JP4882820B2 - Elevator speed detection method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevator apparatus, and more particularly to an elevator apparatus provided with a device that detects the speed and position of a car.

  As a method of measuring the relative speed between the elevator car (described below) and the guide rail, there is a method in which a roller connected to a rotary encoder or governor is installed on the car and the roller is pressed against the guide rail. Has been used. In Patent Document 1, a roller with an encoder is pressed against a guide rail by a mechanism using a spring and an arm. As a similar configuration example, there are many examples that are not quoted depending on the pressing mode, such as a method of using gravity in addition to the spring pressure.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a method of increasing the contact area with a guide rail using a crawler (an annular belt that is wound around a plurality of pulleys and driven to rotate).

JP-A 61-277573 JP 2006-151610 A

  In the conventional speed detection method described above, torque for rotating a roller (including a crawler) connected to an encoder or a speed governor is generated by friction with a guide rail. Therefore, even if the roller press (drag) is increased by various methods, the torque is generated through the friction coefficient. Since the coefficient of friction varies greatly depending on conditions such as the lubrication state and aging of the contact member, a design with a large safety factor is essential for stable speed detection.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for rotating a roller without using a friction coefficient.

  A first magnetism generating means installed on the rail at a predetermined interval; a second magnetism generating means arranged at a predetermined interval on the outer periphery of the rotating body; and a means for converting the rotational motion of the rotating body into an electrical pulse ( For example, the outer peripheral portion having the second magnetism generating means in the rotating body is opposed to the first magnetism generating means of the rail while maintaining a spatial distance.

  According to the present invention, a rotating body (hereinafter referred to as a detection roller) having magnetism generating means on the outer peripheral portion rotates in a non-contact manner with the guide rail by a magnetic force in accordance with a relative position change with the car and the guide rail. Speed detection independent of coefficients can be performed. Thus, it is possible to avoid roller slippage due to a change in the state of the interface.

(Example)
FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of an elevator apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The speed detection means 0112 installed in the car 0105 moves in conjunction with the car movement 0113. The output of the speed detection means 0112 is sent to the control device 0111. When the control device 0111 determines that the speed is excessive, the brake 0109 or the like is operated as necessary. Further, the output of the speed detection means 0112 may be determined by a local speed determination device 0110 installed in the car, and an emergency stop (not shown) may be operated based on the judgment only on the car. Reference numeral 0106 is a main rope, 0107 is a counterweight, and 0108 is a sheave attached to a hoisting machine.

  Next, FIG. 1 shows a part extracted from the speed detection means 0112.

In FIG. 1A, reference numeral 0101 denotes a disk-shaped rotating body, 0102 denotes a guide rail, 0103 denotes guide rail side magnetism generating means, and 0104 denotes a rotary encoder. A bearing (not shown) of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 and the rotary encoder 0104 are connected to a car 0105. Here, the guide rail side magnetism generating unit 0103 or the guide rail 0102 is installed in a positional relationship without contact with the disk-shaped rotating body 0101. Here, assuming that the moving direction of the car is 2102, the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 moves in conjunction with the car and rolls in the 2101 direction. By converting this rolling into pulses by the rotary encoder 0104, the relative movement distance between the guide rail and the car is calculated. The moving speed is calculated from the time variation of the moving distance.

  FIG. 1B is a view of FIG. 1A viewed from the + x direction. The guide rail side magnetism generating means 0103 is opposed to the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 with a non-zero gap distance g 2105. Reference numeral 2106 denotes a magnetic force in the attraction direction acting on the individual elements of the magnetism generating means. If, for example, a permanent magnet is used as the magnetism generating means, both magnetic forces of attraction and repulsion can be utilized by arranging magnetic poles different from each other alternately as shown in 2103 and 2104. Furthermore, the rotation angle at the time of the synchronization shift between the disk-shaped rotating body and the guide rail magnetism generating means becomes large, and the detection of the synchronization shift becomes easy. The guide rail side magnetism generating unit 0103 does not necessarily need to be supported using the guide rail, and may be supported using a dedicated rail.

  FIG. 3 shows an application example of a rotary damper. A rotary damper 2201 in FIG. 4A provides a braking action against rotation. FIG. 4B shows an example of the effect when using the rotary damper, where the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents speed. Assuming that there is a step input at a speed such as 2205, a large overshoot is shown as in 2206 when the damping amount is small. When the amount of damping is increased, the amount of overshoot decreases as 2207. When the overshoot amount exceeds a certain value, the synchronization between the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 and the guide rail side magnetism generating means 0103 is lost, so that the step-out is prevented by giving an appropriate damping amount. In FIG. 3, although it is provided between the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 and the rotary encoder 0104, the order is arbitrary as long as it is mechanically coupled.

  FIG. 4 shows an application example of the active damper. The torque generated in the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 by the magnetic force decreases as the rotational speed increases. If the horizontal axis represents the rotational speed and the vertical axis represents the damping amount, the appropriate amount of damping decreases with the rotational speed as shown in FIG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5A, by using an active damper 2202 whose damping amount can be adjusted, the damping amount is changed depending on the rotational speed, so that a stable position or speed can be detected over a wide rotational speed range. It becomes possible. In consideration of the starting torque from the stationary state of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101, the amount of damping may be reduced in a region where the rotational speed is low, such as 2211.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a rotary damper with a rotation assist function. In the method using the same damper, torque in the urging direction (assist) opposite to the braking direction (damping) is generated, particularly in a region where the rotational speed of the disk-shaped rotator 0101 is large, thereby preventing step-out. Features. In order to realize this function, the sensor 2203 and the motor control device 2204 are used, and a configuration similar to that of the synchronous motor that drives the motor 2212 is adopted. In the motor control device 2204, the positional relationship with the guide rail side magnetism generating unit 0103 detected by the sensor 2203 and the rotation state of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 detected by the rotary encoder 0104 are compared, and the phase relationship between the two is grasped. . When the phase lag is a certain value or more, the motor is driven so as to generate an assist force, and when the phase advance is more than a certain value, the motor is driven so as to generate a damping force.
Reference numeral 2209 denotes a characteristic example of the rotation assist damper. In a region where the rotational speed of the horizontal axis is a certain amount or more, the damping amount becomes 0 or less (assist direction), and the rotation is assisted. If the starting torque from the stationary state of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 is large, the assist may be performed at the time of starting like 2210.

  FIG. 6 shows an example in which a cover is applied to the magnetism generating means. 2230 is an example of a cover installed on the magnetism generating means on the guide rail side, and prevents deposits from accumulating on the gaps and the surface of the guide rail side magnetism generating means individual element 2103. Further, in addition to the antifouling effect, when the disk-like rotating body 0101 and other members come into contact with each other, it also functions to protect the guide rail side magnetism generating means individual element 2103. If the cover 2230 is made of an elastic material such as resin or rubber, an impact mitigating effect can be expected in the case of a collision with a member. Similarly, if a metal such as stainless steel is used as the material of the cover 2230, durability against aging can be expected. When a metal is used for the material of the cover 2230, it is desirable to use a non-magnetic material. However, a magnetic material having a thin plate thickness can be used because the magnetic flux leaks beyond the saturation magnetic flux density. Reference numeral 2232 denotes a cleaning roller, which can be forcibly removed even when dust containing a magnetic material such as iron powder adheres. In addition to the roller, the cleaning roller 2232 may be a fluid such as a spatula, felt, sponge, or compressed air. The attachment position of the cleaning roller 2232 may be provided on both sides of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101. The cleaning for the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 may be performed at the time of inspection. A cleaning roller for the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 may be provided.

  Reference numeral 2231 denotes an example of a cover installed on the magnetism generating means on the disk-shaped rotating body side. The effect is that, in addition to antifouling and protection as in the case of the guide rail side cover, it can also serve to prevent the disk-like rotating body side magnetism generating means individual element 2104 from falling off due to centrifugal force. A frictional rubber material may be used in preparation for pressing the inspection roller during periodic inspection. Further, instead of directly pressing the inspection roller against the disk-shaped rotating body 0101, an inspection pulley or coupler may be provided separately.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of partial precision position detection. In the present embodiment, the guide rail side magnetism generating means 0103 is partially provided in the car moving section in the hoistway, and an accurate position is grasped only in the vicinity where the means is installed. A specific application example is precise alignment between each floor and the car floor. Reference numerals 0103-a and 0103-b in FIG. 7 (a) are partially installed guide rail side magnetism generating means. Accordingly, the guide rail side magnetism generating means non-installation section 2235 is the guide rail side magnetism generating means installation section. The length of the guide rail side magnetism generating means installation section 2235 is a length in which a precise position measurement of the car 0105 is necessary and a necessary margin before and after that. FIG. 7B shows a state in which the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 faces the guide rail side magnetism generating means non-installation section 2234. In this state, the disk-shaped rotating body is held at a predetermined angle by the initial position setting weight 2233 laid on the disk-shaped rotating body 0101.

  FIG. 7C shows a state in which the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 faces the guide rail side magnetism generating means installation section 2235. In this state, the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 rotates in synchronization with the guide rail side magnetism generating unit 0103, and the position can be measured. Here, 2233-a is the position of the initial position setting weight before the disk-shaped rotator 0101 starts to rotate, and 2233-b is the position of the initial position setting weight after the start of rotation. The initial position setting weight 2233 is not limited to a separate weight, but by partial adjustment of the thickness of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 or partial adjustment of the mass of the disk-shaped rotating body-side magnetism generating unit individual element 2104. A function similar to that of the weight may be provided. Further, the initial position may be forcibly adjusted using a motor. The installation position of the speed detection means 0112 is not limited to the position on the car, but may be on the side of the car or on the side as 0112-b. These may be determined in consideration of the ease of installation and adjustment of the fragmentary guide rail side magnetism generating means 0103-a and 0103-b. Further, as shown in FIG. 7D, the hoistway side magnetism generating means 3103 may be installed on the hoistway side support means 3104 different from the guide rail, instead of the guide rail side magnetism generating means. The hoistway side support means 3104 may be intermittently arranged in the hoistway and used for precise floor alignment.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment for preventing rotational resistance due to eddy current. As the rotation of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 increases, an eddy current is generated on the guide rail 0102 side by the magnetism generating means of the disk-shaped rotating body, thereby preventing the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 from rotating. This phenomenon becomes remarkable when the gap 2251 between the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 and the sliding surface of the guide rail 0102 is small as shown in FIG. 8A. Therefore, as shown in FIG. By providing an inclination in the attachment of 0101, the gap is enlarged and the resistance due to eddy current is reduced. A method other than the inclination of the shaft may be used as long as it is a spatial arrangement in which eddy current is difficult to generate. Further, the generation of eddy currents may be reduced by devising the magnetization shape or yoke shape of the magnetic shield or the disk-like rotating body side magnetism generating means individual element 2104.

  FIG. 9 is an example of avoiding interference with the rail mounting member. Many guide members 0253 such as coupling bolts and wall surface fixing clips are attached to the guide rail 0102 in many cases. Therefore, if the guide rail side magnetism generating means 0103 and the discoid rotating body 0101 are arranged in the positional relationship as shown in the figure, interference with the member 2253 can be avoided.

  FIG. 10 shows a configuration example of a disk-shaped rotating body. In FIG. 9A, the disc-like rotator-side magnetism generating means individual element 2104 is attached to the inner side (the side facing the rotating shaft) of the hollow disc-like rotator 0101. According to this attachment position, it is possible to support the load on the disk-shaped rotating body side magnetism generating means individual element 2104 due to centrifugal force by the main body structure of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101. Therefore, the required strength of the disk-shaped rotating body side magnetism generating means mounting member 2254 can be reduced, and the weight of the member can be reduced. In addition, it is known that when the guide rail side magnetism generating means individual element 2103 and the disk-shaped rotating body side magnetism generating means individual element 2104 are in direct contact, it is necessary to apply a considerable amount of load in order to separate them. ing. Therefore, when a structure in which the magnetism generating means may be in direct contact with each other is required, it is necessary to give the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 and its supporting member strength in consideration of the load for separation. 10A, since the structural member of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 is always interposed between the magnetic generating means, direct contact between the magnetic generating means can be prevented and the minimum strength of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 is limited. Can be relaxed. In addition, since the impact at the time of collision of the foreign matter does not directly act on the disk-like rotating body side magnetism generating means individual element 2104, the impact resistance can be improved.

  FIG. 10B shows an embodiment in which the disk-like rotator-side magnetism generating means individual element 2104 is attached to the outside of the edge of the disk-like rotator 0101. If the distance between the magnetism generating means is the same as in FIG. 10A, in this configuration, it is possible to increase the gap distance g2 between the disc-shaped rotating body 0101 and the guide rail side magnetism generating means individual element 2103. .

  A configuration in which a magnetic force acts on the side surface of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 as shown in FIG. Similarly, a configuration in which a magnetic force acts obliquely on the rotating shaft 2255 of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 (an umbrella wheel shape, not shown) may be employed.

  FIG. 11A shows an embodiment in which the contact of the disk-shaped rotating body is allowed. In the present embodiment, there exists a state in which the gap distance 2105 between the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 and the guide rail side magnetism generating unit 0103 is zero. Cases in which the gap distance is zero are large when the advantage can be obtained by intentionally setting the gap distance to zero, and when the advantage can be obtained by allowing the gap distance to be zero without intention. Separated. Advantages of the former include assisting the rolling of the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 or assisting the damping effect by increasing the time ratio of continuous contact or contact. As the latter advantage, by allowing the disk-shaped rotating body 0101 to contact, the average gap distance can be set small, and the distance between the magnetism generating means is reduced. Therefore, an effect of increasing torque by magnetic force can be expected. When the gap distance is allowed to be zero, by using at least one of the guide rail magnetism generating means side cover 2230 or the discoid rotating body side magnetism generating means cover 2231, the discoid rotating body 0101 and other speed detection mechanisms are damaged, Can prevent slipping during rolling.

  FIG. 11B shows an example in which the gap distance is dynamically controlled using the active suspension mechanism 2257. In this configuration, the magnetic force can be adjusted by adjusting the gap when the assisting effect or the damping effect is required for the disk-shaped rotating body 0101. If necessary, a contact state in which the gap distance is 0 is also used. Furthermore, at the time of contact, it may also serve as an active buffer.

  In the configuration in which the gap distance 0 is allowed, the guide rail side magnetism generating means individual element 2103 may not be provided only at a location where the guide rail mounting member 2253 exists. The torque of the missing part of the element ensures the measurement accuracy by utilizing the magnetic force of the adjacent non-missing element, the friction torque due to contact, and the inertia of the disk-like rotating body 0101.

Speed detection means extraction diagram. The elevator schematic block diagram. Application example of rotary damper. Active damper application example. An example of a damper with a rotation assist function. An example of a magnetism generating means cover. An example of partial precision position detection. An example of preventing rotational resistance due to eddy currents. An example of interference avoidance of a rail mounting member. Example of disk-shaped rotating body configuration. An example of allowing contact with a disk-shaped rotating body.

Explanation of symbols

0101 Discoid rotating body 0102 Guide rail 0103 Guide rail side magnetism generating means 0104 Rotary encoder 0105 Car (car)
0106 Main rope 0107 Balance weight 0108 Sheave 0109 Brake 0110 Speed determination device 0111 Control device 0112 Speed detection means 2103 Guide rail side magnetism generating means individual element 2104 Discoid rotating body side magnetism generating means individual element 2201 Rotary damper 2202 Active damper 2203 Sensor 2204 Motor Control device 2209 Rotation assist damper 2212 Motor 2230 Guide rail magnetism generating means side cover 2231 Disc-shaped rotating body side magnetism generating means cover 2232 Cleaning roller 2233 Initial position setting weight 2253 Guide rail mounting member 2254 Disc-shaped rotating body side magnetism generating means mounting member 2255 Rotating shaft 2256 of disk-shaped rotating body Passive suspension mechanism 2257 Active suspension mechanism 3103 Hoistway side magnetism generating means 31 04 hoistway side support means

Claims (6)

A car that moves in the hoistway, a rail that is installed over the moving range of the car in the hoistway, a first magnetism generating means that is installed on the rail at a predetermined interval, and a second that is provided on the outer periphery. A rotating body that moves in the hoistway in conjunction with the car, and a means for converting the rotational motion of the rotating body into an electrical pulse.
The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the outer peripheral portion including the second magnetism generating unit in the rotating body faces the first magnetism generating unit of the rail while maintaining a spatial distance. A car that moves in the hoistway, a rail that is installed over a range of movement of the car in the hoistway, and a first magnetism generator that is installed at a predetermined interval over at least a portion of the rail. A rotating body that has second magnetism generating means on the outer periphery at a predetermined interval and moves in the hoistway in conjunction with the car, and means for converting the rotational motion of the rotating body into an electrical pulse; Means for setting a rotation angle position of the rotating body to a predetermined angle,
The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the outer peripheral portion including the second magnetism generating unit in the rotating body faces the first magnetism generating unit of the rail while maintaining a spatial distance.   3. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for generating a resistance force in a direction that prevents the rotation of the rotating body from rotating.   4. The elevator apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a resistance force of the means for generating a resistance force against the rotational motion is changed according to a rotational speed.   The elevator apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising means for generating a resistance force in a direction to prevent rotation or a negative resistance force in a direction to energize rotation with respect to the rotational motion of the rotating body. . The elevator apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the first magnetism generating means is installed in another hoistway side supporting means instead of the rail .

Images