JP4854504B2 - 3D image display method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a three-dimensional image display method for improving the image quality of integral photography (IP) and integral videography (IV).

  In “Integral Photography (IP)”, which is one of the three-dimensional image display methods, and “Integral Videography (IV)” in which the display of the image group is digitized to support moving images, two convex lenses are used. A two-dimensionally arranged convex lens array and a group of images arranged on its focal plane are used.

  When viewed from a certain viewpoint, a certain point in the image group on the focal plane of the convex lens array is observed to be magnified over the entire lens, and each lens of the lens array observes a two-dimensional image corresponding to a pixel. Become.

  Therefore, there is no problem if the lens pitch and lens diameter of the lens array are smaller than the resolution of the human eye, but with IP (IV) that can be realized with the current technology, the lens pitch and lens diameter are large, and a mosaic structure due to them is observed. In some cases, it was annoying, or even stereoscopic viewing was difficult.

  As a simple method for solving this problem, a diffuser plate having a slight diffusivity is often inserted in the vicinity of the most projected position of the stereoscopic image (Non-patent Document 1).

  However, with this method, the outline of the lens array is blurred, making it difficult to see the mosaic structure.However, due to the nature of the diffuser, the image of the position (distance) of the diffuser is not blurred, but the images before and after the diffuser are at that distance. As the blur increases in proportion to the lens array, the image behind the lens array becomes more blurred, resulting in a narrower range of depth that can be expressed.

In addition, a method of apparently improving the resolution of the IV image by oscillating the lens array at high speed and simultaneously updating the image on the back of the lens has been developed. (Non-Patent Document 2).
Hongen Liao, Makoto Iwahara, Nobuhiko Hata, Takeyoshi Dohi: High-quality integral videography using a multi-projector, Optics Express, Vol. 12 No. 6, pp.1067-1076, 2004. Jang, JS; Javidi, B: Improved viewing resolution of three-dimensional integral imaging by use of nonstationary micro-optics, OPTICS LETTERS, 27 (5): 324-326 MAR 1 2002

  However, according to the above technique, when the lens pitch and the lens diameter are large, a mosaic structure due to them is observed, which is obstructive or even difficult to stereoscopically view.

  In addition, if the lens pitch and the lens diameter are reduced so that the mosaic structure by the lens array does not become an obstacle, the cost becomes extremely high.

  In addition, in the method of inserting a diffuser plate showing a slight diffusivity near the position where the stereo image protrudes most, the outline of the lens array is blurred and the mosaic structure becomes difficult to see. The image of the position (distance) is not blurred, but the image before and after the diffuser is more blurred in proportion to the distance, so the image behind the lens array is greatly blurred and the depth range that can be expressed in the end The result was narrowing.

  In addition, a method of apparently improving the resolution of the IV image by oscillating the lens array at a high speed and simultaneously updating the image on the back side of the lens has been developed. However, the vibration of the lens array and the display for displaying the image is complicated. Was necessary.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an IP (IV) in which a mosaic structure is difficult to see without using a complicated driving device and without greatly blurring a three-dimensional image.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the first invention is that the lens array and the image display means are integrated and moved in a substantially circular motion while the direction is constant in a plane parallel to the image display surface of the image display means. This is a three-dimensional image display method.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, a transparent material having a front and rear surfaces parallel to each other and having a refractive index different from that of air is attached to the front surface of the lens array so as to be inclined rather than perpendicular to the rotation axis. It is a three-dimensional image display method characterized by being arranged substantially perpendicular to a surface and rotating.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, a transparent material having a refractive index different from that of air and having a front surface and a rear surface that are parallel to each other on the front surface of the lens array and a surface shape that is parallel to the surface is substantially parallel to the image display surface of the image display means. It is a three-dimensional image display method characterized by rotating in the interior.

  According to a fourth aspect of the invention, on the front surface of the lens array, two transparent materials whose one side is a prism array and the other side is a plane having a refractive index different from that of air are arranged so that the prism surfaces are inside or outside each other. And the prism arrays are arranged so that the surface shapes thereof are parallel to each other, and the two transparent materials are integrally rotated in a plane substantially parallel to the image display surface of the image display means. This is a characteristic three-dimensional image display method.

  According to the first to fourth aspects of the invention, the IP (IV) display does not change its orientation as a whole, and all the lenses of the lens array appear to rotate with a constant radius.

  If you rotate the motor so fast that the rotational movement of each lens cannot be perceived as an afterimage of the eye, each lens will feel blurred according to its rotational radius, making it difficult to see the lens mosaic structure. Make 3D images easier to recognize.

  In addition, with the conventional method of inserting a diffuser, the outline of the lens array is blurred and the mosaic structure becomes difficult to see, but due to the nature of the diffuser, the image of the position (distance) of the diffuser is not blurred, but from the diffuser The back-and-forth image has an increased blur in proportion to the distance, and the image behind the lens array is greatly blurred, resulting in a narrower range of depth that can be expressed. Because the entire display is moved in a small circle with its orientation kept constant, the light that makes up the 3D image from the 3D display also moves in a minute circle with its orientation kept constant, so the foreground image is also the back image. The same blur amount is obtained, and a depth expression range deeper than the conventional method using a diffusion plate can be obtained, and the image quality of a three-dimensional image can be improved.

  One embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.

  Reference numeral 1 denotes a base of the three-dimensional image display apparatus of the present invention, which is fixed with respect to a space for observing a three-dimensional image. There are bearings that support the rotating shaft at the four corners of the base 1.

  These four bearings are provided with a crankshaft 2 of the same size and structure, with a timing belt pulley 3 attached thereto, so that the pulley 3 can rotate at the same speed and phase. Then, one of the crankshafts 2 is rotated by the motor 5.

  Reference numeral 6 denotes a backlight fixed to the back surface of the liquid crystal panel, and a convex lens array 7 is fixed to the surface of the liquid crystal panel.

  Holes are provided at four corners of the liquid crystal panel 6, and the liquid crystal panel 6 is assembled through the crankshaft 2 that is eccentrically attached to the pulley 3.

  According to this embodiment, when the motor 5 is rotated, the liquid crystal panel 6 and the backlight and the convex lens array 7 fixedly rotate with a constant radius without changing their orientation as a whole.

  If the rotation of the motor is accelerated so that the rotational motion of each lens cannot be perceived as a motion by the afterimage of the eye, each lens will feel blurred according to its rotational radius.

  When each lens is stationary, the luminance distribution of the lens is uniform (see FIG. 2), and the mosaic structure looks clear. However, when each lens is rotated, the luminance distribution of the lens shows a non-uniform peak, so the outline between each lens is blurred, and at the same time the blurred lenses appear to overlap and line up. The image between the lenses changes smoothly and the mosaic structure becomes inconspicuous.

  Since it is sufficient for the observer (human) to feel the three-dimensional image more clearly, practically, it is appropriate to set the number of rotations of each lens to the same order as the number of frames of a television or a movie. If the rotation speed is too slow, the mosaic structure will appear as it is without blurring, and if the rotation speed is higher than the speed that human eyes can not follow, the effect will not change even if the rotation speed is increased. There is no. Therefore, when the number of revolutions is set to 16 to 60 per second, the effect of the invention is sufficiently exhibited.

  In addition, since the objective of the present invention is to blur the mosaic structure caused by the convex lens array by rotating the lens, if the lens is rotated more than its lens diameter, the entire three-dimensional display screen is moved and displayed. Will be. If the turning radius is too small, the effect of blur will not be exhibited. Therefore, if the rotation radius of each lens is set within a range of 0.1 to 1 times the lens pitch, a sufficient effect of the invention can be expected.

  Here, the backlight does not have to be integrated with the liquid crystal panel 6 and may be fixed to the base 1.

  Also, although the displayed three-dimensional image is blurred, unlike the conventional diffuser plate method, the amount of blur is constant regardless of the depth of the three-dimensional image, and thus has a feature that the depth expression range hardly deteriorates.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the plurality of crankshafts are rotated at a constant radius without changing their orientation as a whole. However, as in the second embodiment shown in FIG. You may make it vibrate with a 90 degree phase difference.

  If these vibration waveforms having a phase difference of 90 degrees are made sine waves, the movement of the lens array becomes a circular movement or an elliptic movement, a square wave or a square movement is obtained for a rectangular wave, and a rhombus movement is obtained for a triangular wave. In some cases, the blur characteristics can be freely set. Also in the second embodiment, the same effect can be expected if the rotation speed and rotation radius of the convex lens are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the liquid crystal panel, the backlight, and the convex lens array are fixed, and a transparent glass (resin) plate whose both surfaces are parallel is inclined and rotated on the front surface. Since the light rays are displaced in parallel through the inclined transparent glass (resin) plate with both sides parallel, the convex lens array appears to rotate with a constant radius without changing its orientation as a whole. A result similar to that of FIG. 1 is obtained (see FIG. 5). In this case, it is necessary to adjust the inclination and thickness of the transparent glass so that the apparent rotational radius of each lens is 0.1 to 1 times the lens pitch of the actual first embodiment.

  In the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the inclined transparent glass (resin) plate functioning as one prism of the third embodiment is replaced with a prism array.

  As for the shape of the prism array, inclined transparent glass plates are cut in parallel with the same width, and a plurality of inclined transparent glass strips having the same shape and having a parallelogram in section are obtained. A prism array is obtained by shifting each glass strip so that two acute angles of the four corners of the parallelogram of each transparent glass strip are on the same plane (see FIG. 6).

  Since the position of the light beam is shifted in parallel through the prism array, the convex lens array appears to rotate with a constant radius without changing its direction as a whole according to the rotation, and the same result as in FIG. 5 is obtained. It is done. In this case, the inclination and thickness of each transparent glass strip of the prism array may be adjusted in the same manner as in the third embodiment. In the case of FIG. 5, since an inclined glass plate is used, it is necessary to provide a space in the depth direction so that it does not come into contact with the liquid crystal panel or the convex lens array during rotation, and the 3D display device must be enlarged. Absent. In the prism array, since the space provided in the depth direction is small, the entire apparatus can be configured compactly.

  In the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the prism array of the fourth embodiment is divided into two parts in the front and rear, and the apparent rotation radius of the image can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the two front and rear prism arrays. Features are added. The cross-sectional shape of each transparent glass strip constituting the prism array is a trapezoid, and the two divided prism arrays are in a 180-degree rotational symmetry relationship with each other.

  The operation and effect of this configuration are the same as in the fourth embodiment, and the positions of the light beams are shifted in parallel through the prism array, so that the convex lens array as a whole does not change its direction according to the rotation, and has a constant radius. The result looks similar to that shown in FIG.

  In the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the prism array of the fifth embodiment is reversed in the front-rear direction. Like the fifth embodiment, the apparent appearance of the image is adjusted by adjusting the interval between the two front and rear prism arrays. You can adjust the turning radius.

  The operation and effect of this configuration are the same as in the fourth embodiment, and the positions of the light beams are shifted in parallel through the prism array, so that the convex lens array as a whole does not change its direction according to the rotation, and has a constant radius. The result looks similar to that shown in FIG.

  In the third to sixth embodiments, since the rotation axis of the prism array or the like is in the center thereof, the motor is configured to shield the center of the three-dimensional image, or a prism array or the like larger than the three-dimensional display is formed. In the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the outer shape of the prism array is a circle, and is supported by three flanged pulleys. By rotating the motor with the motor, the motor does not shield the three-dimensional image and is miniaturized.

  Here, although expressed as a prism array, it is naturally applicable to an oblique parallel glass (resin) plate as in the third embodiment.

  According to the present invention, by adding a simple mechanism to the conventional three-dimensional display device and rotating each lens, the tertiary image is displayed more clearly, so that in various fields such as entertainment, exhibition, outdoor display, etc. Expected to be used.

1 is a schematic perspective view showing a first embodiment of a three-dimensional display method according to the present invention. The figure explaining the change of the luminance distribution of the lens array of the three-dimensional display device by rotation A schematic plan view showing a second embodiment of the three-dimensional display method according to the present invention. Explanatory drawing of the inclined transparent glass (resin) used for 3rd embodiment of the three-dimensional display method by this invention Explanatory drawing of the apparent rotation of each lens in the three-dimensional display by rotation of the inclined transparent glass (resin) in FIG. Explanatory drawing of the structure of the prism array used for 4th embodiment of the three-dimensional display method by this invention Explanatory drawing of the structure of the prism array used for 5th embodiment of the three-dimensional display method by this invention Explanatory drawing of the structure of the prism array used for 6th embodiment of the three-dimensional display method by this invention Explanatory drawing of the structure which rotates the prism array used for 7th embodiment of the three-dimensional display method by this invention

Explanation of symbols

1 Base 2 Crankshaft 3 Pulley 4 Timing belt 5 Motor 6 (with backlight) Liquid crystal panel 7 Convex lens array

Claims (4)

A three-dimensional image as integral photography or integral videography having a lens array in which a predetermined number of convex lenses are arranged in a vertical and horizontal direction and image display means for displaying a plurality of images corresponding to the convex lenses on the rear surface of each convex lens The lens array and the image display means are integrated, and the direction remains constant in a plane parallel to the image display surface of the image display means, and the rotation speed is 16 to 60 rotations per second. In addition, the rotational radius is approximately circular at a lens pitch of 0.1 to 1 times the convex lens array to make it difficult to see the mosaic structure of the lens array, and the blur in the depth direction is constant regardless of the distance from the convex lens array. A 3D image display method characterized in that the image quality of a 3D image is improved. A three-dimensional image as integral photography or integral videography having a lens array in which a predetermined number of convex lenses are arranged in a vertical and horizontal direction and image display means for displaying a plurality of images corresponding to the convex lenses on the rear surface of each convex lens A transparent material having a refractive index different from that of air is attached to the front surface of the lens array so as not to be perpendicular to the rotation axis but to be attached to the front surface of the lens array. Arranged almost perpendicularly to the image display surface, the number of rotations is 16 to 60 rotations per second, and the apparent rotation radius of the convex lens array in the back is rotated to 0.1 to 1 times the lens pitch of the convex lens array. set the inclination of Oyobi thickness of the material, and difficult to see the mosaic structure of the lens array, one no matter the depth direction of the blur on the distance from the convex lens array Three-dimensional image display method characterized in that the image quality of a three-dimensional image by the. A three-dimensional image as integral photography or integral videography having a lens array in which a predetermined number of convex lenses are arranged in a vertical and horizontal direction and image display means for displaying a plurality of images corresponding to the convex lenses on the rear surface of each convex lens in order to display the device, in front of the lens array, cross-section constitutes a strip of a plurality of identical dimensions of transparent materials having different refractive index with air parallelogram as a prism array, the cross section of the strip of transparent material Are attached so that one side of the parallelogram is parallel to the rotation axis thereof, the rotation axis is arranged substantially perpendicular to the image display surface of the image display means, and the rotation speed is 16 to 60 rotations per second, and the convex lens behind The apparent rotational radius of the array is parallel to the inner axis of the parallelogram of the cross section of the plurality of transparent materials so as to rotate at a lens pitch of 0.1 to 1 times the lens pitch of the convex lens array. Set the length of the plane parallel to the inclination and axial faces towards non line, difficult to see the mosaic structure of the lens array, the constant regardless of the distance in the depth direction of the blur from the convex lens array that A three-dimensional image display method characterized in that the image quality of a three-dimensional image is improved. A three-dimensional image as integral photography or integral videography having a lens array in which a predetermined number of convex lenses are arranged in a vertical and horizontal direction and image display means for displaying a plurality of images corresponding to the convex lenses on the rear surface of each convex lens A transparent material having a trapezoidal cross section with the same shape and a refractive index different from air is formed as a first prism array on the front surface of the lens array, and the first prism array. A second prism array having the same shape as that of the first prism array is arranged parallel to each other so as to be 180-degree rotationally symmetric to form a composite prism array, and a surface substantially parallel to the image display surface of the image display means The rotational speed is 16 to 60 revolutions per second, and the apparent rotational radius of the convex lens array behind is 0. 0 of the lens pitch of the convex lens array. To adjust the spacing of the gradient and the two prism arrays inclined faces of trapezoidal cross-section of the prism array so that to 1 times, and difficult to see the mosaic structure of the lens array, the depth direction of the blur A three-dimensional image display method characterized in that the image quality of a three-dimensional image is improved by making it constant regardless of the distance from the convex lens array .