JP4878411B2 - Acrylic polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group at the molecular end - Google Patents
Acrylic polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group at the molecular end Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4878411B2 JP4878411B2 JP2000291345A JP2000291345A JP4878411B2 JP 4878411 B2 JP4878411 B2 JP 4878411B2 JP 2000291345 A JP2000291345 A JP 2000291345A JP 2000291345 A JP2000291345 A JP 2000291345A JP 4878411 B2 JP4878411 B2 JP 4878411B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- meth
- compound
- acrylic acid
- acrylic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 title claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 77
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical group OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical group CC(O)COC(=O)C=C GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical group OCCCCOC(=O)C=C NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 36
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 25
- 229940048053 acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 25
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 7
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010571 fourier transform-infrared absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002928 artificial marble Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FZHCFNGSGGGXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenocene Chemical class [Ru+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 FZHCFNGSGGGXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCMVPOVMOHQFKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(aziridin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CC1 SCMVPOVMOHQFKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDRZFSPCVYEJTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylcyclohexene Chemical compound C=CC1=CCCCC1 SDRZFSPCVYEJTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWOLZNVIRIHJHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCS GWOLZNVIRIHJHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIVVKKOTAISCNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(S)CS AIVVKKOTAISCNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPGYCJUCJYUHTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yloxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C DPGYCJUCJYUHTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHBAYNMEIXUTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical group ClCCOC(=O)C=C WHBAYNMEIXUTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQBSIHIZDSHADD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C=CC1=NCCO1 BQBSIHIZDSHADD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMEVYZZCEGUONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound CC1CN=C(C=C)O1 HMEVYZZCEGUONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBNXPWYPEFJHSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropanethioic S-acid 2-sulfanylpropanoic acid Chemical compound C(C(O)C)(=S)O.SC(C(=O)O)C KBNXPWYPEFJHSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDSHPFREJVIDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl trimethyl silicate Chemical compound COCCO[Si](OC)(OC)OC PDSHPFREJVIDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003504 2-oxazolinyl group Chemical group O1C(=NCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- LPIQIQPLUVLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=NCCO1 LPIQIQPLUVLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLALYORXOGLYAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NLALYORXOGLYAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REEBWSYYNPPSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(4-formylphenoxy)methyl]thiophene-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1OCC1=C(C#N)SC=C1 REEBWSYYNPPSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSFDFESMVAIVKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-sulfanylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(S)=C1 RSFDFESMVAIVKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQPNXPWEGVCPCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-sulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CC(S)CC(O)=O RQPNXPWEGVCPCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMJXSOYPAOSIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-sulfanylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(S)C=C1 LMJXSOYPAOSIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTRIDVOOPAQEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-sulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCS DTRIDVOOPAQEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100379079 Emericella variicolor andA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBERUNDDXQSTKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N SC(C(=O)O)CC.SC(C(=O)O)CC Chemical compound SC(C(=O)O)CC.SC(C(=O)O)CC NBERUNDDXQSTKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000944 Soxhlet extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical group [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940114077 acrylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004069 aziridinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007869 azo polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006226 butoxyethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PESYEWKSBIWTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;titanium(2+) Chemical compound [Ti+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 PESYEWKSBIWTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDASTKMEQGPVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;zirconium(2+) Chemical class [Zr+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 IDASTKMEQGPVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006232 ethoxy propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005448 ethoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBQRWNWVPQDTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCN=C=O RBQRWNWVPQDTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBVMBXTYMSRUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enyl-3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCC=C UBVMBXTYMSRUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(S)C(O)=O NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、塗料、接着剤及び成型材料などに有用な分子末端に重合性不飽和基を有するアクリル系重合体に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
単量体を重合して得られる重合体の分子末端に重合性不飽和基を有するオリゴマー又はポリマーは、マクロモノマーと呼ばれ、塗料、接着剤、成型材料等に幅広く利用されている。このマクロモノマーの製造法として、イオン重合やラジカル重合が知られているが、マクロモノマーの主鎖の構成が、アクリル系単量体を主成分とする場合、通常、ラジカル重合により末端に官能基を有するプレポリマーを調製した後、その官能基と反応性を有する化合物を反応させて製造される。
【0003】
より具体的には、アクリル系単量体、アゾ系開始剤又は過酸化物系開始剤、連鎖移動剤としてメルカプト酢酸を用いて重合を行い、分子末端にカルボキシル基を有するプレポリマーを調製し、そのカルボキシル基とグリシジルメタクリレートを反応させる方法や、アクリル系単量体、アゾ系開始剤又は過酸化物系開始剤、連鎖移動剤としてメルカプトエタノールを用いて重合を行い、分子末端に水酸基を有するプレポリマーを調製し、その水酸基と2-イソシアネートエチルメタクリレートを反応させる方法等がある。
【0004】
これらの官能基を有するメルカプタン類を連鎖移動剤としてプレポリマーを調製する方法は、通常、溶液重合で行われており、重合温度、ラジカル重合開始剤量、ラジカル連鎖移動剤としての有機溶剤やメルカプタン類などの使用量あるいは種類を適宜調整することにより、重合速度、発熱制御等の重合反応の制御、及び、分子量や分子量分布等のポリマー分子設計を行っている。この方法で得られる重合体の分子末端は、ラジカル重合開始剤として用いた化合物、若しくは、連鎖移動剤として用いた化合物、連鎖移動した際の溶剤化合物などの残基が結合しているか、または、不均化停止した際の不飽和基を有することとなる。つまり、得られる重合体は、末端基までは充分に制御できておらず、種々の末端基を有す重合体の混合物となってしまう。
【0005】
このため、これら従来のプレポリマーを調製する方法では、重合性不飽和基が導入されていない分子が得られたり、重合性不飽和基が設計通りに導入されない分子が得られてしまう。この様なマクロモノマーを、塗料、接着剤及び成型材料などの原料として用いた場合、設計通りの物性が得られないことが多い。
【0006】
また、プレポリマーの調製法として、乳化重合及び懸濁重合の水系ラジカル重合法が知られているが、乳化重合又は懸濁重合の場合、プレポリマーの重合後、分散媒である水から分離するための沈殿、濾過、洗浄、乾燥、プレポリマーの官能基と反応性を有する化合物を反応させるための溶剤への溶解などの操作が必要であり、工程が煩雑となる。
【0007】
さらに、プレポリマーの調製法として、塊状重合法が知られている。塊状重合法は、溶媒及び分散媒を使用しないことから有機溶剤、水、分散剤、乳化剤などを用いる必要がなく、重合に関与する有機溶剤のような不純物を含まないので、反応系が簡潔となるばかりでなく、得られる重合体中に乳化剤や分散剤などの不純物の混入がなく、さらには目的のプレポリマーを得るために、分散媒の除去も不要である。
【0008】
しかしながら、一般に、塊状重合法では、重合反応速度が著しく速く、事実上この塊状重合法を制御することはきわめて困難である。また、重合速度が制御できずに高温度で生成した重合体は、不均化停止により分子の末端基が不安定な状態となったり、低分子量体化したり、逆に先に生成していた重合体からの水素引き抜きなどにより、重合体の分岐化やゲル化が起こりやすい。このため重合体の分子量、分子量分布などの分子設計が困難になることはもとより、重合体の分岐化や不均化停止末端などの生成などにより、明確な分子構造の設計が困難となる。さらに、ゲル化物が急激にかつ大量に生成することがあり、最悪の場合、反応物の温度上昇を抑止できなくなり爆発の危険すらある。
【0009】
アクリル系単量体の中でも、メタクリル酸メチルは、比較的重合速度が遅いという特性を有していることから、塊状重合によっても反応制御が可能であり、古くからその制御法は検討がなされており、分子量、分子量分布を制御するために、連鎖移動剤としてメルカプタンが使用されている。重合開始は、アゾ系重合開始剤又は過酸化物系重合開始剤の添加、もしくは、高温での熱開始重合を利用している。このため、これらの反応で得られる重合体には、重合開始剤由来の化合物が重合体末端に結合しているか、または、熱開始重合の場合には重合体単量体の過酸化物由来の化合物が末端に結合した重合体が含まれるようになり、末端に結合してる化合物の厳密な制御ができていない。
【0010】
また、こうしたメルカプタンを用いた塊状重合反応では、重合中におけるメルカプタン消費速度と、開始剤の消費速度が等速に成らず、重合中にメルカプタンが消費され尽くしても開始剤が反応系に残存している為に、均一に反応を制御することが困難であることが多く、また、塊状重合に供されるモノマーにも制限がある。
【0011】
このような理由から、充分に末端を制御した重合体を得るための重合方法や重合触媒や重合開始剤が、必要とされている。
【0012】
ところで、重合反応は使用するモノマーによって触媒が異なり、例えばエチレン等の重合触媒としてチタノセンのようなメタロセン化合物が用いられているが、このメタロセン化合物は、光重合において増感剤と共に使用することを除けば、このメタロセン化合物はα-オレフィン以外のモノマーの重合触媒として使用することはほとんど知られていない。特開平9-5996号公報には、付加重合可能なエチレン性不飽和二重結合を少なくとも1個有する化合物並びに光重合開始系としてチタノセン化合物および該チタノセン化合物を増感し得る増感剤とを含む光重合組成物において、該組成物がさらに、複素環式チオール化合物を含有するものである光重合性組成物の発明が開示されている。この公報に開示されている発明では、チタノセン化合物は光重合触媒として使用されているのであり、チタノセン化合物を塊状重合の触媒として使用することに関する記載はない。また、この公報に記載されている複素環式チオール化合物は、可視光増感剤である。
【0013】
一般に、チタノセン化合物のようなメタロセン化合物において、硫黄含有化合物は、メタロセン化合物の触媒作用を低減させる化合物であり、上記のように可視光増感剤のような特定の作用効果を示す化合物として硫黄含有化合物を使用することは触媒としてのメタロセン化合物の使用に際しては極めて例外的な使用方法である。即ち、一般には硫黄含有化合物は、触媒としてのメタロセン化合物に対しては触媒毒となる化合物であり、従って、硫黄化合物を、メタロセン化合物を触媒とする反応系に添加されることは好ましくないとされている。
【0014】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、乳化剤又は分散剤などを含まず、分子末端に溶剤化合物残基やアゾ系及び過酸化物系などの従来公知の開始剤残基が無く、分子末端が確実に重合性不飽和基であるアクリル系重合体を提供することである
【0015】
【課題を解決する手段】
本発明の重合性不飽和基を分子末端に有するアクリル系重合体は、重合開始剤として分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物を用いた塊状重合により得られるアクリル系プレポリマーと、分子内に水酸基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物又は分子内にエポキシ基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物とを用い、それらを反応させることにより得られるが、アクリル系プレポリマーを調製する際に、重合開始剤として分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物を用いることにより、得られる重合体の分子末端に従来公知のアゾ系開始剤又は過酸化物系開始剤等に由来する開始剤残基を有することなく、窒素雰囲気下での塊状重合であるため、重合体が着色したり、乳化重合及び懸濁重合における乳化剤又は分散剤を含まず、溶液重合における溶剤化合物残基が分子末端に導入されることがない。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明による分子末端に重合性不飽和基を有することを特徴とするアクリル系重合体と下記[I]式で表される金属化合物との混合物の実施の形態について説明する。
本発明によるこのアクリル系重合体は、不活性ガス雰囲気下に、重合開始剤として分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物を用い、かつ、アゾ系開始剤および過酸化物系開始剤を用いずに、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルを主成分とする重合性単量体を塊状重合させてなり(ただし、前記重合性単量体の不飽和基モル数100に対して、前記分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物は0.01〜100モルの範囲内にある)、GPCによる数平均分子量が500以上100,000以下であるアクリル系プレポリマーと、
(メタ)アクリル酸−2−ヒドロキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸−3−ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸−2−ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸−4−ヒドロキシブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリプロピレングリコールよりなる群から選ばれる1種以上の分子内に水酸基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物とを反応させて得られる(ただし、前記分子内に水酸基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物の水酸基のモル数が、前記アクリル系プレポリマーのカルボキシル基のモル数100モルに対して、100〜120モルである)。
また、本発明によるこのアクリル系重合体は、不活性ガス雰囲気下に、重合開始剤として分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物、および触媒として下記[I]式で表される金属化合物を用い、かつ、アゾ系開始剤および過酸化物系開始剤を用いずに、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルを主成分とする重合性単量体を塊状重合させてなり(ただし、前記分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物は前記重合性単量体の不飽和基モル数100に対して0.01〜100モルの範囲内にあり、前記金属化合物は前記分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物100モルに対して、0.1〜0.00001モルの範囲内にある)、GPCによる数平均分子量が500以上100,000以下であるアクリル系プレポリマーと、
(メタ)アクリル酸−2−ヒドロキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸−3−ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸−2−ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸−4−ヒドロキシブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリプロピレングリコールよりなる群から選ばれる1種以上の分子内に水酸基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物又はアリルグリシジルエーテル、(メタ)アクリル酸グリシジルエーテル、(メタ)アクリル酸−2−エチルグリシジルエーテルよりなる群から選ばれる1種以上の分子内にエポキシ基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物とを、反応させて得られる(ただし、前記分子内に水酸基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物の水酸基のモル数又は前記分子内にエポキシ基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物のエポキシ基のモル数が、前記アクリル系プレポリマーのカルボキシル基のモル数100モルに対して、100〜120モルである)。
【化2】
[上記[I]式において、Mは、周期表4A族、4B族、5A族、5B族の金属、クロム、ルテニウム及びパラジウムよりなる群から選ばれる金属であり、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有することもある脂肪族炭化水素基、置換基を有することもある脂環式炭化水素基、置換基を有することもある芳香族炭化水素基および置換基を有することもあるケイ素含有基よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の基、若しくは、水素原子または単結合のいずれかであり、さらに、R1およびR2が共同して上記式[I]で表される化合物中の2個の5員環を結合していてもよく、また、複数の隣接するR1またはR2は、共同して環状構造を形成していてもよく、aおよびbは、それぞれ独立に、1〜5の整数であり、Xは水素原子の少なくとも一部がハロゲン原子で置換されていることもある炭化水素基またはハロゲン原子であり、nは0または金属Mの価数−2の整数である。]
【0017】
前記のアクリル系プレポリマーは、不活性ガス雰囲気下に、重合開始剤として分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物を用いて、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルを主成分とする重合性単量体を塊状重合させて得られる。
【0018】
この塊状重合の開始剤に用いる化合物は、分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有している。具体的には、α-メルカプトプロピオン酸(チオ乳酸)、β-メルカプトプロピオン酸、2,3-ジメルカプトプロピオン酸、チオグリコール酸、o-メルカプト安息香酸(チオサリチル酸)、m-メルカプト安息香酸、p-メルカプト安息香酸、チオリンゴ酸、チオール炭酸、o-チオクマル酸、α-メルカプトブタン酸(メルカプト酪酸)、β-メルカプトブタン酸、γ-メルカプトブタン酸、チオールヒスチジン及び11-メルカプトウンデカン酸等が挙げられる。中でもβ-メルカプトプロピオン酸及びチオグリコール酸が好ましい。
【0019】
この重合開始剤である分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物は、後述するアクリル系単量体100モルに対して、0.01〜100モル、好ましくは、0.1〜50モルの範囲内で使用される。アクリル系単量体の不飽和基モル数100に対し、分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物が0.01モル以下であると、重合が効率良く進行せず、100.0を越えると、最終生成物の固形分(不揮発分)を低下させることとなる。
【0020】
また、この重合開始剤を使用した塊状重合法は、アクリル系単量体の種類によって、加熱あるいは加温下に行うこともできるし、冷却しながら行うこともできる。そして、この塊状重合反応温度は、40〜110℃の範囲内に設定することが好ましく、さらに60〜100℃の範囲内に設定することが特に好ましい。重合反応温度を上記範囲内に設定することにより、分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物が、効率よく重合開始剤としての機能を発揮することができる。
【0021】
また、使用するアクリル系単量体の不飽和基の活性にもよるが、比較的重合性の高いアクリル酸エステル系のアクリル系単量体を用いた場合でも、反応温度を40℃未満とした場合、分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物の活性が低くなり、充分な重合率を得るために必要な時間が長くなり、効率が悪い。さらに、メタクリル酸メチルのように重合活性が比較的低い単量体を用いた場合でも、40℃以上の条件であれば、充分な重合率を得ることができる。
【0022】
また、反応温度が110℃を超える場合は、分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物が重合速度の抑制に作用してしまい、分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物の重合開始剤としての効率が悪くなる。さらに、反応温度を150℃以上とすると、アクリル系単量体の活性にもよるが、アクリル酸アルキルエステルなどは、熱開始による重合も併発してしまい、熱開始により生成した重合体を含むこととなり、目的の重合体が得られないばかりでなく、重合反応中に著しい発熱による暴走反応の危険がある。重合温度を110℃以下と設定することにより、生成する重合体を効率よく得られ、また、反応を暴走させることなく、反応の進行を維持することができる。
【0023】
また、前記重合開始剤である分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物の重合開始剤効率を上げるために、次式[I]で表される有機金属化合物を重合系に添加することが好ましい。前記有機金属化合物は、重合開始剤である分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物の分解触媒として作用する。
【化3】
ただし、上記式[I]において、Mは、周期表4A族、4B族、5A族、5B族の金属、クロム、ルテニウムおよびパラジウムよりなる群から選ばれる金属である。具体的にはMは、チタン、ジルコニウム、クロム、ルテニウム、バナジウム、パラジウム、錫などである。また、式[I]において、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有することもある脂肪族炭化水素基、置換基を有することもある脂環族炭化水素基、置換基を有することもある芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有することもあるケイ素含有基よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の基、水素原子または単結合のいずれかである。さらに、R1およびR2が共同して該2個の5員環を結合していてもよく、また、複数の隣接するR1またはR2は、共同して環状構造を形成していてもよい。また、式[I]において、aおよびbは、それぞれ独立に、1〜4の整数であり、Xは塩素、臭素、ヨウ素などのハロゲン原子または水素原子の少なくとも一部がハロゲン原子で置換されていることもある炭化水素基であり、nは0または金属Mの価数−2の整数である。
【0024】
このような有機金属化合物の例としては、ジシクロペンタジエン-Ti-ジクロライド、ジシクロペンタジエン-Ti-ビスフェニル、ジシクロペンタジエン-Ti-ビス-2,3,4,5,6- ペンタフルオロフェニ-1-イル、ジシクロペンタジエン-Ti-ビス-2,3,5,6- テトラフルオロフェニ-1-イル、ジシクロペンタジエン-Ti-ビス-2,5,6- トリフルオロフェニ-1-イル、ジシクロペンタジエン-Ti-ビス-2,6- ジフルオロフェニ-1-イル、ジシクロペンタジエン-Ti-ビス-2,4- ジフルオロフェニ-1-イル、ジメチルシクロペンタジエニル-Ti-ビス-2,3,4,5,6-ペンタフルオロフェニ-1-イル、ジメチルシクロペンタジエニル-Ti-ビス-2,3,5,6-テトラフルオロフェニ-1-イル、ジメチルシクロペンタジエニル-Ti-ビス-2,6-ジフルオロフェニ-1-イル、ジメチルシクロペンタジエニル-Ti-ビス-2,6-ジフルオロ-3-(ピル-1-イル)-フェニ-1-イルのようなチタノセン化合物;
ジシクロペンタジエニル-Zr-ジクロライド、ジメチルシクロペンタジエニル-Zr-ジクロライドのようなジルコノセン化合物;
及びルテノセン化合物、クロモノセン化合物などを挙げることができる。これらの有機金属化合物は単独であるいは組み合わせて使用することができる。
【0025】
この有機金属化合物は、前記分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物100モルに対して、通常は0.1〜0.00001モル、好ましくは0.01〜0.0001モルの量で使用される。0.00001モル未満では、開始剤であるチオール基及び水酸基を有する化合物に対する触媒としての効果が低く、0.1モルを超えると、製造コストが高くなり好ましくない。
【0026】
前記アクリル系プレポリマーを調製するために使用するアクリル系単量体は、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルを主成分としている。(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルの具体例としては、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸プロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ペンチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸-2-エチルヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸オクチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ノニル、(メタ)アクリル酸デシル、(メタ)アクリル酸ドデシル等が挙げられる。
【0027】
また、前記アクリル系プレポリマーを調製するために使用するアクリル系単量体は、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルの1種類の単量体でも良いが、2種類以上の単量体を組合わせても良い。さらに、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルの以外の単量体を組合わせても良く、例えば以下に示す単量体を挙げることができる。
(メタ)アクリル酸および(メタ)アクリル酸アルカリ金属塩などの塩;
(メタ)アクリル酸フェニル、(メタ)アクリル酸ベンジルのような(メタ)アクリル酸アリールエステル;
(メタ)アクリル酸メトキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エトキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸プロポキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブトキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エトキシプロピルのような(メタ)アクリル酸アルコキシアルキル;
(メタ)アクリロニトリル;酢酸ビニル;塩化ビニル;塩化ビニリデン;
(メタ)アクリル酸-2-クロロエチルのようなハロゲン化ビニル化合物;
(メタ)アクリル酸シクロヘキシルのような脂環式アルコールの(メタ)アクリル酸エステル;
2-ビニル-2-オキサゾリン、2-ビニル-5-メチル-2-オキサゾリン、2-イソプロペニル-2-オキサゾリンのようなオキサゾリン基含有重合性化合物;
(メタ)アクリロイルアジリジン、(メタ)アクリル酸-2-アジリジニルエチルのようなアジリジン基含有重合性化合物;
(メタ)アクリル酸-2-ヒドロキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸-3-ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸-2-ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸-4-ヒドロキシブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリプロピレングリコールまたはポリエチレングリコールとのモノエステル、ラクトン類と(メタ)アクリル酸-2-ヒドロキシエチルとの付加物のようなヒドロキシル基含有ビニル化合物;
フッ素置換(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル等の含フッ素ビニル単量体;
(メタ)アクリル酸を除く、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸のような不飽和カルボン酸、これらの塩並びにこれらの(部分)エステル化合物および酸無水物;
2-クロルエチルビニルエーテル、モノクロロ酢酸ビニルのような反応性ハロゲン含有ビニル単量体;
(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-メトキシエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-ブトキシメチル(メタ)アクリルアミドのようなアミド基含有ビニル単量体;
ビニルトリメトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、アリルトリメトキシシラン、トリメトキシシリルプロピルアリルアミン、2-メトキシエトキシトリメトキシシランのような有機ケイ素基含有ビニル化合物単量体;ならびに、
エチルデンノルボルネン、ピペリジン、イソプレン、ペンタジエン、ビニルシクロヘキセン、クロロプレン、ブタジエン、メチルブタジエン、シクロブタジエン、メチルブタジエンのようなジエン化合物。
が挙げられる。
【0028】
さらに、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリル酸エステルのような多価(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、ジビニルベンゼン、エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジメチロールトリシクロデカンジ(メタ)アクリレート、2,2-ビス[4-((メタ)アクリロキシエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン等のような分子内に重合性不飽和基を2個以上有する単量体を組み合わせて、多分岐構造の重合体としても良い。
【0029】
前記アクリル系プレポリマーは、不活性ガス雰囲気下に、重合開始剤として前記分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物を用いて、前記(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルを主成分とする重合性単量体を塊状重合させてえられるが、GPCによる数平均分子量が500以上100,000以下である必要があり、500〜10,000であることが好ましい。数平均分子量が500未満であると、1分子中に含まれるアクリル骨格の含有率が低く、(メタ)アクリル骨格特有の性質が発現しにくく、最終生成物の固形分(不揮発分)を低下させることとなる。さらに、数平均分子量が100,000を超えると、分子内に水酸基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物又は分子内にエポキシ基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物との反応の際に、粘度の上昇及び流動性の低下等により作業性が低下すると共に、反応率の低下を引き起こしやすい。
【0030】
本発明で使用する分子内に水酸基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物又は分子内にエポキシ基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物の重合性不飽和基としては、(メタ)アクリロイル基、ビニル基、アリール基等である。分子内に水酸基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物の具体例としては、(メタ)アクリル酸-2-ヒドロキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸-3-ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸-2-ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸-4-ヒドロキシブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリプロピレングリコールまたはポリエチレングリコールとのモノエステル、ラクトン類と(メタ)アクリル酸-2-ヒドロキシエチル等が挙げられる。また、分子内にエポキシ基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物の具体例としては、アリルグリシジルエーテル、(メタ)アクリル酸グリシジルエーテル、(メタ)アクリル酸-2-エチルグリシジルエーテル等が挙げられる。
【0031】
本発明で使用する分子内に水酸基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物又は分子内にエポキシ基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物を有する化合物は、前記アクリル系プレポリマー中のアクリル系プレポリマー中に存在する水酸基100モルに対して、カルボキシル基が通常は100〜120モル、好ましくは105〜115モルとなるような量で使用される。
【0032】
前記アクリル系プレポリマーと前記分子内に水酸基と重合性不飽和基を有する化合物との反応は、従来公知のエステル化反応を利用すれば良い。より具体的には、パラトルエンスルホン酸又は硫酸等の酸性触媒下、水と共沸して留去されるベンゼン又はトルエン等の有機溶媒の存在下で行う。エステル化終了後、中和、水洗、溶媒留去などを行うことにより、不純物を除去できる。
【0033】
また、前記アクリル系プレポリマーと前記エポキシ基と重合性不飽和基を有する化合物との反応は、従来公知の開環付加反応を利用すれば良い。より具体的には、金属錯体、アミン類、有機酸等の触媒下、水と共沸して留去されるベンゼン又はトルエン等の有機溶媒存在下で行う。開環付加反応終了後、中和、水洗及び溶媒留去等を行うことにより不純物を除去できる。
【0034】
本発明の分子末端に重合性不飽和基を有するアクリル系重合体は、この重合体が粘稠な液体であり、重合性不飽和基を有することから、例えば、粘着剤、接着剤、塗料用ビヒクル、プライマー用樹脂、インキ用バインダー、セメントやモルタル、金属、ガラス等の無機材料表面の被覆コーティング樹脂、シート成形品(例;通気性シート、保護シート、遮水シート、制振シート、転写シート、調光シート、帯電防止シート、導電シート、養生シート、遮音シート、遮光シート、化粧シート、マーキングシート、難燃シート)、フィルム成形品(例;マーキングフィルム、保護フィルム、インキ定着フィルム、ラミネートフィルム)、発泡体(硬質発泡体、軟質発泡体、半硬質発泡体、難燃発泡体などを含む)、反応性可塑剤、可塑剤、希釈剤、相溶化剤、UV硬化型樹脂用のバインダー及び反応性希釈剤、ラジカル硬化シロップ型トラフィックペイント用バインダー樹脂及び希釈剤、中間原料として、ビニル系樹脂合成時のグラフト化剤やブロック化剤、NBR、IIR、SBRなどのゴム用変性剤及び架橋剤、改質剤用原料、マクロマーとしての各種ブロックポリマーなどの樹脂用原料または、改質用原料、添加剤、更には、繊維改質剤、繊維表面処理剤、紙加工剤、紙改質剤、界面活性剤、分散安定剤、分散媒、溶剤、粘度調整剤、吸着剤、毛髪処理剤、トナー用添加剤、帯電制御剤、帯電防止剤、低収縮剤、防曇剤、防汚剤、親水性付与剤、親油性付与剤、医薬担体、農薬用担体、化粧品用配合剤、滑剤、ポリマーアロイ用添加剤、ゲルコート剤、FRP用樹脂、FRP樹脂用添加剤、人工大理石用樹脂、人工大理石用樹脂添加剤、注入成型品用樹脂、UV・EV硬化樹脂用原料、粘着付与剤、各種バインダー(例;磁気記録媒体用バインダー、鋳造用バインダー、焼成体用バインダー、グラスファイバーサイジング材用バインダー)、RIM用ウレタン改質剤、合わせガラス用樹脂、制振材、遮音材、分離膜用樹脂、防音材、吸音材、人工皮革、人工皮膚、合成皮革、各種工業用部品、日用品、トイレタリー用成型品、レジスト材用バインダー、レジスト材用添加剤、レジスト材用希釈剤、レジスト剤、フォトレジスト材用添加剤、希釈剤、バインダーその他、離型調整剤などで利用することが出来る。
【0035】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は、これら実施例によって限定されるものではない。
【0036】
アクリル系プレポリマーの製造
【製造例1】
撹拌装置、窒素導入管、温度計及び還流冷却管を備えたフラスコに、ラウリルメタクリレート100重量部を仕込みフラスコ内に窒素ガスを導入しながらフラスコ内の内容物を80℃に加熱した。
ついで、十分に窒素ガス置換したβ−メルカプトプロピオン酸5重量部を撹拌下のフラスコ内に添加した。その後、撹拌中のフラスコ内の内容物の温度が80℃に維持できるように、冷却及び加温を2時間行った。その後続けて、撹拌中のフラスコ内の内容物の温度が95℃に維持できるように、冷却及び加温を行いながら、重合反応を6時間行った。
【0037】
上記のようにして合計で8時間の反応後、反応物の温度を室温に戻し、反応物にベンゾキノン溶液(95%THF溶液)を20重量部添加して重合を停止させた。こうして得られた反応物のTHF溶液について、単量体残存率をガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて測定し、重合率を求めた。その結果、重合率が71%の反応物が得られた。
【0038】
つづいて得られた反応物をエバポレーターに移し、減圧下に80℃まで徐々に加熱しながらTHFおよび残存単量体、残存チオール化合物を除去した。こうして得られた重合体の150℃加熱残分は、99.0%であった。
また、得られた重合体についてゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定した分子量は、Mw=4600、Mn=2300であり、分散指数=2.1であり、23℃における粘度は、6.7(Pa・s)であった。
【0039】
【製造例2】
撹拌装置、窒素導入管、温度計および還流冷却管を備えたフラスコに、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート95重量部、スチレン5重量部、およびルテノセンジクロライド0.1重量部を仕込みフラスコ内に窒素ガスを導入しながらフラスコ内の内容物を80℃に加熱した。
ついで、十分に窒素ガス置換したβ−メルカプトプロピオン酸8重量部を攪拌下のフラスコ内に添加した。その後、攪拌中のフラスコ内の内容物の温度が80℃に維持できるように、冷却および加温を2時間行った。さらに、十分に窒素ガス置換したβ−メルカプトプロピオン酸6重量部を攪拌下のフラスコ内に追加添加した。その後、攪拌中のフラスコ内の内容物の温度が95℃に維持できるように、さらに冷却および加温を行いながら、重合反応を6時間行った。
【0040】
上記のようにして合計で8時間の反応後、反応物の温度を室温に戻し、反応物にベンゾキノン溶液(95%THF溶液)を20重量部添加して重合を停止させた。こうして得られた反応物のTHF溶液について、単量体残存率をガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて測定し、重合率を求めた。その結果、重合率が78%の反応物が得られ、この重合に際して重合反応の暴走は認められなかった。
【0041】
つづいて得られた反応物をエバポレーターに移し、減圧下に80℃まで除々に加熱しながらTHFおよび残存単量体、残存チオール化合物を除去した。こうして得られた重合体の150℃加熱残分は、99.4%であった。
また、得られた重合体についてゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定した分子量は、Mw=2200、Mn=1100であり、分散指数=2.0であり、23℃における粘度は、2.6(Pa・s)であった。
【0042】
【比較製造例1】
撹拌装置、窒素ガス導入管、温度計及び還流冷却管を備えたフラスコに、ブチルアクリレート95重量部、及び、アクリル酸5重量部を仕込み、フラスコ内に窒素ガスを導入しながらフラスコの内容物を80℃に加熱した。
【0043】
ついで、ラジカル重合開始剤として、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.1重量部及びドデシルメルカプタン20重量部をフラスコ内に1時間かけて徐々に添加した。その添加後、フラスコ内の内容物の温度が80℃に維持できるように、冷却及び加熱を行いながら、反応を7時間行った。
【0044】
上記の反応を計8時間行った後、反応物の一部を採取して、ベンゾキノン溶液(95%THF溶液)を添加し、モノマー残存率をガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて測定したところ、重合率は87%であった。
つづいて、得られた反応物をエバポレーターに移し、減圧下に80℃まで徐々に加熱しながら残存モノマー及び残存開始剤を除去した。
【0045】
こうして得られたアクリル系プレポリマー(C−1)の150℃加熱残分は96.3%であった。また、アクリル系プレポリマー(C−1)についてGPCにより測定した分子量は、Mw=930、Mn=610、分散指数=1.5であり、23℃における粘度は、0.80(Pa・s)であった。
【0046】
【参考例1】
撹拌装置、乾燥窒素ガス導入管、温度計、モレキュラーシーブを装着した還流冷却管、滴下ロート及び分留コンデンサーを備えたフラスコに、製造例1で得られたアクリル系プレポリマー(A)100重量部、トルエン10重量部、濃硫酸1重量部及びヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル0.5重量部を仕込み、フラスコ内の空気を乾燥窒素ガスで置換しながら100℃に加熱した。
【0047】
つづいて、フラスコの内容物を100℃に保ちながら、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート26重量部を2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、減圧下に100℃に保ち、トルエン及び縮合水を反応系外に共沸分留しながら、エステル化反応を行った。
【0048】
エステル化反応終了後、フラスコの内容物を40℃まで冷却し、3%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、さらに水洗を2回行った。
ついで、フラスコの内容物をエバポレーターに移し、減圧下100℃まで徐々に加熱しながら、残留水分及びトルエンを留去し、重合性不飽和基を分子末端に有するアクリル系重合体(1)を得た。
【0049】
得られたアクリル系重合体(1)は、23℃における粘度が0.53(Pa・s)であった。また、アクリル系重合体(1)中の残留水酸基をFT−IR(フーリエ変換赤外吸収スペクトル)で調べたところ、カルボキシル基に起因する吸収は完全に消失しており、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートに由来するアクリロイル基が観察された。
【0050】
【実施例2】
撹拌装置、乾燥窒素ガス導入管、温度計、モレキュラーシーブを装着した還流冷却管、滴下ロート及び分留コンデンサーを備えたフラスコに、製造例2で得られたアクリル系プレポリマー(B)100重量部、ヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル0.5重量部、トリエチルアミン3.0重量部及びグリシジルメタクリレート26重量部を仕込み、フラスコ内の空気を乾燥窒素ガスで置換しながら、室温から80℃まで1時間かけて加熱昇温した。
【0051】
つづいて、フラスコの内容物を80℃に保ちながら、3時間反応を行い、その後、減圧下に100℃に保ち、トリエチルアミンを反応系外に除去しながら、反応を1時間行った。
【0052】
反応終了後、フラスコの内容物を40℃まで冷却し、重合性不飽和基を分子末端に有するアクリル系重合体(2)を得た。
【0053】
得られたアクリル系重合体(2)は、23℃における粘度が1.3(Pa・s)であった。また、アクリル系重合体(2)中の残留カルボキシル基をFT−IR(フーリエ変換赤外吸収スペクトル)で調べたところ、カルボキシル基に起因する吸収は完全に消失しており、グリシジルメタクリレートに由来するアクリロイル基が観察された。
【0054】
【比較例1】
アクリル系プレポリマー(A)の代わりに比較製造例1で得られたアクリル系プレポリマー(C−1)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、重合性不飽和基を分子末端に有するアクリル系重合体(3)を得た。
【0055】
得られたアクリル系重合体(3)は、23℃における粘度が0.48(Pa・s)であった。また、アクリル系重合体(3)をFT−IR(フーリエ変換赤外吸収スペクトル)で調べたところ、カルボキシル基に起因する吸収は完全に消失しており、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートに起因するアクリロイル基が観察された。
【0056】
【参考例1】
容量200ミリリットルのビーカーにアクリル系重合体(1)100重量部と、開始剤として1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(商品名:パーオクタO、日本油脂(株)社製)0.1重量部を配合して、ビーカー内の内容物が均一になるまでミキサーにて十分に撹拌混合した。得られた配合物をポリエチレン製フィルム(膜厚50μm)にバーコーダーを用いて、塗布厚50μmに塗布し、その上にポリエチレン製フィルム(膜厚50μm)を被せた。これを120℃の乾燥機内にて60分間放置させ、膜化物(1)を得た。
得られた膜化物(1)について、アセトン溶媒を用いたソックスレー抽出を行い、ゲル分率(%)を調べたところ81%であった。
【0057】
【参考例2】
参考例1において、アクリル系重合体(2)を使用したこと以外は同様にして、膜化物(2)を得た。得られた膜化物(2)のゲル分率を調べたところ89%であった。
【0058】
【比較参考例1】
参考例1において、アクリル系重合体(3)を使用したこと以外は同様にして、膜化物(3)を得た。得られた膜化物(3)のゲル分率を調べたところ46%であり、膜化物(1)及び膜化物(2)と比較するとかなり低い値を示した。
これは、アクリル系重合体(3)に、分子中に重合性不飽和基を有さない分子がかなり存在することを意味している。
【0059】
【発明の効果】
本発明の重合性不飽和基を分子末端に有するアクリル系重合体は、乳化剤又は分散剤などを含まず、分子末端に溶剤化合物残基やアゾ系及び過酸化物系などの従来公知の開始剤残基が無く、分子末端に確実に重合性不飽和基が導入されている。
【0060】
また、本発明の重合性不飽和基を分子末端に有するアクリル系重合体は、無溶剤で粘調な液体として得られるプレポリマー使用することにより、そのプレポリマーに重合性不飽和基を導入する際に、必ずしも溶剤除去をする必要が無いため、分子末端が十分に制御された重合体となる。[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to an acrylic polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group at a molecular end useful for paints, adhesives, molding materials and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
An oligomer or polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group at the molecular end of a polymer obtained by polymerizing monomers is called a macromonomer, and is widely used in paints, adhesives, molding materials and the like. As a method for producing this macromonomer, ionic polymerization or radical polymerization is known. However, when the main chain structure of the macromonomer is mainly composed of an acrylic monomer, the functional group is usually terminated by radical polymerization. Is prepared by reacting a functional group with a reactive compound.
[0003]
More specifically, polymerization is performed using mercaptoacetic acid as an acrylic monomer, an azo initiator or a peroxide initiator, and a chain transfer agent to prepare a prepolymer having a carboxyl group at the molecular end, Polymerization using a method of reacting the carboxyl group with glycidyl methacrylate, an acrylic monomer, an azo initiator or a peroxide initiator, mercaptoethanol as a chain transfer agent, and a hydroxyl group-terminated prepolymer. There is a method of preparing a polymer and reacting the hydroxyl group with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate.
[0004]
A method for preparing a prepolymer using a mercaptan having these functional groups as a chain transfer agent is usually carried out by solution polymerization. The polymerization temperature, the amount of radical polymerization initiator, an organic solvent or mercaptan as a radical chain transfer agent are used. By appropriately adjusting the amount used or the type of the polymer, the polymerization reaction such as polymerization rate and heat generation control, and polymer molecular design such as molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are performed. The molecular end of the polymer obtained by this method is bonded to a residue such as a compound used as a radical polymerization initiator, a compound used as a chain transfer agent, a solvent compound when chain transferred, or It has an unsaturated group when disproportionation is stopped. That is, the polymer obtained is not sufficiently controlled up to the end groups, and becomes a mixture of polymers having various end groups.
[0005]
For this reason, in these conventional methods for preparing a prepolymer, a molecule in which a polymerizable unsaturated group is not introduced is obtained, or a molecule in which a polymerizable unsaturated group is not introduced as designed is obtained. When such a macromonomer is used as a raw material for paints, adhesives, molding materials and the like, physical properties as designed are often not obtained.
[0006]
In addition, as a prepolymer preparation method, an aqueous radical polymerization method of emulsion polymerization and suspension polymerization is known. In the case of emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization, separation from water as a dispersion medium is performed after polymerization of the prepolymer. Therefore, operations such as precipitation, filtration, washing, drying, and dissolution in a solvent for reacting a compound having reactivity with the functional group of the prepolymer are necessary, and the process becomes complicated.
[0007]
Furthermore, a bulk polymerization method is known as a prepolymer preparation method. The bulk polymerization method does not use a solvent and a dispersion medium, so there is no need to use an organic solvent, water, a dispersant, an emulsifier, etc., and it does not include impurities such as an organic solvent involved in the polymerization. In addition, impurities such as emulsifiers and dispersants are not mixed in the obtained polymer, and further, it is not necessary to remove the dispersion medium in order to obtain the desired prepolymer.
[0008]
However, in general, the bulk polymerization method has a remarkably high polymerization reaction rate, and it is practically very difficult to control the bulk polymerization method. In addition, the polymer produced at high temperature without controlling the polymerization rate, the end group of the molecule became unstable due to disproportionation termination, the molecular weight was reduced, or conversely produced earlier The polymer is likely to be branched or gelled due to hydrogen abstraction from the polymer. For this reason, it is difficult to design the molecular structure such as the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymer, and it is also difficult to design a clear molecular structure due to the branching of the polymer and the generation of disproportionation termination terminals. Furthermore, the gelled product may be generated rapidly and in a large amount, and in the worst case, the temperature rise of the reaction product cannot be suppressed and there is even a danger of explosion.
[0009]
Among acrylic monomers, methyl methacrylate has a characteristic that the polymerization rate is relatively slow. Therefore, reaction control is possible even by bulk polymerization, and its control method has been studied for a long time. In order to control the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, mercaptans are used as chain transfer agents. For the polymerization initiation, addition of an azo polymerization initiator or a peroxide polymerization initiator, or thermal initiation polymerization at a high temperature is used. For this reason, in the polymer obtained by these reactions, a compound derived from a polymerization initiator is bonded to the polymer end or, in the case of thermal initiation polymerization, derived from a peroxide of a polymer monomer. A polymer in which a compound is bonded to the terminal is included, and the compound bonded to the terminal is not strictly controlled.
[0010]
Further, in the bulk polymerization reaction using such mercaptan, the mercaptan consumption rate during the polymerization and the consumption rate of the initiator are not equal, and the initiator remains in the reaction system even if the mercaptan is consumed during the polymerization. Therefore, it is often difficult to control the reaction uniformly, and there is a limit to the monomers used for bulk polymerization.
[0011]
For these reasons, a polymerization method, a polymerization catalyst, and a polymerization initiator for obtaining a polymer having a sufficiently controlled end are required.
[0012]
By the way, the catalyst for the polymerization reaction varies depending on the monomer used. For example, a metallocene compound such as titanocene is used as a polymerization catalyst such as ethylene, but this metallocene compound is used with a sensitizer in photopolymerization. For example, this metallocene compound is hardly known to be used as a polymerization catalyst for monomers other than α-olefins. JP-A-9-5996 includes a compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond capable of addition polymerization, a titanocene compound as a photopolymerization initiation system, and a sensitizer capable of sensitizing the titanocene compound. In the photopolymerizable composition, an invention of a photopolymerizable composition is disclosed in which the composition further contains a heterocyclic thiol compound. In the invention disclosed in this publication, the titanocene compound is used as a photopolymerization catalyst, and there is no description about using the titanocene compound as a bulk polymerization catalyst. Moreover, the heterocyclic thiol compound described in this publication is a visible light sensitizer.
[0013]
In general, in a metallocene compound such as a titanocene compound, a sulfur-containing compound is a compound that reduces the catalytic action of the metallocene compound, and as described above, a sulfur-containing compound that exhibits a specific effect such as a visible light sensitizer. The use of a compound is a very exceptional method of using a metallocene compound as a catalyst. That is, in general, a sulfur-containing compound is a compound that becomes a catalyst poison for a metallocene compound as a catalyst. Therefore, it is not preferable to add a sulfur compound to a reaction system using a metallocene compound as a catalyst. ing.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problem of the present invention is that it does not contain an emulsifier or a dispersant, has no conventionally known initiator residue such as a solvent compound residue or an azo group or a peroxide group at the molecular end, and ensures that the molecular end is not polymerizable. It is to provide an acrylic polymer that is a saturated group
[0015]
[Means for solving the problems]
The acrylic polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group at the molecular end of the present invention comprises an acrylic prepolymer obtained by bulk polymerization using a compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule as a polymerization initiator, Is obtained by reacting them with a compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group or a compound having an epoxy group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule, but when preparing an acrylic prepolymer, By using a compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule as a polymerization initiator, an initiator residue derived from a conventionally known azo initiator or peroxide initiator at the molecular end of the resulting polymer The polymer is colored or the emulsifier or the dispersing agent in the emulsion polymerization and suspension polymerization. First, never solvent compound residue in the solution polymerization is introduced into the molecular terminal.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An acrylic polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group at the molecular end according to the present invention andA mixture with a metal compound represented by the following formula [I]The embodiment will be described.
This acrylic polymer according to the present invention uses a compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule as a polymerization initiator under an inert gas atmosphere, and uses an azo initiator and a peroxide initiator. Without bulk polymerization of a polymerizable monomer mainly composed of (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester (however, in the molecule with respect to 100 unsaturated group moles of the polymerizable monomer). A compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group is in the range of 0.01 to 100 mol), an acrylic prepolymer having a number average molecular weight by GPC of 500 or more and 100,000 or less,
(Meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl, (meth) acrylic acid-3-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid-4-hydroxybutyl, (meth) acrylic acid polypropylene Obtained by reacting a compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in one or more molecules selected from the group consisting of glycols (however, the hydroxyl group of the compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule) Is 100 to 120 mol with respect to 100 mol of carboxyl groups of the acrylic prepolymer).
Further, the acrylic polymer according to the present invention comprises a compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule as a polymerization initiator and a metal compound represented by the following formula [I] as a catalyst in an inert gas atmosphere. And a bulk polymerization of a polymerizable monomer mainly composed of (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester without using an azo-based initiator and a peroxide-based initiator. The compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group is in the range of 0.01 to 100 mol with respect to 100 unsaturated group moles of the polymerizable monomer, and the metal compound has a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule. The number average molecular weight by GPC is 500 or more and 100,000 or less. And Le-based prepolymer,
(Meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl, (meth) acrylic acid-3-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid-4-hydroxybutyl, (meth) acrylic acid polypropylene A compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in one or more molecules selected from the group consisting of glycol, or allyl glycidyl ether, (meth) acrylic acid glycidyl ether, (meth) acrylic acid-2-ethylglycidyl ether It is obtained by reacting a compound having an epoxy group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in one or more molecules selected from the group (however, the hydroxyl group of the compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule). The number of moles or moles of the epoxy group of the compound having an epoxy group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule But with respect to the number of moles to 100 moles of the carboxyl group of the acrylic prepolymer is 100 to 120 moles).
[Chemical 2]
[In the above formula [I], M is a metal selected from the group consisting of 4A group, 4B group, 5A group, 5B group metal, chromium, ruthenium and palladium, and R1 and R2 are each independently An aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, and a silicon-containing group that may have a substituent At least one group selected from the group consisting of groups, or a hydrogen atom or a single bond, and R1 and R2 together represent two 5's in the compound represented by the above formula [I]. Member rings may be bonded, and a plurality of adjacent R 1 or R 2 may jointly form a cyclic structure, and a and b are each independently an integer of 1 to 5. , X is a hydrogen atom At least partially a hydrocarbon group or a halogen atom may have been substituted with a halogen atom, n represents a valence -2 integer of 0 or metals M. ]
[0017]
The above-mentioned acrylic prepolymer is a polymerizable monomer having a main component of (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester, using a compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule as a polymerization initiator under an inert gas atmosphere. It is obtained by bulk polymerization of the body.
[0018]
The compound used as the bulk polymerization initiator has a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule. Specifically, α-mercaptopropionic acid (thiolactic acid), β-mercaptopropionic acid, 2,3-dimercaptopropionic acid, thioglycolic acid, o-mercaptobenzoic acid (thiosalicylic acid), m-mercaptobenzoic acid, p-mercaptobenzoic acid, thiomalic acid, thiol carbonic acid, o-thiocoumaric acid, α-mercaptobutanoic acid (mercaptobutyric acid), β-mercaptobutanoic acid, γ-mercaptobutanoic acid, thiol histidine and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid It is done. Of these, β-mercaptopropionic acid and thioglycolic acid are preferred.
[0019]
The compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule as the polymerization initiator is in the range of 0.01 to 100 mol, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50 mol, relative to 100 mol of the acrylic monomer described later. Used in. When the compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule is 0.01 mol or less with respect to the unsaturated group mole number 100 of the acrylic monomer, the polymerization does not proceed efficiently and exceeds 100.0. The solid content (nonvolatile content) of the final product will be reduced.
[0020]
In addition, the bulk polymerization method using this polymerization initiator can be performed under heating or heating, or can be performed while cooling, depending on the type of acrylic monomer. The bulk polymerization reaction temperature is preferably set in the range of 40 to 110 ° C, and more preferably set in the range of 60 to 100 ° C. By setting the polymerization reaction temperature within the above range, a compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule can efficiently function as a polymerization initiator.
[0021]
Although depending on the activity of the unsaturated group of the acrylic monomer used, the reaction temperature was set to less than 40 ° C. even when an acrylic ester acrylic monomer having a relatively high polymerization property was used. In this case, the activity of the compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule is lowered, the time required for obtaining a sufficient polymerization rate is lengthened, and the efficiency is poor. Furthermore, even when a monomer having a relatively low polymerization activity such as methyl methacrylate is used, a sufficient polymerization rate can be obtained under conditions of 40 ° C. or higher.
[0022]
In addition, when the reaction temperature exceeds 110 ° C., the compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule acts to suppress the polymerization rate, and as a polymerization initiator for the compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule Becomes less efficient. Furthermore, when the reaction temperature is 150 ° C. or higher, depending on the activity of the acrylic monomer, the alkyl acrylate ester also contains a polymer produced by thermal initiation, which also occurs due to thermal initiation. Thus, not only the desired polymer cannot be obtained, but there is a risk of runaway reaction due to significant exotherm during the polymerization reaction. By setting the polymerization temperature to 110 ° C. or lower, the produced polymer can be obtained efficiently, and the progress of the reaction can be maintained without causing the reaction to run away.
[0023]
In order to increase the polymerization initiator efficiency of the compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule as the polymerization initiator, it is preferable to add an organometallic compound represented by the following formula [I] to the polymerization system. . The organometallic compound acts as a decomposition catalyst for a compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule as a polymerization initiator.
[Chemical Formula 3]
However,In the above formula [I], M isPeriodic Table 4A, 4B, 5A, 5BAnd a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, ruthenium and palladium. Specifically, M is titanium, zirconium, chromium, ruthenium, vanadium, palladium, tin or the like. In the formula [I], R1 and R2 each independently have an aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, or a substituent. It is at least one group selected from the group consisting of a certain aromatic hydrocarbon group and a silicon-containing group which may have a substituent, either a hydrogen atom or a single bond. Further, R1 and R2 may jointly bind the two 5-membered rings, and a plurality of adjacent R1 or R2 may jointly form a cyclic structure. In the formula [I], a and b are each independently an integer of 1 to 4, and X is a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or iodine, or at least a part of the hydrogen atom is substituted with a halogen atom. And n is an integer of 0 or the valence-2 of the metal M.
[0024]
Examples of such organometallic compounds include dicyclopentadiene-Ti-dichloride, dicyclopentadiene-Ti-bisphenyl, dicyclopentadiene-Ti-bis-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoropheny- 1-yl, dicyclopentadiene-Ti-bis-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophen-1-yl, dicyclopentadiene-Ti-bis-2,5,6-trifluorophen-1-yl, Dicyclopentadiene-Ti-bis-2,6-difluorophen-1-yl, dicyclopentadiene-Ti-bis-2,4-difluorophen-1-yl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl-Ti-bis-2, 3,4,5,6-pentafluorophen-1-yl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl-Ti-bis-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophen-1-yl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl-Ti- Bis-2,6-difluorophen-1-yl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl-Ti-bi 2,6-difluoro-3- (pyrr-1-yl) - titanocene compounds such as 1-yl;
Zirconocene compounds such as dicyclopentadienyl-Zr-dichloride, dimethylcyclopentadienyl-Zr-dichloride;
And ruthenocene compounds and chromocenecene compounds. These organometallic compounds can be used alone or in combination.
[0025]
This organometallic compound is usually used in an amount of 0.1 to 0.00001 mol, preferably 0.01 to 0.0001 mol, per 100 mol of the compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule. The If it is less than 0.00001 mol, the effect as a catalyst with respect to the compound which has a thiol group and a hydroxyl group which is an initiator is low, and if it exceeds 0.1 mol, manufacturing cost becomes high and is not preferable.
[0026]
The acrylic monomer used to prepare the acrylic prepolymer has (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester as a main component. Specific examples of alkyl (meth) acrylates include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, (meth ) Hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, and the like.
[0027]
In addition, the acrylic monomer used to prepare the acrylic prepolymer may be one monomer of (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester, but a combination of two or more monomers. Also good. Furthermore, you may combine monomers other than (meth) acrylic-acid alkylester, for example, the monomer shown below can be mentioned.
Salts such as (meth) acrylic acid and alkali metal salts of (meth) acrylic acid;
(Meth) acrylic acid aryl esters such as phenyl (meth) acrylate and benzyl (meth) acrylate;
Alkoxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, propoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethoxypropyl (meth) acrylate;
(Meth) acrylonitrile; vinyl acetate; vinyl chloride; vinylidene chloride;
Halogenated vinyl compounds such as (meth) acrylic acid-2-chloroethyl;
(Meth) acrylic acid esters of alicyclic alcohols such as (meth) acrylic acid cyclohexyl;
Oxazoline group-containing polymerizable compounds such as 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline;
Aziridine group-containing polymerizable compounds such as (meth) acryloylaziridine and (meth) acrylic acid-2-aziridinylethyl;
(Meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl, (meth) acrylic acid-3-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid-4-hydroxybutyl, (meth) acrylic acid polypropylene Hydroxyl group-containing vinyl compounds such as monoesters with glycol or polyethylene glycol, adducts of lactones with 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate;
Fluorine-containing vinyl monomers such as fluorine-substituted (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters;
Unsaturated carboxylic acids such as itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, their salts, and (partially) ester compounds and acid anhydrides, excluding (meth) acrylic acid;
Reactive halogen-containing vinyl monomers such as 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether and monochloro vinyl acetate;
Amide group-containing vinyl monomers such as (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide;
Organosilicon group-containing vinyl compound monomers such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, trimethoxysilylpropylallylamine, 2-methoxyethoxytrimethoxysilane; and
Diene compounds such as ethyldennorbornene, piperidine, isoprene, pentadiene, vinylcyclohexene, chloroprene, butadiene, methylbutadiene, cyclobutadiene, methylbutadiene.
Is mentioned.
[0028]
In addition, poly (meth) acrylates such as trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, dimethylol tricyclodecandi Hyperbranched by combining monomers having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups in the molecule such as (meth) acrylate, 2,2-bis [4-((meth) acryloxyethoxy) phenyl] propane A polymer having a structure may be used.
[0029]
The acrylic prepolymer is a polymerizable monomer having, as a main component, the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester, using a compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule as a polymerization initiator in an inert gas atmosphere. Although the polymer is obtained by bulk polymerization, the number average molecular weight by GPC needs to be 500 or more and 100,000 or less, and preferably 500 to 10,000. When the number average molecular weight is less than 500, the content of the acrylic skeleton contained in one molecule is low, the properties unique to the (meth) acrylic skeleton are hardly expressed, and the solid content (nonvolatile content) of the final product is reduced. It will be. Furthermore, when the number average molecular weight exceeds 100,000, the viscosity of the compound reacts with a compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule or a compound having an epoxy group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule. The workability is lowered due to the rise and the decrease in fluidity, and the reaction rate is liable to be lowered.
[0030]
As a polymerizable unsaturated group of a compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule or a compound having an epoxy group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule used in the present invention, a (meth) acryloyl group, a vinyl group An aryl group, and the like. Specific examples of the compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule include (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl, (meth) acrylic acid-3-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxy Examples thereof include propyl, monohydroxy 4-propylbutyl (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate or polyethylene glycol, lactones and 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate. Specific examples of the compound having an epoxy group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule include allyl glycidyl ether, (meth) acrylic acid glycidyl ether, (meth) acrylic acid-2-ethylglycidyl ether, and the like.
[0031]
The compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule or a compound having a compound having an epoxy group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule is used in the acrylic prepolymer in the acrylic prepolymer. Is used in an amount such that the carboxyl group is usually 100 to 120 mol, preferably 105 to 115 mol, per 100 mol of hydroxyl group present in
[0032]
The reaction between the acrylic prepolymer and the compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule may use a conventionally known esterification reaction. More specifically, it is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent such as benzene or toluene which is distilled off azeotropically with water under an acidic catalyst such as paratoluenesulfonic acid or sulfuric acid. After completion of esterification, impurities can be removed by neutralization, washing with water, distilling off the solvent, and the like.
[0033]
Moreover, what is necessary is just to utilize a conventionally well-known ring-opening addition reaction for reaction of the said acrylic type prepolymer, the said epoxy group, and the compound which has a polymerizable unsaturated group. More specifically, the reaction is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent such as benzene or toluene which is distilled off azeotropically with water in the presence of a catalyst such as a metal complex, an amine or an organic acid. After completion of the ring-opening addition reaction, impurities can be removed by neutralization, washing with water, distilling off the solvent, and the like.
[0034]
The acrylic polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group at the molecular terminal of the present invention is a viscous liquid, and has a polymerizable unsaturated group. Vehicles, primer resins, ink binders, coated coating resins on the surface of inorganic materials such as cement, mortar, metal and glass, sheet molded products (eg, breathable sheets, protective sheets, water shielding sheets, vibration damping sheets, transfer sheets) , Light control sheet, antistatic sheet, conductive sheet, curing sheet, sound insulation sheet, light shielding sheet, decorative sheet, marking sheet, flame retardant sheet), film molded product (eg; marking film, protective film, ink fixing film, laminate film) ), Foams (including hard foams, soft foams, semi-rigid foams, flame retardant foams, etc.), reactive plasticizers, plasticizers, diluents Compatibilizers, binders and reactive diluents for UV curable resins, binder resins and diluents for radical curable syrup type traffic paints, intermediate materials, grafting agents and blocking agents for vinyl resin synthesis, NBR, IIR, SBR and other rubber modifiers and crosslinking agents, modifier raw materials, resin raw materials such as various block polymers as macromers, modifying raw materials, additives, fiber modifiers, fiber surfaces Treatment agent, paper processing agent, paper modifier, surfactant, dispersion stabilizer, dispersion medium, solvent, viscosity modifier, adsorbent, hair treatment agent, toner additive, charge control agent, antistatic agent, low Shrinking agent, antifogging agent, antifouling agent, hydrophilicity imparting agent, lipophilicity imparting agent, pharmaceutical carrier, agricultural chemical carrier, cosmetic compounding agent, lubricant, polymer alloy additive, gel coat agent, FRP resin, FRP resin Additive, Resin for artificial marble, Resin additive for artificial marble, Resin for injection molding product, Raw material for UV / EV curable resin, Tackifier, Various binders (Example: Binder for magnetic recording medium, Binder for casting, Fired body Binder, glass fiber sizing material binder), RIM urethane modifier, laminated glass resin, damping material, sound insulation material, separation membrane resin, soundproofing material, sound absorbing material, artificial leather, artificial skin, synthetic leather, Various industrial parts, daily necessities, molded products for toiletries, binders for resist materials, additives for resist materials, diluents for resist materials, resist agents, additives for photoresist materials, diluents, binders, release control agents, etc. Can be used.
[0035]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0036]
Manufacture of acrylic prepolymer
[Production Example 1]
A flask equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen introducing tube, a thermometer and a reflux condenser was charged with 100 parts by weight of lauryl methacrylate, and the contents in the flask were heated to 80 ° C. while introducing nitrogen gas into the flask.
Subsequently, 5 parts by weight of β-mercaptopropionic acid sufficiently purged with nitrogen gas was added to the stirred flask. Then, cooling and warming were performed for 2 hours so that the temperature of the content in the stirring flask could be maintained at 80 degreeC. Subsequently, the polymerization reaction was carried out for 6 hours while cooling and warming so that the temperature of the contents in the flask under stirring could be maintained at 95 ° C.
[0037]
After a total of 8 hours of reaction as described above, the temperature of the reaction product was returned to room temperature, and 20 parts by weight of a benzoquinone solution (95% THF solution) was added to the reaction product to stop the polymerization. With respect to the THF solution of the reaction product thus obtained, the monomer residual ratio was measured using gas chromatography to determine the polymerization rate. As a result, a reaction product having a polymerization rate of 71% was obtained.
[0038]
Subsequently, the obtained reaction product was transferred to an evaporator, and THF, residual monomer, and residual thiol compound were removed while gradually heating to 80 ° C. under reduced pressure. The 150 ° C. heating residue of the polymer thus obtained was 99.0%.
Moreover, the molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) about the obtained polymer is Mw = 4600, Mn = 2300, dispersion index = 2.1, and the viscosity in 23 degreeC is 6.7. (Pa · s).
[0039]
[Production Example 2]
A flask equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen inlet tube, a thermometer and a reflux condenser was charged with 95 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 5 parts by weight of styrene, and 0.1 part by weight of ruthenocene dichloride, and nitrogen gas was introduced into the flask. The contents in the flask were heated to 80 ° C.
Next, 8 parts by weight of β-mercaptopropionic acid sufficiently purged with nitrogen gas was added to the stirred flask. Then, cooling and heating were performed for 2 hours so that the temperature of the contents in the flask under stirring could be maintained at 80 ° C. Furthermore, 6 parts by weight of β-mercaptopropionic acid sufficiently substituted with nitrogen gas was additionally added to the stirred flask. Thereafter, the polymerization reaction was carried out for 6 hours while further cooling and heating so that the temperature of the contents in the flask under stirring could be maintained at 95 ° C.
[0040]
After a total of 8 hours of reaction as described above, the temperature of the reaction product was returned to room temperature, and 20 parts by weight of a benzoquinone solution (95% THF solution) was added to the reaction product to stop the polymerization. With respect to the THF solution of the reaction product thus obtained, the monomer residual ratio was measured using gas chromatography to determine the polymerization rate. As a result, a reaction product having a polymerization rate of 78% was obtained, and no runaway polymerization reaction was observed during the polymerization.
[0041]
Subsequently, the obtained reaction product was transferred to an evaporator, and THF, residual monomers, and residual thiol compounds were removed while gradually heating to 80 ° C. under reduced pressure. The 150 ° C. heating residue of the polymer thus obtained was 99.4%.
Moreover, the molecular weight measured by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) about the obtained polymer is Mw = 2200, Mn = 1100, dispersion index = 2.0, and the viscosity in 23 degreeC is 2.6. (Pa · s).
[0042]
[Comparative Production Example 1]
A flask equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen gas inlet tube, a thermometer and a reflux condenser is charged with 95 parts by weight of butyl acrylate and 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid, and the contents of the flask are introduced while introducing nitrogen gas into the flask. Heated to 80 ° C.
[0043]
Subsequently, 0.1 parts by weight of azobisisobutyronitrile and 20 parts by weight of dodecyl mercaptan were gradually added as a radical polymerization initiator over 1 hour. After the addition, the reaction was carried out for 7 hours while cooling and heating so that the temperature of the contents in the flask could be maintained at 80 ° C.
[0044]
After performing the above reaction for a total of 8 hours, a part of the reaction product was collected, a benzoquinone solution (95% THF solution) was added, and the residual monomer ratio was measured using gas chromatography. 87%.
Subsequently, the obtained reaction product was transferred to an evaporator, and the residual monomer and the residual initiator were removed while gradually heating to 80 ° C. under reduced pressure.
[0045]
The acrylic prepolymer (C-1) thus obtained had a heating residue at 150 ° C. of 96.3%. The molecular weight of the acrylic prepolymer (C-1) measured by GPC is Mw = 930, Mn = 610, dispersion index = 1.5, and the viscosity at 23 ° C. is 0.80 (Pa · s). Met.
[0046]
[Reference example 1]
100 parts by weight of acrylic prepolymer (A) obtained in Production Example 1 in a flask equipped with a stirrer, a dry nitrogen gas introduction tube, a thermometer, a reflux condenser equipped with a molecular sieve, a dropping funnel and a fractionation condenser 10 parts by weight of toluene, 1 part by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid and 0.5 parts by weight of hydroquinone monomethyl ether were charged, and the flask was heated to 100 ° C. while replacing the air in the flask with dry nitrogen gas.
[0047]
Subsequently, 26 parts by weight of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was added dropwise over 2 hours while maintaining the contents of the flask at 100 ° C. After completion of the dropping, the esterification reaction was carried out while maintaining the temperature at 100 ° C. under reduced pressure and azeotropically distilling toluene and condensed water out of the reaction system.
[0048]
After completion of the esterification reaction, the contents of the flask were cooled to 40 ° C., washed with a 3% aqueous sodium carbonate solution, and further washed twice with water.
Next, the contents of the flask are transferred to an evaporator, and while gradually heating to 100 ° C. under reduced pressure, residual moisture and toluene are distilled off to obtain an acrylic polymer (1) having a polymerizable unsaturated group at the molecular end. It was.
[0049]
The obtained acrylic polymer (1) had a viscosity at 23 ° C. of 0.53 (Pa · s). Moreover, when the residual hydroxyl group in acrylic polymer (1) was investigated by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum), the absorption resulting from a carboxyl group has completely disappeared.2-hydroxyethyl methacrylateAn acryloyl group derived from was observed.
[0050]
[Example 2]
100 parts by weight of acrylic prepolymer (B) obtained in Production Example 2 in a flask equipped with a stirrer, dry nitrogen gas introduction tube, thermometer, reflux condenser equipped with molecular sieve, dropping funnel and fractionation condenser , 0.5 parts by weight of hydroquinone monomethyl ether, 3.0 parts by weight of triethylamine and 26 parts by weight of glycidyl methacrylate were charged, and the temperature in the flask was increased from room temperature to 80 ° C. over 1 hour while replacing the air in the flask with dry nitrogen gas. did.
[0051]
Subsequently, the reaction was carried out for 3 hours while keeping the contents of the flask at 80 ° C., and then the reaction was carried out for 1 hour while keeping at 100 ° C. under reduced pressure and removing triethylamine out of the reaction system.
[0052]
After completion of the reaction, the contents of the flask were cooled to 40 ° C. to obtain an acrylic polymer (2) having a polymerizable unsaturated group at the molecular end.
[0053]
The obtained acrylic polymer (2) had a viscosity at 23 ° C. of 1.3 (Pa · s). Moreover, when the residual carboxyl group in an acrylic polymer (2) was investigated by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum), the absorption resulting from a carboxyl group has disappeared completely, and it originates in glycidyl methacrylate. An acryloyl group was observed.
[0054]
[Comparative Example 1]
A polymerizable unsaturated group was used at the molecular end in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the acrylic prepolymer (C-1) obtained in Comparative Production Example 1 was used instead of the acrylic prepolymer (A). An acrylic polymer (3) was obtained.
[0055]
The resulting acrylic polymer (3) had a viscosity at 23 ° C. of 0.48 (Pa · s). Further, when the acrylic polymer (3) was examined by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum), the absorption due to the carboxyl group was completely disappeared.2-hydroxyethyl methacrylateThe acryloyl group resulting from was observed.
[0056]
[Reference Example 1]
In a beaker with a capacity of 200 ml, 100 parts by weight of acrylic polymer (1) and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate (trade name: Perocta O, Nippon Oil & Fats as initiator) 0.1 parts by weight) was mixed and sufficiently stirred and mixed with a mixer until the contents in the beaker were uniform. The resulting blend was applied to a polyethylene film (film thickness 50 μm) using a bar coder to a coating thickness of 50 μm, and a polyethylene film (film thickness 50 μm) was placed thereon. This was left to stand in a dryer at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to obtain a film-formed product (1).
The obtained film-formed product (1) was subjected to Soxhlet extraction using an acetone solvent, and the gel fraction (%) was determined to be 81%.
[0057]
[Reference Example 2]
A filmed product (2) was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that the acrylic polymer (2) was used. When the gel fraction of the obtained film-formed product (2) was examined, it was 89%.
[0058]
[Comparative Reference Example 1]
A filmed product (3) was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that the acrylic polymer (3) was used. When the gel fraction of the obtained film-formed product (3) was examined, it was 46%, which was considerably lower than that of the film-formed product (1) and film-formed product (2).
This means that there are quite a few molecules in the acrylic polymer (3) that do not have a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule.
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
The acrylic polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group at the molecular terminal of the present invention does not contain an emulsifier or a dispersant, and is a conventionally known initiator such as a solvent compound residue, azo-based or peroxide-based at the molecular terminal. There is no residue, and a polymerizable unsaturated group is reliably introduced at the molecular end.
[0060]
Moreover, the acrylic polymer which has a polymerizable unsaturated group of this invention in the molecular terminal introduce | transduces a polymerizable unsaturated group into the prepolymer by using the prepolymer obtained as a viscous liquid without a solvent. At this time, since it is not always necessary to remove the solvent, the polymer has a polymer whose molecular ends are sufficiently controlled.
Claims (1)
(メタ)アクリル酸−2−ヒドロキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸−3−ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸−2−ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸−4−ヒドロキシブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリプロピレングリコールよりなる群から選ばれる1種以上の分子内に水酸基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物又はアリルグリシジルエーテル、(メタ)アクリル酸グリシジルエーテル、(メタ)アクリル酸−2−エチルグリシジルエーテルよりなる群から選ばれる1種以上の分子内にエポキシ基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物とを、反応させてなる(ただし、前記分子内に水酸基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物の水酸基のモル数又は前記分子内にエポキシ基及び重合性不飽和基を有する化合物のエポキシ基のモル数が、前記アクリル系プレポリマーのカルボキシル基のモル数100モルに対して、100〜120モルである)ことにより分子末端に重合性不飽和基を有するアクリル系重合体、および(Meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl, (meth) acrylic acid-3-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid-4-hydroxybutyl, (meth) acrylic acid polypropylene A compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in one or more molecules selected from the group consisting of glycol, or allyl glycidyl ether, (meth) acrylic acid glycidyl ether, (meth) acrylic acid-2-ethylglycidyl ether A compound having an epoxy group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in at least one molecule selected from the group is reacted (however, the mole of the hydroxyl group of the compound having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule); Or the number of moles of the epoxy group of the compound having an epoxy group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule Acrylic polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group with respect to the number of moles to 100 moles of the carboxyl group of the acrylic prepolymer, the molecular end by 100 to 120 mol and is) that, and
下記[I]式で表される金属化合物(ただし、前記分子内にチオール基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物100モルに対して、0.1〜0.00001モルの範囲内にある)を含有することを特徴とする混合物。Containing a metal compound represented by the following formula [I] (however, in the range of 0.1 to 0.00001 mol with respect to 100 mol of the compound having a thiol group and a carboxyl group in the molecule) A mixture characterized by.
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| JP4918819B2 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2012-04-18 | 東ソー株式会社 | Petroleum resin acrylate and method for producing the same |
| JP4941647B2 (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2012-05-30 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | Resin composition for forming a liquid crystal alignment layer |
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