speed in the crushing chamber 27, and the crushing rotor 15 Provided on the radially outer side is an anvil (fixed blade) 34 arranged so that the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15 (referred to as the forward rotation direction as appropriate; clockwise direction in FIG. 3) and the collision surface (described later) face each other. Yes.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the crushing rotor 15 is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown) provided on, for example, a side frame 20 of the crushing device 13 (or a support member (not shown) provided separately on the main body frame 10). Has been. On the outer periphery of the crushing rotor 15, a plurality of support members 35 and crushing bits (impact plates or crushing blades) 36 attached to the support members 35 are arranged. The crushing bit 36 is disposed such that the blade surface thereof precedes the support member 35 when the crushing rotor 15 rotates in the forward rotation direction. Each crushing bit 36 is fixed to the support member 35 with bolts 37 or the like, and can be easily replaced even when worn by crushing work.

  In the radially outer side of the crushing rotor 15, as shown in FIG. 3, the direction in which the material to be crushed flows from where the material to be crushed is introduced toward the crushing rotor 15 (periphery of the pressing roller 24). A curved plate 28, an anvil 34, a first screen 38 (described later), and a second screen 39 (described later) are provided in order from the upstream side to the downstream side in the forward rotation direction (36). The crushing chamber 27 is a space generally defined by the curved plate 28, the anvil 34, the first screen 38, the second screen 39, and the like, and the feed conveyor 12 and the pressure feeder device 14 side (in FIG. 3). , Left side) is open as an object introduction part.

  The anvil 34 has a surface (collision surface) 60 on which an object to be crushed introduced into the crushing chamber 27 collides. The anvil 34 is detachably attached to the holding member 40 so that the collision surface 60 faces the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15. The holding member 40 is rotatably supported by a rotation shaft 41. A first screen 38 is provided on the side surface of the crushing rotor 15 of the holding member 40. The rear side of the holding member 40 is connected to a support member 42 fixed to the side frame 20 via a shear pin 43. When an impact load exceeding the allowable limit of the shear pin 43 is applied to the anvil 34, the shear pin 43 is broken, the restraint of the holding member 40 is released, and the holding member 40 rotates about the rotation shaft 41. The crushing chamber 27 is evacuated.

  The anvil (fixed blade) 34 has an inner first collision surface 60A whose collision surface is perpendicular to the rotational tangential direction of the crushing rotor 15, and the crushing rotor 15 opposite to the first collision surface 60A. The second collision surface 60B is inclined in the rotation direction. The second collision surface 60B exhibits the function of preventing the adhesion of the bark described above.

  The second screen 39 has a plurality of discharge holes (not shown) having a predetermined diameter for discharging the crushed material from the crushing chamber 27. The second screen 39 can be attached to and detached from a frame-type screen holding member (screen holder) 44 so as to be located downstream of the first screen 38 in the distribution direction of the object to be crushed and outside in the radial direction of the crushing rotor 15. Installed. One end (left side in FIG. 3) of the circumferential direction (circumferential direction of the crushing rotor 15) of the screen holding member 44 is rotatably attached to the rotation shaft 45. In addition, a support member 46 is connected to the other end (right side in FIG. 3) of the screen holding member 44 to hold the posture.

  Returning to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the discharge conveyor 3 is a conveyor wound around a frame 50 and drive wheels (not shown) and driven wheels (not shown) provided at both longitudinal ends of the frame 50. A conveyor cover 51 provided on a belt (not shown), a driving device (hydraulic motor for discharge conveyor) 52 for rotating the driving wheel, and the like are included. The discharge side (front side, right side in FIGS. 1 and 2) of the discharge conveyor 3 is supported by suspension by a support member 53 provided protruding from the power unit 4, and the opposite side (rear side, FIGS. 1 and 2). The left portion in FIG. 2 is supported by being suspended from the main body frame 10 via a support member 54. The discharge conveyor 3 is passed by the support members 53 and 54 from below the crushing device 13 and below the power unit 4 and is arranged in an upward inclination outward from the front side of the self-propelled crusher, and drives the drive device 52 to rotate. Thus, the conveyor belt is driven to circulate between the driving wheel and the driven wheel.

  The power unit 4 is mounted on the other end in the longitudinal direction of the main body frame 10 (the right side in FIGS. 1 and 2) via a support member 55. A driver's seat 56 is provided in a compartment on the rear side of the power unit 4 and on one side in the width direction (lower side in FIG. 2). The driver's seat 56 is provided with an operation lever 57 for driving the self-propelled crusher. Below the driver's seat 56 is an operation panel 58 for performing other operations, settings, monitoring and the like. Is provided.

  Next, the operation of the above-described embodiment of the crusher of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. When an object to be crushed is introduced into the hopper 11 by a heavy machine (hydraulic excavator or the like) equipped with an appropriate work tool such as a grapple, the object to be crushed is guided by the expanding portion of the hopper 11 and is transported 17 of the feed conveyor 12. It is transported in a substantially horizontal direction toward the front side of the crusher by the transport body 17 that is placed on and circulated and driven. When the object to be crushed on the feed conveyor 12 is conveyed to the vicinity of the press feeder device 14, it enters the lower part of the presser roller 24 and pushes up the press feeder device 14.

  The object to be crushed by pushing up the pressure feeder device 14 is introduced into the crushing chamber 27 while being pressed against the feed conveyor 12 by the weight of the pressure feeder device 14. At that time, the object to be crushed protrudes into the crushing chamber 27 in a cantilever shape with a portion sandwiched between the pressing roller 24 and the feed conveyor 12 as a fulcrum. Then, the crushing bit 35 of the crushing rotor 15 that rotates on the protruding portion collides from below so that the crushing bit 35 is primarily crushed relatively roughly. The primary crushed material to be crushed flows through the crushing chamber 27 to the anvil 34 according to the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15, and is further finely crushed by the anvil 34.

  The object to be crushed that has been subjected to the secondary crushing as described above passes through the gap formed between the anvil 34 and the crushing rotor 15 and passes in the vicinity of the first screen 38. Among the objects to be crushed that have reached the vicinity of the first screen 38 with the rotation of the crushing rotor 15, those smaller than the diameter of the discharge hole of the first screen 38 are directly passed through the crushing chamber 27 via the first screen 38. The particles larger than the diameter of the discharge hole continue to circulate in the crushing chamber 27 and collide with the crushing bit 36, the anvil 34, the inner wall surface of the crushing chamber 27, etc., and gradually target particles It is crushed to the diameter (tertiary crushing) and discharged from the discharge hole of the second screen 39.

  The crushed material (crushed chips) discharged from the crushing chamber 27 falls on a conveyor belt of the discharge conveyor 3 that is driven to circulate through a chute (not shown). The crushed material dropped on the conveyor belt is conveyed to the front side of the crusher (the right side in FIGS. 1 and 2) and accumulated.

  In the above-described crushing operation of the object to be crushed, when the bark having characteristics such as containing moisture is slightly crushed as the object to be crushed, the bark put into the crushing chamber is around the anvil 34. And the crushing bit 36 of the crushing rotor 15, but the bark has a slightly viscous characteristic as described above. Therefore, the crushing collision force of the crushing bit 36 of the crushing rotor 15 causes the collision surface of the anvil 34. It may adhere to the side and gradually adhere.

  Other bark collides sequentially with the bark deposited and deposited on the impact surface, and impacts the deposited bark layer. Due to this impact force and the inclined surface of the second collision surface 60B at the collision surface, a force acting on the crushing rotor 15 side acts on the accumulated bark layer.

  As a result, the accumulated bark layer peels off from the collision surface of the anvil 34, is crushed by the anvil 34 and the crushing rotor 15, reaches the first screen 38 and the second screen 39, and is discharged from their discharge holes. Is done.

  According to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to continuously and efficiently crush various other objects to be crushed as well as bark having characteristics such as containing moisture and having a slightly viscous property. As a result, it can be reused or reduced in volume by crushing various objects to be crushed including bark. Moreover, since accumulation of bark on the screen portion can be suppressed, it is possible to prevent overloading of the crushing rotor and occurrence of a stopped state.

  FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the fixed blade in the crusher according to the present invention. In FIG. 4, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. . In this embodiment, the anvil 34 has an inner first collision surface 60A whose collision surface is perpendicular to the rotational tangential direction of the crushing rotor 15, and an outer side with respect to the first collision surface 60A. The portion is located in the counter-rotating direction of the crushing rotor 15 and is formed to include a second collision surface 60C curved inward. The second collision surface 60C exhibits the function of preventing the adhesion of the bark described above.

  In this embodiment, as in the above-described embodiment, not only the bark having a characteristic of being slightly viscous due to containing water, but also various other objects to be crushed can be efficiently and continuously crushed. Can do. As a result, it can be reused or reduced in volume by crushing various objects to be crushed including bark. Moreover, since accumulation of bark on the screen portion can be suppressed, it is possible to prevent overloading of the crushing rotor and occurrence of a stopped state. Furthermore, since the second collision surface 60C is formed of a curved surface, the peelability of the deposited bark layer from the collision surface of the anvil 34 is good.

  FIG. 5 shows still another embodiment of the fixed blade in the crusher of the present invention. In FIG. 5, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. Description is omitted. In this embodiment, an anvil 34B is detachably provided by a bolt (not shown) on the crushing rotor 15 side portion of the main body 34A of the anvil 34, and the first collision surface 60A of the anvil 34B is shown in FIG. As illustrated, the crushing rotor 15 is configured to be perpendicular to the rotational tangential direction of the crushing rotor 15, and the second collision surface 60B on the outer side thereof is crushing rotor 15 with respect to the first collision surface 60A of the inner anvil 34B. Is formed integrally with the main body 34A of the anvil 34 so as to form a second collision surface 60B inclined in the counter-rotating direction. The outer second collision surface 60B exhibits the above-described function of preventing bark adhesion.

  In this embodiment, as in the above-described embodiment, not only the bark having a characteristic of being slightly viscous due to containing water, but also various other objects to be crushed can be efficiently and continuously crushed. Can do. As a result, it can be reused or reduced in volume by crushing various objects to be crushed including bark. Moreover, since accumulation of bark on the screen portion can be suppressed, it is possible to prevent overloading of the crushing rotor and occurrence of a stopped state. Furthermore, since the anvil 34B is detachably provided on the inner part of the anvil where the wear is severe, the replacement work is easy.

  FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the fixed blade in the crusher of the present invention. In FIG. 6, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are the same parts. Detailed description is omitted. In this embodiment, the main body 34A of the anvil 34 is detachably provided with two anvils 34B and 34C and bolts (not shown). The inner anvil 34B has a first collision surface 60A of the crushing rotor 15. The outer anvil 34C is arranged so as to be perpendicular to the rotational tangential direction, and the second collision surface 60B is in the anti-rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15 with respect to the first collision surface 60A of the inner anvil 34B. It arrange | positions so that the inclined 2nd collision surface 60B may be formed. The second collision surface 60B of the outer anvil 34A exhibits the above-described bark adhesion prevention function.

  In this embodiment, as in the above-described embodiment, not only the bark having a characteristic of being slightly viscous due to containing water, but also various other objects to be crushed can be efficiently and continuously crushed. Can do. As a result, it can be reused or reduced in volume by crushing various objects to be crushed including bark. Moreover, since accumulation of bark on the screen portion can be suppressed, it is possible to prevent overloading of the crushing rotor and occurrence of a stopped state. In addition, since the anvils 34A and 34B are detachably provided on the inner and outer portions of the anvil where the wear is severe, the replacement work is easy and the durability can be improved.

  In the above description, the case where the present invention is applied to a crusher capable of traveling on its own has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention can also be applied to a portable crusher that can be transported, and a stationary crusher that is arranged as a fixed machine in a plant or the like.

It is a side view which shows the whole structure of one Embodiment of the crusher of this invention. It is a top view of one embodiment of the crusher of the present invention shown in FIG. It is a side view which expands and shows the crushing device part provided in one Embodiment of the crusher of this invention shown in FIG. It is a side view which expands and shows the other example of the fixed blade part which comprises one Embodiment of the crusher of this invention. It is a side view which expands and shows another example of the fixed blade part which comprises one Embodiment of the crusher of this invention. It is a side view which expands and shows the other example of the fixed blade part which comprises one Embodiment of the crusher of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

13 Crushing device 15 Crushing rotor 27 Crushing chamber 34 Anvil (fixed blade)
36 crushing bit 60A first collision surface 60B second collision surface

Claims (6)

  In a crusher comprising a crushing rotor provided with a crushing bit, and a fixed blade for crushing a material to be crushed in cooperation with the crushing bit on the outer periphery of the crushing rotor, the fixed blade has a crushing object collision surface. A first collision surface that is at least perpendicular to the rotational tangential direction of the crushing rotor, and a second outer surface of the first collision surface that is positioned in the counter-rotating direction of the crushing rotor. A crusher characterized by comprising a collision surface.   The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the first collision surface and the second collision surface are formed integrally with a fixed blade.   The crusher according to claim 2, wherein the second collision surface is an inclined surface.   The crusher according to claim 2, wherein the second collision surface is formed by a surface curved inward.   The crusher according to claim 1, wherein at least the first collision surface is formed by a detachable fixed blade.   In the fixed blade of the crusher that crushes the object to be crushed in cooperation with the crushing bit provided on the outer periphery of the crushing rotor, the crushing object collision surface is at least orthogonal to the rotational tangential direction of the crushing rotor. A crusher fixed blade comprising a first collision surface on the inner side and a second collision surface whose outer peripheral side is positioned in the counter-rotating direction of the crushing rotor.

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