JP4864046B2 - Disintegration classifier - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a crushing and classifying apparatus that crushes and classifies a lump of agglomerated sand particles including aluminum pieces and the like, such as foundry sand after use in casting.
However, the lump that is subject to crushing and classification is not limited to the lump of casting sand, but a plurality of different materials such as oxides and metals, plastics and metals, plastics and oxides and metals adhere or adhere. Such as, for example, oxide-based slag involving iron-based metal generated in the steel smelting process, etc., crushed board parts installed in various electric products after use, or shredder dust from scrapped automobiles And so on.

With the recent awareness of environmental issues, various products (hereinafter referred to as “waste products”) that have been used or disposed of once are classified into the material levels (plastic, metal, sand, etc.). Recycling technology has been developed in response to the growing demand for recycling.
As part of such recycling technology, there is a technology that efficiently separates and classifies waste products into the various materials that comprise them, but the technical level at which such composite members are crushed and separated and classified Is not necessarily expensive, and its technological innovation is desired.

By the way, as a waste product which is separated and classified and recycled, there is foundry sand in which a mold used in an automobile engine casting line is separated. Therefore, the current state of the used sand recycling technology will be described below.
A mold used in an automobile engine casting line is formed by agglomerating foundry sand into a predetermined shape with a flocculant such as a resin. Such casting molds are used to recycle foundry sand after pouring.
The reproduction of the foundry sand is performed, for example, as follows. The recovered foundry sand is crushed and sieved to about 15 mm under, which is baked in a firing furnace to remove impurities after cooling, further sieved and shipped as recycled sand.

  In order to improve the efficiency in the firing furnace, it is necessary to make the particle size of the foundry sand to be put into the firing furnace smaller than under 15 mm, and development of such a technique is desired.

By the way, as a technology for crushing agglomerates, it is not a technology for reclaiming cast sand, but in a crushing sand production facility, agglomerates generated in a vertical mill are crushed by a crushing box provided on a vibrating sieve. An apparatus for producing crushed sand has been proposed.
The crushing box of this device is provided above the screen, has a top plate with a supply port at the top of the cylinder surrounded by the side wall, and has a grating at the bottom, Several crushing stones are housed.
And the aggregate thrown into the crushing box of the vibration sieve 1 repeats an up-and-down bounce in a crushing box by the vibration of a vibration sieve, and repeats a collision with the crushing stone for crushing. As a result, the aggregates are eliminated from the aggregated state, and become fine powder or fine crushed sand, and pass through the gap in the grating (see Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-114441 (see [0022] to [0023], FIG. 1 and FIG. 2)

As described above, in order to improve the efficiency in the firing furnace, it is necessary to make the particle size of the foundry sand to be put into the firing furnace smaller than the under 15 mm.
For this reason, it is conceivable to use a crushing box as shown in Patent Document 1, but the crushing box shown in Patent Document 1 has the following problems.

The crushing stones for crushing shown in the patent document are crushed stones having an arbitrary shape of about 20 mm to 80 mm, and these are contained in a crushing box in a free state.
Therefore, even if the recovered foundry sand is put into a crushing box containing such crushed crushed stone, the foundry sand that has been crushed to a certain extent is crushed without being crushed to a desired size. It is difficult to efficiently and reliably crush through the crushed stone.
Moreover, the crushing box shown in Patent Document 1 cannot separate metal pieces such as aluminum contained in the foundry sand.

  The requirements for reliably crushing and classifying the material to be crushed are not limited to the regeneration of foundry sand, but are installed in oxide-based slag as described above and various electric products after use. It is also required in the recycling use of crushed board parts or shredder dust of scrap cars.

  The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and for example, a pulverizing and classifying apparatus capable of efficiently pulverizing agglomerates such as foundry sand and efficiently separating metal pieces contained in the foundry sand is obtained. The purpose is that.

(1) The crushing and classifying apparatus according to the present invention has crushing means for crushing a material to be crushed that is arranged on the screen of the vibrating sieve and moves on the screen.
The crushing means comprises a cylindrical crushing rod that crushes the material to be crushed, and a rod housing frame that accommodates the crushing rod.
The rod housing frame includes a box-shaped outer frame body having an inlet-side opening formed on the upstream side in the advancing direction of the screen and an outlet-side opening formed on the downstream side, and an upper opening. An outer frame lid that is installed so as to cover the upper opening, and an inner frame that is accommodated in the outer frame main body,
The inner frame is formed of a sound-absorbing member that reduces noise, and has an inner frame main body having a space for individually accommodating the crushing rod, and an inner frame bottom that forms the bottom of the inner frame main body. The bottom of the inner frame has a sound-absorbing member that reduces noise,
The object to be crushed moves on a screen, is introduced into the rod housing frame, and is crushed by the crushing rod.

(2) Further, in the above (1), the outlet side opening of the outer frame main body is provided with a wall portion that rises upward from the bottom of the inner frame .
By providing the wall portion, the material to be crushed can stay on the side of the crushing means, and the material to be crushed can be reliably crushed.

(3) Moreover, in the above-described (1) or (2), a plurality of crushing rods are accommodated in the moving direction of the screen.
The screen traveling direction refers to the direction in which the material to be crushed moves on the screen due to the vibration of the screen.
By accommodating a plurality of crushing rods in the moving direction of the screen, it is possible to reliably prevent the material to be crushed from slipping through, compared to the case where a single crushing rod is used, and to perform crushing reliably.

(4) Moreover, in the thing in any one of said (1)-(3), while the crushing rod is provided with two or more by the width direction of a screen, it is provided with two or more by the advancing direction of a screen, and this progress The plurality of crushing rods provided in the direction are arranged so as to be shifted from each other in the screen width direction.
By disposing a plurality of crushing rods provided in the traveling direction so as to be shifted from each other in the screen width direction, it is possible to reliably disintegrate the material to be crushed from the gaps between the crushing rods arranged in the screen width direction. Can be crushed.

( 5 ) Further, in any of the above (1) to ( 4 ), a plurality of crushing means are provided in the traveling direction of the screen.
By providing a plurality of crushing means in the screen traveling direction, it is possible to prevent crushing of the material to be crushed and to reliably crush.

( 6 ) Moreover, in the thing in any one of said (1)-( 5 ), the crushing means is detachably attached to the vibration sieve, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
As one form in which the crushing means is detachably attached to the vibration sieve, for example, a support bar is attached to the rod housing frame, and the support bar is detachably attached to both side walls of the screen of the vibration sieve by bolts.

  In the present invention, since the material to be crushed moves on the screen of the vibrating sieve and is introduced into the rod housing frame and is crushed by the crushing rod in the rod housing frame, the material to be crushed passes through. To prevent crushing. In addition, since a cylindrical crushing rod is used as a means for crushing or crushing the material to be crushed, the contact area is compared with the case where a sphere or the like is used as a line contact with the material to be crushed. Since it is large, crushing can be performed reliably.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a crushing and classifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view seen from the direction indicated by arrow A in FIG. 3 to 5 are explanatory views of a part of the configuration of the crushing and classifying apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of the crushing and classifying apparatus.
Hereinafter, the crushing and classifying apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

The crushing and classifying apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes crushing means 7 that crushes a material to be crushed that is arranged on the screen 5 of the vibrating sieve 3 and moves on the screen 5. A cylindrical crushing rod 9 for crushing the material to be crushed and a rod housing frame 11 for housing the crushing rod 9, and the material to be crushed move on the screen 5 and the rod housing frame 11. It is configured to be introduced inside and to be crushed by the crushing rod 9. In the crushing and classifying apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, crushing means 7 are installed at two locations on the screen 5 on the upstream side and the downstream side.
Hereinafter, the structure of the crushing and classifying apparatus 1 will be described in more detail.

<Vibrating sieve>
The vibration sieve 3 is configured by being provided with a screen 5 serving as a sieve surface on a main body portion 13 formed of a rectangular bottomed frame, and with an excitation mechanism (not shown) that vibrates the screen 5 (FIG. 6). reference).

<Crushing means>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and 6, the crushing means 7 is configured such that a support bar 15 made of channel steel attached to the upper part of the rod housing frame 11 is supported on both side frame portions 17 of the vibrating screen 3. The fixing bolt 18 is attached so as to be detachable. The crushing means 7 is installed in a state where the rod receiving frame 11 is pressed against the screen 5 with the support bar 15 fixed to the both side frame portions 17.
The crushing means 7 can also be attached to a general-purpose vibrating sieve by detachably attaching the crushing means 7 with the support bar fixing bolts 18.

As shown in FIG. 3, the rod housing frame 11 has a structure in which three rod housing frames 11 having the same structure are combined in a row in the width direction of the screen 5. Note that FIG. 3 shows only an outer frame main body 23 described later in the rod housing frame 11, and the internal structure of the rod housing frame 11 is shown in FIG. 4.
As shown in FIG. 4, each rod housing frame 11 has an inlet side opening 19 formed on the upstream side in the traveling direction of the screen 5, an outlet side opening 21 formed on the downstream side, and an upper part opened. A box-shaped outer frame main body 23, an outer frame lid body 25 installed so as to cover an upper opening of the outer frame main body 23, and an inner frame 27 accommodated in the outer frame main body 23 are provided.

Support bar mounting pieces 29 for mounting the support bar 15 are provided on both upper sides of the outer frame main body 23.
The outer frame lid body 25 is provided with an opening 31 at a site corresponding to a position where the crushing rod 9 is disposed. In addition, the outer frame lid body 25 is covered with a rod pop-out preventing piece 33 for preventing the accommodated crushing rod 9 from jumping out from the opening portion 31 and covers the upper portion of the opening portion 31 of the outer frame lid body 25. It is provided as follows.
As shown in FIG. 4, the outer frame lid body 25 is fixed to the four corners of the outer frame main body 23 by bolts 35.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the inner frame 27 includes a rubber inner frame main body 37 and an inner frame bottom 39 that forms the bottom of the inner frame main body 37. The inner frame body 37 has a predetermined thickness, accommodates the crushing rod 9, and has an upper frame 43 having a rectangular space 41 for restricting the movement of the crushing rod 9 to a predetermined range, It is composed of rectangular parallelepiped side frames 45 provided at both side lower portions of the upper frame 43. As shown in FIG. 4, the inner frame main body 37 configured in this way has two openings before and after the moving direction of the screen 5 when viewed from above, and the gate body 37 when viewed from the direction of arrow B in the figure. The shape of the mold. Since the inner frame main body 37 has a gate shape, the inside of the inner frame main body 37 is a space in which the front and rear communicate with each other in the moving direction of the screen 5, and this space becomes a passage through which the material to be crushed passes.

  The inner frame body 37 is made of a rubber material and has a sound absorbing effect. An example of a method for manufacturing the inner frame main body 37 is shown in which, for example, an old rubber belt is processed into an 8-character shape, and a plurality of these are stacked to form the upper frame 43. Similarly, an old rubber belt is cut into a rectangular shape, and a plurality of these are stacked to form two side frames 45, and these two side frames 45 are attached to the lower surfaces of both side edges of the upper frame 43. Manufactured by.

As shown in FIG. 5, the inner frame bottom 39 has a structure in which an iron plate 47, a rubber plate 49, and a stainless wire mesh 51 are stacked from the side closer to the inner frame main body 37. The iron plate 47 and the rubber plate 49 have a rectangular shape and are accommodated in the outer frame main body 23. The stainless steel wire mesh 51 has a rectangular portion 51a and a wide portion 51b formed on the rear end side (exit side of the outer frame main body 23) and extending on both sides, and the overall shape is T-shaped in plan view. The stainless wire mesh 51 is bent upward so that the wide part 51b covers a part of the outlet side opening of the outer frame body 23, thereby forming a wall part 53 (see FIG. 2).
The inner frame 27 is housed in the outer frame and pressed by the outer frame lid 25, and the iron plate 47, rubber plate 49, and stainless steel wire mesh 51 are in close contact by the pressing force of the outer frame lid 25. , Each is not glued.

  By making the uppermost portion of the inner frame bottom portion 39 the iron plate 47, the material to be crushed is effectively crushed by the crushing rod 9 and the iron plate 47. In addition, by installing the rubber plate 49 below the iron plate 47, there is an effect of absorbing the vibration sound of the crushing rod 9. Furthermore, by forming the wall portion 53 with the stainless steel wire mesh 51, the crushed material is blocked from being sent out from the rod housing frame 11, the residence time of the crushed material in the rod housing frame 11 is lengthened, and the crushed rod The breakup by 9 is surely performed.

The crushing rod 9 is made of a metal cylinder and is accommodated in a free state in the space 41 of the inner frame body 37 as shown in FIG.
As the crushing rod 9 vibrates in the inner frame body 37 including vertical movement, the material to be crushed is crushed by the crushing rod 9 and the iron plate 47.
Since the two crushing rods 9 accommodated in one inner frame 27 are independently accommodated in the inner frame main body 37, the crushing rods 9 collide with each other while the vibrating sieve 3 is in operation. The generation of noise can be suppressed.

<Description of operation>
Next, the operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.
By activating the vibration mechanism of the vibration sieve 3, the screen 5 vibrates and vibrations of the vibration sieve 3 are transmitted to the crushing means 7. When vibration is transmitted to the crushing means 7, the crushing rod 9 accommodated in the rod accommodating frame 11 performs vibration including vertical movement.
From the upstream side, the screen 5 is supplied with a material to be crushed having a particle size of about 15 mm or less, for example, a mixture of agglomerates of foundry sand and aluminum pieces. The foundry sand supplied to the screen 5 moves on the screen 5 toward the downstream side, and particles having a particle size smaller than the mesh of the screen 5 fall below the screen 5 and are collected. The casting sand that has not fallen moves toward the crushing means 7 on the upstream side. In the inlet side opening 19 of the rod housing frame 11 in the crushing means 7, as shown in FIG. 1, casting sand and aluminum pieces are once dammed and then introduced into the rod housing frame 11 from the inlet side opening 19. The

  In the inlet side opening 19 in the crushing means 7 on the upstream side, the foundry sand and aluminum pieces are dammed up, and this state is shown in FIG. 1, but in FIG. The agglomerates 55 are shown, and the white ones show the aluminum pieces 57. As shown in FIG. 1, the ratio of the agglomerate 55 of the foundry sand is overwhelmingly large at the inlet side opening 19 on the upstream side.

  The foundry sand introduced into the rod housing frame 11 is crushed by the crushing rod 9 that vibrates in the rod housing frame 11 or crushed by striking. The aluminum piece is also flattened by the crushing rod 9. The material to be crushed introduced into the rod housing frame 11 stays to some extent in the rod housing frame 11 and is finely crushed by the crushing rod 9 during the stay. The finely crushed foundry sand and flat aluminum pieces are pushed by the material to be crushed in order and get over the gap or upper part of the stainless steel mesh wall and move to the downstream screen 5 To do. Since most of the foundry sand exiting the upstream crushing means 7 has been crushed, it falls downward from the mesh of the screen 5.

The agglomerates of foundry sand and flattened aluminum pieces that have not been crushed by the upstream crushing means 7 move on the screen 5 and are introduced into the rod housing frame 11 of the downstream crushing means 7. Although the material to be crushed is once dammed also on the inlet side of the rod housing frame 11 on the downstream side, as shown in FIG.
The foundry sand introduced into the downstream crushing means 7 is crushed in the same manner as the upstream crushing means 7, exits from the outlet of the downstream crushing means 7, and falls below the screen 5. On the other hand, the aluminum piece is flattened and sent out from the crushing means 7 on the downstream side, sent out of the screen 5 and collected.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the crushing means 7 that accommodates the crushing rod 9 is provided over the entire width of the screen 5, so that most of the material to be crushed does not slip through the crushing rod 9 without fail. Pass through and be crushed reliably.
Further, since the crushing rod 9 made of a cylindrical body is used as a means for crushing or crushing the object to be crushed, it is in line contact with the object to be crushed as compared with the case where a sphere or the like is used. Since the contact area is large, crushing can be performed reliably.

Further, since the cylindrical body rotates in addition to the minute vertical movement by the vibration of the vibrating screen 3, the material to be crushed can be crushed with a new crushed surface at all times, so that the material to be crushed by passing through the crushed material adheres. Can be effectively prevented.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, since a plurality of crushing rods 9 in the moving direction of the screen 5 are accommodated in one crushing means 7, more reliable crushing is possible. In addition, since the plurality of crushing rods 9 are individually accommodated in the rubber inner frame body 37, the crushing rods 9 do not collide with each other, and the generation of noise can be suppressed.
In the present embodiment, since the crushing means 7 is provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the screen 5, the agglomerates of foundry sand that has not been crushed on the upstream side are reliably crushed on the downstream side. it can.

In this embodiment, an example in which two crushing rods 9 are housed in one rod housing frame 11 has been shown, but the number of crushing rods 9 housed in one rod housing frame 11 is one. Or three or more.
Moreover, when accommodating the three crushing rods 9 in one rod accommodating frame 11, two are arranged in a row in the width direction, and the other one is arranged upstream or downstream of these two. In such a case, if the other one is arranged so as to be positioned in the gap between the two, it is possible to more reliably prevent the object to be crushed from slipping through and to reliably pulverize it.

  In the present embodiment, the crushing means 7 are provided at two locations on the upstream side and the downstream side of the screen 5, but the number of crushing means 7 provided on the screen 5 is not limited. One or three or more may be sufficient.

In the above embodiment, agglomerates of foundry sand have been exemplified as the material to be crushed, but the material to be crushed and classified by the crushing and classifying apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to this, for example Covers oxide-based slag involving iron-based metals generated in steel smelting processes, crushed board parts installed in various electric products after use, or shredder dust from scrapped cars be able to.
However, since it is effective that the material to be crushed is crushed by the crushing rod, the size of the material to be crushed is small enough to enter under the crushing rod that moves up and down by vibration. Therefore, when oxide-based slag is used as a material to be crushed, it is desirable to perform a process of crushing into small pieces in advance.

It is a perspective view of the crushing and classifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the enlarged view seen from the direction shown by the arrow A in the figure in FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the crushing means in the crushing classification apparatus which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view of the crushing and classifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of the inner frame in the crushing classification apparatus which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is width direction sectional drawing of the inlet_port | entrance part in the crushing and classifying apparatus which concerns on one embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crushing and classifying device 3 Vibrating sieve 5 Screen 7 Crushing means 9 Crushing rod 11 Rod receiving frame 13 Body part 15 Support bar 17 Both-sides frame part 18 Support bar fixing bolt 19 Inlet side opening part 21 Outlet side opening part 23 Outer frame Main body 25 Outer frame lid 27 Inner frame 29 Support bar mounting piece 31 Opening portion 33 Rod protrusion prevention piece 35 Bolt 37 Inner frame main body 39 Inner frame bottom 41 Space portion 43 Upper frame 45 Side frame 47 Iron plate 49 Rubber plate 51 Stainless steel Wire mesh 53 Wall 55 Aggregate 57 Aluminum piece

Claims (6)

Having a crushing means for crushing a material to be crushed which is arranged on the screen of the vibrating sieve and moves on the screen;
The crushing means comprises a cylindrical crushing rod that crushes the material to be crushed, and a rod housing frame that accommodates the crushing rod.
The rod housing frame includes a box-shaped outer frame body having an inlet-side opening formed on the upstream side in the advancing direction of the screen and an outlet-side opening formed on the downstream side, and an upper opening. An outer frame lid that is installed so as to cover the upper opening, and an inner frame that is accommodated in the outer frame main body,
The inner frame is formed of a sound-absorbing member that reduces noise, and has an inner frame main body having a space for individually accommodating the crushing rod, and an inner frame bottom that forms the bottom of the inner frame main body. The bottom of the inner frame has a sound-absorbing member that reduces noise,
The crushing and classifying apparatus, wherein the material to be crushed moves on a screen and is introduced into the rod housing frame and is crushed by the crushing rod. The crushing and classifying apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a wall portion that rises upward from the bottom portion of the inner frame is provided at an outlet side opening of the outer frame main body .   The crushing and classifying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of crushing rods are accommodated in a moving direction of the screen.   A plurality of crushing rods are provided in the width direction of the screen, a plurality of crushing rods are provided in the moving direction of the screen, and the plurality of crushing rods provided in the moving direction are shifted from each other in the screen width direction. The crushing and classifying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein   The crushing and classifying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of crushing means are provided in a moving direction of the screen. The crushing and classifying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the crushing means is detachably attached to the vibrating sieve.

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