JP4885725B2 - 改善された電気透析システム及びプロセス - Google Patents
改善された電気透析システム及びプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP4885725B2 JP4885725B2 JP2006538226A JP2006538226A JP4885725B2 JP 4885725 B2 JP4885725 B2 JP 4885725B2 JP 2006538226 A JP2006538226 A JP 2006538226A JP 2006538226 A JP2006538226 A JP 2006538226A JP 4885725 B2 JP4885725 B2 JP 4885725B2
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Classifications
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- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
- B01D61/48—Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material, e.g. electrodeionisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
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- B01D61/423—Electrodialysis comprising multiple electrodialysis steps
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- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
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- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
- C02F1/4695—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis electrodeionisation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Description
EDで使用されるIX樹脂及び膜は、正負の一方又は他方の符号のイオンに対して非常に選択性がある。膜を通過するイオンの大部分は、膜と、イオンが減損している(溶液又はストリームを「希釈する(dilute)」若しくは「希釈している(diluting)」とは、当技術分野で周知の通りである)近傍の溶液との間の界面に沿って発生する薄い層流フロー層を横切って周囲溶液から拡散することによって、膜壁に到達しなければならない。希釈溶液を通るイオンの最大拡散速度はかかる膜界面での電解質の濃度が本質的にゼロの場合にもたらされる。かかる膜界面でのゼロ濃度に対応する電流密度を、当技術分野では限界電流密度と称している。限界電流密度を増大させるためには、イオン拡散速度を増大させる必要がある。これは、層流フロー層の厚さを薄くすることによって達成することができる。例えば、流体のいくつかの動的パラメータを変更させるか、周囲溶液がより速く膜表面を通って流れるようにするか、且つ/又は乱流を促進させるものを用いるか、且つ/又は流体の温度を上昇させることによって達成することができる。後者のアプローチは、その粘度(したがって層流層の挙動)の温度依存性が非常に高くてよい植物(例えば植物性)シロップに特に有用であるが、その交換機能を損なうことなくより高温に耐えるイオン交換樹脂の能力に限界があるため、これは更に限られたものとなる。実際的な限界電流密度は一般に、各溶液立方メートル当たりのキログラム当量の塩について5000〜10000アンペア/m2(例えば、各溶液リットル当たりのグラム当量の塩について0.5〜1アンペア/cm2)である。通常の汽水は約0.05kg当量/m3(例えば、約0.05当量/l又は約3000パーツパーミリオン(「ppm」))の塩濃度を有しており、したがって、約250〜500アンペア/m2(0.025〜0.05アンペア/cm2)の限界電流密度を有している。多くの食品工業用途で、塩濃度を加工要件に適合するように改変することができる。しかしいずれにしろ、最終ステップ又は生成物処理のステップで塩濃度を非常に低くすることになるので、加えた塩を後続のステップでしばしば除去しなければならない。
ED(EDRを含む)は食物用途に多くの食品工業プラントで用いられており、かかる用途範囲は拡大しており、圧倒的な乳清加工用途から、果汁、加工でんぷん又は砂糖シロップの加工及び穀物スラリー、副生成物や部分加工食品生成物ストリームの分離又は精製、並びに発酵製品及び特殊化学製品(後者の分野の例は、例えば発酵プロセスからのL−乳酸などの副生成物)へ拡張されてきている。これらのED処理は予想外の効率を可能にすることができる。例えば、安定した培養条件を維持するための、前のステージへの濃縮塩の戻し、通常の濾過ステージを通過した「生物学的」生成物の回収、排出系ストリームからの規制成分の除去、或いは収率を増大させ、廃棄物又は廃棄処理経費を低減させるか又はED分離プロセスに価値を付加する他の利点などのである。
i)高いイオンの流れ、したがって高いミネラル除去速度の達成、
ii)過度の分極の回避、
iii)濃縮ストリームマニホールドを介した電力損失の回避、及び
iv)ステージのセルにかかる安定した電位の維持、より全般的には、処理ラインの沿った全体としての運転制御の改善。
5ミクロンバグフィルター及び洗浄流体タンクを備えたループ中のユニットを通して循環させるために160ガロン(606リットル)の洗浄溶液を調製した。スタック及び配管の内容積で、循環ループ中に別の40ガロン(151リットル)の容量が形成された。150lb(68.0kg)の塩を用いて規定度1.55Nの溶液を調製した。約30℃の水温で再循環を開始し、塩を加えた(40分間の時間をかけて350ポンド(158.6kg)の袋分を加えた)。樹脂の浸透圧衝撃を防ぐために塩の添加を最初は徐々に行った。塩の添加が完了したら、HClの添加を開始して、Model 6P Myron−Lの携帯型計器で測定してpHを約1まで下げた。実際のpHは約0.9であった。次いで、20〜25psi(1.4〜1.7バール)の供給圧力で30分間溶液を送り、その後タンクを空にして、新たな水を加えて160ガロン(606l)のレベルにした。
Claims (20)
- 流体のフローの成分の脱塩、苦味除去、塩除去又は他の分離若しくは処理などの連続処理を実施するための流体処理ラインであって、
複数の電気透析処理ユニットであって、処理する供給流体の供給フローを受け入れ、処理ユニット中における処理の間に供給フローから除去された材料を受け入れる濃縮流体のフローを受け入れるように連結するために構成されており、各処理ユニットが、材料を供給流体のフローから濃縮流体のフロー中にイオン的に移動させるために電気的に連結することができる処理ユニットと、
供給流体が処理ラインの第1のステージから逐次的に1以上の後続のステージへ進み、濃縮流体が後続のステージから1以上の先行ステージへ逆の向きに進むように、ステージ中の処理ユニットを処理ラインに沿って相互連結する複数の流体連通部と
を含み、
前記処理ユニットが、処理ラインに沿った供給流体の品質とフローを同時に増進させるのに有効な異なる電位で印加された複数の電気的ステージに配置されており、前記ステージにおける供給流体と濃縮流体の特性を有効にマッチングさせて処理された生成物の製造のための供給流体の処理を増進させる処理ライン。 - 相互連結部が、処理ユニット中の処理ラインに沿った供給フローと濃縮フローの導電率のマッチングを増進させるのに有効な供給フローに対向する方向に沿って受け入れ流体のフローを発生させ、それによってユニット中における電気的運転条件の安定化を確実にする、請求項1記載の流体処理ライン。
- 相互連結部が、供給流体からの成分の取り出し又は成分の供給流体中への逆拡散を増進させるのに有効な受け入れ流体のカウンターフローを発生する、請求項1記載の流体処理ライン。
- 相互連結部が、処理ユニットの膜を通る供給流体からの成分(小分子など)の拡散損失を阻止するのに有効な受け入れ流体のカウンターフローを発生する、請求項1記載の流体処理ライン。
- 処理ユニットがEDIユニットを含む、請求項1記載の流体処理ライン。
- 処理ユニットがEDユニットを含む、請求項1記載の流体処理ライン。
- 処理ユニットが1以上のEDユニット及び1以上のEDIユニットを含む、請求項1記載の流体処理ライン。
- EDユニットの少なくともいくつかが、EDIユニットの少なくともいくつかとは異なるステージにあり、処理ライン中のEDIユニットの上流に位置している、請求項7記載の流体処理ライン。
- 相互連結部が、フローを制御してユニットの少なくともいくつかの逆転運転を実行するよう運転できる1以上の弁を含む、請求項1記載の流体処理ライン。
- 相互連結部が、共通供給導管と、供給流体を循環させて共通供給導管からステージへ送り、供給流体が処理ラインに沿って移動するにしたがって導管に戻すように動作する1以上のポンプとを含む、請求項1又は請求項9記載の流体処理ライン。
- 濃縮フローが処理ラインに沿って対向方向に進むにしたがって、相互連結部が、濃縮流体を循環させて共通導管からステージのユニットを通って導管に戻すように動作する1以上のポンプを含む、請求項1記載の流体処理ライン。
- 処理ラインが、供給フローの品質を検出するように動作する1以上のセンサーと、それに応答する弁又はポンプを制御するように動作するコントローラとを含む、請求項1記載の流体処理ライン。
- 濃縮流体の特性を感知するように動作する検出器と、処理ラインの運転を制御するためにそれに応答するコントローラとを更に含む、請求項1又は請求項12記載の流体処理ライン。
- 生成物品質を維持しながら生成物回収率を増大させるために、ユニットの少なくともいくつかの逆転運転の間にユニットと供給流体ラインとの間の流体連通の位相化交換を行うように動作するコントローラを更に含む、請求項9記載の流体処理ライン。
- コントローラが、逆転フェーズの間にセルの洗浄を行って蓄積した材料をユニットからフラッシュする、請求項14記載の流体処理ライン。
- 洗浄が、ユニット中の樹脂表面から生物汚染物質を除去するのに有効な濃縮塩洗浄を含む、請求項15記載の流体処理ライン。
- 共通濃縮流体ラインを含み、ユニットの少なくともいくつかが逆転ユニットであり、相互連結部が、逆転ユニットの希釈フローと濃縮フローを交換するように動作する複数の逆転弁を含み、コントローラがユニットの逆転運転を選択的に実施して、蓄積された汚染物質をユニットのセルから共通濃縮流体ラインへバックフラッシュする洗浄レジメンを実施する、請求項14記載の流体処理ライン。
- 洗浄レジメンが、1.0Nを超える塩溶液で運転して表面を洗浄し、ユニットのセルを通るフローを回復させる、請求項17記載の流体処理ライン。
- 洗浄レジメンが、液圧逆転の間に極端な1以上のpH値で適宜ユニットを通して塩溶液を再循環させるステップを含む、請求項17記載の流体処理ライン。
- 洗浄レジメンが、逆転の間に流体を再循環させて表面フィルムを破壊し除去するステップと、除去されたフィルムを共通濃縮流体ライン又は排出系へフラッシングするステップとを含む、請求項17記載の流体処理ライン。
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| DE69531800T2 (de) * | 1994-05-20 | 2004-07-15 | United States Filter Corp., Palm Desert | Vorrichtung and Verfahren zur elektrischen Entionisierung mit Polaritätsumschaltung und Doppelumschaltung |
| CA2227398A1 (en) * | 1997-01-23 | 1998-07-23 | Archer Daniels Midland Company | Apparatus and process for electrodialysis of salts |
| US6017433A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2000-01-25 | Archer Daniels Midland Company | Desalting aqueous streams via filled cell electrodialysis |
-
2004
- 2004-10-27 JP JP2006538226A patent/JP4885725B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-27 CN CN201110171587.9A patent/CN102363102B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-27 WO PCT/US2004/035705 patent/WO2005044427A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-10-27 AU AU2004287467A patent/AU2004287467B2/en not_active Expired
- 2004-10-27 CN CN2004800315631A patent/CN1871059B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-27 US US10/577,120 patent/US8142633B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1871059A (zh) | 2006-11-29 |
| US8142633B2 (en) | 2012-03-27 |
| AU2004287467B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
| CN102363102A (zh) | 2012-02-29 |
| WO2005044427A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
| AU2004287467A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
| CN102363102B (zh) | 2015-06-24 |
| JP2007509747A (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
| US20070215474A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
| CN1871059B (zh) | 2011-08-10 |
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