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JP4874466B2 - Hermetic compressor - Google Patents
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JP4874466B2 - Hermetic compressor - Google Patents

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JP4874466B2
JP4874466B2 JP2001032351A JP2001032351A JP4874466B2 JP 4874466 B2 JP4874466 B2 JP 4874466B2 JP 2001032351 A JP2001032351 A JP 2001032351A JP 2001032351 A JP2001032351 A JP 2001032351A JP 4874466 B2 JP4874466 B2 JP 4874466B2
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refrigerant
oil
refrigerating machine
machine oil
bearing
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JP2002235664A (en
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達也 杉田
好範 白藤
毅司 井沢
周二 茂木
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、冷媒として、炭化水素系冷媒を用いた密閉型圧縮機に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、例えば空調用の密閉型圧縮機には、冷媒としてHCFC冷媒であるR22が一般的に用いられてきた。そして、冷凍機油としては、40℃における動粘性係数が大略32〜68cSt程度の鉱油(ナフテン油、パラフィン油など)、アルキルベンゼン油、およびこれらの混合油などが用いられてきた。
【0003】
上記HCFC冷媒は、分子内に塩素基を有する為、冷媒が極圧剤としての効果を有し、図示しない圧縮機の摺動部が金属接触し、焼付きが発生し、圧縮機が運転不能になるのを未然に防ぐ作用をしていた。このため、HCFC冷媒を使用した圧縮機は摩耗量が少なく、軸受信頼性が高い。
【0004】
しかしながら、HCFC冷媒は、分子内に塩素基を含む為、高いオゾン破壊係数を持ち、大気中に放出された場合、地球の上空を覆うオゾン層を破壊するため、フロン規制の対象になっている。このようなオゾン層破壊に対する対策として、分子内に塩素基を含まないHFC冷媒を使用する対策が一般的に行われ、実用化されている。
しかし、HFC冷媒は、オゾン層破壊を抑制する効果はあるものの、自然界に無い安定した物質であり、空気中に放出された後に分解されにくい性質を有するため、自然破壊が危惧され、新たなフロン規制の対象になりつつある。
【0005】
また、HFC冷媒は、鉱油、アルキルベンゼン油などの従来HCFC冷媒で用いられてきた冷凍機油との相溶性が悪く、図示しない圧縮機への油戻りの悪化により、圧縮機内の油面低下を来して圧縮機の潤滑不良を招き、信頼性を低下させる問題がある。
また、冷媒の分子中に塩素基を含まない為、極圧剤としての効果が無く、一般的に、HCFC冷媒を使用した圧縮機に対して軸受信頼性は低下する。
この為、HFC冷媒と相溶性のあるエステル油、エーテル油等の合成油が用いられている。
【0006】
しかし、HFC冷媒は、地球温暖化係数が高く、地球環境保護の観点より代替が検討され、オゾン破壊係数が0であり、地球温暖化も引き起こさない自然冷媒である炭化水素冷媒(メタン、エタン、プロパン等)が検討されている。
炭化水素冷媒は、HFC冷媒とは逆に、鉱油、アルキルベンゼン油との相溶性が高い為、油戻り悪化による問題は無いが、溶解性が高過ぎる為、冷凍機油に液冷媒が溶け込み、粘度が下がり、軸受信頼性上必要な粘度以下となり、潤滑不良から磨耗や焼付きを来すという課題があった。
【0007】
なお、従来技術として、例えば特開平09−264619号公報には、高圧型圧縮機を用いて冷凍サイクルを構成する場合に、冷媒として炭化水素冷媒を用い、40℃における動粘度係数が46cSt以上の冷凍機油を用いる例が記載されている。しかしながら、40℃における動粘度係数が60cSt超える場合の特質については示唆されていない。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
以上のように、HFCに替わる冷凍サイクルを実現するための冷媒として環境にやさしい炭化水素系冷媒が注目されているが、この炭化水素系冷媒は冷凍機油への相溶性が高く、冷凍機油の動粘性係数が低下し過ぎるため軸受信頼性が低下するという課題があった。また炭化水素系冷媒は分子内に塩素基を含まない為、極圧剤としての効果が無く、鉱油、アルキルベンゼン油などの冷凍機油を使用したときに、摩耗量が増加し、軸受信頼性が低下するという課題もあった。
【0009】
本発明は、オゾン破壊係数が0であり、地球温暖化も引き起こさない自然冷媒である炭化水素冷媒を使用した場合においても、圧縮機の潤滑不良を防ぎ、圧縮機の摺動部における焼き付きや、磨耗量の増加を防いだ信頼性の高い密閉型圧縮機を提供することを目的としている。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明の密閉型圧縮機は、電動要素、摺動部を有する圧縮要素、冷凍機油、及び冷媒を密閉容器内に収容する密閉型圧縮機において、上記冷媒として、炭化水素を主成分とする冷媒を用い、上記冷凍機油として、パラフィン系鉱油、ナフテン系鉱油、およびアルキルベンゼン油の中から選ばれた単一物もしくは任意の2以上の混合油であって、40℃における動粘性係数が80〜200cStである冷凍機油を用い、上記冷凍機油に対し、極圧添加剤、または油性剤を250重量%の割合で配合し、上記冷凍機油が前記摺動部に供給されるものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
実施の形態1.
図1は本発明の実施の形態1である密閉型圧縮機を示す縦断面図である。図において、1は密閉容器、2は電動要素、3は冷凍機油、4は回転軸であるクランクシャフト、5、6はこのクランクシャフト4を支承する軸受、7はベーン、8はローリングピストンである。前記軸受5、及び軸受6は互いに対向するフランジ面部を有し、前記ベーン7、及びローリングピストン8はクランクシャフト4の回転により、いずれも軸受5、6のフランジ面部と摺動する。また、ベーン7はローリングピストン8に対して摺動する。9は各摺動部へ冷凍機油3を供給するオイルポンプである。
【0012】
なお、上記回転軸であるクランクシャフト4は、電動要素2の出力軸を兼ねている。また、クランクシャフト4、軸受5、6、ベーン7、ローリングピストン8、及びオイルポンプ9によって圧縮要素10が構成されている。
【0013】
上記のように構成された密閉型圧縮機は、何れも図示を省略する配管により凝縮器、膨張機構、蒸発器に順次接続され、更に前記蒸発器から密閉型圧縮機に戻る循環路が形成され、循環路内に冷媒が封入されて冷凍サイクルシステムを構成する。
圧縮機運転中、クランクシャフト4は回転し、その回転力により、オイルポンプ9より各摺動部へ冷凍機油3が送給され、クランクシャフト4、軸受5、6、ベーン7、ローリングピストン8の各摺動部は、冷凍機油を介して摺動する事により、磨耗量が最小限に抑制される。
【0014】
上記本発明の実施の形態1において、冷媒は、オゾン破壊係数が0であり、地球温暖化も引き起こさない自然冷媒である炭化水素系冷媒(メタン、エタン、プロパン等)が使用され、冷凍機油3として、40℃における動粘性係数が80〜200cStの油が使用される。
なお、本発明者らは上記した課題を解決する為に、炭化水素系冷媒を用いた系における冷凍機油の動粘性係数、添加剤の添加量等の特性について実験により鋭意検討を重ねた結果、冷凍機油単品の40℃における動粘性係数が80〜200cStの冷凍機油を用いることで、圧縮機運転時に、優れた軸受信頼性と、低い摺動損失を両立することができることを見い出し、この発明を完成させたものである。
【0015】
図2は、冷凍機油に冷媒が溶解した場合の冷媒溶解量に対する40℃における動粘性係数の関係を調べた結果を示す特性図である。図2において、曲線aは参考例、曲線bは比較例、曲線c〜fはこの発明の実施の形態1における実施例を示し、各曲線の内容を表1に示す。なお、表1に示す粘度(cSt)は何れの場合も冷凍機油に冷媒が溶解していない状態、即ち、冷媒溶解量=0wt%(重量パーセント)における値である。
【表1】

Figure 0004874466
【0016】
図2の曲線aと、曲線bとから明らかなように、冷媒溶解量が0wt%(重量%)時の動粘性係数は同じ(56cSt)でも、冷媒溶解量の増加に伴う動粘性係数の低下量は、曲線aで示す従来のR22(HCFC冷媒)に比べ、曲線bにて示すR290(炭化水素冷媒)の変化量は約2倍大きいので、冷媒溶解量が例えば20wt%の場合は、曲線aの9.6cStに対し、曲線bでは4.8cStと、粘度が半減する。
【0017】
これに対し、40℃における動粘性係数を80〜200cStに調整した冷凍機油を用いた場合は、曲線c、d、e、及びfに示すように、R22冷媒を用いた曲線aの場合よりも粘度の低下量が若干大きいものの、R22とほぼ同程度の動粘性係数を維持できる。
即ち、曲線c、d、e、及びfは、表1に示すように冷凍機油単体の40℃における動粘性係数が、それぞれ200、150、90、及び80cStに調整されたパラフィン系鉱油を用いた場合であるが、該冷凍機油に対するR290(プロパン)の溶解量が例えば20wt%時の動粘性係数は、それぞれ約16、13、8.0、及び7.4cStであり、優れた軸受信頼性と、低い摺動損失を両立させた圧縮機を得ることができた。
【0018】
図3は、この発明の実施の形態1における構成について、40℃における動粘性係数が異なる冷凍機油を用い、軸受磨耗量と、摺動損失との関係を実験によって求めた特性図である。なお、図3は冷媒としてR290(プロパン)、冷凍機油としてパラフィン系鉱油を用いた場合の例を示すが、これらに限定されるものではなく、冷媒としては炭化水素系の他の冷媒、例えばR50(メタン)、R170(エタン)、RC270(シクロプロパン)などを用い、あるいは冷凍機油として、例えばアルキルベンゼン、ナフテン系鉱油などを好ましく用いることができ、またこれらの任意の組み合わせとしても同様の効果が得られる。
【0019】
図2及び図3から明らかなように、実施の形態1による炭化水素系冷媒を用いた冷凍システムにおいては、40℃における動粘性係数が80〜200cStの冷凍機油を用いることで軸受など摺動部の摩耗量が少なく、且つ摺動損失の小さい信頼性の高い密閉型圧縮機を得ることができる。なお、40℃における動粘性係数が80cStより小さいと軸受摩耗量が大きくなり、また200cStより大きくなると摺動損失が急上昇し、圧縮機に発生する入力値が上昇し、製品の電力量が上昇するので、80〜200cStの範囲とすることが好ましい。なお、前記動粘性係数が90〜150cStの冷凍機油を用いた場合にはさらに信頼性の高い密閉型圧縮機を得ることができる。しかして軸受信頼性と摺動損失抑制を両立した密閉型圧縮機を得ることができる。
【0020】
発明の実施の形態2.
冷凍機油に対し、極圧添加剤、または油性剤を0.5〜90重量%の割合で配合したほかは上記実施の形態1と同様の構成の密閉型圧縮機を得た。なお、ここで例えば冷凍機油に対し、添加剤を90重量%配合する場合においては、冷凍機油10gに対し、添加剤が90gの割合で配合される。
【0021】
なお、上記極圧添加剤としては、例えば公知のオレフィンポリサルファイド、硫化油脂、塩素化パラフィン、及びアルキルりん酸エステルの1種、または任意の2種以上の混合物などを挙げることができるが、これらのみに限定されるものではない。
また、上記油性剤としては、公知の例えばステアリン酸系油性剤、脂肪族アミン系油性剤、エステル系油性剤などを好ましく用いることができるが、これらのみに限定されるものではない。
【0022】
炭化水素冷媒は、塩素基による極圧効果が無い為、冷凍機油の中に極圧添加剤及び油性剤などの添加剤を配合して用いることにより、軸受耐力を改善できることが知られている。従来の構成で十分な極圧効果を継続的に得るには、冷凍機油に対し極圧添加剤の量を0.5重量%以上添加する必要がある。その一方で、HCFC冷媒やHFC冷媒の場合、極圧添加剤の量を多くすると、スラッジの生成量が多くなり、生成したスラッジが冷媒回路内の毛細管やドライヤーを閉塞させ冷却不良を引き起こす恐れがあり添加剤の量を0.5重量%以上にするのは困難であったものである。
【0023】
しかしながら、この発明の実施の形態2によれば、上記のように従来の一般的な添加剤の配合量から逸脱した多量の添加剤を加えてもスラッジの生成が認められず、圧縮機運転時に更に優れた軸受信頼性と、スラッジの不生成による信頼性確保を両立した密閉型圧縮機を得ることが出来た。
本発明者らの実験によれば、炭化水素冷媒は生成されたスラッジを溶解する特性に優れており、この実施の形態2のように冷凍機油に多量の添加剤を配合して用いた場合においても、生成されるはずのスラッジが析出されないことが確認されたものである。なお、冷凍機油に対する添加剤の配合量を90重量%以上添加することは、実用上、生産性が難しい。
【0024】
冷凍機油に対する上記極圧添加剤または油性剤からなる添加剤の好ましい配合量は、0.5〜90重量%であるが、前記配合量を2〜50重量%とした場合には、さらに信頼性の高い密閉型圧縮機を得ることができる。ここで、前記配合量を2重量%以上とした場合には、極圧効果の継続的な持続と、スラッジの不生成による信頼性確保を両立させることが、より確実となり、また、前記配合量を50重量%以下とすることにより、実用上の溶解性が良好で、生産性をさらに好ましく確保できる。
【0025】
発明の実施の形態3.
図4はこの発明の実施の形態3である密閉型ロータリー圧縮機を示す断面図である。図において、11はクランクシャフト4を支承する軸受メタルである。その他の符号は図1に示す実施の形態1と同様であるので説明を省略する。
なお、この実施の形態3において、冷媒としては炭化水素系冷媒、特に好ましくはプロパンなどが用いられ、冷凍機油3としては40℃における動粘性係数が80〜200cStである冷凍機油、特に好ましくは40℃における動粘性係数が90〜150cStのパラフィン系鉱油が用いられる。
【0026】
図4のように構成された本発明の実施の形態3に係る密閉型ロータリー圧縮機においては、冷凍機油3として、40℃における動粘性係数が80〜200cStである冷凍機油を用い、かつ回転軸4の軸受に軸受メタル11を使用しているので、冷媒として極圧効果のない炭化水素冷媒を使用し、冷凍機油への冷媒の溶け込み量が多くなって低粘度になった場合でも、境界潤滑での優れた軸受特性を有し、メカロックによる圧縮機の破損を未然に防いだ軸受信頼性に優れた信頼性の高い密閉型圧縮機を提供することができる。
なお、上記メタル軸受11としては、例えばアルミ、銅などを材料とした一般的な軸受メタルを用いることができる。
【0027】
発明の実施の形態4.
上記実施の形態1ないし3では、この発明をロータリー型圧縮機に用いる場合について説明したが、これに限定されるものではなく、例えばスクロール圧縮機、レシプロ式圧縮機など他の方式の圧縮機でも同様の効果が期待できる。
たとえば、実施の形態3における軸受メタル11はロータリ圧縮機でなくても同様の効果が期待できる。
さらに、上記冷凍機油に所望により公知の酸化防止剤、粘度指数向上剤などを加えても差し支えない。
また、この発明の密閉型圧縮機を空調装置に用いる場合について説明したが、必ずしもこれに限定されるものではなく、ヒートポンプシステムを利用するものであれば、他の装置、システム、例えば除湿機、パネルクーラー、冷蔵庫、冷凍庫等に用いることができることは当然である。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
この発明は、以上説明したように構成しているので、以下のような効果を奏する。
【0029】
冷媒として、炭化水素系冷媒を用い、冷凍機油として、パラフィン系鉱油、ナフテン系鉱油、およびアルキルベンゼン油の中から選ばれた単一物もしくは任意の2以上の混合油であって、40℃における動粘性係数が80〜200cStの冷凍機油を用い、冷凍機油に対し、極圧添加剤、または油性剤を250重量%の割合で配合し、冷凍機油が摺動部に供給されることにより、軸受信頼性と摺動損失の抑制を両立させた密閉型圧縮機を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 この発明の
実施の形態1に係わる密閉型圧縮機の断面図である。
【図2】 この発明の実施の形態1に係わる冷凍機油について、冷媒溶解量と動粘性係数との関係を調べた結果を、従来例と比較して示す特性図である。
【図3】 この発明の実施の形態1に係わる冷凍機油単体の40℃における動粘性係数に対する軸受磨耗量と摺動損失の関係を示す特性図である。
【図4】 この発明の実施の形態3に係わる密閉型ロータリ圧縮機の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 密閉容器
2 電動要素
3 冷凍機油、
4 クランクシャフト、
5 軸受、
6 軸受、
10圧縮要素、
11 軸受メタル、[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hermetic compressor using a hydrocarbon refrigerant as a refrigerant.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, for example, R22, which is an HCFC refrigerant, has been generally used as a refrigerant in a hermetic compressor for air conditioning. As the refrigerating machine oil, mineral oil (naphthenic oil, paraffin oil, etc.) having a kinematic viscosity coefficient at 40 ° C. of about 32 to 68 cSt, alkylbenzene oil, and mixed oils thereof have been used.
[0003]
Since the HCFC refrigerant has a chlorine group in the molecule, the refrigerant has an effect as an extreme pressure agent, a sliding portion of a compressor (not shown) comes into metal contact, seizure occurs, and the compressor cannot be operated. It acted to prevent it from happening. For this reason, the compressor using the HCFC refrigerant has a small amount of wear and high bearing reliability.
[0004]
However, since HCFC refrigerant contains chlorine groups in its molecule, it has a high ozone depletion coefficient, and when released into the atmosphere, it destroys the ozone layer that covers the earth's sky, and is therefore subject to Freon regulation. . As a countermeasure against such ozone layer destruction, a countermeasure using an HFC refrigerant that does not contain a chlorine group in the molecule is generally taken and put into practical use.
However, although HFC refrigerant has the effect of suppressing the destruction of the ozone layer, it is a stable substance that does not exist in nature and has the property of being difficult to be decomposed after being released into the air. It is becoming subject to regulation.
[0005]
In addition, HFC refrigerants have poor compatibility with refrigerating machine oils used in conventional HCFC refrigerants such as mineral oil and alkylbenzene oil, and the oil level in the compressor is lowered due to the deterioration of oil return to the compressor (not shown). As a result, there is a problem that the lubrication of the compressor is poor and the reliability is lowered.
In addition, since the chlorine molecules are not included in the refrigerant molecules, there is no effect as an extreme pressure agent, and the bearing reliability is generally lowered with respect to a compressor using an HCFC refrigerant.
For this reason, synthetic oils such as ester oils and ether oils compatible with HFC refrigerants are used.
[0006]
However, HFC refrigerants have a high global warming potential, and alternatives have been studied from the viewpoint of protecting the global environment. Ozone depletion potential is 0, and hydrocarbon refrigerants (methane, ethane, Propane etc.) are being studied.
Contrary to HFC refrigerant, hydrocarbon refrigerant is highly compatible with mineral oil and alkylbenzene oil, so there is no problem due to deterioration of oil return, but because the solubility is too high, liquid refrigerant dissolves in refrigeration oil and viscosity is high. There was a problem that the viscosity decreased below the viscosity required for bearing reliability, and caused wear and seizure due to poor lubrication.
[0007]
As a conventional technique, for example, in JP 09-264619A, when a refrigeration cycle is configured using a high-pressure compressor, a hydrocarbon refrigerant is used as a refrigerant, and a kinematic viscosity coefficient at 40 ° C. is 46 cSt or more. An example using refrigeration oil is described. However, the characteristics when the kinematic viscosity coefficient at 40 ° C. exceeds 60 cSt are not suggested.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, environmentally friendly hydrocarbon refrigerants are attracting attention as refrigerants for realizing a refrigeration cycle that replaces HFC. However, these hydrocarbon refrigerants are highly compatible with refrigerating machine oils, There was a problem that the bearing reliability was lowered because the viscosity coefficient was too low. Also, hydrocarbon refrigerants do not contain chlorine groups in the molecule, so they are not effective as extreme pressure agents, and when using refrigeration oils such as mineral oil and alkylbenzene oil, the amount of wear increases and bearing reliability decreases. There was also a problem to do.
[0009]
The present invention prevents the poor lubrication of the compressor even when using a hydrocarbon refrigerant that is a natural refrigerant that has an ozone depletion coefficient of 0 and does not cause global warming. An object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable hermetic compressor that prevents an increase in the amount of wear.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A hermetic compressor according to the present invention is a hermetic compressor that houses an electric element, a compressing element having a sliding portion, a refrigerating machine oil, and a refrigerant in a hermetic container. And the above refrigerating machine oil is a single substance selected from paraffinic mineral oil, naphthenic mineral oil, and alkylbenzene oil, or any two or more mixed oils, and has a kinematic viscosity coefficient at 80 ° C. of 80 to 200 cSt. The refrigerating machine oil is used, the extreme pressure additive or the oily agent is blended in the ratio of 2 to 50% by weight with respect to the refrigerating machine oil, and the refrigerating machine oil is supplied to the sliding portion .
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a hermetic compressor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a sealed container, 2 is an electric element, 3 is refrigeration oil, 4 is a crankshaft which is a rotating shaft, 5 and 6 are bearings for supporting the crankshaft 4, 7 is a vane, and 8 is a rolling piston. . The bearing 5 and the bearing 6 have flange surface portions facing each other, and the vane 7 and the rolling piston 8 slide with the flange surface portions of the bearings 5 and 6 as the crankshaft 4 rotates. The vane 7 slides with respect to the rolling piston 8. 9 is an oil pump for supplying the refrigerating machine oil 3 to each sliding part.
[0012]
The crankshaft 4 serving as the rotating shaft also serves as the output shaft of the electric element 2. The crankshaft 4, the bearings 5 and 6, the vane 7, the rolling piston 8, and the oil pump 9 constitute a compression element 10.
[0013]
Each of the hermetic compressors configured as described above is sequentially connected to a condenser, an expansion mechanism, and an evaporator by piping (not shown), and a circulation path is formed from the evaporator to the hermetic compressor. The refrigerant is sealed in the circulation path to constitute a refrigeration cycle system.
During the operation of the compressor, the crankshaft 4 is rotated, and by the rotational force, the refrigerating machine oil 3 is fed from the oil pump 9 to each sliding portion, and the crankshaft 4, the bearings 5 and 6, the vane 7, and the rolling piston 8 Each sliding part is slid through the refrigerating machine oil, so that the amount of wear is minimized.
[0014]
In Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the refrigerant is a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant (methane, ethane, propane, etc.) that is a natural refrigerant that has an ozone depletion coefficient of 0 and does not cause global warming. As an example, an oil having a kinematic viscosity coefficient at 40 ° C. of 80 to 200 cSt is used.
In addition, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies by experiments on characteristics such as the kinematic viscosity coefficient of refrigerating machine oil and the amount of additive added in a system using a hydrocarbon refrigerant, By using a refrigerating machine oil having a kinematic viscosity coefficient of 80 to 200 cSt at 40 ° C. of a single refrigerating machine oil, it has been found that both excellent bearing reliability and low sliding loss can be achieved during compressor operation. It has been completed.
[0015]
FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of examining the relationship of the kinematic viscosity coefficient at 40 ° C. with respect to the refrigerant dissolution amount when the refrigerant is dissolved in the refrigeration oil. In FIG. 2, curve a is a reference example, curve b is a comparative example, curves cf are examples in the first embodiment of the present invention, and the contents of each curve are shown in Table 1. In all cases, the viscosity (cSt) shown in Table 1 is a value when the refrigerant is not dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil, that is, the refrigerant dissolution amount = 0 wt% (weight percent).
[Table 1]
Figure 0004874466
[0016]
As is clear from the curves a and b in FIG. 2, even when the kinematic viscosity coefficient when the refrigerant dissolution amount is 0 wt% (weight%) is the same (56 cSt), the kinematic viscosity coefficient decreases as the refrigerant dissolution amount increases. The amount of change in R290 (hydrocarbon refrigerant) indicated by curve b is approximately twice as large as that of conventional R22 (HCFC refrigerant) indicated by curve a. The viscosity of the curve b is halved to 4.8 cSt compared to 9.6 cSt of a.
[0017]
On the other hand, when using refrigeration oil whose kinematic viscosity coefficient at 40 ° C. is adjusted to 80 to 200 cSt, as shown by curves c, d, e, and f, compared to the case of curve a using R22 refrigerant. Although the amount of decrease in viscosity is slightly large, a kinematic viscosity coefficient substantially the same as that of R22 can be maintained.
That is, as shown in Table 1, the curves c, d, e, and f used paraffinic mineral oils whose kinematic viscosity coefficients at 40 ° C. of the refrigeration oil alone were adjusted to 200, 150, 90, and 80 cSt, respectively. However, when the amount of R290 (propane) dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil is, for example, 20 wt%, the kinematic viscosity coefficients are about 16, 13, 8.0, and 7.4 cSt, respectively. Thus, it was possible to obtain a compressor that achieved both low sliding loss.
[0018]
FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram for the configuration according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in which refrigeration oil having a different kinematic viscosity coefficient at 40 ° C. is used, and the relationship between the bearing wear amount and the sliding loss is obtained by experiments. FIG. 3 shows an example in which R290 (propane) is used as the refrigerant and paraffinic mineral oil is used as the refrigerating machine oil. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and the refrigerant may be another hydrocarbon-based refrigerant, for example, R50. (Methane), R170 (ethane), RC270 (cyclopropane), etc., or as refrigeration oil, for example, alkylbenzene, naphthenic mineral oil, etc. can be preferably used, and the same effect can be obtained by any combination thereof. It is done.
[0019]
As is clear from FIGS. 2 and 3, in the refrigeration system using the hydrocarbon-based refrigerant according to the first embodiment, a sliding part such as a bearing is obtained by using refrigeration oil having a kinematic viscosity coefficient at 40 ° C. of 80 to 200 cSt. Thus, it is possible to obtain a highly reliable hermetic compressor with a small amount of wear and a small sliding loss. When the kinematic viscosity coefficient at 40 ° C. is smaller than 80 cSt, the amount of bearing wear increases, and when it exceeds 200 cSt, the sliding loss increases rapidly, the input value generated in the compressor increases, and the power consumption of the product increases. Therefore, it is preferable to set it as the range of 80-200 cSt. In addition, when a refrigerating machine oil having a kinematic viscosity coefficient of 90 to 150 cSt is used, a more reliable hermetic compressor can be obtained. Thus, it is possible to obtain a hermetic compressor that achieves both bearing reliability and sliding loss suppression.
[0020]
Embodiment 2 of the Invention
A hermetic compressor having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment was obtained except that the extreme pressure additive or the oily agent was blended at a ratio of 0.5 to 90% by weight with respect to the refrigerating machine oil. Here, for example, when 90% by weight of the additive is blended with the refrigerating machine oil, the additive is blended at a ratio of 90g with respect to 10g of the refrigerating machine oil.
[0021]
Examples of the extreme pressure additive include known olefin polysulfides, sulfurized fats and oils, chlorinated paraffins, and alkyl phosphate esters, or a mixture of any two or more thereof. It is not limited to.
As the oily agent, known stearic acid oily agents, aliphatic amine oily agents, ester oily agents and the like can be preferably used, but are not limited thereto.
[0022]
Since the hydrocarbon refrigerant has no extreme pressure effect due to the chlorine group, it is known that the bearing strength can be improved by blending and using an additive such as an extreme pressure additive and an oily agent in the refrigerating machine oil. In order to continuously obtain a sufficient extreme pressure effect with the conventional configuration, it is necessary to add 0.5 wt% or more of the extreme pressure additive to the refrigerating machine oil. On the other hand, in the case of HCFC refrigerant or HFC refrigerant, if the amount of the extreme pressure additive is increased, the amount of sludge generated increases, and the generated sludge may block capillaries and dryers in the refrigerant circuit and cause poor cooling. It is difficult to increase the amount of the additive to 0.5% by weight or more.
[0023]
However, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, as described above, even when a large amount of additive deviating from the conventional general additive compounding amount is added, no sludge is generated, and the compressor is in operation. In addition, a hermetic compressor that achieves both excellent bearing reliability and reliability due to non-sludge generation could be obtained.
According to the experiments by the present inventors, the hydrocarbon refrigerant is excellent in the property of dissolving the generated sludge, and in the case where a large amount of additive is blended with the refrigerating machine oil as in the second embodiment, it is used. Also, it was confirmed that sludge that should be generated is not deposited. In addition, it is practically difficult to add 90% by weight or more of the additive to the refrigerating machine oil.
[0024]
The preferred blending amount of the above extreme pressure additive or oil-based additive with respect to the refrigerating machine oil is 0.5 to 90% by weight. However, when the blending amount is 2 to 50% by weight, the reliability is further improved. A high hermetic type compressor can be obtained. Here, when the blending amount is 2% by weight or more, it is more reliable to achieve both continuous maintenance of extreme pressure effect and ensuring reliability by non-sludge generation, and the blending amount By setting the content to 50% by weight or less, practical solubility is good, and productivity can be more preferably ensured.
[0025]
Embodiment 3 of the Invention
4 is a sectional view showing a hermetic rotary compressor according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 11 denotes a bearing metal that supports the crankshaft 4. Other reference numerals are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
In Embodiment 3, a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant, particularly preferably propane, is used as the refrigerant, and the refrigerating machine oil 3 is a refrigerating machine oil having a kinematic viscosity coefficient of 80 to 200 cSt at 40 ° C., particularly preferably 40. Paraffinic mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity coefficient at 90 ° C. of 90 to 150 cSt is used.
[0026]
In the hermetic rotary compressor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention configured as shown in FIG. 4, a refrigerating machine oil having a kinematic viscosity coefficient at 40 ° C. of 80 to 200 cSt is used as the refrigerating machine oil 3, and the rotating shaft Since the bearing metal 11 is used for the bearing No. 4, a hydrocarbon refrigerant having no extreme pressure effect is used as the refrigerant, and even when the amount of refrigerant dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil increases and the viscosity becomes low, boundary lubrication Therefore, it is possible to provide a highly reliable hermetic compressor having excellent bearing characteristics and excellent bearing reliability in which the compressor is prevented from being damaged by a mechanical lock.
As the metal bearing 11, a general bearing metal made of, for example, aluminum or copper can be used.
[0027]
Embodiment 4 of the Invention
In the first to third embodiments, the case where the present invention is used for a rotary compressor has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other types of compressors such as a scroll compressor and a reciprocating compressor may be used. Similar effects can be expected.
For example, the same effect can be expected even if the bearing metal 11 in the third embodiment is not a rotary compressor.
Furthermore, a known antioxidant or viscosity index improver may be added to the above refrigerating machine oil as desired.
Moreover, although the case where the hermetic compressor of the present invention is used for an air conditioner has been described, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto, and other devices, systems such as a dehumidifier, as long as a heat pump system is used. Of course, it can be used for panel coolers, refrigerators, freezers, and the like.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
[0029]
A hydrocarbon-based refrigerant is used as a refrigerant, and a refrigeration oil is a single substance selected from paraffinic mineral oil, naphthenic mineral oil, and alkylbenzene oil, or any two or more mixed oils. By using a refrigerating machine oil having a viscosity coefficient of 80 to 200 cSt, an extreme pressure additive or an oily agent is blended in a ratio of 2 to 50 % by weight with respect to the refrigerating machine oil, and the refrigerating machine oil is supplied to the sliding portion . It is possible to provide a hermetic compressor that achieves both bearing reliability and suppression of sliding loss.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a hermetic compressor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of examining the relationship between the refrigerant dissolution amount and the kinematic viscosity coefficient for the refrigerating machine oil according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in comparison with a conventional example.
FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between a bearing wear amount and a sliding loss with respect to a kinematic viscosity coefficient at 40 ° C. of the refrigeration oil alone according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a hermetic rotary compressor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Airtight container 2 Electric element 3 Refrigerating machine oil
4 Crankshaft,
5 bearings,
6 bearings,
10 compression elements,
11 Bearing metal,

Claims (2)

電動要素、摺動部を有する圧縮要素、冷凍機油、及び冷媒を密閉容器内に収容する密閉型圧縮機において、上記冷媒として、炭化水素を主成分とする冷媒を用い、上記冷凍機油として、パラフィン系鉱油、ナフテン系鉱油、およびアルキルベンゼン油の中から選ばれた単一物もしくは任意の2以上の混合油であって、40℃における動粘性係数が80〜200cStである冷凍機油を用い、上記冷凍機油に対し、極圧添加剤、または油性剤を250重量%の割合で配合し、上記冷凍機油が前記摺動部に供給されることを特徴とする密閉型圧縮機。An electric element, a compression element having a sliding portion, a refrigerating machine oil, and a hermetic compressor that houses a refrigerant in a hermetic container, wherein the refrigerant is a refrigerant mainly composed of hydrocarbon, and the refrigerating machine oil is paraffin. Using a refrigerating machine oil having a kinematic viscosity coefficient of 80 to 200 cSt at 40 ° C., which is a single oil selected from a base mineral oil, a naphthenic mineral oil, and an alkylbenzene oil, or any two or more mixed oils A hermetic compressor, wherein an extreme pressure additive or an oily agent is blended in an amount of 2 to 50% by weight with respect to the machine oil, and the refrigerating machine oil is supplied to the sliding portion . 電動要素または圧縮要素は、回転軸を支承する軸受を備え、この軸受として、軸受メタルを用いてなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の密閉型圧縮機。  2. The hermetic compressor according to claim 1, wherein the electric element or the compression element includes a bearing for supporting the rotating shaft, and a bearing metal is used as the bearing.
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JP5318358B2 (en) * 2007-03-27 2013-10-16 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant and refrigerating machine system using the same
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