JP4863556B2 - Novel 1-hydroxyyohimbine or derivative thereof having α2 receptor blocking action, production method and use thereof - Google Patents
Novel 1-hydroxyyohimbine or derivative thereof having α2 receptor blocking action, production method and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP4863556B2 JP4863556B2 JP2001058232A JP2001058232A JP4863556B2 JP 4863556 B2 JP4863556 B2 JP 4863556B2 JP 2001058232 A JP2001058232 A JP 2001058232A JP 2001058232 A JP2001058232 A JP 2001058232A JP 4863556 B2 JP4863556 B2 JP 4863556B2
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon atoms
- hydroxyyohimbine
- solvent
- acid
- yohimbine
- Prior art date
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、α2受容体遮断作用を有する新規1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたはその誘導体、その製造方法および用途に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
α2受容体には、神経性α2受容体および非神経性α2受容体とが存在する。神経性α2受容体は、シナプス前性α2受容体とシナプス後性α2受容体に分類され、前者は、特に末梢および中枢ノルアドレナリン作動性神経末端に分布し、ノルアドレナリンの遊離を抑制する。その他、コリン作動性およびセロトニン作動性等の神経末端にも分布し、各種神経伝達物質の遊離を抑制する。後者は、例えば中枢神経系、交感神経節およびノルアドレナリン神経樹状突起等に分布し、それぞれ降圧・除脈作用、過分極作用および神経興奮抑制作用等の生理機能に関与する。一方、非神経性α2受容体は血小板、脂肪細胞、膵臓ランゲルハンス島および血管内皮細胞等に分布し、それぞれ血小板凝集阻害作用、脂質分解抑制作用、インスリン分泌抑制作用およびNO遊離作用等の生理機能に関与している(村松郁延、日本薬剤師会雑誌、48(11)、1987(1996))。
公知のα2受容体遮断薬としてヨヒンビン、ラウオルシン、SL84.0418、ミダグリゾール等が知られている。ヨヒンビンはアカネ科高木Pausinystalia yohimbeの樹皮またはラウオルフィア属植物に含有されるインドール系アルカロイドである。ラウオルシンは、ヨヒンビンのC20のHがα配置をとり、α2受容体に対して高選択性を示す(村松郁延、日本薬剤師会雑誌、48(11)、1990(1996))。また、SL84.0418はラセミ体であり、(+)体であるデリグリドール(SL86.0715)および(−)体であるSL86.0714の混合物であるが、in vivoおよびin vitroでの研究の結果、α2受容体の結合能や種々の生理機能の発現は、(+)体のデリグリドールに由来する。ミダグリゾールはイミダゾリン誘導体であり(E. Guillot et al, ; Life Sciences, 62(9), 840(1998) )、ヨヒンビンよりもα2受容体に対して高選択性を示す(E. Guillot et al, ; Life Sciences, 62(9), 851(1998) )。
ヨヒンビンは催淫剤として使用される薬剤である(今川章夫ら、西日本泌尿器科、49(1)、77(1987))。現在、薬剤、成人病、悪性腫瘍手術および社会環境、精神的ストレス等により勃起不全患者が急増している。しかしながら、その病因が複雑であるためにその治療方法は確立していない(布施秀樹ら、医薬ジャーナル、33(7)、1752(1997))。最近、ホスホジエステラーゼVの選択的阻害剤であるシルデナフィルが開発され、勃起不全(インポテンス)治療剤として注目を集めているが、併用禁忌や併用注意薬剤が多数存在し、使用に際しては十分な注意が必要である。また、シルデナフィルは、勃起不全を改善するのみで、ヨヒンビンが有する性欲を回復または増大させる作用は有していない(ファイザー製薬株式会社、バイアグラ ハンドブック)。
SL84.0418、特にデリグリドールは、インスリン非依存性糖尿病の治療薬として期待されている(E. Guillot et al, ; Life Sciences, 62(9), 839(1998))。糖尿病は、I型糖尿病であるインスリン依存性(IDDM)とII型糖尿病であるインスリン非依存性(NIDDM)とに分類される。IDDMは、自己免疫機序により膵臓ランゲルハンス島の細胞障害の末、膵臓β細胞の破壊が亢進することからインスリンの絶対的不足を引き起こす病態である。一方、NIDDMは、遺伝因子の関与が深く、肥満、過食、加齢および運動不足などの環境因子の加わりをもって発症し、インスリン分泌不全やインスリン抵抗性によるインスリンの相対的不足を起こしてしまう病態である。デリグリドールは、インスリン分泌を促進させる作用を有するので、インスリンが絶対的に不足しているIDDMでは無効となるが、少量でもインスリン分泌能力のあるNIDDMの治療薬となる可能性がある。
また、デリグリドールおよびSL86.0714は、ATP依存性K+チャネル開口薬であるジアゾキサイドのインスリン分泌阻害作用を逆転させるだけではなく、インスリン分泌を刺激することにおいて同等の効能があることが明らかとなっている。ゆえに、これらの化合物はα2受容体遮断作用以外に、ATP依存性K+チャネルを直接的または間接的に閉口させる作用を有している可能性がある(E. Guillot et al, ; Life Sciences, 62(9), 850(1998) )。さらに、ミダグリゾールはインスリン非依存性糖尿病および喘息に対し有効であるという結果が得られている(溝部政史、アレルギー、39(1)、36-41(1990), 吉江康正ら、治療学、22(5)、551-554(1989))。その他、α2受容体遮断薬は血小板凝集阻害作用を有するという報告も多数されている(竹田晴生ら、持田記念財団研究成果報告集、6、139-143(1990))。
【0003】
上記のように、α2受容体遮断作用を有する薬剤は、催淫薬、糖尿病薬、抗喘息薬および血小板凝集阻害薬など、多くの用途に使用できる可能性がある。また、α2受容体は多くの組織・細胞に発現しているため、該組織・細胞が関与する病態に対し利用できる可能性が大である。
しかしながら、上記のように、ヨヒンビンのC20のHがα配置をとるラウオルシンは、α2受容体に対して高選択性を示すが、C16のカルボメトキシ基をβ配置にすると、α2受容体に対しての親和性は著しく低下し、α1結合性のみが保持されることが知られている。すなわち、ヨヒンビンに極めて構造的に類似する化合物であるにも拘わらず、α配置またはβ配置等の些細な差異によりα2受容体に対する選択性が大きく異なるのである。また、(+)体であるデリグリドール(SL86.0715)はα2受容体に対し結合し種々の生理機能を発現するが、(−)体であるSL86.0714は殆どα2受容体遮断作用を有しないことが明らかとなっている。
ゆえに、α2受容体遮断作用を有する化合物は臨床的に用途が開けているにも拘わらず、その構造特異性の問題からα2受容体遮断作用を有する化合物の探索は困難を極めていた。
なお、ヨヒンビン誘導体の製造方法については、添付の図1に示す反応にしたがって、ヨヒンビン(図1の1)をシアン化ホウ素ナトリウムで還元すると、2β,7β−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の2)と2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)とがそれぞれ生成することは知られている(J. L. Men, L. L. Oliver, J. Levy, M. C. Levy-Appert-Colin,およびJ. Hannart, Ger. Offen. 2,410,651[Chem. Abstr., 82, 43640u (1975)])。また、ジヒドロインドールをタングステン酸ナトリウム二水和物と30%過酸化水素水溶液を用いて1−ヒドロキシインドールを合成する反応も公知である(M. Somei およびT. Kawasaki, Heterocycles, 29, 1251 (1989))。さらに、ヨヒンビン(図1の1)から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)を経て、一段階で1−メトキシヨヒンビン(図1の8)を合成する方法も公知である(H. Takayama, N. Seki, M. Kitajima, N. Aimi, H. Seki, および S. Sakai, Heterocycles, 33, 121 (1992))。ただし、化合物(8)の薬理活性について記載した文献は見当たらない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、α2受容体遮断作用を有する化合物、特にヨヒンビン誘導体を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、α2受容体遮断作用を有するヨヒンビン誘導体を種々合成し、鋭意検討を行ったところ、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたはその誘導体がα2受容体遮断薬として有用であることが判明した。また、本発明者らは、該誘導体の新規合成方法も確立した。
さらに詳しくは、本発明者らは、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩を還元することにより、2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)のみが定量的に生成することを見出した。また、本発明者らにより初めて1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(図1の4)を単離することができた。1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(図1の4)は、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンを出発物質とする各種誘導体の新規化合物の合成に有用である。さらに、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたはその誘導体はα2受容体遮断作用を有することが判明した。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は、
(1)式(A):
【化4】
〔式中、Rは、水素、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜10のアルキル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3〜10のシクロアルキル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜10のアルケニル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3〜10のシクロアルケニル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜10のアルキニル、置換基を有していてもよいアシル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6〜20のアリール基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基または5〜7員の複素環基を示す〕で表される化合物またはその塩、
(2)Rが、水素、各々、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜6のアルキル、炭素数2〜6のアルケニルまたは炭素数7〜10のアラルキルである上記(1)記載の化合物、
(3)Rが、水素、アリル基、ブチル基およびニトロベンジルから選択される上記(1)記載の化合物、
(4)ヨヒンビン塩酸塩を還元剤にて還元することを特徴とする2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビンの製造方法、
(5)還元剤がシアン化ホウ素ナトリウムまたはトリエチルシランである上記(4)記載の製造方法、
(6)2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビンを酸化剤にて酸化することを特徴とする1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンの製造方法、
(7)酸化剤が金属過酸化物、有機過酸化物、過硫酸または過酸である上記(6)記載の製造方法。
(8)2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビンが、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩を還元剤にて還元して得られるものである上記(6)記載の製造方法、
(9)1‐ヒドロキシヨヒンビンと式R’−X〔式中、R’は下記式(A’)におけると同意義、Xはハロゲンを示す〕で表される化合物とを反応させることを特徴とする式(A’):
【化5】
〔式中、R’は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜10のアルキル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3〜10のシクロアルキル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜10のアルケニル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3〜10のシクロアルケニル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜10のアルキニル、置換基を有していてもよいアシル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6〜20のアリール基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基または5〜7員の複素環基を示す〕で表される化合物またはその塩の製造方法、
(10)R’が、各々、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜6のアルキル、炭素数2〜6のアルケニルまたは炭素数7〜10のアラルキルである上記(9)記載の製造方法、
(11)R’−Xが、アリルブロミド、ヨウ化ブチルまたはニトロベンジルブロミドである上記(9)記載の製造方法、
(12)1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンが、2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビンを酸化剤にて酸化して得られるのもである上記(9)記載の製造方法、
(13)2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビンが、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩を還元剤にて還元して得られるものである上記(12)記載の製造方法、
(14)1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンを、少なくとも下記工程、1)メタノールに溶解、2)ジアゾメタンのエーテル溶液を添加、3)溶媒除去、4)溶出溶媒に溶解および5)精製に付すことを特徴とする1―メトキシヨヒンビンの製造方法、
(15)式(A"):
【化6】
〔式中、R”は、水素、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1〜10のアルキル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3〜10のシクロアルキル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜10のアルケニル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3〜10のシクロアルケニル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜10のアルキニル、置換基を有していてもよいアシル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6〜20のアリール基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基または5〜7員の複素環基を示す〕で表される化合物またはその製剤学的に許容される塩を含有することを特徴とするα2受容体遮断用医薬組成物、
(16)R”が、水素、各々、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜6のアルキル、炭素数2〜6のアルケニルまたは炭素数7〜10のアラルキルである上記(15)記載の医薬組成物、および
(17)R”が、水素、アリル基、ブチル基およびニトロベンジルから選択される上記(15)記載の医薬組成物を提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本明細書における「誘導体」とは、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンの誘導体である。すなわち、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(図1、4)の1位の窒素原子に結合する水酸基の水素原子が、他の置換基(R’)により置換された上記式(A’)であらわされる化合物またはその塩をいう。式(A’)で表される化合物は式(A)で表される化合物から1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンを除いたもので、式(A)および(A’)で表される化合物およびその塩はいずれも新規物質である。
本発明の式(A)および(A’)で表される化合物において、水素以外のRおよびR’で示される基としては、可能な全ての置換基が包含される。例えば、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖または分枝鎖の炭素数2〜10、好ましくは2〜6のアルキル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3〜10、好ましくは5〜7のシクロアルキル、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖または分枝鎖の炭素数2〜10、好ましくは2〜6のアルケニル、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3〜10のシクロアルケニル、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖または分枝鎖の炭素数2〜10、好ましくは2〜6のアルキニル、置換基を有していてもよいアシル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6〜20、好ましくは6〜10のアリール基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数7〜20、好ましくは7〜10のアラルキル基または窒素原子、酸素原子および硫黄原子から選ばれるヘテロ原子を1つ以上含有する5〜7員の複素環基が含まれる。
【0008】
アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、n―プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、イソブチル、tert―ブチル、sec―ブチル、n―ペンチル等の基が挙げられる。
シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロプロパン、シクロブタン、シクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン、シクロヘプタン等が挙げられる。
アルケニル基としては、ビニル、アリル、ペンテニル、ヘキセニル等の基が挙げられる。
シクロアルケニル基としては、シクロペンテニル、シクロヘキセニル等が挙げられる。
アルキニル基としては、例えば、エチニル、プロピニル等の基が挙げられる。
アシル基としては、例えば、アセチル、プロピオニル、ブチリル、イソブチリル、バレリル、ヘキサノイル、オクタノイル、ラウロイル、パルミトイル基、ステアロイル等の直鎖状または分枝状のアルキル基を有するアルキルカルボニル基が挙げられる。
アリール基としては、例えば、フェニル、ナフチル等が挙げられる。
アラルキル基としては、ベンジル、フェネチル等が挙げられる。
複素環基としては、チエニル、フリル、ピラニル、ピロリル、ピラゾリル、チアゾリル、イソチアゾリル、イソキサゾリル、イミダゾリル、ピリジル、ピリジニル、ピリミジニル、ピリダジニル、オキサジアゾリル、チアジアゾリル、トリアゾリル、テトラゾリル等の基が挙げられる。
これらの基は1つ以上の置換基を有していてもよく、これらの置換基には、RおよびR’について例示したと同様な基の他、ハロゲン(例、塩素、フッ素、ヨウ素、臭素)、アミノ、ニトロ、ヒドロキシ、炭素数1〜10のアルコキシ等の基が包含される。
特に、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンに加え、RおよびR’が、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2〜6のアルキル、炭素数2〜6のアルケニルまたは炭素数6〜10のアリール、とりわけ、アリル、n−ブチルおよびニトロベンジルであるものが好ましい。
【0009】
式(A)および(A’)で表される化合物の塩としては、製剤学的に許容される塩が好ましく、例えば、無機塩基、有機塩基等の塩基との塩、無機酸、有機酸、塩基性または酸性アミノ酸などの酸付加塩等が挙げられる。無機塩基としては、例えば、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属、カルシウム、マグネシウム等のアルカリ土類金属、アルミニウム、アンモニウム等が挙げられる。有機塩基としては、例えば、エタノールアミン等の第一級アミン、ジエチルアミン、ジエタノールアミン、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、N,N'-ジベンジルエチレンジアミン等の第二級アミン、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ピリジン、ピコリン、トリエタノールアミン等の第三級アミン等が挙げられる。無機酸としては、例えば、塩酸、臭化水素酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸等が挙げられる。有機酸としては、例えば、ギ酸、酢酸、乳酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、フマール酸、シュウ酸、酒石酸、マレイン酸、安息香酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸、メタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸等が挙げられる。塩基性アミノ酸としては、例えば、アルギニン、リジン、オルニチン等が挙げられる。酸性アミノ酸としては、例えば、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸等が挙げられる。
【0010】
本発明の製造方法に従って、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)を製造するには、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩を還元剤で還元する。一般に、1)ヨヒンビン塩酸塩を溶媒に溶解、2)該溶解液に還元剤を添加、3)溶媒除去、4)アルカリ条件下、抽出溶媒にて抽出、5)抽出液を洗浄後、乾燥、溶媒除去、6)溶出溶媒に溶解および7)精製の工程を経て、目的とする化合物(3)が得られる。
ヨヒンビン塩酸塩を溶解する溶媒としては、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩を溶解することができ、次に起きる反応を妨げなければ特に限定されない。例えば、トリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)、酢酸、クロル酢酸および希硫酸等が含まれる。適当な溶媒に溶解した後は、低温下、好ましくは氷冷撹拌下にて還元剤を添加する。還元剤は当業者により適宜選択することができるが、シアン化ホウ素ナトリウムおよびトリエチルシラン等が好ましい。次に、溶媒を除去する前に室温下にて攪拌するのが好ましい。溶媒を除去する方法としては、減圧下または常圧下に留去することができる。使用できるアルカリ化剤としては、次に起きる反応を妨げなければ特に限定されないが、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウムおよびアミン(例えば、トリエチルアミン等)類を使用することができる。抽出には、クロロホルム以外に、塩化メチレンおよび酢酸エチルエステル等が使用できる。次に、抽出液を洗浄するには、飽和食塩水および水等が使用でき、その後、無水硫酸ナトリウム、無水硫酸マグネシウムおよび無水硫酸カルシウム等の公知の乾燥剤を使用することができ、公知の除去方法により溶媒を除去することができる。溶出溶媒としては、クロロホルム−メタノール−アンモニア水、好ましくはクロロホルム−メタノール−(好ましくは、20〜40%)アンモニア水(好ましくは、40〜50:1〜5:0.1〜0.5、v/v)の混合溶媒を使用することができる。その他、クロロホルム−メタノール、クロロホルム−メタノール−各種アミン類、クロロホルム−イソプロパノール、クロロホルム−イソプロパノール−各種アミン類等の溶出溶媒を使用することもできる。精製方法としては、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーの他、アルミナカラムクロマトグラフィー、薄層シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーおよび薄層アルミナクロマトグラフィー等が使用できる。
好ましくは、1)ヨヒンビン塩酸塩をトリフルオロ酢酸に溶解、2)該溶解液にシアン化ホウ素ナトリウムを添加、3)溶媒を減圧下にて除去、4)水酸化ナトリウムにてアルカリ性にし、クロロホルムにて抽出、5)抽出液を飽和食塩水にて洗浄後、無水硫酸ナトリウムにて乾燥し、溶媒を除去、6)クロロホルム−メタノール−アンモニア水からなる溶出溶媒に溶解、7)シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製の工程を経て化合物(3)を得る。
上記した各種具体例は、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)を製造する際のみに限定されなく、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から式(A)で表される1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンおよびその誘導体を製造する際にも応用できる。
【0011】
ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)を得、これを酸化することにより、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(図1の4)が製造できる。ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から出発して1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンを得るには、一般に、1)ヨヒンビン塩酸塩を溶媒に溶解、2)該溶解液に還元剤を添加、3)溶媒除去、4)アルカリ条件下、抽出溶媒にて抽出、5)抽出液を洗浄後、乾燥、溶媒除去、6)溶媒に溶解、7)酸化剤を添加、8)抽出溶媒にて抽出、9)抽出液を洗浄後、乾燥、溶媒除去、10)溶出溶媒に溶解および11)精製の工程を経て、目的とする化合物(4)が得られる。
工程6)で化合物(3)の溶解に使用される溶媒としては、メタノールの他、メタノール−水混合溶媒、酢酸エチルエステルおよびエーテル等が使用できる。次に、酸化剤としては、金属過酸化物、有機過酸化物、過硫酸または過酸等を挙げることができる。金属過酸化物は金属酸化物の塩と過酸化物との反応により生じさせることができる。また、金属酸化物の塩としては、例えば、タングステン酸、モリブデン酸およびバナジウム酸等の塩を挙げることができ、過酸化物としては過酸化水素水および尿素過酸化水素付加物等を挙げることができる。特に尿素過酸化水素付加物は結晶で使用可能である。有機過酸化物としてはメタクロロ化安息香酸等を挙げることができる。これらの中で最も好ましいのは、タングステン酸塩と過酸化水素水の組み合わせである。次に、抽出には、クロロホルム−メタノール(好ましくは、80〜98:2〜20、v/v)の他、クロロホルム、塩化メチレンおよび酢酸エチルエステル等、公知の方法で抽出することができる。
好ましくは、1)ヨヒンビン塩酸塩をトリフルオロ酢酸に溶解、2)該溶解液に低温撹拌下にてシアン化ホウ素ナトリウムを添加、3)室温下にて撹拌後、溶媒を減圧下にて除去、4)水酸化ナトリウムにてアルカリ性にし、クロロホルムにて抽出、5)抽出液を飽和食塩水にて洗浄後、無水硫酸ナトリウムにて乾燥し、溶媒を除去、6)メタノールに溶解、7)金属過酸化物および/またはその塩を添加、8)クロロホルム−メタノールからなる溶媒にて抽出、9)抽出液を飽和食塩水にて洗浄後、無水硫酸ナトリウムにて乾燥し、溶媒を除去、10)クロロホルム−メタノール−アンモニア水からなる溶出溶媒に溶解、および11)シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製を経て目的の化合物を得る。
上記した各種具体例は、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)を経て1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンを製造する際のみに限定されなく、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩または2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)から式(A)で表される1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン誘導体を製造する際にも応用できる。
【0012】
本発明の製造方法に従い、式(A’)で表される化合物またはその塩を製造するには、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンと式R’−X〔式中、R’は上記と同意義、Xはフッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素のようなハロゲンを示す〕で表される化合物とを反応させる。
例えば、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(図1の4)を経て、本発明の1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン誘導体の1つである1−アリルオキシヨヒンビン(図1の5)を製造するには、一般に、1)溶媒に溶解、2)無水炭酸塩およびアリルブロミドを添加、3)抽出溶媒にて抽出、4)抽出液を洗浄後、乾燥、溶媒除去、5)溶出溶媒に溶解、および6)精製の工程を経る。
1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンを溶解する溶媒としては、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドの他、メタノール、クロロホルム、塩化メチレン、ベンゼン、テトラヒドロフランおよびエーテル等も使用できる。無水炭酸塩またはアリルブロミドの他、当業者らは適宜金属アルコキシド(例えば、ナトリウムメトキシド、ポタシウムターシャアリイブトキシド等)類、水酸化物(水酸化ナトリウム等)およびアミン(トリエチルアミン等)類に変えることができる。
上記した各種具体例は、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンを経て1−アリルオキシヨヒンビンを製造する際のみに限定されなく、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩からその他の1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン誘導体を製造する際にも応用できる。
ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(図1の4)を経て、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン誘導体の1つである1−n−ブチルオキシヨヒンビン(図1の6)を製造するには、一般に、1)溶媒に溶解、2)無水炭酸塩を添加、3)ヨウ化n―ブチルを溶媒に溶解した溶液を添加、4)抽出溶媒にて抽出、5)抽出液を洗浄後、乾燥、溶媒除去、6)溶出溶媒に溶解、および7)精製の工程を経る。
ヨウ化n−ブチルの溶媒としては、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドの他、メタノール、クロロホルム、酢酸エチルエステルおよびベンゼン等が使用できる。また、酢酸エチルエステル、クロロホルム、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム−メタノール混合溶媒等を用いて抽出することができる。上記述べた各種具体例は、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンを経て1−n−ブチルオキシヨヒンビンを製造する際のみに限定されなく、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩からその他の1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン誘導体を製造する際にも応用できる。
さらに、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(図1の4)を経て、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン誘導体の1つである1−p−ニトロベンジルオキシヨヒンビン(図1の7)を製造するには、一般に、1)溶媒に溶解、2)無水炭酸塩を添加、3)p―ニトロベンジルブロミドを溶媒に溶解した溶液を添加、4)抽出溶媒にて抽出、5)抽出液を洗浄後、乾燥、溶媒除去、6)溶出溶媒に溶解および7)精製の工程を経る。
ニトロベンジルブロミドの溶媒としては、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドの他、メタノール、クロロホルム、酢酸エチルエステル、ベンゼン、エーテル、テトラヒドロフランおよびこれらの混合溶媒等が使用できる。上記述べた各種具体例は、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンを経て1−p−ニトロベンジルオキシヨヒンビンを製造する際のみに限定されなく、ヨヒンビン塩酸塩からその他の1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン誘導体を製造する際にも応用できる。
2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンおよびその誘導体を製造する工程において、当業者は適宜、反応時間、反応温度、試薬の混合割合等を変更することができる。また、用いる2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)としては、上記したヨヒンビン塩酸塩の還元によって製造されたものに限らず、他の方法によって得られたものでもよい。
【0013】
本発明には、図1の8で表される1−メトキシヨヒンビンの製造方法も含まれる。この方法には、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンを、1)メタノールに溶解し、2)ジアゾメタンのエーテル溶液を添加し、3)溶媒を除去し、4)溶出溶媒に溶解し、ついで7)精製する工程が含まれる。
ヨヒンビン塩酸塩から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(図1の3)、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(図1の4)を経て、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン誘導体の1つである1−メトキシヨヒンビン(図1の8)を製造する工程において、当業者は上記したような公知の技術を用いて変更することができる。
【0014】
本発明による医薬組成物は、上記式(A”)で表される化合物または製剤学的に許容されるその塩を有効成分として含有する。式(A”)におけるR”としては、式(A’)におけるR’と同様な基に、メチルが加えられている。すなわち、式(A”)で表される化合物は式(A)で表される化合物に、さらに図1の8の化合物を加えた1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたは、化合物(8)を含むその誘導体または上記したと同様なこれらの製剤学的に許容される塩(以下、単に1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたはその誘導体という)である。本発明の医薬組成物はα2受容体遮断作用を有し、特に、催淫薬、糖尿病薬、抗喘息薬および抗血液凝固薬等として有用である。また、糖尿病や喘息等の予防剤または治療剤として用いる場合、本発明の1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたはその誘導体を、そのままあるいは水に希釈する等の各種処理を施して使用することができ、医薬品、医薬部外品等に配合して使用することができる。この場合の配合量は病態や製品に応じて適宜選択されるが、通常全身投与製剤の場合には、0.001〜50重量%、特に0.01〜10重量%とすることができる。0.001重量%より少ないと満足する予防または治療作用が認められない可能性があり、また、5重量%を越えると製品そのものの安定性や香味等の特性が損なわれる可能性があるので好ましくない。
本発明の医薬組成物の投与方法として、経口投与、静脈内投与以外に、経粘膜投与、経皮投与、筋肉内投与、皮下投与、直腸内投与等が適宜選択でき、その投与方法に応じて、公知の製剤技術に従って、種々の製剤とすることができる。以下に、各製剤について記載するが、本発明において用いられる剤型はこれらに限定されるものではなく、医薬製剤分野において通常用いられる各種製剤として用いることができる。
【0015】
全身投与製剤の場合、α2受容体が関与する病態に対する予防薬または治療薬として用いる場合には、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたはその誘導体(遊離の化合物として)の経口投与量は、3mg/kg〜300mg/kgの範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは10mg/kg〜100mg/kgである。全身投与を行う場合、特に静脈内投与の場合には老若男女または体型等により変動があるが、有効血中濃度が2μg/mL〜200μg/mL、より好ましくは5μg/mL〜100μg/mLの範囲である。
経口投与を行う場合の剤型として、散剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、丸剤、錠剤、エリキシル剤、懸濁剤、乳剤およびシロップ剤等があり、適宜選択することができる。また、それら製剤について徐放化、安定化、易崩壊化、難崩壊化、腸溶性化、易吸収化等の修飾を施すことができる。また、口腔内局所投与を行う場合の剤型として、咀嚼剤、舌下剤、バッカル剤、トローチ剤、軟膏剤、貼布剤、液剤等があり、適宜選択することができる。また、それら製剤について徐放化、安定化、易崩壊化、難崩壊化、腸溶性化、易吸収化等の修飾を施すことができる。
【0016】
上記の各剤型について、公知のドラッグデリバリーシステム(DDS)の技術を採用することができる。本明細書に言うDDS製剤とは、徐放化製剤、局所適用製剤(トローチ、バッカル錠、舌下錠等)、薬物放出制御製剤、腸溶性製剤および胃溶性製剤等、投与経路、バイオアベイラビリティー、副作用等を勘案した上で、最適の製剤形態にした製剤を言う。
DDSの構成要素には基本的に薬物、薬物放出モジュール、覆い(封入体)および治療プログラムから成り、各々の構成要素について、特に放出を停止させた時に速やかに血中濃度が低下する半減期の短い薬物が好ましく、投与部位の生体組織と反応しない覆い(封入体)が好ましく、さらに、設定された期間において最良の薬物濃度を維持する治療プログラムを有するのが好ましい。薬物放出モジュールは基本的に薬物貯蔵庫、放出制御部、エネルギー源および放出孔または放出表面を有している。これら基本的構成要素は全て揃っている必要はなく、適宜追加あるいは削除等を行い、最良の形態を選択することができる。
DDSに使用できる材料としては、高分子、シクロデキストリン誘導体、レシチン等がある。高分子には不溶性高分子(シリコーン、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン・ビニルアルコール共重合体、エチルセルロース、セルロースアセテート等)、水溶性高分子およびヒドロキシルゲル形成高分子(ポリアクリルアミド、ポリヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート架橋体、ポリアクリル架橋体、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、水溶性セルロース誘導体、架橋ポロキサマー、キチン、キトサン等)、徐溶解性高分子(エチルセルロース、メチルビニルエーテル・無水マレイン酸共重合体の部分エステル等)、胃溶性高分子(ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、カルメロースナトリウム、マクロゴール、ポリビニルピロリドン、メタアクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル・メタアクリル酸メチルコポリマー等)、腸溶性高分子(ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート、酢酸フタルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースアセテートサクシネート、カルボキシメチルエチルセルロース、アクリル酸系ポリマー等)、生分解性高分子(熱凝固または架橋アルブミン、架橋ゼラチン、コラーゲン、フィブリン、ポリシアノアクリレート、ポリグリコール酸、ポリ乳酸、ポリβヒドロキシ酢酸、ポリカプロラクトン等)があり、剤型によって適宜選択することができる。
特に、シリコーン、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体、メチルビニルエーテル・無水マレイン酸共重合体の部分エステルは薬物の放出制御に使用でき、セルロースアセテートは浸透圧ポンプの材料として使用でき、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、メチルセルロースは徐放性製剤の膜素材として使用でき、ポリアクリル架橋体は口腔粘膜あるいは眼粘膜付着剤として使用できる。
【0017】
また、製剤中にはその剤形(経口投与剤、注射剤、座剤等の公知の剤形)に応じて、溶剤、賦形剤、コーティング剤、基剤、結合剤、滑沢剤、崩壊剤、溶解補助剤、懸濁化剤、粘稠剤、乳化剤、安定剤、緩衝剤、等張化剤、無痛化剤、保存剤、矯味剤、芳香剤、着色剤等の添加剤を加えて製造することができる。
これら各添加剤について、それぞれ具体例を挙げて例示するが、これらに特に限定されるものではない。溶剤としては、精製水、注射用水、生理食塩水、ラッカセイ油、エタノール、グリセリン等を挙げることができる。賦形剤としては、デンプン類、乳糖、ブドウ糖、白糖、結晶セルロース、硫酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、タルク、酸化チタン、トレハロース、キシリトール等を挙げることができる。コーティング剤としては、白糖、ゼラチン、酢酸フタル酸セルロースおよび上記記載した高分子等を挙げることができる。基剤としては、ワセリン、植物油、マクロゴール、水中油型乳剤性基剤、油中水型乳剤性基剤等を挙げることができる。結合剤としては、デンプンおよびその誘導体、セルロースおよびその誘導体、ゼラチン、アルギン酸ナトリウム、トラガント、アラビアゴム等の天然高分子化合物、ポリビニルピロリドン等の合成高分子化合物、デキストリン、ヒドロキシプロピルスターチ等を挙げることができる。滑沢剤としては、ステアリン酸およびその塩類、タルク、ワックス類、コムギデンプン、マクロゴール、水素添加植物油、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリエチレングリコール等を挙げることができる。崩壊剤としては、デンプンおよびその誘導体、寒天、ゼラチン末、炭酸水素ナトリウム、セルロースおよびその誘導体、カルメロースカルシウム、ヒドロキシプロピルスターチ、カルボキシメチルセルロースおよびその塩類ならびにその架橋体、低置換型ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース等を挙げることができる。溶解補助剤としては、シクロデキストリン、エタノール、プロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール等を挙げることができる。懸濁化剤としては、アラビアゴム、トラガント、アルギン酸ナトリウム、モノステアリン酸アルミニウム、クエン酸、各種界面活性剤等を挙げることができる。粘稠剤としては、カルメロースナトリウム、ポリビニルピロリドン、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、トラガント、アラビアゴム、アルギン酸ナトリウム等を挙げることができる。乳化剤としては、アラビアゴム、コレステロール、トラガント、メチルセルロース、各種界面活性剤、レシチン等を挙げることができる。安定剤としては、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、アスコルビン酸、トコフェロール、キレート剤、不活性ガス、還元性物質等を挙げることができる。緩衝剤としては、リン酸水素ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウム、ホウ酸等を挙げることができる。等張化剤としては、塩化ナトリウム、ブドウ糖等を挙げることができる。無痛化剤としては、塩酸プロカイン、リドカイン、ベンジルアルコール等を挙げることができる。保存剤としては、安息香酸およびその塩類、パラオキシ安息香酸エステル類、クロロブタノール、逆性石けん、ベンジルアルコール、フェノール、チロメサール等を挙げることができる。矯味剤としては、白糖、サッカリン、カンゾウエキス、ソルビトール、キシリトール、グリセリン等を挙げることができる。芳香剤としては、トウヒチンキ、ローズ油等を挙げることができる。着色剤としては、水溶性食用色素、レーキ色素等を挙げることができる。
【0018】
上記したように、医薬品を徐放化製剤、腸溶性製剤または薬物放出制御製剤等のDDS製剤化することにより、薬物の有効血中濃度の持続化、バイオアベイラビリティーの向上等の効果が期待できる。しかし、1―ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたはその誘導体の成分は生体内で失活化または分解され、その結果、所望の効果が低下または消失する可能性がある。したがって、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたはその誘導体の成分を失活化または分解する物質を阻害する物質を本発明の医薬組成物と併用することにより、成分の効果をさらに持続化させ得る。これらは製剤中に配合してもよく、または別々に投与してもよい。
また、医薬組成物に含まれる1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたはその誘導体に加え、当業者は適切に、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたはその誘導体を失活化または分解する物質を同定し、これを阻害する物質を選択し、これを併用あるいは配合し、組成物中の有効成分の安定化を図ることができる。
さらに、製剤中には、上記以外の添加物として、通常の組成物に使用されている成分を用いることができ、これらの成分の添加量は、本発明の効果を妨げない範囲で通常量とすることができる。
【0019】
以下に実施例および試験例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明は、これらに限定されるものではない。各化合物の後に付した番号は、図1中の各化合物番号である。
実施例1
ヨヒンビン塩酸塩(1・HCl)から2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(3)の合成
ヨヒンビン塩酸塩(1・HCl、107.6 mg、0.28 mmol)を2.0 mlのトリフルオロ酢酸に溶かした溶液に、氷冷攪拌下シアン化ホウ素ナトリウム(36.4 mg、0.55 mmol)を加えた。さらに室温下、1時間攪拌後、溶媒を減圧下に留去した。得られた残渣に2規定水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えてアルカリ性にした後、全体をクロロホルムで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた油状物をクロロホルム−メタノール−28%アンモニア水(46:3:0.3、v/v)混合溶媒を溶出溶媒としてシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーに付し、2α,7α−ジヒドロヨヒンビン(3)(98.0mg、100%)を得た。
化合物(3):mp 190-193℃ (無色微細針状晶、酢酸エチル−ヘキサンから再結晶). UVλmax(MeOH)nm: 206, 243, 293. IR (KBr): 3471, 2906, 1707, 1691, 1261, 1244, 1020, 754, 744, 735 cm-1. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.36-1.61 (7H, m), 1.68 (1H, s, D2Oの添加により消滅), 1.71-1.77 (1H, m), 1.83-2.06 (4H, m), 2.18 (1H, dt, J=11.5, 2.7 Hz), 2.30 (1H, dd, J=11.5, 2.2 Hz), 2.77 (1H, ddd, J=11.5, 3.4, 3.2 Hz), 2.83 (1H, dd, J=11.5, 2.2 Hz), 2.93 (1H, dt, J=6.6, 2.7 Hz), 3.10 (1H, s, D2Oの添加により消滅), 3.57 (1H, dd, J=6.6, 2.7 Hz), 3.76 (3H, s), 4.19 (1H, s), 6.68 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 1.0 Hz), 6.72 (1H, ddd, J=7.6, 7.3, 1.0 Hz), 7.01 (1H, ddd, J=7.8, 7.6, 1.0 Hz), 7.08 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 1.0 Hz). 高分解能 MS m/z: (EI) C21H28N2O3として計算値: 356.2100. 実測値 356.2111. 元素分析 C21H28N2O3・1/8H2Oとして計算値: C, 70.31; H, 7.94; N, 7.81. 実測値: C, 70.30; H, 7.93; N, 7.78. [α]25 D +90.64。 (c=0.20, CHCl3).
【0020】
実施例2
ヨヒンビン塩酸塩(1・HCl)から1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(4)の合成
ヨヒンビン塩酸塩 (1・HCl、101.0 mg、0.26 mmol) を2.0 mlのトリフルオロ酢酸に溶かした溶液に、氷冷攪拌下シアン化ホウ素ナトリウム(85.5 mg、1.3 mmol)を加えた。さらに室温下、2時間攪拌後、溶媒を減圧下に留去した。得られた残渣に2規定水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えてアルカリ性にした後、全体をクロロホルムで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた油状物をメタノール9.0 ml、水1.0 mlに溶解した。得られた溶液に、タングステン酸ナトリウム二水和物 (17.0 mg、0.052 mmol)を加え、氷冷攪拌下、さらに30%過酸化水素水溶液(0.59 ml、5.2 mmol)を加えて、0℃で1時間攪拌した。反応液に水を加えた後、全体をクロロホルム−メタノール(95:5、v/v)混合溶媒で抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた油状物をクロロホルム−メタノール−28%アンモニア水(46:5:0.5、v/v)混合溶媒を溶出溶媒としてシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーに付して、1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(4)(82.1 mg、86%)を得た。
化合物(4): mp 224-226℃ (dec.) (無色針状晶、メタノールから再結晶). UVλmax(MeOH)nm: 227, 279, 285. IR (KBr): 3500, 2945, 1711, 1435, 1317, 1205, 1189, 1150, 1019, 966, 743 cm-1. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.19 (1H, q,J=11.5 Hz), 1.33-1.39 (1H, m), 1.43-1.57, (2H, m), 1.65 (1H, br t, J=13.4 Hz), 1.91 (1H, dd, J=13.4, 2.7 Hz), 1.99 (1H, qd, J=11.5, 2.7 Hz), 2.31 (1H, br d, J=11.5 Hz), 2.40 (1H, t, J=11.5 Hz), 2.63-2.76 (2H, m), 2.88-2.98 (3H, m), 3.10-3.15 (1H, m), 3.62 (1H, d, J=11.5 Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.22 (1H, d, J=2.7 Hz), 6.98 (1H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 7.09 (1H, t,J=7.6 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz). MS m/z: 370 (M+), 354 (M+-O), 353 (M+-OH). 元素分析 C21H26N2O4として計算値: C, 68.09; H, 7.07; N, 7.56. 実測値: C, 67.97; H, 7.13; N, 7.60. [α]30 D +7.75 。(c=0.20, DMF).
【0021】
実施例3
1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(4)から1−アリルオキシヨヒンビン(5)の合成
1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン (4、52.8 mg、0.14 mmol) を5.0 mlのN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドに溶かした溶液に、無水炭酸カリウム (59.2 mg、0.43 mmol) を加え、さらにアリルブロミド(24.7ml、0.29 mmol)を加えた後、室温下30分攪拌した。反応液に水を加えた後、全体をクロロホルム−メタノール(95:5、v/v)混合溶媒で抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた油状物をクロロホルム−メタノール(95:5、v/v)混合溶媒を溶出溶媒としてシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーに付し、1−アリルオキシヨヒンビン(5)(54.6 mg、93%)を得た。
化合物(5): mp 126-128.5℃ (dec.) (無色微細針状晶、ヘキサンから再結晶). UVλmax(MeOH)nm: 225, 278, 284. IR (KBr): 3458, 2920, 1739, 1458, 1435, 1209, 1151, 1001, 737 cm-1. 1H-NMR (CDCl3)δ: 1.34-1.43 (2H, m), 1.48-1.64 (3H, m), 1.97-2.06 (2H, m), 2.34 (1H, dd, J=11.5, 2.2 Hz), 2.35 (1H, t, J=11.5 Hz), 2.55 (1H, dt, J=12.9, 2.9 Hz), 2.62 (1H, td, J=10.7, 4.2 Hz), 2.66-2.72 (1H, m), 2.90-2.98 (1H, m), 2.96 (1H, dd, J=11.5, 2.9 Hz), 3.05 (1H, ddd, J=11.5, 5.6, 2.2 Hz), 3.30 (1H, s, D2Oの添加により消滅), 3.51 (1H, dd, J=11.5, 2.2Hz), 3.75 (3H, s), 4.20 (1H, d, J=1.2 Hz), 4.49 (1H, dddd, J=11.0, 6.6, 1.2, 1.0 Hz), 4.55 (1H, dddd, J=11.0, 6.1, 1.2, 1.0 Hz), 5.39 (1H, ddt, J=10.7, 1.2, 1.0 Hz), 5.44 (1H, dq, J=17.1, 1.2 Hz), 6.05 (1H, dddd, J=17.1, 10.7, 6.6, 6.1 Hz), 7.08 (1H, ddd, J=8.1, 7.8, 1.0Hz), 7.18 (1H, td, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.34 (1H, ddd, J=8.1, 1.0, 0.7 Hz), 7.43 (1H, ddd, J=7.8, 1.0, 0.7 Hz). MS m/z: 410 (M+), 353 (M+-OCH2CH=CH2). 元素分析 C24H30N2O4として計算値: C, 70.22; H, 7.37; N, 6.82. 実測値: C, 70.13; H, 7.50; N, 6.57. [α]30 D +18.40。(c=0.21, CHCl3).
【0022】
実施例4
1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(4)から1−n−ブチルオキシヨヒンビン(6)の合成1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン (4、50.5 mg、0.14 mmol) を4.0 mlのN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドに溶かした溶液に、無水炭酸カリウム (56.7 mg、0.41 mmol) を加え、さらにヨウ化n−ブチル(30.8 mg、0.17 mmol)をN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(1.0 ml)に溶かした溶液を加えた後、室温下2時間攪拌した。反応液に水を加えた後、全体を酢酸エチルエステルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた油状物をクロロホルム−メタノール(95:5、v/v)混合溶媒を溶出溶媒としてシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーに付して、1−n−ブチルオキシヨヒンビン(6)(57.8 mg、99%)を得た。
化合物(6): mp 150-152℃ (dec.) (無色微細針状晶、ヘキサンから再結晶). UVλmax(MeOH)nm: 228, 278, 285. IR (KBr): 3464, 2935, 1738, 1460, 1435, 1319, 1207, 1151, 1003, 737 cm-1. 1H-NMR (CDCl3)δ: 1.01 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.34-1.43 (2H, m), 1.48-1.63 (5H, m), 1.65-1.79 (2H, m), 1.97-2.07 (2H, m), 2.34 (1H, dd, J=11.2, 2.0 Hz), 2.36 (1H, t, J=11.2 Hz), 2.53 (1H, dt, J=12.9, 2.9 Hz), 2.63 (1H, td, J=11.2, 4.2 Hz), 2.66-2.72 (1H, m), 2.90-2.98 (1H, m), 2.96 (1H, dd, J=11.2, 2.9 Hz), 3.05 (1H, ddd, J=11.2, 5.6, 2.0 Hz), 3.29 (1H, s, D2Oの添加により消滅), 3.48 (1H, d, J=11.2 Hz), 3.76 (3H, s), 3.98 (1H, td, J=8.5, 6.6 Hz), 4.06 (1H, td, J=8.5, 6.6 Hz), 4.20 (1H, s), 7.07 (1H, ddd, J=8.1, 7.8, 1.0 Hz), 7.17 (1H, td, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.31 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.43 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 1.0 Hz). MS m/z: 426 (M+), 353 (M+-n-Bu). 元素分析 C25H34N2O4として計算値: C, 70.39; H, 8.03; N, 6.57. 実測値: C, 70.26; H, 8.12; N, 6.48. [α]32 D +21.46。(c=0.21, CHCl3).
【0023】
実施例5
1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(4)から1−p−ニトロベンジルオキシヨヒンビン(7)の合成
1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン (4、50.3 mg、0.14 mmol)を4.0 mlのN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドに溶かした溶液に、無水炭酸カリウム (56.8 mg、0.41 mmol) を加え、さらに、p−ニトロベンジルブロミド(35.4 mg、0.16 mmol)をN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(1.0 ml)に溶かした溶液を加えた後、室温下30分間攪拌した。反応液に水を加えた後、全体を酢酸エチルエステルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた油状物をクロロホルム−メタノール(95:5、v/v)混合溶媒を溶出溶媒としてシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーに付し、1−p−ニトロベンジルオキシヨヒンビン(7)(61.7mg、90%)を得た。
化合物(7): mp 148-149℃ (dec.) (黄色針状微細晶、酢酸エチル−ヘキサンから再結晶). UVλmax(MeOH)nm: 203, 226, 269. IR (KBr): 2924, 1734, 1703, 1523, 1460, 1437, 1348, 1155, 1109, 852, 827, 739 cm-1. 1H-NMR (CDCl3)δ: 1.37 (1H, q, J=12.0 Hz), 1.38-1.43 (1H, m), 1.50-1.61 (3H, m), 1.94-2.03 (2H, m), 2.28 (1H, t, J=11.0 Hz), 2.33 (1H, dd, J=11.7, 2.2 Hz), 2.54 (1H, dt, J=12.7, 2.9 Hz), 2.57 (1H, td, J=11.0, 4.2 Hz), 2.66-2.72 (1H, m), 2.89-2.98 (2H, m), 3.01-3.07 (1H, m), 3.04 (1H, s, D2Oの添加により消滅), 3.23 (1H, dd, J=11.0, 2.2 Hz), 3.59 (3H, s), 4.21 (1H, d, J=1.2 Hz), 5.02 (1H, d, J=10.6 Hz), 5.07 (1H, d, J=10.6 Hz), 7.12 (1H, ddd, J=8.1, 7.8, 1.0 Hz), 7.21 (1H, td, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.32 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.46 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 1.0 Hz), 7.61 (2H, dd, J=9.0, 2.2 Hz), 8.31 (2H, dd, J=9.0, 2.2 Hz). MS m/z: 354 (M+-p-NO2C6H4CHO), 353 (M+-p-NO2C6H4CH2O), 151 (p-NO2C6H5CHO). 元素分析 C28H31N3O6として計算値: C, 66.52; H, 6.18; N, 8.31. 実測値: C, 66.40; H, 6.22; N, 8.18. [α]31 D +48.77。 (c=0.20, CHCl3).
【0024】
実施例6
1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン(4)から1−メトキシヨヒンビン(8)の合成
1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビン (4、52.6 mg、0.14 mmol) を20.0 mlのメタノールに溶かした溶液に、氷冷攪拌下ジアゾメタンのエーテル溶液を、薄層クロマトグラフィーでモニターしながら、原料が消失するまで加え、さらに1時間攪拌した。反応液の溶媒を減圧下留去して得られた油状物をクロロホルム−メタノール−28%アンモニア水(46:3:0.3、v/v)混合溶媒を溶出溶媒としてシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーに付し、1−メトキシヨヒンビン(8)(42.2mg、77%)を得た。
化合物(8): mp 201-203℃ (dec.) (無色プリズム晶、アセトンから再結晶). UVλmax(MeOH)nm: 227, 276, 283. IR (KBr): 3145, 2910, 1737, 1458, 1426, 1360, 1296, 1224, 1206, 1180, 1144, 1001, 955, 743 cm-1. 1H-NMR (CDCl3)δ: 1.36-1.45 (2H, m), 1.49-1.62 (3H, m), 1.97-2.09 (2H, m), 2.32-2.39 (2H, m), 2.46 (1H, ddd, J=12.7, 3.2, 2.9 Hz), 2.63 (1H, td, J=11.2, 4.2 Hz), 2.66-2.71 (1H, m), 2.89-2.98 (2H, m), 3.03-3.08 (1H, m), 3.36 (1H, s, D2Oの添加により消滅), 3.49 (1H, dd, J=11.2, 1.7 Hz), 3.77 (3H, s), 3.89 (3H, s), 4.21 (1H, s), 7.09 (1H, ddd, J=7.8, 7.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.19 (1H, ddd, J=8.1, 7.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.44 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 1.0 Hz). MS m/z: 384 (M+), 353 (M+-OMe). 元素分析 C22H28N2O4として計算値: C, 68.72; H, 7.34; N, 7.29. 実測値: C, 68.65; H, 7.35; N, 7.23. [a]29 D +20.54。 (c=0.20, CHCl3).
化合物(8)のスペクトルデータは、文献既知データ(H. Takayama, N. Seki, M. Kitajima, N. Aimi, H. Seki,およびS. Sakai, Heterocycles, 33, 121 (1992)と一致した。
【0025】
試験例1
実験にはラット(Wistar系、雄性)を用いた。エーテル麻酔後、または、後頭部を殴打して気絶させた後、頸動脈を切断して放血致死させ、開胸して胸部大動脈を摘出した。摘出した標本は、O2(100%)を通気したKerbs-Hepes液〔NaCl:126.9 mM、KCl:5.9 mM、HEPES:10.03 mM、CaCl2:2.36 mM、MaCl2:1.18 mM、グルコース:11.8 mM(pH=7.4)〕内に保持した。結合組織および脂肪組織を除去した後、約2mmの長さのリング標本を作製して実験に供した。内皮の剥離は行わなかった。リング標本を95%O2−5%CO2を通気したNormal Tyrode液〔NaCl:158.3 mM、KCl:4.0 mM、NaHCO3:10.0 mM、NaH2PO4:0.42 mM、CaCl2:2.0 mM、MgCl2:1.05 mM、グルコース:5.6 mM〕(5mL)が入った器官槽(UC-5TD、UFER TM Medical Instrument、京都)中に保持した。標本内腔に、2本のステンレス製フック〔一方は固定、他方は張力変換トランスデューサー(T7-8-240,オリエンテック(株)、東京:TB-611T、日本光電、東京)に接続〕を挿入し、2.0gに相当する負荷を与えた。張力変化は、増幅アンプ(AP-600G、AP-621G、日本光電、東京:MSC-2、Labo Support Corporation、大阪)を介して等尺性に記録した。栄養液は20〜30分間隔で交換し、標本を90分間平衡化した。
実験の開始に当たり、標本が正常に反応することを確認する目的で、高KCl液(80 mM)〔NaCl:82.3 mM、KCl:80.0 mM、NaHCO3:10.0 mM、NaH2PO4:0.42 mM、CaCl2:2.0 mM、MgCl2:1.05 mM、グルコース:5.6 mM〕で収縮させた。その後、Normal Tyrode液で洗浄して実験を開始した。
本発明のヨヒンビン誘導体の効力を評価する目的で、動脈標本をNO合成阻害薬であるニトローL−アルギニンメチルエステル(L-NAME)(100μM)存在下でクロニジン(100nMまたは1μM)刺激により収縮を惹起させ、持続性に発生張力が一定に達した後、検体(10μM)を投与した。検体による弛緩反応が最大に達した後、ヨヒンビン(10μM)を投与した。ヨヒンビン(10μM)により得られた弛緩反応を最大反応(=100%)、検体の投与直前の収縮高を0%と定義し、検体の弛緩反応はヨヒンビン(10μM)による反応の百分率で表示した。
すなわち、ラット大動脈標本の弛緩反応を指標にし、まず、α2刺激薬のクロニジンで収縮させ、内皮細胞の影響を除くために、L-NAMEを投与する。収縮反応が一定となったところで、試験化合物を投与して弛緩反応を測定する。その後、ヨヒンビンを投与して得られる最大弛緩反応を100%とする。これにより試験化合物の効果の強さをヨヒンビンに対する割合で算出する。
その結果を表1に示す。
【0026】
【表1】
以上の結果より、本発明の1−ヒドロキシヨヒンビンまたはその誘導体はヨヒンビンと同程度の効果を示すことが明らかとなった。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、式(A)で表される新規ヨヒンビン誘導体、その製造方法および該誘導体の医薬組成物が提供される。本発明のヨヒンビン誘導体は、優れたα2受容体遮断作用を示し、催淫薬、抗糖尿病薬、抗喘息薬、抗血小板凝集薬として利用可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 ヨヒンビン誘導体の製造経路を示す反応図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, α2The present invention relates to a novel 1-hydroxyyohimbine or a derivative thereof having a receptor blocking action, a production method thereof and use thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
α2The receptors include neurogenic α2Receptor and non-neuronal alpha2There is a receptor. Nervous α2The receptor is presynaptic α2Receptors and postsynaptic alpha2Classified as receptors, the former are distributed especially in the peripheral and central noradrenergic nerve endings and inhibit the release of noradrenaline. In addition, it is also distributed on nerve terminals such as cholinergic and serotonergic, and suppresses the release of various neurotransmitters. The latter is distributed, for example, in the central nervous system, sympathetic ganglia, noradrenaline neural dendrites, etc., and is involved in physiological functions such as antihypertensive / arrhythmic action, hyperpolarization action and nerve excitation suppression action, respectively. On the other hand, non-neurogenic α2Receptors are distributed in platelets, adipocytes, pancreatic islets of Langerhans, vascular endothelial cells, etc., and are involved in physiological functions such as platelet aggregation inhibitory action, lipid degradation inhibitory action, insulin secretion inhibitory action, and NO release action, respectively (Muramatsu). Kannobu, Journal of the Japanese Pharmacists Association, 48 (11), 1987 (1996)).
Known α2Yohimbine, lauorcin, SL84.0418, midaglyzol and the like are known as receptor blockers. Yohimbine is an indole alkaloid contained in the bark of the Rubiaceae tree, Pausinystalia yohimbe or Lauorphia sp. Lauorushin is Yohimbine's C20H takes α configuration and α2Shows high selectivity for receptors (Muramatsu Yasunobu, Journal of the Japanese Pharmacists Association, 48 (11), 1990 (1996)). SL84.0418 is a racemate, which is a mixture of (+) form deliglidol (SL86.0715) and (−) form SL86.0714, but as a result of in vivo and in vitro studies, α2The binding ability of the receptor and the expression of various physiological functions are derived from (+) deliglidol. Midaglyzol is an imidazoline derivative (E. Guillot et al,; Life Sciences, 62 (9), 840 (1998)), which is more2It shows high selectivity for the receptor (E. Guillot et al,; Life Sciences, 62 (9), 851 (1998)).
Yohimbine is a drug used as an aphrodisiac (Akio Imagawa et al., West Japan Urology, 49 (1), 77 (1987)). At present, erectile dysfunction patients are rapidly increasing due to drugs, adult diseases, surgery for malignant tumors, social environment, and mental stress. However, due to its complicated etiology, its treatment method has not been established (Hideki Fuse et al., Pharmaceutical Journal, 33 (7), 1752 (1997)). Recently, sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase V, has been developed and attracts attention as a treatment for erectile dysfunction (impotence), but there are many contraindications for concomitant use and concomitant use of caution. It is. Sildenafil only improves erectile dysfunction and does not have the effect of restoring or increasing the libido of yohimbine (Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Viagra Handbook).
SL84.0418, especially deligridol, is expected as a therapeutic agent for non-insulin dependent diabetes (E. Guillot et al,; Life Sciences, 62 (9), 839 (1998)). Diabetes is classified into insulin-dependent (IDDM), which is type I diabetes, and insulin-independent (NIDDM), which is type II diabetes. IDDM is a pathological condition that causes an absolute deficiency of insulin because the destruction of pancreatic β-cells is enhanced by autoimmune mechanism resulting in pancreatic islets damage. NIDDM, on the other hand, is closely related to genetic factors and develops with the addition of environmental factors such as obesity, overeating, aging and lack of exercise, and causes a relative shortage of insulin due to insulin secretion failure and insulin resistance. is there. Deligridol has the effect of promoting insulin secretion, so it is ineffective in IDDM that is absolutely deficient in insulin, but even a small amount may be a therapeutic drug for NIDDM that has the ability to secrete insulin.
Deligridol and SL86.0714 are also ATP-dependent K+In addition to reversing the insulin secretion inhibitory action of diazoxide, a channel opener, it has been shown to be equally effective in stimulating insulin secretion. Therefore, these compounds are α2In addition to the receptor blocking action, ATP-dependent K+It may have the effect of closing the channel directly or indirectly (E. Guillot et al,; Life Sciences, 62 (9), 850 (1998)). Furthermore, midaglyzol has been shown to be effective against non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and asthma (Mizobe Masafumi, Allergy, 39 (1), 36-41 (1990), Yoshie Yasumasa et al., Therapeutics, 22 ( 5), 551-554 (1989)). Other, α2There are many reports that receptor blockers have an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation (Haruka Takeda et al., Mochida Memorial Foundation Research Report, 6, 139-143 (1990)).
[0003]
As above, α2Drugs with receptor blocking activity may be used for many applications such as aphrodisiacs, diabetes drugs, anti-asthma drugs and platelet aggregation inhibitors. Α2Since the receptor is expressed in many tissues / cells, it is highly possible to use it for pathological conditions involving the tissues / cells.
However, as mentioned above, Yohimbine's C20Lauorcine in which H of the α is α configuration is α2High selectivity for receptor but C16When the carbomethoxy group of2The affinity for the receptor is significantly reduced and α1It is known that only the binding properties are retained. That is, although it is a compound that is structurally similar to yohimbine, α2The selectivity for the receptor is very different. The (+) deligridol (SL86.0715) is α2It binds to the receptor and expresses various physiological functions.2It has been shown that it has no receptor blocking action.
Therefore, α2Despite the fact that compounds with receptor blocking activity have clinical applications, α2It has been extremely difficult to search for compounds having a receptor blocking action.
In addition, about the manufacturing method of a yohimbine derivative, when yohimbine (1 of FIG. 1) is reduced with sodium cyanoborohydride according to the reaction shown in attached FIG. 1, 2β, 7β-dihydroyohimbine (2 of FIG. 1) and 2α , 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in Fig. 1) are known to be produced respectively (JL Men, LL Oliver, J. Levy, MC Levy-Appert-Colin, and J. Hannart, Ger. Offen. 2,410,651). [Chem. Abstr., 82, 43640u (1975)]). A reaction for synthesizing 1-hydroxyindole using dihydroindole using sodium tungstate dihydrate and 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide is also known (M. Somei and T. Kawasaki, Heterocycles, 29, 1251 (1989). )). Furthermore, a method for synthesizing 1-methoxyyohimbine (8 in FIG. 1) from yohimbine (1 in FIG. 1) through 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in FIG. 1) in one step is also known (H. Takayama). , N. Seki, M. Kitajima, N. Aimi, H. Seki, and S. Sakai, Heterocycles, 33, 121 (1992)). However, there is no literature describing the pharmacological activity of compound (8).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the present invention, α2It is an object to provide a compound having a receptor blocking action, particularly a yohimbine derivative.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
We have α2A variety of yohimbine derivatives having a receptor blocking action were synthesized and intensively studied. As a result, 1-hydroxyyohimbine or its derivatives2It has been found useful as a receptor blocker. The present inventors have also established a novel method for synthesizing the derivative.
More specifically, the present inventors have found that only 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in FIG. 1) is quantitatively produced by reducing yohimbine hydrochloride. Further, 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4 in FIG. 1) could be isolated for the first time by the present inventors. 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4 in FIG. 1) is useful for the synthesis of novel compounds of various derivatives starting from 1-hydroxyyohimbine. Furthermore, 1-hydroxyyohimbine or a derivative thereof is α2It was found to have a receptor blocking action.
[0006]
That is, the present invention
(1) Formula (A):
[Formula 4]
[In the formula, R has hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a substituent. C2-C10 alkenyl which may have a substituent, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl which may have a substituent, C2-C10 alkynyl which may have a substituent, a substituent An optionally substituted acyl group, an optionally substituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, or a 5- to 7-membered complex. A compound represented by the formula:
(2) R described above is (1), wherein R is hydrogen, each alkyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or aralkyl having 7 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. Compound,
(3) The compound according to the above (1), wherein R is selected from hydrogen, allyl group, butyl group and nitrobenzyl,
(4) A method for producing 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine, wherein yohimbine hydrochloride is reduced with a reducing agent,
(5) The production method according to the above (4), wherein the reducing agent is sodium cyanoborohydride or triethylsilane,
(6) A method for producing 1-hydroxyyohimbine, which comprises oxidizing 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine with an oxidizing agent,
(7) The production method according to the above (6), wherein the oxidizing agent is a metal peroxide, an organic peroxide, persulfuric acid or a peracid.
(8) The production method according to the above (6), wherein 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine is obtained by reducing yohimbine hydrochloride with a reducing agent,
(9) A feature of reacting 1-hydroxyyohimbine with a compound represented by the formula R′-X, wherein R ′ is as defined in the following formula (A ′), and X represents halogen. Formula (A ′):
[Chemical formula 5]
[In the formula, R ′ has an optionally substituted alkyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a substituent. C2-C10 alkenyl which may have a substituent, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl which may have a substituent, C2-C10 alkynyl which may have a substituent, a substituent An optionally substituted acyl group, an optionally substituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, or a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring A method for producing a compound represented by the following formula:
(10) The production according to (9) above, wherein R ′ is an optionally substituted alkyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or aralkyl having 7 to 10 carbon atoms. Method,
(11) The production method according to the above (9), wherein R'-X is allyl bromide, butyl iodide or nitrobenzyl bromide,
(12) The production method according to (9) above, wherein 1-hydroxyyohimbine is obtained by oxidizing 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine with an oxidizing agent,
(13) The production method according to the above (12), wherein 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine is obtained by reducing yohimbine hydrochloride with a reducing agent,
(14) 1-hydroxyyohimbine is characterized by being subjected to at least the following steps, 1) dissolving in methanol, 2) adding an ether solution of diazomethane, 3) removing the solvent, 4) dissolving in the elution solvent, and 5) purification. 1-methoxy yohimbine production method,
(15) Formula (A "):
[Chemical 6]
[In the formula, R ″ has hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a substituent. An alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted, a cycloalkenyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkynyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and a substituent. An optionally substituted acyl group, an optionally substituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, or a 5 to 7 membered carbon atom. A heterocyclic group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.2A pharmaceutical composition for receptor blockade,
(16) The above (15) description, wherein R ″ is hydrogen, each optionally substituted alkyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or aralkyl having 7 to 10 carbon atoms. A pharmaceutical composition of
(17) The pharmaceutical composition according to the above (15), wherein R ″ is selected from hydrogen, allyl group, butyl group and nitrobenzyl.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The “derivative” in the present specification is a derivative of 1-hydroxyyohimbine. That is, a compound represented by the above formula (A ′) in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group bonded to the 1-position nitrogen atom of 1-hydroxyyohimbine (FIGS. 1 and 4) is substituted by another substituent (R ′) or Says the salt. The compound represented by the formula (A ′) is obtained by removing 1-hydroxyyohimbine from the compound represented by the formula (A), and any of the compounds represented by the formulas (A) and (A ′) and salts thereof Is also a new substance.
In the compounds represented by the formulas (A) and (A ′) of the present invention, the groups represented by R and R ′ other than hydrogen include all possible substituents. For example, a linear or branched alkyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbons which may have a substituent, 3 to 10 carbon atoms having a substituent, preferably 5 -7 to cycloalkyl, optionally having a straight chain or branched chain having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 alkenyl, optionally having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Cycloalkenyl, optionally having a straight chain or branched chain having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 alkynyl, optionally having an acyl group having a substituent, having a substituent An aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 10 carbon atoms, or a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and 5- to 7-membered containing one or more heteroatoms selected from sulfur atoms It includes a heterocyclic group.
[0008]
Examples of the alkyl group include groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl and the like.
Examples of the cycloalkyl group include cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, and the like.
Examples of the alkenyl group include groups such as vinyl, allyl, pentenyl, hexenyl and the like.
Examples of the cycloalkenyl group include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl and the like.
Examples of the alkynyl group include groups such as ethynyl and propynyl.
Examples of the acyl group include alkylcarbonyl groups having a linear or branched alkyl group such as acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, hexanoyl, octanoyl, lauroyl, palmitoyl group, stearoyl and the like.
Examples of the aryl group include phenyl and naphthyl.
Examples of the aralkyl group include benzyl and phenethyl.
Examples of the heterocyclic group include groups such as thienyl, furyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl and the like.
These groups may have one or more substituents, and these substituents include halogens (eg, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, bromine) in addition to the groups similar to those exemplified for R and R ′. ), Amino, nitro, hydroxy, alkoxy having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and the like.
In particular, in addition to 1-hydroxyyohimbine, R and R ′ may optionally have a C 2-6 alkyl, a C 2-6 alkenyl or a C 6-10 aryl, Those which are allyl, n-butyl and nitrobenzyl are preferred.
[0009]
The salt of the compound represented by the formulas (A) and (A ′) is preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, for example, a salt with a base such as an inorganic base or an organic base, an inorganic acid, an organic acid, Examples include acid addition salts such as basic or acidic amino acids. Examples of the inorganic base include alkali metals such as sodium and potassium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium, aluminum and ammonium. Examples of the organic base include primary amines such as ethanolamine, secondary amines such as diethylamine, diethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N, N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, triethanolamine and the like. And tertiary amines. Examples of inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like. Examples of organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, and benzenesulfone. An acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc. are mentioned. Examples of basic amino acids include arginine, lysine, ornithine and the like. Examples of acidic amino acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
[0010]
In order to produce 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in FIG. 1) from yohimbine hydrochloride according to the production method of the present invention, yohimbine hydrochloride is reduced with a reducing agent. In general, 1) yohimbine hydrochloride is dissolved in a solvent, 2) a reducing agent is added to the solution, 3) the solvent is removed, 4) extraction is performed with an extraction solvent under alkaline conditions, and 5) the extract is washed and dried. The target compound (3) is obtained through steps of solvent removal, 6) dissolution in the elution solvent, and 7) purification.
The solvent for dissolving yohimbine hydrochloride is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve yohimbine hydrochloride and does not interfere with the subsequent reaction. For example, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), acetic acid, chloroacetic acid, dilute sulfuric acid and the like are included. After dissolving in a suitable solvent, the reducing agent is added at a low temperature, preferably with ice-cooling. The reducing agent can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art, but sodium cyanoborohydride and triethylsilane are preferable. Next, it is preferable to stir at room temperature before removing the solvent. As a method for removing the solvent, the solvent can be distilled off under reduced pressure or normal pressure. The alkalizing agent that can be used is not particularly limited as long as it does not interfere with the subsequent reaction, and sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and amines (for example, triethylamine) can be used. For extraction, in addition to chloroform, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and the like can be used. Next, in order to wash the extract, saturated saline and water can be used, and then a known desiccant such as anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and anhydrous calcium sulfate can be used. The solvent can be removed by the method. As an elution solvent, chloroform-methanol-ammonia water, preferably chloroform-methanol- (preferably 20 to 40%) ammonia water (preferably 40 to 50: 1 to 5: 0.1 to 0.5, v / V) can be used. In addition, elution solvents such as chloroform-methanol, chloroform-methanol-various amines, chloroform-isopropanol, chloroform-isopropanol-various amines, and the like can also be used. As a purification method, silica gel column chromatography, alumina column chromatography, thin layer silica gel chromatography, thin layer alumina chromatography and the like can be used.
Preferably, 1) yohimbine hydrochloride is dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid, 2) sodium cyanoborohydride is added to the solution, 3) the solvent is removed under reduced pressure, 4) the solution is made alkaline with sodium hydroxide, and then into chloroform. 5) The extract is washed with saturated brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove the solvent. 6) Dissolved in an elution solvent consisting of chloroform-methanol-ammonia water. 7) Silica gel column chromatography. The compound (3) is obtained through a purification step.
The various specific examples described above are not limited to the production of 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in FIG. 1) from yohimbine hydrochloride, and 1-hydroxyyohimbine represented by the formula (A) from yohimbine hydrochloride and It can also be applied when producing the derivatives.
[0011]
By obtaining 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in FIG. 1) from yohimbine hydrochloride and oxidizing this, 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4 in FIG. 1) can be produced. To obtain 1-hydroxyyohimbine starting from yohimbine hydrochloride, generally 1) dissolving yohimbine hydrochloride in a solvent, 2) adding a reducing agent to the solution, 3) removing the solvent, 4) under alkaline conditions, Extraction with extraction solvent, 5) Washing the extract, drying, removing the solvent, 6) Dissolving in the solvent, 7) Adding the oxidizing agent, 8) Extracting with the extraction solvent, 9) Washing the extract and drying The target compound (4) is obtained through steps of solvent removal, 10) dissolution in the elution solvent, and 11) purification.
As the solvent used for dissolving the compound (3) in the step 6), methanol, water mixed solvent, acetic acid ethyl ester, ether and the like can be used in addition to methanol. Next, examples of the oxidizing agent include metal peroxides, organic peroxides, persulfuric acid, and peracids. Metal peroxides can be generated by reaction of metal oxide salts with peroxides. Examples of the metal oxide salt include salts such as tungstic acid, molybdic acid and vanadate, and examples of the peroxide include hydrogen peroxide solution and urea hydrogen peroxide adduct. it can. In particular, urea hydrogen peroxide adduct can be used as crystals. Examples of the organic peroxide include metachlorinated benzoic acid. Most preferred among these is a combination of tungstate and hydrogen peroxide. Next, for extraction, chloroform-methanol (preferably 80 to 98: 2 to 20, v / v), chloroform, methylene chloride, acetic acid ethyl ester, and the like can be used for extraction.
Preferably, 1) yohimbine hydrochloride is dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid, 2) sodium borohydride is added to the solution under low temperature stirring, and 3) after stirring at room temperature, the solvent is removed under reduced pressure. 4) Alkaline with sodium hydroxide and extracted with chloroform. 5) The extract is washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solvent is removed, 6) dissolved in methanol, and 7) metal excess. Oxide and / or salt thereof was added, 8) extracted with a solvent consisting of chloroform-methanol, 9) the extract was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was removed. 10) chloroform -Dissolve in an elution solvent consisting of methanol-ammonia water and 11) Purify by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the desired compound.
The various specific examples described above are not limited to the production of 1-hydroxyyohimbine from yohimbine hydrochloride via 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in FIG. 1), but yohimbine hydrochloride or 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine ( It can also be applied to the production of a 1-hydroxyyohimbine derivative represented by the formula (A) from 3) in FIG.
[0012]
In order to produce a compound represented by the formula (A ′) or a salt thereof according to the production method of the present invention, 1-hydroxyyohimbine and the formula R′—X [wherein R ′ is as defined above, Is a halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine].
For example, 1-allyloxyyohimbine which is one of the 1-hydroxyyohimbine derivatives of the present invention is obtained from yohimbine hydrochloride through 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in FIG. 1) and 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4 in FIG. 1). (5) in FIG. 1 is generally prepared by 1) dissolving in a solvent, 2) adding anhydrous carbonate and allyl bromide, 3) extracting with an extraction solvent, 4) washing the extract, drying, solvent Steps of removal, 5) dissolution in elution solvent, and 6) purification.
As a solvent for dissolving 1-hydroxyyohimbine, methanol, chloroform, methylene chloride, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, ether and the like can be used in addition to N, N-dimethylformamide. In addition to anhydrous carbonate or allyl bromide, those skilled in the art appropriately convert to metal alkoxides (for example, sodium methoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, etc.), hydroxides (sodium hydroxide, etc.) and amines (triethylamine, etc.). Can do.
The various specific examples described above are not limited to the production of 1-allyloxyyohimbine from yohimbine hydrochloride via 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine and 1-hydroxyyohimbine, but other 1-hydroxyyohimbine derivatives from yohimbine hydrochloride. It can also be applied when manufacturing.
From yohimbine hydrochloride to 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in FIG. 1) and 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4 in FIG. 1), 1-n-butyloxyyohimbine which is one of 1-hydroxyyohimbine derivatives (FIG. 1) 6) is generally prepared by 1) dissolving in a solvent, 2) adding anhydrous carbonate, 3) adding a solution in which n-butyl iodide is dissolved in a solvent, 4) extracting with an extraction solvent, 5 The extract is washed, dried, solvent removed, 6) dissolved in the elution solvent, and 7) purified.
As a solvent for n-butyl iodide, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, benzene and the like can be used in addition to N, N-dimethylformamide. Further, it can be extracted using ethyl acetate, chloroform, methylene chloride, chloroform-methanol mixed solvent or the like. The various specific examples described above are not limited to the production of 1-n-butyloxyyohimbine from yohimbine hydrochloride via 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine and 1-hydroxyyohimbine. It can also be applied to the production of hydroxyyohimbine derivatives.
Furthermore, 1-p-nitrobenzyloxyyohimbine which is one of 1-hydroxyyohimbine derivatives is obtained from yohimbine hydrochloride via 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in FIG. 1) and 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4 in FIG. 1). (7) in FIG. 1 is generally prepared by 1) dissolving in a solvent, 2) adding anhydrous carbonate, 3) adding a solution of p-nitrobenzyl bromide in a solvent, 4) using an extraction solvent Extraction, 5) After washing the extract, drying, solvent removal, 6) dissolution in elution solvent, and 7) purification.
As a solvent of nitrobenzyl bromide, methanol, chloroform, acetic acid ethyl ester, benzene, ether, tetrahydrofuran, a mixed solvent thereof and the like can be used in addition to N, N-dimethylformamide. The various specific examples described above are not limited to the production of 1-p-nitrobenzyloxyyohimbine from yohimbine hydrochloride via 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine and 1-hydroxyyohimbine. -It can also be applied when producing hydroxyyohimbine derivatives.
In the process of producing 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine, 1-hydroxyyohimbine and derivatives thereof, those skilled in the art can appropriately change the reaction time, reaction temperature, mixing ratio of reagents, and the like. The 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in FIG. 1) to be used is not limited to that produced by the above-mentioned reduction of yohimbine hydrochloride, but may be obtained by other methods.
[0013]
The present invention also includes a method for producing 1-methoxyyohimbine represented by 8 in FIG. In this method, 1-hydroxyyohimbine is dissolved in 1) methanol, 2) an ether solution of diazomethane is added, 3) the solvent is removed, 4) it is dissolved in the elution solvent, and then 7) purification. included.
From yohimbine hydrochloride to 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3 in FIG. 1) and 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4 in FIG. 1), 1-methoxyyohimbine which is one of 1-hydroxyyohimbine derivatives (8 in FIG. 1) A person skilled in the art can change the manufacturing process using a known technique as described above.
[0014]
The pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention contains a compound represented by the above formula (A ″) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. R ″ in the formula (A ″) is represented by the formula (A Methyl is added to the same group as R ′ in “). That is, the compound represented by the formula (A ″) is added to the compound represented by the formula (A) by adding the compound of FIG. The added 1-hydroxyyohimbine or a derivative thereof including the compound (8) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described above (hereinafter simply referred to as 1-hydroxyyohimbine or a derivative thereof). The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is α2It has a receptor blocking action and is particularly useful as an aphrodisiac, diabetic, antiasthma, anticoagulant and the like. Further, when used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes, asthma, etc., 1-hydroxyyohimbine or a derivative thereof of the present invention can be used as it is or after being subjected to various treatments such as dilution with water. It can be used in combination with quasi-drugs. The compounding amount in this case is appropriately selected according to the disease state and product, but in the case of a systemic preparation, it can be 0.001 to 50% by weight, particularly 0.01 to 10% by weight. If it is less than 0.001% by weight, a satisfactory preventive or therapeutic action may not be observed, and if it exceeds 5% by weight, the stability of the product itself and characteristics such as flavor may be impaired. Absent.
As an administration method of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, in addition to oral administration and intravenous administration, transmucosal administration, transdermal administration, intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, intrarectal administration and the like can be appropriately selected, and depending on the administration method Various preparations can be prepared according to known preparation techniques. Hereinafter, each formulation is described, but the dosage form used in the present invention is not limited to these, and can be used as various formulations usually used in the pharmaceutical formulation field.
[0015]
Α for systemic dosage forms2When used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a disease state involving a receptor, the oral dose of 1-hydroxyyohimbine or a derivative thereof (as a free compound) is preferably in the range of 3 mg / kg to 300 mg / kg, more Preferably, it is 10 mg / kg to 100 mg / kg. When systemic administration is performed, especially in intravenous administration, there are variations depending on age, sex, body type, etc., but the effective blood concentration is in the range of 2 μg / mL to 200 μg / mL, more preferably in the range of 5 μg / mL to 100 μg / mL. It is.
The dosage forms for oral administration include powders, granules, capsules, pills, tablets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions and syrups, which can be selected as appropriate. Moreover, modifications such as sustained release, stabilization, easy disintegration, poor disintegration, enteric solubility, easy absorption, etc. can be applied to these preparations. In addition, dosage forms for local oral administration include chewing agents, sublingual agents, buccal agents, lozenges, ointments, patch agents, liquid agents, and the like, which can be selected as appropriate. Moreover, modifications such as sustained release, stabilization, easy disintegration, poor disintegration, enteric solubility, easy absorption, etc. can be applied to these preparations.
[0016]
For each of the above dosage forms, a known drug delivery system (DDS) technique can be employed. The DDS preparations referred to in this specification include sustained release preparations, topical preparations (troches, buccal tablets, sublingual tablets, etc.), drug release control preparations, enteric preparations and gastric preparations, etc., administration routes, bioavailability In addition, it refers to a preparation in an optimal preparation form in consideration of side effects and the like.
The components of a DDS basically consist of a drug, a drug release module, a cover (inclusion body) and a treatment program, each of which has a half-life that decreases rapidly in blood concentration, especially when release is stopped. Short drugs are preferred, coverings (inclusion bodies) that do not react with the biological tissue at the site of administration are preferred, and it is preferred to have a treatment program that maintains the best drug concentration for a set period of time. The drug release module basically comprises a drug reservoir, a release control, an energy source and a release hole or release surface. It is not necessary to have all these basic components, and the best mode can be selected by adding or deleting as appropriate.
Materials that can be used for DDS include polymers, cyclodextrin derivatives, lecithin and the like. Insoluble polymers (silicone, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, etc.), water-soluble polymers and hydroxyl gel-forming polymers (polyacrylamide, polyhydroxyethyl) Methacrylate cross-linked product, polyacrylic cross-linked product, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, water-soluble cellulose derivative, cross-linked poloxamer, chitin, chitosan, etc.), slow-dissolving polymer (ethyl cellulose, methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymer partial ester, etc.) ), Gastric polymer (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, carmellose sodium, macrogol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid Acid methyl copolymers), enteric polymers (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, phthalcellulose acetate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, acrylic polymers, etc.), biodegradable polymers (thermally coagulated or crosslinked albumin, Cross-linked gelatin, collagen, fibrin, polycyanoacrylate, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, polyβhydroxyacetic acid, polycaprolactone, etc.) and can be appropriately selected depending on the dosage form.
In particular, partial esters of silicone, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymer can be used for drug release control, and cellulose acetate as an osmotic pump material. Ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and methylcellulose can be used as membrane materials for sustained-release preparations, and polyacrylic crosslinked products can be used as oral mucosa or ocular mucosa adhesives.
[0017]
In addition, depending on the dosage form (known dosage forms such as orally administered drugs, injections, suppositories, etc.) in the formulation, solvents, excipients, coating agents, bases, binders, lubricants, disintegration Additives such as agents, solubilizers, suspending agents, thickeners, emulsifiers, stabilizers, buffering agents, tonicity agents, soothing agents, preservatives, flavoring agents, fragrances, coloring agents, etc. Can be manufactured.
Each of these additives is exemplified with specific examples, but is not particularly limited thereto. Examples of the solvent include purified water, water for injection, physiological saline, peanut oil, ethanol, glycerin and the like. Examples of the excipient include starches, lactose, glucose, sucrose, crystalline cellulose, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, talc, titanium oxide, trehalose, xylitol and the like. Examples of the coating agent include sucrose, gelatin, cellulose acetate phthalate, and the polymers described above. Examples of the base include petrolatum, vegetable oil, macrogol, oil-in-water emulsion base, and water-in-oil emulsion base. Examples of the binder include starch and derivatives thereof, cellulose and derivatives thereof, natural polymer compounds such as gelatin, sodium alginate, tragacanth and gum arabic, synthetic polymer compounds such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrin, hydroxypropyl starch and the like. it can. Examples of the lubricant include stearic acid and its salts, talc, waxes, wheat starch, macrogol, hydrogenated vegetable oil, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyethylene glycol and the like. Disintegrators include starch and derivatives thereof, agar, gelatin powder, sodium bicarbonate, cellulose and derivatives thereof, carmellose calcium, hydroxypropyl starch, carboxymethylcellulose and salts thereof, and cross-linked products thereof, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, and the like. Can be mentioned. Examples of the solubilizer include cyclodextrin, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and the like. Examples of the suspending agent include gum arabic, tragacanth, sodium alginate, aluminum monostearate, citric acid, and various surfactants. Examples of the thickener include carmellose sodium, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, tragacanth, gum arabic, sodium alginate and the like. Examples of the emulsifier include gum arabic, cholesterol, tragacanth, methylcellulose, various surfactants, lecithin and the like. Examples of the stabilizer include sodium bisulfite, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, a chelating agent, an inert gas, and a reducing substance. Examples of the buffer include sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate, boric acid and the like. Examples of isotonic agents include sodium chloride and glucose. Examples of soothing agents include procaine hydrochloride, lidocaine, benzyl alcohol and the like. Examples of the preservative include benzoic acid and its salts, paraoxybenzoic acid esters, chlorobutanol, reverse soap, benzyl alcohol, phenol, thimerosal, and the like. Examples of the corrigent include sucrose, saccharin, licorice extract, sorbitol, xylitol, glycerin and the like. Examples of fragrances include spruce tincture and rose oil. Examples of the colorant include water-soluble food dyes and lake dyes.
[0018]
As described above, by making pharmaceutical products into DDS preparations such as sustained release preparations, enteric preparations or drug release control preparations, effects such as sustained effective drug concentration in the blood and improved bioavailability can be expected. . However, components of 1-hydroxyyohimbine or its derivatives are inactivated or degraded in vivo, and as a result, the desired effect may be reduced or eliminated. Therefore, the effect of an ingredient can be further sustained by using a substance that inhibits a substance that inactivates or degrades the ingredient of 1-hydroxyyohimbine or a derivative thereof in combination with the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. These may be formulated into the formulation or may be administered separately.
In addition to 1-hydroxyyohimbine or a derivative thereof contained in the pharmaceutical composition, those skilled in the art appropriately identify a substance that inactivates or degrades 1-hydroxyyohimbine or a derivative thereof, and selects a substance that inhibits the substance. These can be used in combination or blended to stabilize the active ingredient in the composition.
Furthermore, in the preparation, components used in normal compositions can be used as additives other than those described above, and the added amount of these components is within the range that does not hinder the effects of the present invention. can do.
[0019]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Test Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The number given after each compound is the number of each compound in FIG.
Example 1
Synthesis of 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3) from yohimbine hydrochloride (1 · HCl)
To a solution of yohimbine hydrochloride (1 · HCl, 107.6 mg, 0.28 mmol) dissolved in 2.0 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was added sodium cyanoborohydride (36.4 mg, 0.55 mmol) with stirring under ice cooling. Furthermore, after stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was made alkaline by adding a 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and the whole was extracted with chloroform. The extract was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained oil was subjected to silica gel column chromatography using a mixed solvent of chloroform-methanol-28% aqueous ammonia (46: 3: 0.3, v / v) as an elution solvent, and 2α, 7α-dihydroyohimbine (3) (98.0 mg, 100%).
Compound (3): mp 190-193 ° C (colorless fine needles, recrystallized from ethyl acetate-hexane). UVλmax(MeOH) nm: 206, 243, 293. IR (KBr): 3471, 2906, 1707, 1691, 1261, 1244, 1020, 754, 744, 735 cm-1.1H-NMR (CDClThree) δ: 1.36-1.61 (7H, m), 1.68 (1H, s, D2Disappeared by addition of O), 1.71-1.77 (1H, m), 1.83-2.06 (4H, m), 2.18 (1H, dt, J = 11.5, 2.7 Hz), 2.30 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 2.2 Hz), 2.77 (1H, ddd, J = 11.5, 3.4, 3.2 Hz), 2.83 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 2.2 Hz), 2.93 (1H, dt, J = 6.6, 2.7 Hz), 3.10 (1H , s, D2Disappeared by addition of O), 3.57 (1H, dd, J = 6.6, 2.7 Hz), 3.76 (3H, s), 4.19 (1H, s), 6.68 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 1.0 Hz), 6.72 (1H, ddd, J = 7.6, 7.3, 1.0 Hz), 7.01 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 7.6, 1.0 Hz), 7.08 (1H, dd, J = 7.3, 1.0 Hz). High resolution MS m / z: (EI) Ctwenty oneH28N2OThreeCalculated as: 356.2100. Found 356.2111. Elemental Analysis Ctwenty oneH28N2OThree・ 1 / 8H2Calculated as O: C, 70.31; H, 7.94; N, 7.81. Found: C, 70.30; H, 7.93; N, 7.78. [Α]twenty five D +90.64. (c = 0.20, CHClThree).
[0020]
Example 2
Synthesis of 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4) from yohimbine hydrochloride (1 · HCl)
To a solution of yohimbine hydrochloride (1 · HCl, 101.0 mg, 0.26 mmol) dissolved in 2.0 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was added sodium cyanoborohydride (85.5 mg, 1.3 mmol) with stirring under ice cooling. Further, after stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was made alkaline by adding a 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and the whole was extracted with chloroform. The extract was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was dissolved in 9.0 ml of methanol and 1.0 ml of water. To the obtained solution, sodium tungstate dihydrate (17.0 mg, 0.052 mmol) was added, and 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide (0.59 ml, 5.2 mmol) was further added with stirring under ice cooling. Stir for hours. After adding water to the reaction solution, the whole was extracted with a chloroform-methanol (95: 5, v / v) mixed solvent. The extract was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained oil was subjected to silica gel column chromatography using chloroform-methanol-28% aqueous ammonia (46: 5: 0.5, v / v) mixed solvent as an elution solvent to give 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4) (82.1
Compound (4): mp 224-226 ℃ (dec.) (Colorless needles, recrystallized from methanol). UVλmax(MeOH) nm: 227, 279, 285. IR (KBr): 3500, 2945, 1711, 1435, 1317, 1205, 1189, 1150, 1019, 966, 743 cm-1.1H-NMR (CDThreeOD) δ: 1.19 (1H, q, J = 11.5 Hz), 1.33-1.39 (1H, m), 1.43-1.57, (2H, m), 1.65 (1H, br t, J = 13.4 Hz), 1.91 ( 1H, dd, J = 13.4, 2.7 Hz), 1.99 (1H, qd, J = 11.5, 2.7 Hz), 2.31 (1H, br d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.40 (1H, t, J = 11.5 Hz) , 2.63-2.76 (2H, m), 2.88-2.98 (3H, m), 3.10-3.15 (1H, m), 3.62 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.22 (1H , d, J = 2.7 Hz), 6.98 (1H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.09 (1H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d , J = 7.6 Hz). MS m / z: 370 (M+), 354 (M+-O), 353 (M+-OH). Elemental analysis Ctwenty oneH26N2OFourCalculated as: C, 68.09; H, 7.07; N, 7.56. Found: C, 67.97; H, 7.13; N, 7.60. [Α]30 D +7.75.(c = 0.20, DMF).
[0021]
Example 3
Synthesis of 1-allyloxyyohimbine (5) from 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4)
To a solution of 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4, 52.8 mg, 0.14 mmol) in 5.0 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide was added anhydrous potassium carbonate (59.2 mg, 0.43 mmol), and allyl bromide (24.7 ml, 0.29). mmol) was added, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. After adding water to the reaction solution, the whole was extracted with a chloroform-methanol (95: 5, v / v) mixed solvent. The extract was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained oil was subjected to silica gel column chromatography using a chloroform-methanol (95: 5, v / v) mixed solvent as an elution solvent to obtain 1-allyloxyyohimbine (5) (54.6 mg, 93%). .
Compound (5): mp 126-128.5 ℃ (dec.) (Colorless fine needles, recrystallized from hexane). UVλmax(MeOH) nm: 225, 278, 284. IR (KBr): 3458, 2920, 1739, 1458, 1435, 1209, 1151, 1001, 737 cm-1.1H-NMR (CDClThree) δ: 1.34-1.43 (2H, m), 1.48-1.64 (3H, m), 1.97-2.06 (2H, m), 2.34 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 2.2 Hz), 2.35 (1H, t, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.55 (1H, dt, J = 12.9, 2.9 Hz), 2.62 (1H, td, J = 10.7, 4.2 Hz), 2.66-2.72 (1H, m), 2.90-2.98 (1H, m ), 2.96 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 2.9 Hz), 3.05 (1H, ddd, J = 11.5, 5.6, 2.2 Hz), 3.30 (1H, s, D2Disappeared by addition of O), 3.51 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 2.2Hz), 3.75 (3H, s), 4.20 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 4.49 (1H, dddd, J = 11.0, 6.6, 1.2, 1.0 Hz), 4.55 (1H, dddd, J = 11.0, 6.1, 1.2, 1.0 Hz), 5.39 (1H, ddt, J = 10.7, 1.2, 1.0 Hz), 5.44 (1H, dq, J = 17.1, 1.2 Hz), 6.05 (1H, dddd, J = 17.1, 10.7, 6.6, 6.1 Hz), 7.08 (1H, ddd, J = 8.1, 7.8, 1.0 Hz), 7.18 (1H, td, J = 8.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.34 (1H, ddd, J = 8.1, 1.0, 0.7 Hz), 7.43 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 1.0, 0.7 Hz). MS m / z: 410 (M+), 353 (M+-OCH2CH = CH2). Elemental analysis Ctwenty fourH30N2OFourCalculated as: C, 70.22; H, 7.37; N, 6.82. Found: C, 70.13; H, 7.50; N, 6.57. [Α]30 D +18.40.(c = 0.21, CHClThree).
[0022]
Example 4
Synthesis of 1-n-butyloxyyohimbine (6) from 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4) 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4,50.5 mg, 0.14 mmol) was dissolved in 4.0 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide. , Anhydrous potassium carbonate (56.7 mg, 0.41 mmol) was added, and a solution of n-butyl iodide (30.8 mg, 0.17 mmol) dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide (1.0 ml) was added. Stir for hours. After adding water to the reaction solution, the whole was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained oil was subjected to silica gel column chromatography using chloroform-methanol (95: 5, v / v) mixed solvent as an elution solvent to give 1-n-butyloxyyohimbine (6) (57.8 mg, 99%) Got.
Compound (6): mp 150-152 ℃ (dec.) (Colorless fine needles, recrystallized from hexane). UVλmax(MeOH) nm: 228, 278, 285. IR (KBr): 3464, 2935, 1738, 1460, 1435, 1319, 1207, 1151, 1003, 737 cm-1.1H-NMR (CDClThree) δ: 1.01 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.34-1.43 (2H, m), 1.48-1.63 (5H, m), 1.65-1.79 (2H, m), 1.97-2.07 (2H, m) , 2.34 (1H, dd, J = 11.2, 2.0 Hz), 2.36 (1H, t, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.53 (1H, dt, J = 12.9, 2.9 Hz), 2.63 (1H, td, J = 11.2 , 4.2 Hz), 2.66-2.72 (1H, m), 2.90-2.98 (1H, m), 2.96 (1H, dd, J = 11.2, 2.9 Hz), 3.05 (1H, ddd, J = 11.2, 5.6, 2.0 Hz), 3.29 (1H, s, D2Annihilation by adding O), 3.48 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.76 (3H, s), 3.98 (1H, td, J = 8.5, 6.6 Hz), 4.06 (1H, td, J = 8.5, 6.6 Hz), 4.20 (1H, s), 7.07 (1H, ddd, J = 8.1, 7.8, 1.0 Hz), 7.17 (1H, td, J = 8.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.31 (1H, dd, J = 8.1 , 1.0 Hz), 7.43 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 1.0 Hz). MS m / z: 426 (M+), 353 (M+-n-Bu). Elemental analysis Ctwenty fiveH34N2OFourCalculated as: C, 70.39; H, 8.03; N, 6.57. Found: C, 70.26; H, 8.12; N, 6.48. [Α]32 D +21.46.(c = 0.21, CHClThree).
[0023]
Example 5
Synthesis of 1-p-nitrobenzyloxyyohimbine (7) from 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4)
To a solution of 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4, 50.3 mg, 0.14 mmol) dissolved in 4.0 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide was added anhydrous potassium carbonate (56.8 mg, 0.41 mmol), and p-nitrobenzyl was added. After adding a solution of bromide (35.4 mg, 0.16 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (1.0 ml), the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. After adding water to the reaction solution, the whole was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained oil was subjected to silica gel column chromatography using a chloroform-methanol (95: 5, v / v) mixed solvent as an elution solvent, and 1-p-nitrobenzyloxyyohimbine (7) (61.7 mg, 90%) Got.
Compound (7): mp 148-149 ° C (dec.) (Yellow needle fine crystals, recrystallized from ethyl acetate-hexane). UVλmax(MeOH) nm: 203, 226, 269.IR (KBr): 2924, 1734, 1703, 1523, 1460, 1437, 1348, 1155, 1109, 852, 827, 739 cm-1.1H-NMR (CDClThree) δ: 1.37 (1H, q, J = 12.0 Hz), 1.38-1.43 (1H, m), 1.50-1.61 (3H, m), 1.94-2.03 (2H, m), 2.28 (1H, t, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.33 (1H, dd, J = 11.7, 2.2 Hz), 2.54 (1H, dt, J = 12.7, 2.9 Hz), 2.57 (1H, td, J = 11.0, 4.2 Hz), 2.66-2.72 ( 1H, m), 2.89-2.98 (2H, m), 3.01-3.07 (1H, m), 3.04 (1H, s, D2Annihilation by addition of O), 3.23 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 2.2 Hz), 3.59 (3H, s), 4.21 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 5.02 (1H, d, J = 10.6 Hz) ), 5.07 (1H, d, J = 10.6 Hz), 7.12 (1H, ddd, J = 8.1, 7.8, 1.0 Hz), 7.21 (1H, td, J = 8.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.32 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.46 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 1.0 Hz), 7.61 (2H, dd, J = 9.0, 2.2 Hz), 8.31 (2H, dd, J = 9.0, 2.2 Hz). MS m / z: 354 (M+-p-NO2C6HFourCHO), 353 (M+-p-NO2C6HFourCH2O), 151 (p-NO2C6HFiveCHO). Elemental analysis C28H31NThreeO6Calculated as: C, 66.52; H, 6.18; N, 8.31. Found: C, 66.40; H, 6.22; N, 8.18. [Α]31 D +48.77. (c = 0.20, CHClThree).
[0024]
Example 6
Synthesis of 1-methoxyyohimbine (8) from 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4)
To a solution of 1-hydroxyyohimbine (4, 52.6 mg, 0.14 mmol) in 20.0 ml of methanol, an ether solution of diazomethane under ice-cooling and stirring was added until the raw material disappeared while monitoring with thin layer chromatography. The mixture was further stirred for 1 hour. The solvent of the reaction solution was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the resulting oil was subjected to silica gel column chromatography using chloroform-methanol-28% aqueous ammonia (46: 3: 0.3, v / v) mixed solvent as an elution solvent, 1-methoxyyohimbine (8) (42.2 mg, 77%) was obtained.
Compound (8): mp 201-203 ℃ (dec.) (Colorless prism crystal, recrystallized from acetone). UVλmax(MeOH) nm: 227, 276, 283. IR (KBr): 3145, 2910, 1737, 1458, 1426, 1360, 1296, 1224, 1206, 1180, 1144, 1001, 955, 743 cm-1.1H-NMR (CDClThree) δ: 1.36-1.45 (2H, m), 1.49-1.62 (3H, m), 1.97-2.09 (2H, m), 2.32-2.39 (2H, m), 2.46 (1H, ddd, J = 12.7, 3.2 , 2.9 Hz), 2.63 (1H, td, J = 11.2, 4.2 Hz), 2.66-2.71 (1H, m), 2.89-2.98 (2H, m), 3.03-3.08 (1H, m), 3.36 (1H, s, D2Annihilation by adding O), 3.49 (1H, dd, J = 11.2, 1.7 Hz), 3.77 (3H, s), 3.89 (3H, s), 4.21 (1H, s), 7.09 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 7.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.19 (1H, ddd, J = 8.1, 7.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 1.0 Hz), 7.44 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 1.0 Hz) MS m / z: 384 (M+), 353 (M+-OMe). Elemental Analysis Ctwenty twoH28N2OFourCalculated as: C, 68.72; H, 7.34; N, 7.29. Found: C, 68.65; H, 7.35; N, 7.23. [A]29 D +20.54. (c = 0.20, CHClThree).
The spectral data of compound (8) was consistent with literature known data (H. Takayama, N. Seki, M. Kitajima, N. Aimi, H. Seki, and S. Sakai, Heterocycles, 33, 121 (1992).
[0025]
Test example 1
Rats (Wistar strain, male) were used for the experiment. After ether anesthesia, or after fainting by striking the occipital region, the carotid artery was cut and lethal to death, and the chest was opened and the thoracic aorta was removed. The specimen removed is O2(100%) aerated Kerbs-Hepes solution [NaCl: 126.9 mM, KCl: 5.9 mM, HEPES: 10.03 mM, CaCl2: 2.36 mM, MaCl2: 1.18 mM, glucose: 11.8 mM (pH = 7.4)]. After removing connective tissue and adipose tissue, a ring specimen having a length of about 2 mm was prepared and used for the experiment. Endothelial detachment was not performed. 95% O ring specimen2−5% CO2Normal Tyrode solution (NaCl: 158.3 mM, KCl: 4.0 mM, NaHCOThree: 10.0 mM, NaH2POFour: 0.42 mM, CaCl2: 2.0 mM, MgCl2: 1.05 mM, glucose: 5.6 mM] (5 mL) organ tank (UC-5TD, UFERTM Medical Instrument, Kyoto). Two stainless steel hooks (one fixed, and the other connected to a tension transducer (T7-8-240, Orientec Co., Ltd., Tokyo: TB-611T, Nihon Kohden, Tokyo)) Inserted and applied a load corresponding to 2.0 g. The tension change was recorded isometrically via an amplification amplifier (AP-600G, AP-621G, Nihon Kohden, Tokyo: MSC-2, Labo Support Corporation, Osaka). The nutrient solution was changed at 20-30 minute intervals and the specimens were equilibrated for 90 minutes.
At the beginning of the experiment, high KCl solution (80 mM) [NaCl: 82.3 mM, KCl: 80.0 mM, NaHCOThree: 10.0 mM, NaH2POFour: 0.42 mM, CaCl2: 2.0 mM, MgCl2: 1.05 mM, glucose: 5.6 mM]. Thereafter, the experiment was started by washing with Normal Tyrode solution.
In order to evaluate the efficacy of the yohimbine derivative of the present invention, arterial specimens were contracted by clonidine (100 nM or 1 μM) stimulation in the presence of NO synthesis inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (100 μM). The sample (10 μM) was administered after the generated tension reached a constant level. After the relaxation response by the specimen reached the maximum, yohimbine (10 μM) was administered. The relaxation response obtained with yohimbine (10 μM) was defined as the maximum response (= 100%), the contraction height immediately before administration of the sample was defined as 0%, and the relaxation response of the sample was expressed as a percentage of the response due to yohimbine (10 μM).
That is, using the relaxation response of the rat aorta specimen as an index,2L-NAME is administered to contract with the stimulant clonidine to eliminate the effects of endothelial cells. When the contractile response becomes constant, the test compound is administered and the relaxation response is measured. Thereafter, the maximum relaxation response obtained by administering yohimbine is defined as 100%. Thereby, the strength of the effect of the test compound is calculated as a ratio to yohimbine.
The results are shown in Table 1.
[0026]
[Table 1]
From the above results, it was clarified that 1-hydroxyyohimbine or a derivative thereof of the present invention has the same effect as yohimbine.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there are provided a novel yohimbine derivative represented by the formula (A), a production method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition of the derivative. The yohimbine derivative of the present invention has excellent α2It exhibits a receptor blocking action and can be used as an aphrodisiac, antidiabetic, antiasthma, or antiplatelet aggregating drug.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a reaction diagram showing a production route of a yohimbine derivative.
Claims (13)
1)メタノールに溶解1) Dissolved in methanol
2)ジアゾメタンのエーテル溶液を添加2) Add ether solution of diazomethane
3)溶媒除去3) Solvent removal
4)溶出溶媒に溶解4) Dissolved in the elution solvent
5)精製5) Purification
に付すことを特徴とする1―メトキシヨヒンビンの製造方法。A process for producing 1-methoxyyohimbine, characterized in that
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