JP4862235B2 - Blood sugar level rise inhibitor - Google Patents
Blood sugar level rise inhibitor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4862235B2 JP4862235B2 JP2001242416A JP2001242416A JP4862235B2 JP 4862235 B2 JP4862235 B2 JP 4862235B2 JP 2001242416 A JP2001242416 A JP 2001242416A JP 2001242416 A JP2001242416 A JP 2001242416A JP 4862235 B2 JP4862235 B2 JP 4862235B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- peptide
- fish
- blood sugar
- collagen
- sugar level
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はペプチドを有効成分とする血糖値上昇抑制剤に関する。さらに詳しくは、魚鱗および/もしくは魚骨(以下、これらを総称して魚鱗類ということがある)から得られたコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解して得られるペプチドを有効成分とする血糖値上昇抑制剤特に糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、コラーゲン、ケラチン等の蛋白質やホエー蛋白質等を加水分解して得たペプチドは、血圧降下作用が発現されることが知られている。また、抗酸化作用といった生理活性作用も期待されている。血糖値上昇抑制作用を有する成分として、難消化性デキストリンや小麦アルブミンが良く知られている。その他、多くの植物、海藻およびその成分が、血糖値上昇抑制作用等抗糖尿病作用を有することが知られている。
【0003】
特開平1−98445号公報には、魚肉を蛋白分解酵素により分解して得られる、分子量500〜5,000の塩基性ペプチドを含有する経口摂食組成物が開示され、該組成物は糖尿病、高脂血症、肥満等の予防のための健康食品等として用いられることが記載されている。さらに、特開平2−154693号公報には、魚介類を、自己消化処理と蛋白分解酵素処理を同時に行って得られる分子量が500〜6,000の機能性ペプチドおよび該ペプチドを有効成分とする高脂血症の治療および予防の組成物、糖尿病の治療および予防の組成物、血圧降下及び血管拡張の組成物、肥満症、動脈硬化症の治療及び予防の組成物が開示されている。
しかしながら、これらの公報に記載されたものはその血糖値上昇抑制作用の効果が小さいものであり、魚骨や魚鱗由来のペプチドについてはなんら記載されていない。
【0004】
また、特開平5−125100号公報には魚鱗をそのままもしくは脱カルシウム処理したものを酸性水溶液中でペプシン処理してコラーゲンを抽出する方法が開示されている。また、特公昭58−49150号公報には魚鱗を水蒸気雰囲気下に加熱加圧して蒸製した後に粉末化した魚鱗がペプシン消化率の高い事が示されている。
【0005】
酸を用いない脱カルシウム処理としては、特開平5−93000号公報に、魚鱗の脱カルシウム処理をエチレンジアミン四酢酸塩を用いて行い、酸可溶性コラーゲンを抽出する方法が示されている、しかしながら、この方法では、多大の時間と高価な薬品を用いる事から経済上大きな問題がある。
また、これら公報には、魚鱗からコラ−ゲンが得られる事は開示されているが、このコラ−ゲンを加水分解してペプチドを得ることも、得られたペプチドが、高脂血症改善作用や優れた血糖値上昇抑制効果を有することについてもなんら記載されていない。
【0006】
魚鱗類中のコラーゲンはカルシウムアパタイトで取り囲まれているために、該魚鱗類に直接プロテア−ゼ等の蛋白分解酵素を作用させても抽出や加水分解は起こらないか、起こるとしてもその分解率が非常に低く経済性の点で問題である。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者等は、血糖値上昇抑制効果に優れた血糖値上昇抑制剤を得るべく鋭意研究した。その結果、魚鱗類を用いて得られるコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解することによって得られるペプチドを有効成分とすると血糖値上昇抑制効果に優れ、かつ、糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤が得られることを見いだし、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成した。以上の記述から明らかなように、本発明の目的は、魚鱗類を用いて得られるコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解することによって得られるペプチドを有効成分とする血糖値上昇抑制作用に優れ、かつ、糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖上昇抑制剤を提供することである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は以下から構成される。
(1)魚鱗類を脱カルシウム処理して得たコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解して得られるペプチドを有効成分とする血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0009】
(2)ペプチドが、魚鱗類を脱カルシウム処理して得たコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンとして、魚肉、その他の夾雑物の含有量が魚鱗類乾燥物重量当たり1重量%以下の魚鱗類から得られたコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解して得られるペプチドである前記第1項記載の血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0010】
(3)ペプチドが、鰯の魚鱗類を脱カルシウム処理して得たコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解して得られるペプチドである前記第1項もしくは第2項のいずれか1項記載の血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0011】
(4)ペプチドが、真鰯もしくは片口鰯の魚鱗類を脱カルシウム処理して得たコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解して得られるペプチドである前記第1項〜第3項のいずれか1項記載の血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0012】
(5)脱カルシウム処理が酸を用いた脱カルシウム処理である前記第1項〜第4項のいずれか1項記載の血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0013】
(6)酸が塩酸もしくは酢酸である前記第5項記載の血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0014】
(7)加水分解が蛋白分解酵素を用いた加水分解である前記第1項〜第4項のいずれか1項記載の血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0015】
(8)蛋白分解酵素がバチルス(Bacillus)属由来の細菌アルカリ性分解酵素である前記第7項記載の血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0016】
(9)ペプチドが水溶性ペプチドである前記第1項〜第8項のいずれか1項記載の血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0017】
(10)魚鱗類を脱カルシウム処理して得たコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解して得られ、ペプチドを有効成分とする糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0018】
(11)ペプチドが、魚鱗類を脱カルシウム処理して得たコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンとして、魚肉、その他の夾雑物の含有量が魚鱗類乾燥物重量当たり1重量%以下の魚鱗類から得られたコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解して得られるペプチドである前記第10項記載の糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0019】
(12)ペプチドが、鰯の魚鱗類を脱カルシウム処理して得たコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解して得られるペプチドである前記第10項もしくは第11項のいずれか1項記載の糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0020】
(13)ペプチドが、真鰯もしくは片口鰯の魚鱗類を脱カルシウム処理して得たコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解して得られるペプチドである前記第10項〜第12項のいずれか1項記載の糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0021】
(14)ペプチドが、片口鰯の魚鱗を脱カルシウム処理して得たコラーゲンもしくはゼラチンを加水分解して得られるペプチドである前記第10項〜第13項のいれか1項記載の糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0022】
(15)脱カルシウム処理が酸を用いた脱カルシウム処理である前記第10項〜第14項のいずれか1項記載の糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0023】
(16)酸が塩酸もしくは酢酸である前記第15項記載の糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0024】
(17)加水分解が蛋白分解酵素を用いた加水分解である前記第10項〜第14項記載の糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0025】
(18)蛋白分解酵素がバチルス(Bacillus)属由来の細菌アルカリ性分解酵素である前記第17項記載の糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0026】
(19)ペプチドが水溶性ペプチドである前記第10項〜第14項のいずれか1項記載の糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制剤。
【0027】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の魚鱗類を得る魚種としては、特に限定されず、水産加工場の選別ラインよりロータリースクリーン等で現在も回収されている鰯類、秋刀魚や水産加工場にて切り身加工の際にジェット水流にて鱗を剥ぐ真鯛等を例示することができ、この他にも鮭類、ニシン、鯉等の鱗や骨およびその他の魚種の鱗もしくは骨も使用することが可能である。本発明のペプチドを得るための原料である魚鱗類はその鮮度及び純度ができるだけ高いものが好ましい。青魚である秋刀魚や鰯類の水産加工場より回収された鱗中には鮮度が落ちた魚体や魚肉、巻き網漁で混在したシラスや稚魚、鰭、海藻、その他の夾雑物が多く、回収後直ちに、これらの夾雑物を水洗等により除かないと、魚肉の自己消化や鱗表面のヌルにより発生した有臭物質付着や着色が鱗に生じて、かかる原料を用いて製造したペプチドはその品質を損なうことになる。かかる魚肉やシラス、稚魚、鰭、海藻等の夾雑物の含有量としては、できるだけ少ないことが好ましく、魚鱗類乾燥物重量当たり1重量%以下、より好ましくは、0.1重量%以下であることが好ましい。
【0028】
本発明で用いるコラーゲンもしくはゼラチンは、魚鱗類を脱カルシウム処理して得られるコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンである。
【0029】
本発明の魚鱗類の脱カルシウム処理は、特に限定されず、公知の処理方法をそのまま使用することができるが、酸を用いた処理にあっては、カルシウムと反応して塩を生成する酸や蛋白質を変成させる酸は好ましくなく、これら好ましくない酸の例としては、具体的には硫酸、硝酸、クエン酸、酒石酸等を挙げることができる。本発明で好ましい酸の種類は塩酸と酢酸であり、該酸の濃度は処理温度によっても変動するが、一般的に0.1規定〜10規定程度の濃度が好ましい。また、処理温度は脱カルシウム反応が起こる温度であれば特に限定されないが、通常は0〜80℃、好ましくは4〜40℃程度の温度である。処理時間も処理温度により若干変動するがおおよそ15分〜3日程度である。該処理は撹拌下に行うことが好ましい。
【0030】
本発明でコラ−ゲンもしくはゼラチンの加水分解に好ましく用いられる蛋白分解酵素の種類は、食品に使用できるものであり、高分解率で多量製造され比較的安く入手可能で、アミノ酸生成が殆どないものが好ましい。これらの諸条件を満足させる為の分解条件としては、コラーゲンがゼラチン化する40℃以上の温度と分解が容易なpH6.5〜12で使用できる酵素が加水分解率を高くすることができるので好ましい。しかしながら、その他の条件にて使用する蛋白分解酵素や2種以上の分解酵素を混合して使用することもできる。特に、該蛋白分解酵素として、バチルス(Bacillus)属由来の細菌アルカリ性プロテアーゼが好ましい。かかる蛋白分解酵素としては市販品を使用することができ、該市販品としては、例えばノボノルディスクバイオインダストリー(株)製「アルカラーゼ(商標)」、長瀬産業(株)製「ビオプラーゼ(商標)SP−15FG」及び天野製薬(株)製「プロレザー(商標)FG−F」等を挙げることができる。
【0031】
加水分解溶液中のペプチドは混合物であり、分子量は200〜数万に分布している。未加水分解物がある場合には、減圧ろ過等の手段を用いて該未加水分解物を除去する。透明なろ過液を分画分子量2万程度の限外ろ過膜に通して、高分子量のペプチドを除去する。ここで用いることができる限外ろ過膜の材質は、フッ素系ポリマ−、ポリスルフォン、ポリエ−テルスルフォン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリビニリデンフロライド等である。ついで、該限外ろ過膜透過液を逆浸透膜に通してアミノ酸モノマ−等の極低分子量物を透過液とともに除く。濃縮の必要性がある場合には、逆浸透膜に通して濃縮する。ここで用いることのできる逆浸透膜の材質は、酢酸セルロ−ス、ポリアクリロニトリルや複合膜である架橋芳香族ポリアミド系樹脂、架橋ポリピペラジンアミド系樹脂、ポリビニルアルコ−ル系樹脂、ポリエ−テルスルフォン系樹脂、ポリエ−テル系樹脂等である。逆浸透膜濃縮液をさらに必要に応じて活性炭や活性白土を用いて脱色や脱臭を行うこともできる。逆浸透膜濃縮液より粉末を得るには真空凍結乾燥が好ましいが、他の低温乾燥法を用いてもよい。
【0032】
本発明のペプチドは易水溶性であることが血糖値上昇抑制剤として使用する際に好ましい。本発明の血糖値上昇抑制剤は、粉末の形で単離、取得したペプチドを、そのまま、もしくはより好適には適当な無毒性の経口摂取用担体等に添加して適宜の形状、形態からなる組成物として使用される。すなわち、水に溶解して飲料への添加剤の形態での使用や固形食品等の担体に添加する形態で使用してもよく、この他、健康食品への添加剤として他の有用成分と混合したタブレットや粉末としても利用でき、さらには、液状の食品や嗜好品、例えば菓子類、粉末茶、アイスクリ−ム、ヨ−グルト、アルコ−ル飲料、スポ−ツ飲料等への添加剤の形態としてもよい。本発明の血糖値上昇抑制剤中におけるペプチドの含有量は、適宜選択可能であるが、一般には1〜100重量%の範囲である。
【0033】
上述したように、本発明の血糖値上昇抑制剤は、少なくとも新鮮な魚類の持つ芳香が弱いながら感じられる程度か、好ましくは無味、無臭、無色であることが望ましく、糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症の改善作用を有し、血糖値上昇抑制作用を効果的に示すものでなければならない。そして、主として飲料や食品、健康食品等の経口摂取組成物への添加剤として用いられるので、無毒性のものでなければならない。本発明の血糖値上昇抑制剤は生活習慣病と言われるインスリン非依存型糖尿病の予防と改善、肥満症に伴う高脂血症の改善を目的とした食品や健康食品への添加剤としても、飲料やタブレットその他の形態で好適に使用できる。
【0034】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
【0035】
実施例1
(1).ペプチドの製造
水産加工場の選別ラインの末端に取り付けられたロータリースクリーンから排出された片口鰯の鱗を直ちに数回水洗した後、鱗乾物に対して約50倍程度の水に分散させ、目視にて夾雑物を徹底して除去した。網目3mmのプラスチック製ざるに鱗を入れ、該ざるをプラスチック製容器に入れ、50倍量の水を該容器に加える。水中にて鱗をもみ洗いした後、ざるを左右上下にゆすり、ざる目からヌルその他の微小夾雑物を水中へ洗い出した。濁り水を捨て、再度水を張り、この操作を水が濁らなくなるまで約10回程度繰り返し、洗浄した。洗浄した魚鱗を、乾燥物100g当たり、0.6規定塩酸1,500mlの割合の塩酸に投入し、室温下に1昼夜緩攪拌しながら脱カルシウム処理を行った。不溶解分であるコラーゲン成分をろ過して集め、0.3規定塩酸にて2回、水にて1回洗浄した。
【0036】
水1リットル当たり、上記の脱カルシウムしたコラーゲンを63g、プロテアーゼ(天野製薬(株)製プロレザー(商標)FG−F)を0.9gの割合で加え、溶液を苛性ソ−ダにてpHを8.0に調整した。ついで60℃に加温し、溶液のpHを8.0に維持しつつ60分間攪拌混合して加水分解した。
加水分解液をNo.5Aろ紙にて吸引ろ過して、ろ紙に残る物の重量を測定してコラーゲン分解率を計算した。その結果、コラーゲン分解率は99.8重量%以上であった。ついで、得られたコラーゲン分解ろ過液を限外ろ過膜(日東電工(株)製NTU−2120)と逆浸透膜(日東電工(株)製NTR−7250)を通して濃縮した。限外ろ過膜を透過し、逆浸透膜を不透過の区分を集めて、凍結乾燥機で凍結乾燥して片口鰯由来のペプチド粉末を得た。なお、使用したポンプユニット及び膜セルは、日東電工(株)製メンブレンマスターRUM−2小型ポンプユニットとメンブレンマスターC10−T薄層流式平膜テストセルである。なお、逆浸透膜透過液中の窒素量の測定より、アミノ酸を含む成分は全窒素量に対して1重量%前後と極少量であった。また目的成分であるペプチドの収率は70〜90重量%であった。得られたペプチドをゲルパ−ミエ−ションクロマトグラフィ−(GPC)分析して、分子量分布を求めた。その結果、片口鰯鱗由来ペプチドの数平均分子量は880であった。また、比較試料として市販ゼラチン(宮城化学製豚皮ゼラチン)を上記の片口鰯鱗由来コラ−ゲンと同様に酵素分解し、ろ紙ろ過液について限外ろ過膜および逆浸透膜を用いて分離、濃縮し、凍結乾燥して豚皮ゼラチン由来ペプチドを得た。この豚皮ゼラチン由来ペプチドの数平均分子量は1070であった。それぞれの分子量分布曲線を図1および図2に示した。
【0037】
(2).インスリン様作用試験(脂肪動員試験)
使用試薬:bovine serum albumin(BSA,Fr.V)、collagenase(TypeII)、NEFAテストワコー(和光純薬)、ボスミン注(adrenaline、第一製薬)、インスリン(bovine pancreas)ラット副睾丸脂肪組織からの脂肪細胞の調製:Rodbellの方法に準じて行った。すなわち、Wistar系雄性ラット(6週齢、180〜200g)の精巣上体(副睾丸)脂肪細胞を摘出し、重量を測定後、細切し、4重量%BSA、collagenase(3mg/ml)を含むHanks' BalancedSalt Solution(HBSS,pH7.4)2.5ml/g tissueを加え、37℃で1.5時間インキュベートし、組織を消化した後、250μmのナイロンメッシュにてろ過し、遠心分離(25℃,500rpm,30sec)し、脂肪細胞を得た。その脂肪細胞を37℃に保温したcollagenase不含HBSS(4重量%BSAを含む)にて3回遠心洗浄(25℃,500rpm,30sec)し、2.5重量%BSA含有HBSSに400mg tissue/mlとなるように懸濁し、脂肪細胞懸濁液とした。
(2−1).脂肪動員試験:脂肪細胞懸濁液(脂肪組織100mgの相当量)に4重量%BSAを含むHBSS0.25ml、被検体(HBSSに溶解)0.25mlおよびadrenaline(最終濃度:1μg/ml)0.25ml添加し、37℃、2時間インキュベートし、脂肪分解反応液中の遊離脂肪酸(FFA)量をNEFAテストワコーにて測定した。
【0038】
(2−2).被検体の調製:実施例1の(1)で調製した片口鰯由来のコラーゲンペプチド凍結乾燥品と豚皮ゼラチン由来ペプチドの凍結乾燥品を被検体とした。
【0039】
(2−3)結果の統計学的処理:平均値±標準誤差で表し、有意差検定にはBonferroni/Dunnの多重比較検定(Multiplerange test)を用いた。
【0040】
(2−4)結果:表1にラット副睾丸脂肪細胞からのアドレナリンによる脂肪動員の測定結果を示した。脂肪細胞にアドレナリンを添加すると、9.54±0.40μEq/g tissueのFFAが遊離した。そこで各被検体をこの系に共存させると、いずれの被検体にもアドレナリンによる脂肪動員を抑制する作用が認められた。作用強度を200μg/ml添加時で比較すると、各被検体間に大きな差は見られなかったが、50μg/ml添加時の効果で比較すると、片口鰯鱗のペプチド添加群の効果が強いことが分かった。
【0041】
【表1】
ラット副睾丸脂肪細胞からのアドレナリンによる脂肪動員
有意差; 印*=p<0.05,印**=p<0.01vs.対照群
【0042】
(3).STZ誘発糖尿病ラットによる抗糖尿病作用試験
(3−1).使用試薬:streptozotocin(STZ,Sigma)、グルコースCIIテストワコー(和光純薬)
【0043】
(3−2).実験動物:Slc:Wistar系雄性ラット(約200g)を用いた。飼育環境は恒温恒湿、12時間明/12時間暗のサイクルの実験動物飼育室で、市販の固形飼料(日本農産(株)製ラボMRストック)を用い、自由に水を摂取させ、購入後、実験に供するまで1週間予備飼育し、健常なラットを用いた。
【0044】
(3−3).被検体の調製:実施例1の(1)で調製した片口鰯由来のコラーゲンペプチド凍結乾燥品および豚皮ゼラチン由来ペプチドの凍結乾燥品を被検体とした。
【0045】
(3−4).ストレプトゾトシン(STZ)誘発糖尿病モデルラット試験:18時間絶食したSlc:Wistar系雄性ラット(7週齢、170〜190g)にSTZ(pH4.5クエン酸緩衝液に溶解)を50mg/Kgの用量で静脈内投与し、2日後に尾静脈採血し、各群の血糖値の平均値がほぼ同等になる様に再群構成し、被検体の経口投与を開始し、1日1回30日間、連日経口投与した。体重は3日おきに測定した。また、前日より18時間絶食したラットから、投与10日ごとに尾静脈から採血し、血漿分離後、空腹時の血糖値をグルコースCIIテストワコーを用いて測定し、血糖値の変動をを観測した。さらに、最終投与の1時間後に、ペントバルビタール(44.2mg/Kg,i.p.)麻酔下で腹部大動脈から採血し、血漿分離後、血糖値を測定した。また肝臓、膵臓、脾臓、腎臓などの肉眼的所見及び主要臓器の体重比湿重量を測定した。
【0046】
(3−5)結果の統計学的処理:平均値±標準誤差で表し、有意差検定にはBonferroni/Dunnの多重比較検定(Multiplerange test)を用いた。
以 上
【0047】
(3−6)結果:解剖所見においては、正常群に比べ、STZ処置群は内臓が透けて見えるほど腹壁が薄く、皮下および内臓脂肪がほとんど認められない状態であった。盲腸はいずれの群においても肥大しており、小腸は内部が黒く見えるものが多数のラットに認められた。肝臓、腎臓および脾臓は正常群に比べ色が悪く、肝臓は肝硬変化したような白っぽいものが数例認められ、また、脾臓は正常群に比べると萎縮していると観察した。主要臓器の体重比湿重量を表2に示した。STZ処置群は肝臓、腎臓の体重比湿重量が正常群のそれらに比較して増加した。脾臓は萎縮していた。肝臓と腎臓の重量増加は見掛け上であり、実際には体重減少に基づく相対比重量の増加と思われる。しかし、STZ処置群の脾臓は正常群に比べ、体重が減少しているにもかかわらず萎縮していた。このことから肝、腎、代謝系機能異常のみならず、造血系の異常も惹起されているのではないかと推察された。豚皮ゼラチン由来ペプチドと片口鰯鱗由来ペプチドのいずれも肝臓、腎臓、脾臓の肉眼的所見および体重比湿重量には影響を及ぼさなかった。
血糖値の変動は表3に示した。STZ2日後の血糖値は正常群のそれに比して約4倍に上昇し、30日後にはさらに上昇した。片口鰯鱗由来ペプチド500mg/Kg投与群には血糖値の上昇を有意に抑制する作用が認められたが、豚皮ゼラチン由来ペプチドには血糖値上昇抑制作用は認められなかった。
【0048】
【表2】
STZ誘発糖尿ラット試験終了時の肝臓、腎臓および脾臓体重比湿重量
有意差; 印##=p<0.01vs.正常群
【0049】
【表3】
STZ誘発糖尿ラットの血糖値
有意差; 印##=p<0.01vs.正常群, 印*=p<0.05vs.対照群
【0050】
実施例2
(1)ペプチドの製造
真鰯鱗および片口鰯鱗は実施例1の(1)と同様に処理してペプチドを得た。片口鰯肉と骨由来のペプチドの製造は、新鮮な片口鰯を手作業にて頭と内臓を取り除き、次いで三枚におろして背骨と肉を分離する。肉部はカッターナイフにて外皮を剥ぐと共に小骨のある腹部をカットしてから水で洗浄した。背骨部は付着している肉を歯ブラシにて奇麗にこそいで落とし、背骨に付随する神経等を縫針等で丁寧に除去してから水で洗浄後に風乾した。水洗した片口鰯肉は微塵切りにし、2.5倍量のアセトンにて3回繰り返し脱脂した。その後、この肉に水を加えて振とう・ろ過する操作を繰り返し洗浄した。洗浄した肉を風乾物当たり実施例1の倍の酵素量で倍の反応時間にて加水分解した。加水分解液を遠心分離して未分解物を分離した上澄液について、実施例1と同様、膜濃縮・凍結乾燥して片口鰯肉由来のペプチド粉末を得た。風乾した片口鰯骨部は8倍量のアセトンにて3回繰り返し脱脂後、水を加えて振とう・ろ過操作を繰り返し洗浄した。洗浄した骨は実施例1の鱗と同様に脱灰操作を行った。脱灰残分であるコラーゲンは実施例1と同様に操作して、酵素分解・膜濃縮・凍結乾燥して片口鰯骨由来のコラーゲンペプチドを得た。
【0051】
(2)インスリン様作用試験(脂肪動員試験)
試験方法は実施例1と同様に行った。
(2−1)結果
表4に片口鰯の各部位由来ペプチドの効果比較結果を示した。脂肪細胞にアドレナリンを作用させると、9.1±0.8(μEq/g tissue)のFFAが遊離した。そこで各被検体をこの系に共存させると、いずれの被検体にもアドレナリンによる脂肪動員を抑制する作用が認められた。濃度200 (μg/ml)で比較すると活性の高い順に片口鰯骨部>片口鰯肉部>片口鰯鱗部であった。
【0052】
【表4】
ラット副睾丸脂肪細胞からのアドレナリンによる脂肪動員に及ぼす片口鰯各部位由来ペプチド間の効果比較
n=4〜5、有意差; 印**=p<0.01vs. 対照群
【0053】
(3)KK-Ayマウスによる抗糖尿病作用試験
STZ(薬剤)誘発糖尿病モデルはSTZにて膵臓のランゲルハンス島β細胞を特異的に破壊し、インスリン分泌を減少させることにより、高血糖を示すモデルであることからインスリン依存型糖尿病モデルに近いと思われる。現代社会はライフスタイルが欧米化したことや運動不足などから、内臓脂肪の蓄積(肥満)などが原因で誘発されるインスリン非依存型糖尿病患者が急増していると言われている。KKマウスは遺伝研究の目的で維持していた尾曲がりを発現するマウスの中に、高血糖を呈する数個体が発見され、II型糖尿病(インスリン非依存型)モデルとして注目された。
KK-AyマウスはKKマウスに肥満遺伝子Ayが導入され、KKマウスより早期かつ重度に肥満・高血糖を発現するII型糖尿病モデルである。この肥満KK( KK-Ay )での糖尿病変化はヒトの成人型糖尿病に類似している。かかる状況から、最近の抗糖尿病薬の研究開発においては、種々の遺伝的糖尿病モデル動物を用いた研究例が増加している。
【0054】
(3−1)被検体
被検体は片口鰯の鱗、肉、骨由来のペプチドと真鰯の鱗由来のペプチドの4種である。片口鰯の各部位のペプチドは実施例2に記した製造法にて、、真鰯鱗のペプチドについては片口鰯鱗と同様な製造法にて調製した。なお、被検体はマウス体重10gあたり0.1mlの用量で蒸留水に溶解し経口投与した。対照には蒸留水を用いた。
【0055】
(3−2)試薬
試薬にはグルコースCII−テストワコー、グラザイムインスリン−EIAテスト、コレステロールCII−テストワコー、トリグリセライドG−テストワコー、NEFA C−テストワコー(和光純薬工業)を用いた。
【0056】
(3―3)実験動物
Jcl:KK- Ay雄性マウス(4週齢、18〜22g)を日本クレアより購入した。飼育環境は恒温恒湿、12時間明/12時間暗のサイクルの実験動物飼育室で、市販の固形飼料(CE-2、日本クレア)を用い、自由に水を摂取させ、購入後、実験に供するまで約2週間、単独予備飼育し、体重増加を指標に健常な動物を用いた。
【0057】
(3−4)抗糖尿病作用試験
約2週間単独予備飼育したKK- Ay雄性マウスの眼底静脈叢からヘパリン処置キャピラリーにて採血し、遠心分離後、血漿を得、血糖値を測定し、各群の平均血糖値がほぼ同等になるように群構成し、被検体の経口投与を開始した。その後、1日1回、14日間連日経口投与した。血糖値の経時変化として、投与開始7日および14日後に被検体投与1時間後に採血し、血糖値を測定した。また、投与最終日にはペントバルビタール麻酔下で開腹し、内臓の肉眼的解剖所見を行い、その後心臓から採血を行い、血清を分離した。また、採血後に主要臓器を摘出した。その後、体重比臓器湿重量、血清インスリン量、中性脂肪量、総コレステロール量および遊離脂肪酸量を測定した。なお、体重は3日おきに測定した。
【0058】
(3−5)結果の統計学的処理
実験結果は実施例1の(2−3)と同様に処理した。
(3−6)結果
KK- Ayマウスは週齢が増すごとに体重は増加した。体重増加に関して被検体群と対照群に有意な差はなかった。血糖値の変動に及ぼす影響は、表5に示した。対照群は被検体投与の7日および14日後において血糖値は上昇した。経口投与7日後において、片口鰯鱗由来ペプチド500mg/kg投与群に血糖値の上昇を有意に抑制する作用が認められた。片口鰯の肉および骨由来ペプチド投与群においても抑制傾向が認められた。片口鰯鱗と真鰯鱗を比較すると真鰯鱗より片口鰯鱗由来ペプチドにより強い効果が認められた。経口投与14日後においては、いずれの被検体においても抑制傾向にとどまった。
【0059】
【表5】
KK- Ayマウスにおける血糖値の変動に及ぼす鰯類ペプチドの影響
n=9〜10、有意差; 印*=p<0.05vs. 対照群
主要臓器の体重比湿重量に及ぼす影響を検討した。その結果を表6に示した。いずれの被検体も体重比肝臓、脾臓、腎臓湿重量に影響を及ぼさなかった。
【0060】
【表6】
KK- Ayマウスにおける体重比湿重量に及ぼす鰯類ペプチドの影響
n=9〜10
【0061】
各種血清パラメーターに及ぼす影響を検討した。糖尿病罹患時に変動すると言われているインスリン量、総コレステロール量、中性脂肪量につき測定した。その結果は表7に示した。片口鰯の鱗と骨由来のペプチドは中性脂肪量を有意に抑制した。真鰯の鱗にも抑制傾向が認められた。遊離脂肪酸量に対しては片口鰯の肉由来ペプチドに抑制傾向が認められた。血中インスリン量に対してはいずれの被検体も有意な影響を及ぼさなかった。これは、インスリン量は血中グルコース量によって膵臓から分泌されるので、インスリン量が有意に増加しなかったことが被検体のインスリン分泌促進作用を否定する結果とは言えない。
【0062】
【表7】
KK- Ayマウスにおける各種血清パラメターに及ぼす鰯類ペプチドの影響
n=9〜10、 有意差; 印*=p<0.05vs. 対照群
【0063】
【発明の効果】
本発明のペプチドを有効成分とする血糖値上昇抑制剤は、コラーゲンペプチドでありながら、同じくコラーゲンペプチドである豚皮ゼラチン由来のペプチドに血糖値上昇抑制作用が認められないのに比べ、血糖値上昇を抑制する効果が極めて高い血糖値上昇抑制剤であり、かつ、糖尿病に随伴する高脂血症を改善する作用を有する。したがって高脂血症改善作用を有する血糖値上昇抑制用の飲料、食品もしくは健康食品等への添加剤として好適に使用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】片口鰯鱗由来ペプチドの分子量分布曲線
【図2】豚皮ゼラチン由来ペプチドの分子量分布曲線[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a blood sugar level increase inhibitor comprising a peptide as an active ingredient. More specifically, an increase in blood glucose level using as an active ingredient a peptide obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin obtained from fish scales and / or fish bones (hereinafter collectively referred to as fish scales). The present invention relates to an inhibitor, particularly an agent for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level, which has an effect of improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, it has been known that peptides obtained by hydrolyzing proteins such as collagen and keratin, whey proteins and the like exhibit a blood pressure lowering effect. In addition, a physiologically active action such as an antioxidant action is also expected. Indigestible dextrin and wheat albumin are well known as components having an inhibitory effect on blood glucose level. In addition, many plants, seaweeds and their components are known to have anti-diabetic effects such as an inhibitory effect on blood sugar level elevation.
[0003]
JP-A-1-98445 discloses an oral feeding composition containing a basic peptide having a molecular weight of 500 to 5,000, which is obtained by degrading fish meat with a proteolytic enzyme. It is described that it is used as a health food for the prevention of hyperlipidemia, obesity and the like. Further, JP-A-2-154669 discloses a functional peptide having a molecular weight of 500 to 6,000 obtained by simultaneously performing a self-digestion treatment and a proteolytic enzyme treatment for fish and shellfish, and a high active ingredient containing the peptide. Compositions for the treatment and prevention of lipemia, compositions for the treatment and prevention of diabetes, compositions for lowering blood pressure and vasodilatation, compositions for the treatment and prevention of obesity and arteriosclerosis are disclosed.
However, what is described in these publications has a small effect of suppressing the increase in blood glucose level, and there is no description of peptides derived from fish bones or fish scales.
[0004]
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 5-125100 discloses a method for extracting collagen by treating pepsin as it is or after decalcification treatment in an acidic aqueous solution. Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 58-49150 discloses that fish scales heated and pressurized in a steam atmosphere and steamed and then powdered have high pepsin digestibility.
[0005]
As a decalcification treatment without using acid, JP-A-5-93000 discloses a method for decalcification of fish scales using ethylenediaminetetraacetate and extracting acid-soluble collagen. This method has a large economic problem because it uses a lot of time and expensive chemicals.
In addition, these publications disclose that collagen can be obtained from fish scales, but it is also possible to obtain a peptide by hydrolyzing this collagen. There is also no mention of having an excellent inhibitory effect on increase in blood glucose level.
[0006]
Collagen in fish scales is surrounded by calcium apatite. Therefore, when proteolytic enzymes such as protease are directly applied to the fish scales, extraction or hydrolysis does not occur or even if it occurs, the degradation rate is high. It is a problem because it is very low and economical.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The inventors of the present invention have intensively studied to obtain a blood sugar level increase inhibitor excellent in blood sugar level increase suppressing effect. As a result, when the peptide obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin obtained using fish scales is used as an active ingredient, it is excellent in the effect of suppressing the increase in blood glucose level, and is effective in improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes. Based on this finding, the present invention was completed. As is clear from the above description, the object of the present invention is to have an excellent inhibitory action on blood sugar level increase, comprising as an active ingredient a peptide obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin obtained using fish scales, and An object of the present invention is to provide a blood sugar elevation inhibitor having an action for improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention comprises the following.
(1) A blood sugar level increase inhibitor comprising as an active ingredient a peptide obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin obtained by decalcifying fish scales.
[0009]
(2) The peptide was obtained from fish scales having a content of fish meat and other contaminants of 1% by weight or less per dry weight of fish scales as collagen or gelatin obtained by decalcifying fish scales. 2. The blood glucose level elevation inhibitor according to the above item 1, which is a peptide obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin.
[0010]
(3) The blood glucose level according to any one of (1) or (2) above, wherein the peptide is a peptide obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin obtained by decalcifying salmon fish scales. An increase inhibitor.
[0011]
(4) The peptide according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the peptide is a peptide obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin obtained by decalcification treatment of true or single-mouthed fish scales. Antihyperglycemic agent.
[0012]
(5) The blood sugar level increase inhibitor according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein the decalcification treatment is a decalcification treatment using an acid.
[0013]
(6) The blood glucose level elevation inhibitor according to the above item 5, wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid or acetic acid.
[0014]
(7) The blood sugar level increase inhibitor according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein the hydrolysis is hydrolysis using a proteolytic enzyme.
[0015]
(8) The blood glucose level increase inhibitor according to the above item 7, wherein the proteolytic enzyme is a bacterial alkaline degrading enzyme derived from the genus Bacillus.
[0016]
(9) The blood sugar level increase inhibitor according to any one of the above items 1 to 8, wherein the peptide is a water-soluble peptide.
[0017]
(10) A blood sugar level increase inhibitor having an action of improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes, obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin obtained by decalcification treatment of fish scales. .
[0018]
(11) Peptides were obtained from fish scales in which the content of fish meat and other contaminants was 1% by weight or less per dry weight of fish scales as collagen or gelatin obtained by decalcifying fish scales 11. The blood sugar level increase inhibitor having the action of improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes according to the above 10, which is a peptide obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin.
[0019]
(12) The diabetes according to any one of (10) or (11), wherein the peptide is a peptide obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin obtained by decalcification treatment of salmon fish scales. A blood sugar level increase inhibitor having an effect of improving accompanying hyperlipidemia.
[0020]
(13) The peptide according to any one of (10) to (12), wherein the peptide is a peptide obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin obtained by decalcification treatment of true or single-mouthed fish scales. An agent for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level, which has an effect of improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes.
[0021]
(14) The peptide associated with diabetes according to any one of Items 10 to 13, wherein the peptide is a peptide obtained by hydrolyzing collagen or gelatin obtained by decalcification of fish scales of a single-mouthed salmon A blood sugar level increase inhibitor having an action to improve lipemia.
[0022]
(15) The agent for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level having an action for improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes according to any one of the above items 10 to 14, wherein the decalcification treatment is a decalcification treatment using an acid.
[0023]
(16) The agent for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level having an action for improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes according to the above 15, wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid or acetic acid.
[0024]
(17) The blood sugar level increase inhibitor having an action for improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes according to any one of the above items 10 to 14, wherein the hydrolysis is hydrolysis using a proteolytic enzyme.
[0025]
(18) The agent for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level having an action for improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes according to the above 17, wherein the proteolytic enzyme is a bacterial alkaline degrading enzyme derived from the genus Bacillus.
[0026]
(19) The blood sugar level increase inhibitor having an action for improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes according to any one of the above items 10 to 14, wherein the peptide is a water-soluble peptide.
[0027]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The fish species for obtaining the fish scales of the present invention are not particularly limited, and the fish species currently collected on the rotary screen etc. from the sorting line of the fishery processing plant, the sword fish and the jet when processing the fillet at the fishery processing plant Examples of this include a snapper that peels off scales with a water stream, and scales and bones such as moss, herring, and sharks, and scales or bones of other fish species. Fish scales, which are raw materials for obtaining the peptide of the present invention, preferably have as high freshness and purity as possible. The scales collected from the blue sword fish and the fishery processing plant of breams have a lot of fresh fish and fish meat, shirasu and juveniles mixed with fishnet fishing, sea bream, seaweed, and other contaminants. Immediately, if these contaminants are not removed by washing or the like, odorous substances attached or colored due to self-digestion of fish meat or nulls on the scale surface will appear on the scales, and peptides produced using such raw materials will have the quality. You will lose. The content of contaminants such as fish meat, shirasu, fry, sea bream, seaweed, etc. is preferably as small as possible, and is 1% by weight or less, more preferably 0.1% by weight or less, based on the weight of dried fish scales. Is preferred.
[0028]
Collagen or gelatin used in the present invention is collagen or gelatin obtained by decalcifying fish scales.
[0029]
The decalcification treatment of the fish scales of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a known treatment method can be used as it is, but in the treatment using an acid, an acid that reacts with calcium to form a salt or the like Acids that denature proteins are not preferred, and specific examples of these undesirable acids include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid. Preferred acid types in the present invention are hydrochloric acid and acetic acid, and the concentration of the acid varies depending on the treatment temperature, but generally a concentration of about 0.1 N to 10 N is preferable. Further, the treatment temperature is not particularly limited as long as the decalcification reaction occurs, but it is usually 0 to 80 ° C., preferably about 4 to 40 ° C. The treatment time varies slightly depending on the treatment temperature, but is about 15 minutes to 3 days. The treatment is preferably performed with stirring.
[0030]
The types of proteolytic enzymes that are preferably used for the hydrolysis of collagen or gelatin in the present invention are those that can be used in foods, are produced in large quantities with a high degradation rate, are available relatively inexpensively, and have little amino acid production. Is preferred. Degradation conditions for satisfying these various conditions are preferable because an enzyme that can be used at a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher at which collagen is gelatinized and pH 6.5 to 12 that can be easily degraded can increase the hydrolysis rate. . However, a proteolytic enzyme used under other conditions or a mixture of two or more types of degrading enzymes can also be used. In particular, a bacterial alkaline protease derived from the genus Bacillus is preferable as the proteolytic enzyme. Commercially available products can be used as such proteolytic enzymes. Examples of the commercially available products include “Alcalase (trademark)” manufactured by Novo Nordisk Bio Industry Co., Ltd. and “Biolase (trademark) SP” manufactured by Nagase Sangyo Co., Ltd. -15FG "and Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd." Pro Leather (trademark) FG-F ".
[0031]
The peptides in the hydrolysis solution are a mixture, and the molecular weight is distributed in the range of 200 to tens of thousands. When there is an unhydrolyzed product, the unhydrolyzed product is removed using means such as vacuum filtration. The transparent filtrate is passed through an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut off of about 20,000 to remove high molecular weight peptides. The material of the ultrafiltration membrane that can be used here is fluorine-based polymer, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, and the like. Next, the ultrafiltration membrane permeate is passed through a reverse osmosis membrane to remove extremely low molecular weight substances such as amino acid monomers together with the permeate. If there is a need for concentration, it is concentrated through a reverse osmosis membrane. The material of the reverse osmosis membrane that can be used here is cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, a crosslinked aromatic polyamide-based resin that is a composite membrane, a crosslinked polypiperazine amide-based resin, a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, or a polyether sulfone. Resin, polyether resin and the like. The reverse osmosis membrane concentrate can be further decolorized or deodorized using activated carbon or activated clay as necessary. In order to obtain a powder from the reverse osmosis membrane concentrate, vacuum freeze-drying is preferred, but other low-temperature drying methods may be used.
[0032]
The peptide of the present invention is preferably water-soluble when used as a blood glucose level increase inhibitor. The blood glucose level elevation inhibitor of the present invention has an appropriate shape and form by adding the peptide isolated and obtained in the form of powder as it is or more preferably to an appropriate non-toxic ingestion carrier or the like. Used as a composition. That is, beverages dissolved in water Additives to And added to a carrier such as solid food Do It may be used in the form, other health food Additives to It can also be used as a tablet or powder mixed with other useful ingredients, and it can be used as a liquid food or a luxury product such as confectionery, powdered tea, ice cream, yogurt, alcoholic beverage, and sports beverage. etc Additives to It is good also as a form. The content of the peptide in the blood sugar level elevation inhibitor of the present invention can be appropriately selected, but is generally in the range of 1 to 100% by weight.
[0033]
As described above, the blood sugar level increase inhibitor of the present invention should be at least as perceived as having a weak fragrance of fresh fish, preferably tasteless, odorless and colorless, and hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes. It must have an action to improve the symptom and effectively show an action to suppress an increase in blood glucose level. And mainly ingestion compositions such as beverages, foods and health foods Additives to So it must be non-toxic. The blood sugar level increase inhibitor of the present invention is a food or health food for the purpose of preventing and improving non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, a lifestyle-related disease, and hyperlipidemia associated with obesity Additives to However, it can be suitably used in a beverage, tablet or other form.
[0034]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
[0035]
Example 1
(1). Peptide production
After immediately washing the scales of the single-mouthed jar discharged from the rotary screen attached to the end of the sorting line of the fishery processing plant several times, disperse it in about 50 times the water of the scale dry matter, and visually check for impurities. Removed thoroughly. A scale is put into a plastic sieve having a mesh size of 3 mm, the sieve is put into a plastic container, and 50 times the amount of water is added to the container. After scrubbing the scales in the water, the sieve was shaken left and right and up and down, and nulls and other fine contaminants were washed out from the sieve. The turbid water was discarded, the water was refilled, and this operation was repeated about 10 times until the water became turbid and washed. The washed fish scales were put into hydrochloric acid at a ratio of 1,500 ml of 0.6 N hydrochloric acid per 100 g of the dried product, and subjected to decalcification treatment with gentle stirring for one day at room temperature. The insoluble collagen component was collected by filtration and washed twice with 0.3N hydrochloric acid and once with water.
[0036]
63 g of the above-mentioned decalcified collagen and 1 g of protease (Pro Leather (trademark) FG-F, manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) are added at a rate of 0.9 g per liter of water, and the solution is adjusted to pH with caustic soda. Adjusted to 8.0. Then, the mixture was heated to 60 ° C., and hydrolyzed by stirring and mixing for 60 minutes while maintaining the pH of the solution at 8.0.
The hydrolyzate was No. Suction filtration was performed with 5A filter paper, and the weight of the material remaining on the filter paper was measured to calculate the collagen degradation rate. As a result, the collagen degradation rate was 99.8% by weight or more. Subsequently, the obtained collagen decomposition filtrate was concentrated through an ultrafiltration membrane (NTU-2120 manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) and a reverse osmosis membrane (NTR-7250 manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation). The fractions that permeated through the ultrafiltration membrane and impervious to the reverse osmosis membrane were collected and freeze-dried with a freeze dryer to obtain a peptide powder derived from a single-mouthed candy. The pump unit and membrane cell used are a membrane master RUM-2 small pump unit and a membrane master C10-T thin laminar flat membrane test cell manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation. In addition, from the measurement of the amount of nitrogen in the reverse osmosis membrane permeate, the component containing amino acids was a very small amount of about 1% by weight relative to the total amount of nitrogen. Moreover, the yield of the peptide which is a target component was 70 to 90% by weight. The obtained peptide was subjected to gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis to determine the molecular weight distribution. As a result, the number average molecular weight of the single-mouthed soot-derived peptide was 880. In addition, as a comparative sample, commercially available gelatin (pig skin gelatin made by Miyagi Chemical Co., Ltd.) is enzymatically decomposed in the same manner as the above-mentioned collagen derived from one-sided scale, and the filter paper filtrate is separated and concentrated using an ultrafiltration membrane and a reverse osmosis membrane. It was freeze-dried to obtain a pig skin gelatin-derived peptide. The number average molecular weight of this pig skin gelatin-derived peptide was 1070. The respective molecular weight distribution curves are shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
[0037]
(2). Insulin-like action test (fat mobilization test)
Reagents used: bovine serum albumin (BSA, Fr. V), collagenase (Type II), NEFA test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), Bosmin injection (adrenaline, Daiichi Pharmaceutical), insulin (bovine pancreas) from rat epididymal fat tissue Preparation of adipocytes: Performed according to the method of Rodbell. That is, the epididymal (cold testis) fat cells of Wistar male rats (6 weeks old, 180-200 g) were excised, weighed, minced, and 4 wt% BSA, collagenase (3 mg / ml). Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS, pH 7.4) containing 2.5 ml / g tissue was added, incubated at 37 ° C. for 1.5 hours, the tissue was digested, filtered through a 250 μm nylon mesh, and centrifuged (25 (° C., 500 rpm, 30 sec) to obtain fat cells. The adipocytes were washed three times with collagenase-free HBSS (containing 4 wt% BSA) kept at 37 ° C. (25 ° C., 500 rpm, 30 sec), and 400 mg tissue / ml in 2.5 wt% BSA-containing HBSS. To obtain a fat cell suspension.
(2-1). Fat mobilization test: 0.25 ml of HBSS containing 4% by weight of BSA in a fat cell suspension (corresponding to 100 mg of adipose tissue), 0.25 ml of subject (dissolved in HBSS) and adrenaline (final concentration: 1 μg / ml) 25 ml was added and incubated at 37 ° C. for 2 hours, and the amount of free fatty acid (FFA) in the lipolysis reaction solution was measured with NEFA Test Wako.
[0038]
(2-2). Preparation of specimen: The collagen peptide lyophilized product derived from one-mouthed candy and the porcine skin gelatin-derived peptide lyophilized product prepared in (1) of Example 1 were used as specimens.
[0039]
(2-3) Statistical processing of results: Expressed by mean value ± standard error, Bonferroni / Dunn multiple comparison test was used for the significance test.
[0040]
(2-4) Results: Table 1 shows the results of measurement of fat mobilization by adrenaline from rat epididymal fat cells. When adrenaline was added to adipocytes, 9.54 ± 0.40 μEq / g tissue FFA was released. Therefore, when each subject was allowed to coexist in this system, the effect of suppressing fat mobilization by adrenaline was observed in any subject. When the strength of action was compared at the time of addition of 200 μg / ml, no significant difference was observed between the subjects, but when compared at the effect of the addition of 50 μg / ml, it was found that the effect of the peptide addition group of single-mouthed scale was strong. It was.
[0041]
[Table 1]
Fat mobilization by adrenaline from rat epididymal fat cells
Significant difference; sign * = p <0.05, sign ** = p <0.01 vs. control group
[0042]
(3). Anti-diabetic action test with STZ-induced diabetic rats
(3-1). Reagents used: streptozotocin (STZ, Sigma), glucose CII test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries)
[0043]
(3-2). Experimental animals: Slc: Wistar male rats (about 200 g) were used. The breeding environment is a laboratory animal breeding room with a constant temperature and humidity, 12 hours light / 12 hours dark cycle, using commercially available solid feed (Laboratory MR stock manufactured by Nippon Agricultural Products Co., Ltd.), freely ingesting water, after purchase The animals were preliminarily raised for one week until the experiment, and healthy rats were used.
[0044]
(3-3). Preparation of specimen: The collagen peptide lyophilized product derived from the single-mouthed candy and the porcine skin gelatin-derived lyophilized product prepared in (1) of Example 1 were used as the specimen.
[0045]
(3-4). Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic model rat study: Slc: Wistar male rats (7 weeks old, 170-190 g) fasted for 18 hours were intravenously injected with STZ (dissolved in pH 4.5 citrate buffer) at a dose of 50 mg / Kg. 2 days later, blood was collected from the tail vein, regrouped so that the average blood glucose level of each group was almost the same, and oral administration of the subject was started, once a day for 30 days, orally every day Administered. Body weight was measured every 3 days. In addition, blood was collected from the tail vein every 10 days after administration from rats fasted for 18 hours from the previous day, and after blood plasma separation, fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a glucose CII test Wako to observe changes in blood glucose levels. . Furthermore, 1 hour after the final administration, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta under anesthesia with pentobarbital (44.2 mg / Kg, ip), and the blood glucose level was measured after plasma separation. In addition, macroscopic findings such as liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidney and specific body weight / wet weight were measured.
[0046]
(3-5) Statistical processing of results: Expressed by mean value ± standard error, Bonferroni / Dunn multiple comparison test was used for the significance test.
that's all
[0047]
(3-6) Results: In the anatomical findings, the STZ-treated group had a thin abdominal wall so that the internal organs could be seen through, and there was almost no subcutaneous or visceral fat. The cecum was enlarged in all groups, and the small intestine had a black interior that was observed in many rats. The liver, kidney, and spleen were poor in color compared to the normal group, the liver had several whitish liver cirrhosis, and the spleen was observed to be atrophic compared to the normal group. Table 2 shows the specific body weight / humidity weight of major organs. In the STZ-treated group, the specific body weight / heavy weight of the liver and kidney increased as compared with those in the normal group. The spleen was atrophied. The increase in liver and kidney weights is apparent, and may actually be an increase in relative specific weight based on weight loss. However, the spleen of the STZ-treated group was atrophied compared to the normal group, despite the weight loss. From this, it was inferred that not only liver, kidney and metabolic system abnormalities but also hematopoietic abnormalities were caused. Neither pig skin gelatin-derived peptide nor single-mouthed scale-derived peptide had any effect on the liver, kidney, or spleen macroscopic findings and specific body weight.
Changes in blood glucose levels are shown in Table 3. The blood glucose level after 2 days of STZ rose about 4 times compared to that in the normal group, and further increased after 30 days. The effect of significantly suppressing an increase in blood glucose level was observed in the group administered with 500 mg / Kg of the one-sided sores scale peptide, but the effect of suppressing the increase in blood glucose level was not observed with the pig skin gelatin-derived peptide.
[0048]
[Table 2]
Specific wet weight of liver, kidney and spleen at the end of STZ-induced diabetic rat study
Significant difference; ## = P <0.01 vs. normal group
[0049]
[Table 3]
Blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats
Significant difference; ## = P <0.01 vs. normal group, sign * = p <0.05 vs. control group
[0050]
Example 2
(1) Production of peptides
Scarlet scales and one-sided scales were treated in the same manner as in Example 1 (1) to obtain peptides. Manufacture of peptides derived from single-mouthed shark meat and bones involves manually removing the head and internal organs from fresh one-sided shark jars and then lowering them into three pieces to separate the spine and meat. The meat part was peeled with a cutter knife and the abdomen with small bones was cut and then washed with water. The spine was scrubbed with a toothbrush to remove the adhering meat, the nerves attached to the spine were carefully removed with a sewing needle, etc., then washed with water and air-dried. The water-washed one-sided fillet was finely chopped and repeatedly defatted three times with 2.5 times the amount of acetone. Thereafter, the operation of adding water to the meat and shaking and filtering was repeatedly washed. The washed meat was hydrolyzed with twice the enzyme amount as in Example 1 per air-dried product with double reaction time. The supernatant obtained by centrifuging the hydrolyzate and separating the undegraded product was subjected to membrane concentration and lyophilization in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a peptide powder derived from one-sided shark meat. The air-dried one-mouthed rib portion was degreased three times with 8 times the amount of acetone, and then washed with water and repeated shaking and filtration operations. The washed bone was decalcified in the same manner as the scale of Example 1. Collagen as a demineralized residue was operated in the same manner as in Example 1, and enzymatic degradation, membrane concentration, and lyophilization were carried out to obtain a collagen peptide derived from a single-mouthed rib.
[0051]
(2) Insulin-like action test (fat mobilization test)
The test method was the same as in Example 1.
(2-1) Results
Table 4 shows the results of comparing the effects of peptides derived from each site of single-mouthed heel. When adrenaline was allowed to act on adipocytes, 9.1 ± 0.8 (μEq / g tissue) of FFA was released. Therefore, when each subject was allowed to coexist in this system, the effect of suppressing fat mobilization by adrenaline was observed in any subject. When compared at a concentration of 200 (μg / ml), the order of the activity was as follows: one mouth rib part> one mouth rib part> one mouth scale part.
[0052]
[Table 4]
Comparison of effects between peptides derived from each site of single-mouth folds on fat mobilization by adrenaline from rat epididymal fat cells
n = 4-5, significant difference; Mark ** = p <0.01 vs. control group
[0053]
(3) KK-A y Anti-diabetic action test in mice
STZ (drug) -induced diabetes model is a model that shows hyperglycemia by specifically destroying pancreatic islets of β-cells in STZ and decreasing insulin secretion, so it seems to be close to an insulin-dependent diabetes model It is. In modern society, it is said that non-insulin-dependent diabetes patients induced by visceral fat accumulation (obesity) are rapidly increasing due to the Western lifestyle and lack of exercise. Among the mice expressing the tail bend maintained for the purpose of genetic research, several KK mice exhibiting hyperglycemia were found and attracted attention as a type II diabetes (insulin-independent type) model.
KK-A y Mouse is obese gene A to KK mouse y Is a type II diabetes model that expresses obesity and hyperglycemia earlier and more severely than KK mice. This obesity KK (KK-A y ) Diabetic changes are similar to human adult diabetes. Under these circumstances, in recent research and development of anti-diabetic drugs, research examples using various genetic diabetes model animals are increasing.
[0054]
(3-1) Subject
There are four types of specimens: peptides derived from single-mouthed scales, meat, and bones, and peptides derived from true scales. The peptide of each part of the single-mouthed candy was prepared by the production method described in Example 2, and the peptide of true shin scale was prepared by the same production method as that of the single-sided shark scale. The subject was orally administered after dissolving in distilled water at a dose of 0.1 ml per 10 g of mouse body weight. Distilled water was used as a control.
[0055]
(3-2) Reagent
Glucose CII-Test Wako, Grazyme Insulin-EIA Test, Cholesterol CII-Test Wako, Triglyceride G-Test Wako, NEFA C-Test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) were used as reagents.
[0056]
(3-3) Experimental animals
Jcl: KK-A y Male mice (4 weeks old, 18-22 g) were purchased from Clea Japan. The breeding environment is a laboratory animal breeding room with a constant temperature and humidity, 12 hour light / 12 hour dark cycle, using commercially available solid feed (CE-2, Nippon Claire), freely ingesting water, and conducting experiments after purchase. About 2 weeks until the animals were used, they were preliminarily reared and healthy animals were used with weight gain as an index.
[0057]
(3-4) Antidiabetic action test
KK-A preliminarily raised for about 2 weeks y Blood is collected from the fundus venous plexus of male mice with heparin-treated capillaries, centrifuged, plasma is obtained, blood glucose levels are measured, and groups are formed so that the average blood glucose levels of each group are approximately equal. Administration was started. Thereafter, it was orally administered once a day for 14 days. As a change in blood glucose level over time, blood was collected 1 hour after administration of the subject 7 days and 14 days after the start of administration, and the blood glucose level was measured. On the last day of administration, laparotomy was performed under pentobarbital anesthesia, the internal organs were macroscopically dissected, and blood was then collected from the heart to separate the serum. In addition, major organs were removed after blood collection. Thereafter, body weight specific organ wet weight, serum insulin amount, neutral fat amount, total cholesterol amount and free fatty acid amount were measured. The body weight was measured every 3 days.
[0058]
(3-5) Statistical processing of results
The experimental results were processed in the same manner as (2-3) in Example 1.
(3-6) Results
KK-A y Mice gained weight with increasing age. There was no significant difference between subject group and control group regarding weight gain. The effect on blood glucose level fluctuation is shown in Table 5. In the control group, the blood glucose level increased 7 and 14 days after administration of the subject. Seven days after oral administration, an effect of significantly suppressing an increase in blood glucose level was observed in the group administered with one-sided sores derived from 500 mg / kg. A tendency of suppression was also observed in the meat-and-bone-derived peptide administration group of single-mouthed crab. A comparison of single-mouth scales and true scales showed that the single-scale scale-derived peptide had a stronger effect than true scales. On the 14th day after oral administration, all the subjects remained in the suppression tendency.
[0059]
[Table 5]
KK-A y Effects of moss peptides on blood glucose level fluctuation in mice
n = 9-10, significant difference; sign * = p <0.05 vs. control group
We examined the influence of specific organs on specific body weight. The results are shown in Table 6. None of the subjects affected body weight ratio liver, spleen, or kidney wet weight.
[0060]
[Table 6]
KK-A y Effects of moss peptides on specific body weight in mice
n = 9-10
[0061]
The effect on various serum parameters was examined. Insulin amount, total cholesterol amount, and neutral fat amount, which are said to change at the time of diabetes, were measured. The results are shown in Table 7. Peptides derived from scales and bones of single-mouthed moth significantly suppressed the amount of triglycerides. There was a tendency to suppress the scales of red snapper. There was a tendency to suppress the amount of free fatty acids in the meat-derived peptide of single-mouthed shark. None of the subjects had a significant effect on blood insulin levels. This is because the amount of insulin is secreted from the pancreas by the blood glucose level, and it cannot be said that the insulin secretion promoting action of the subject is denied if the amount of insulin was not significantly increased.
[0062]
[Table 7]
KK-A y Effects of moss peptides on various serum parameters in mice
n = 9-10, significant difference; sign * = p <0.05 vs. control group
[0063]
【Effect of the invention】
The blood sugar level increase inhibitor comprising the peptide of the present invention as an active ingredient is a collagen peptide, but the blood sugar level increase action is not observed in the peptide derived from pig skin gelatin, which is also a collagen peptide, as compared with the fact that the blood sugar level increase suppressing action is not observed. Is a blood glucose level increase inhibitor that has a very high effect of suppressing hyperlipidemia, and has the action of improving hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes. Therefore, beverages, foods, health foods, etc. that have an action to improve hyperlipidemia and suppress blood sugar level rise Additives to Can be suitably used.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 Molecular weight distribution curve of a peptide derived from one-sided scales
[Fig. 2] Molecular weight distribution curve of peptides derived from pork skin gelatin
Claims (8)
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| JP4523339B2 (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2010-08-11 | 新田ゼラチン株式会社 | Materials for improving bone toughness |
| CN1332981C (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2007-08-22 | 上海市水产研究所 | Degreasing and deliming process for extracting collagen from fish scale |
| JP2006314240A (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-24 | Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd | Low-calorie sweetener inhibiting rise in blood-sugar level |
| CN100421735C (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2008-10-01 | 烟台正海生物技术有限公司 | Decalcified bone scaffold material and preparation method thereof |
| WO2008066070A1 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2008-06-05 | Uha Mikakuto Co., Ltd. | Dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor |
| JP5199919B2 (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2013-05-15 | 地方独立行政法人北海道立総合研究機構 | Glucose level rise inhibitor comprising star decollagen peptide as active ingredient and method for producing dedecollagen peptide |
| WO2011028618A1 (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-10 | Kameron Jay Carlson | Composition and method for reducing blood glucose levels |
| TWI507203B (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2015-11-11 | Nitta Gelatin Kk | The use of a collagen peptide mixture for the manufacture of a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for diabetes mellitus |
| EP3174548B1 (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2020-07-22 | Firmenich SA | Marine peptides and fish nucleotides, compositions and uses thereof for reducing blood glucose |
| CN113528604A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-22 | 镇江市天益生物科技有限公司 | A kind of fish gelatin hydrolysate with oral hypoglycemic activity and application thereof |
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| JPH0198445A (en) * | 1987-10-12 | 1989-04-17 | Kanebo Ltd | Food composition for oral administration |
| JP2764276B2 (en) * | 1988-09-06 | 1998-06-11 | 仙味エキス株式会社 | Functional novel peptides and their use |
| JP2947484B2 (en) * | 1990-05-08 | 1999-09-13 | 雪印乳業株式会社 | Bone-fortified food, feed or osteoarthritis prophylactic or therapeutic drug |
| JPH05125100A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-05-21 | Nippon Kasei Chem Co Ltd | High-purity pepsin-soluble fish scale collagen and method for producing the same |
| JPH05155900A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-06-22 | Nippon Kasei Chem Co Ltd | High-purity acid-insoluble fish scale collagen and its production |
| JPH0593000A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-04-16 | Nippon Kasei Chem Co Ltd | Method for producing high-purity acid-soluble fish scale collagen |
| JPH11266803A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-10-05 | Yozo Ishizuka | Production of softened product of hard collagen obtained from scale of fish, and its utilization for food |
-
2001
- 2001-08-09 JP JP2001242416A patent/JP4862235B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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