JP4889894B2 - Coated bioactive substance, bioactive substance composition, and crop cultivation method - Google Patents
Coated bioactive substance, bioactive substance composition, and crop cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4889894B2 JP4889894B2 JP2001281585A JP2001281585A JP4889894B2 JP 4889894 B2 JP4889894 B2 JP 4889894B2 JP 2001281585 A JP2001281585 A JP 2001281585A JP 2001281585 A JP2001281585 A JP 2001281585A JP 4889894 B2 JP4889894 B2 JP 4889894B2
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- Prior art keywords
- bioactive substance
- coated
- bioactive
- present
- fertilizer
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- HAWJXYBZNNRMNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N furathiocarb Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)N(C)SN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=C1OC(C)(C)C2 HAWJXYBZNNRMNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940061634 magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007721 medicinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XIGAUIHYSDTJHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N mefenacet Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2SC=1OCC(=O)N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XIGAUIHYSDTJHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940079888 nitenpyram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000280 phytoalexin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001857 phytoalexin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- XRJLAOUDSILTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyroquilon Chemical compound O=C1CCC2=CC=CC3=C2N1CC3 XRJLAOUDSILTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012046 side dish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000045561 useful plants Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、被覆生物活性物質、生物活性物質組成物、および作物の栽培方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
特公昭５４−３１０４号公報、特公昭５９−３０６７９号公報、および特公昭５４−５１７号公報には、肥料粒子の表面が樹脂若しくは硫黄等の無機物で被覆された被覆肥料が開示されており、特公平５−２９６３４号公報、特開平４−２０２０７８号公報、特開平４−２０２０７９号公報、特開平６−５６５６７号公報、特願平４−２３７６５１号公報、特開平６−１９１９８０号公報、および特開平６−１９１９８１号公報には、肥料粒子の表面が熱可塑性樹脂で被覆された被覆肥料が開示されており、米国特許第３，２６４，０８９号公報には、肥料粒子の表面がポリイソシアネ−ト化合物とポリオ−ル化合物との反応物で被覆された被覆肥料が開示されており、米国特許第３，２６４，０８８号公報には、肥料粒子の表面がエポキシ樹脂で被覆された被覆肥料が開示されている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
それら従来の被覆肥料の溶出速度は、それが施用された土壌ないし水の温度の影響を受ける。該温度が上昇すれば該溶出速度は上昇し、反対に、該温度が低下すれば該溶出速度は低下する。このように温度の変化に伴って溶出速度が変化することを、溶出速度の温度依存性と云い、前述の被覆肥料は何れもこの温度依存性を有している。
【０００４】
極端な温度上昇が起こりやすいビニールハウス栽培やマルチ栽培に、該被覆肥料を用いた場合には、その温度上昇に追随して溶出速度も極端に大きくなることから、作物にとって肥料過多の状態となり易かった。
【０００５】
反対に、低温期における栽培に該被覆肥料を用い、地温が低く推移した場合には、その溶出速度が極端に小さくなり、必要な肥料が供給されないことがあった。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは前述の従来技術が包含する課題に鑑み鋭意研究を重ねた。その結果、本発明者らは、生物活性物質粒子の表面をトリプロピレングリコールとイソシアネートとの反応によって得られるポリウレタンで被覆して得られる被覆生物活性物質は、従来の被覆肥料に比べ温度依存性が非常に小さいことを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成させた。
【０００７】
以上の記述からも明らかなように、本発明の目的は、温度依存性が非常に小さい被覆生物活性物質と、それを含有する生物活性物質組成物、およびそれらを用いた作物の栽培方法を提供するものである。
【０００８】
本発明は、下記の（１）〜（５）の構成を有する。
（１）生物活性物質粒子の表面が、トリプロピレングリコールとイソシアネートとの反応によって得られるポリウレタンで被覆された被覆生物活性物質。
【０００９】
（２）生物活性物質が農薬である前記第１項記載の被覆生物活性物質。
【００１０】
（３）生物活性物質が肥料である前記第１項記載の被覆生物活性物質。
【００１１】
（４）前記第２項または第３項記載の被覆生物活性物質と、被覆されていない生物活性物質とを含有する生物活性物質組成物。
【００１２】
（５）前記第１項〜第３項の何れか１項に記載の被覆生物活性物質、または前記第４項記載の生物活性物質組成物を用いることを特徴とする作物の栽培方法。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に使用する生物活性物質とは、農業、林業、園芸などに関連する生物に対して活性を有する物質のことを意味するが、具体的には農作物や有用植物などの植物体の育成、保護の目的で用いられるものであり、増収、農作物の高品質化、病害防除、害虫防除、有害動物防除、雑草防除、更には、農作物の生育促進、生育抑制、矮化などの効果をもたらすものであって、具体的には農薬、肥料、微生物等を挙げることができる。
【００１４】
農薬としては病害防除剤、害虫防除剤、有害動物防除剤、雑草防除剤、植物生長調節剤などを挙げることができ、これらであればその種類に制限なく使用することができる。病害防除剤とは、病原微生物の有害作用から農作物等を保護するために用いられる薬剤であり、主として殺菌剤が挙げられる。害虫防除剤とは、農作物等を加害する害虫を防除する薬剤であり、主として殺虫剤が挙げられる。
【００１５】
有害動物防除剤とは、農作物等を加害する植物寄生性ダニ、植物寄生性線虫、野鼠、鳥、その他の有害動物を防除するために用いる薬剤である。雑草防除剤とは農作物や樹木等に有害となる草木植物の防除に用いられる薬剤であり、除草剤とも呼ばれる。植物生長調節剤とは、植物の生理機能の増進あるいは抑制を目的に用いられる薬剤である。その中でも、殺虫作用および殺菌作用の両方または片方の作用を有する農薬は本発明に好ましく、その種類に制限なく使用することができる。
【００１６】
本発明において使用する農薬は、常温で固体の粉状であることが望ましいが常温で液体であっても良い。また、本発明においては、農薬が水溶性であっても、水難溶性であっても、水不溶性のものであっても用いることができ特に限定されるものではない。その中でも本発明においては、接触等により保護すべき植物体内に移行し薬効を示す浸透移行性の農薬が好ましい。本発明に利用できる農薬の具体例を下記に挙げるが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。また、農薬は１種であっても、２種以上の複合成分からなるものであっても良い。
【００１７】
具体的には、（Ｅ）−Ｎ1−〔（６−クロロ−３−ピリジル）メチル〕−Ｎ2−シアノ−Ｎ1−メチルアセトアミジン（一般名：アセタミプリド）、１−（６−クロロ−３−ピリジルメチル）−Ｎ−ニトロイミダゾリジン−２−イリデンアミン（一般名：イミダクロプリド）、o，o−ジエチル−Ｓ−２−（エチルチオ）エチルホスホロジチオエート（一般名：エチルチオメトン）、２，３−ジヒドロ−２，２−ジメチル−７−ベンゾ〔ｂ〕フラニル＝Ｎ−ジブチルアミノチオ−Ｎ−メチルカルバマート（一般名：カルボスルファン）、（Ｅ）−Ｎ−（６−クロロ−３−ピリジルメチル）−Ｎ−エチル−Ｎ´−メチル−２−ニトロビニリデンジアミン（一般名：ニテンピラム）、（±）−５−アミノ−（２，６−ジクロロ−α，α，α−トリフルオロ−ｐ−トルイル）−４−トリフルオロメチルスルフィニルピラゾール−３−カルボニトリル（一般名：フィプロニル）、ブチル＝２，３−ジヒドロ−２，２−ジメチルベンゾフラン−７−イル＝Ｎ，Ｎ´−ジメチル− Ｎ，Ｎ´−チオジカルバマート（一般名：フラチオカルブ）、エチル＝Ｎ−〔２，３−ジヒドロ−２，２−ジメチルベンゾフラン−７−イルオキシカルボニル（メチル）アミノチオ〕−Ｎ−イソプロピル−β−アラニナート（一般名：ベンフラカルブ）、
【００１８】
１−ナフチル−Ｎ−メチルカーバメート（一般名：ＮＡＣ）、（１ＲＳ，３ＳＲ）−２，２−ジクロロ−Ｎ−［１−（４−クロロフェニル）エチル］−１−エチル−３−メチルシクロプロパンカルボキサミド（一般名：カルプロパミド）、(RS)−２−シアノ−Ｎ−[(R)−１−（２，４−ジクロロフェニル）エチル]−３，３−ジメチルブチラミド（一般名：ジクロシメット）、５−メチル−１，２，４−トリアゾロ〔３，４−ｂ〕ベンゾチアゾール（一般名：トリシクラゾール）、１，２，５，６−テトラヒドロピロロ〔３，２，１−ｉｊ〕キノリン−４−オン（一般名：ピロキロン）、（ＲＳ）−５−クロロ−Ｎ−（１，３−ジヒドロ−１，１，３−トリメチルイソベンゾフラン−４−イル）−１，３−ジメチルピラゾール−４−カルボキサミド（一般名：フラメトピル）、３−アリルオキシ−１，２−ベンゾイソチアゾール−１，１−ジオキシド（一般名：プロベナゾール）、
【００１９】
２−クロロ−４−エチルアミノ−６−イソプロピルアミノ−ｓ−トリアジン（一般名：アトラジン）、１−（２−クロロイミダゾ［１，２−ａ］ピリジン−３−イルスルホニル）−３−（４，６−ジメトキシピリミジン−２−イル尿素（一般名：イマゾスルフロン）、Ｓ−ベンジル＝１，２−ジメチルプロピル（エチル）チオカルバマート（一般名：エスプロカルブ）、エチル＝（ＲＳ）−２−［４−（６−クロロキノキサリン−２−イルオキシ）フェノキシ］プロピオナート（一般名：キザロホップブチル）、ブチル＝（Ｒ）−２−［４−（４−シアノ−２−フルオノフェノキシ）フェノキシ］プロピオナート（一般名：シハロホップブチル）、２−メチルチオ−４−エチルアミノ−６−（１，２−ジメチルプロピルアミノ）−ｓ−トリアジン（一般名：ジメタメトリン）、２−メチルチオ−４，６−ビス（エチルアミノ）−ｓ−トリアジン（一般名：シメトリン）、
【００２０】
１−（α，α−ジメチルベンジル）−３−（パラトリル）尿素（一般名：ダイムロン）、２−クロロ−Ｎ−（３−メトキシ−２−テニル）−２´，６´−ジメチルアセトアニリド（一般名：テニルクロール）、α−（２−ナフトキシ）プロピオンアニリド（一般名：ナプロアニリド）、メチル＝３−クロロ−５−（４，６−ジメトキシピリミジン−２−イルカルバモイルスルファモイル）−１−メチルピラゾール−４−カルボキシラート（一般名：ハロスルフロンメチル）、エチル＝５−（４，６−ジメトキシピリミジン−２−イルカルバモイルスルファモイル）−１−メチルピラゾール−４−カルボキシラート（一般名：ピラゾスルフロンエチル）、Ｓ−（４−クロロベンジル）−Ｎ，Ｎ−ジエチルチオカーバメート（一般名：ベンチオカーブ）、メチル＝α−（４，６−ジメトキシピリミジン−２−イルカルバモイルスルファモイル）−ｏ−トルアート（一般名：ベンスルフロンメチル）、２−ベンゾチアゾール−２−イルオキシ−Ｎ−メチルアセトアニリド（一般名：メフェナセット）等を挙げることができる。
【００２１】
更に、本発明における農薬としては、植物が接触した後に植物によって合成され、植物体内に蓄積する低分子の抗菌性物質であるファイトアレキシンを誘導する物質を挙げることができる。
【００２２】
肥料としては、窒素質肥料、燐酸質肥料、加里質肥料のほか、植物必須要素のカルシウム、マグネシウム、硫黄、鉄、微量要素やケイ素等を含有する肥料を挙げることができる。具体的には、窒素質肥料として硫酸アンモニア、尿素、硝酸アンモニアのほか、イソブチルアルデヒド縮合尿素、アセトアルデヒド縮合尿素等が挙げられ、燐酸質肥料としては過燐酸石灰、熔成リン肥、焼成リン肥等が挙げられ、加里質肥料としては硫酸加里、塩化加里、けい酸加里肥料等が挙げられ、その形態としては特に限定はない。肥料の三要素の合計成分量が３０％以上の高度化成肥料や配合肥料、有機質肥料、さらに、硝酸化成抑制材や農薬を添加した肥料も本発明に使用することができる。その中でも、生物活性物質粒子が尿素であると、その使用目的に対して比較的高い効果が得られる。
【００２３】
本発明に使用する生物活性物質粒子の形状は特に限定されるものではないが、球状であることが好ましい。特に、粒子の円形度合いを知るための尺度であり、下記式により求める円形度係数が、０．８５以上のものであることが好ましく、より好ましくは０．９以上であり、更に好ましくは０．９３以上である。円形度係数の最大値は１であり、１に近づくほど粒子は真円に近づき、粒子形状が真円から崩れるに従って円形度係数は小さくなる。
式：(４π×粒子の投影面積)／(粒子投影図の輪郭の長さ)２
【００２４】
該生物活性物質粒子の粒径は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、肥料の場合においては１．０〜１０．０ｍｍであり、農薬の場合においては０．３〜３．０ｍｍであることが好ましい。これらは篩いを用いることにより、前記範囲内で任意の粒径を選択することができる。
【００２５】
本発明で用いる生物活性物質粒子自体の組成は、１種以上の生物活性物質を含有していれば、特に限定されるものではなく、生物活性物質単独で造粒されたものであってもよく、クレー、カオリン、タルク、ベントナイト、炭酸カルシウムなどの担体や、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、澱粉類などの結合剤を用いて造粒したものであっても構わない。また、必要に応じ、例えばポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル等の界面活性剤や廃糖蜜、動物油、植物油、水素添加油、脂肪酸、脂肪酸金属塩、パラフィン、ワックス、グリセリンなどを含有したものであっても構わない。
【００２６】
該生物活性物質粒子の製造方法は特に限定されるものではないが、押出造粒法、流動層式造粒法、転動造粒法、圧縮造粒法、被覆造粒法、吸着造粒法等を用いることができる。本発明においては、これらの造粒法のいずれを使用しても良いが、押し出し造粒法が最も簡易である。
【００２７】
本発明に用いられるポリウレタンは、トリプロピレングリコールとイソシアネートとの反応によって得られるものであれば、何れのポリウレタンであっても本発明に使用することができる。
【００２８】
また、該ポリウレタンに使用するポリオールは、トリプロピレングリコールのみであってもよく、トリプロピレングリコールとそれ以外のポリオールとの混合物であっても良い。
【００２９】
トリプロピレングリコールとの混合に使用するポリオールは、トリプロピレングリコールと相溶性があれば特に限定されない。例えば、多価アルコ−ルやアミノアルコ−ル、アミンを開始剤として用い、エチレンオキサイドやプロピレンオキサイドを重付加して得られるポリエ−テルポリオ−ル、テトラヒドロフランを重合して得られるポリテトラメチレンエ−テルグルコ−ルなどのポリエ−テル型ポリオ−ル、多価アルコ−ルとポリエ−テルポリオ−ルとカルボン酸化合物を反応させる等の方法により得られるポリエステル型ポリオ−ルなどを挙ることができる。
【００３０】
また、生分解性を考慮してＯＨ基含有の天然物、またはその変性物を用いることも可能である。必要に応じて、上記樹脂成分に加えて触媒を処方することができるが、触媒としては、公知慣用のものを用いることができ、具体的に例示するとトリエチレンジアミン、Ｎ−メチルモルフォリン、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルモルフォリン、ジアザビシクロウンデセン、２，４，６，−トリス（ジメチルアミノメチル）フェノ−ル等のアミン触媒が挙げられ、本発明において好適に用いられる。
【００３１】
該ポリオールに含まれるトリプロピレングリコールの割合は、該ポリオールに対して２０〜１００％の範囲であることが好ましい。
【００３２】
本発明に使用するイソシアネートは特に限定されるものではないが、具体的には、トルエンジイソシアネ−ト（ＴＤＩと言うことがある）、ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネ−ト（ＭＤＩと言うことがある）、ナフタレンジイソシアネ−ト、トリジンイソシアネ−ト、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネ−ト、イソホロンジイソシアネ−ト、およびキシリレンジイソシアネ−トなどを例示することことができ、必要に応じてこれらの混合物を用いることができる。なかでも、ＭＤＩやＴＤＩあるいはこれらから誘導されるオリゴマ−体は本発明に好適に用いられる。
【００３３】
該ポリウレタンで、該生物活性物質粒子の表面を被覆する方法には、公知慣用の方法を用いることができる。例えば、流動装置や噴流動装置により、該生物活性物質粒子を流動状態にしたり、回転パン、回転ドラムなどにより該生物活性物質粒子を転動状態にせしめ、ポリウレタン材料を滴下、噴霧等の方法で該生物活性物質粒子に添加し、該生物活性物質粒子の表面を被覆し、ポリウレタンを形成させることにより被覆肥料を製造することができる。
【００３４】
本発明の被覆粒状生物活性物質における被覆材料であるポリウレタンの被覆割合は、該被覆粒状生物活性物質に対し１〜２０重量％の範囲であることが好ましく、より好ましくは２〜１５重量％の範囲である。
【００３５】
本発明の生物活性物質組成物は、本発明の被覆生物活性物質と被覆されていない生物活性物質とを含有するものである。
被覆されていない該生物活性物質には、本発明の被覆生物活性物質に使用した生物活性物質を用いることができる。その形状は粉状、粒状、および顆粒状の何れであっても良いが、本発明においては粒状であることが好ましく、特に該生物活性物質の径Ａ１と該被覆生物活性物質の径Ａ２との比Ａ１／Ａ２は０．６７〜１．５であることが好ましい。その形状が粒子状であり、さらにＡ１／Ａ２が０．８〜１．２５であるばあいには、該生物活性組成物が分級し難いことから好ましい。
【００３６】
該生物活性組成物の組成は特に限定されるものではないが、偏りすぎると少量施用時の効果発現が危ういことから、最も少ない生物活性物質含有粒状物に対する最も多い生物活性物質含有粒状物の混合割合を重量比で５０倍以下とすることがよく、好ましくは２０倍以下、さらには１５倍以下とするのが好ましい。
【００３７】
本発明の作物の栽培方法は、本発明の被覆生物活性物質または本発明の生物活性組成物を用いたものであればよく、特に限定されるものではない。栽培方法の具体例としては、栽培期間中に散布・施用する生物活性物質の全量若しくはその内の大部分を、育苗開始時、本圃への播種時、または本圃への苗の移植時に施用する方法が挙げられる。使用する本発明の被覆生物活性物質は１種類でも良く、放出機能（放出パターンや放出抑制期間の長さ）や種類の異なる被覆生物活性物質を２種以上混合したものであっても構わない。また、施用する時期も限定されるものではなく、育苗開始時に育苗箱や育苗ポットなどの育苗容器に施用してもよく、本圃へ播種若しくは移植すると同時に施用してもよい。
【００３８】
該栽培方法においては、対象とする作物が限定されるものではないが、食用作物、飼料作物、工芸作物等の圃場作物、果樹、蔬菜、花卉等の園芸作物に用いることができる。食用作物としてはイネ、麦類、トウモロコシ、イモ類、マメ類を挙げることができ、飼料作物としてはイネ科、マメ科、飼料用根菜を挙げることができ、工芸作物としては嗜好料作物（茶等）、香辛料作物（コショウ等）、油料作物（ゴマ等）、糖料作物（甜菜等）、繊維作物（綿花等）を挙げることができ、果樹としては仁果類（リンゴ等）、核果類（モモ等）、柑橘類、熱帯果樹（パイナップル等）を挙げることができ、蔬菜としては葉菜類、根菜類、果菜類を挙げることができ、花卉としては１年草、２年草、宿根草、花木等を挙げることができる。
【００３９】
【実施例】
以下実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらによって何ら限定されるものではない。
【００４０】
（粒子Ａの製造）
粒径５００ｍ以下の粒度に粉砕された硫酸加里（和光純薬工業株式会社製：特級）９０部と硫酸マグネシウム七水和物（和光純薬工業株式会社製：特級）１０部とを原料として、廃糖蜜の２倍希釈液（水希釈）を散布しながら、該原料を少量ずつ円盤回転式造粒機に供給し造粒を行った。得られた粒子は大型送風定温乾燥機（アドバンテック東洋株式会社製：FV−1500）中で乾燥した後に取り出し、篩で２．０〜４．０ｍｍのものを篩い分け、実施例１に用いる粒子Ａを製造した。
円盤回転式造粒機：皿径４００ｍｍ；回転数１５ｒｐｍ、乾燥温度１０５℃、12時間
【００４１】
（粒子Ｂの製造）
殺虫作用を有する農薬成分として１−（６−クロロ−３−ピリジルメチル）−Ｎ−ニトロイミダゾリジン−２−イリデンアミン（以下、ＣＰＮＩＡと略称する。）（純度７０重量）３重量部、ベントナイト６５重量部、クレー３１重量部、リグニンスルホン酸ナトリウム１重量部を均一に混合し、ニーダーで加水し混練した。この混合物をスクリュー押し出し式造粒機（ダイスの穴径０．８ｍｍ）で押し出し造粒した後、該造粒物を、回転円盤式整粒機（不二パウダル製、マルメライザーＱＪ４００）を用いて下記の運転条件で整粒し造粒物を得た。次に、該造粒物を熱風循環乾燥機を用いて１００℃で乾燥後、篩分けによって１．０〜１．４ｍｍ（篩目開き）の粒子Ｂを得た。
整粒機の運転条件運転方式 ：回分式運転時間 ：１ｍｉｎ目皿ピッチ：１ｍｍ回転数 ：７８８ｒ／ｍｉｎ仕込量 ：１．５ｋｇ（１回当たり）
【００４２】
実施例１
粒状尿素（平均粒径３ ．４ｍｍ ）９２０ｇを、熱風発生機を付設した温度制御可能な傾斜パン型転動造粒機（パン径４５０ｍｍ ）に仕込み、２０〜４５ＲＰＭで回転させ該粒状尿素を転動状態にした。該装置を加熱して該粒状尿素の温度を６５〜７５℃に維持し、転動状態を維持した。ポリウレタン材料として、トリプロピレングリコール（分子量：１９２、和光純薬製）３３ｇ、アミン触媒である２、４、６−トリス（ジメチルアミノメチル）フェノ−ル０．８ｇとの混合液、およびポリメリックＭＤＩ （住友バイエルウレタン製、商品名：スミジュ−ル４４Ｖ１０）４７ｇを、送液ポンプを用いて加温されかつ転動状態にある該粒状尿素にそれぞれ４０分間で添加した。その後、該粒状尿素の温度を１０分間、６５〜７５℃の範囲に保持することにより被覆生物活性物質を得た。
【００４３】
実施例２〜４、比較例１、２
ポリウレタン材料として表１に示した材料に変更した以外は、実施例１に準じて被覆生物活性粒状物を製造した。
【００４４】
実施例５
生物活性物質粒子を粒子Ａに変更した以外は、実施例１に準じて被覆生物活性粒状物を製造した。
【００４５】
実施例６
生物活性物質粒子を粒子Ｂに、被覆率を１２％に変更した以外は、実施例４に準じて被覆生物活性粒状物を製造した。
【００４６】
〔評価１〕尿素溶出日数および温度依存性の測定
温度が１５℃、２５℃、３５℃に保持された２００mlの水に、被覆生物活性物質をそれぞれ１０ｇずつ浸漬して静置した。所定期間後、該被覆生物活性物質と水とに分け、水中に溶出した尿素を定量分析により求めた。該被覆生物活性物質を再び１５℃、２５℃、３５℃に保持された２００mlの水に浸漬して静置し、所定期間後、同様の分析を行った。この様な操作を反復し、水中に溶出した尿素の溶出累計と日数の関係をグラフ化して溶出速度曲線を作成し、８０％溶出率に至る日数を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
【００４７】
〔評価２〕加里溶出日数および温度依存性の測定
温度が１５℃、２５℃、３５℃に保持された２００mlの水に、被覆生物活性物質をそれぞれ１０ｇずつ浸漬して静置した。所定期間後、該被覆生物活性物質と水とに分け、水中に溶出したカリウムを炎光分析により求めた。該被覆生物活性物質を再び１５℃、２５℃、３５℃に保持された２００mlの水に浸漬して静置し、所定期間後、同様の分析を行った。この様な操作を反復し、水中に溶出した尿素の溶出累計と日数の関係をグラフ化して溶出速度曲線を作成し、８０％溶出率に至る日数を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
【００４８】
〔評価３〕農薬放出日数、温度依存性
被覆生物活性物質をキャップ付試験管（１２ｍｍ×７２ｍｍ）に水を１．５ｍｌ入れ、試験管１本当たり１粒投入後キャップをした。これを１００管（粒）づつ水温１５℃、２５℃、３５℃の各温度で静置した。試験開始から毎日観察を行い、それぞれ該被覆生物活性物質の被膜崩壊の個数をカウントし、累積崩壊数を累積放出率とした。結果を表1に示す。
【００４９】
栽培試験
トマト（品種：ハウス桃太郎）を対象に熊本県水俣市袋の温室において栽培試験を行った。栽培は１月５日に播種後、ポットに移植して育苗を開始し、３月１５日、移植直前に実施例４の被覆生物活性物質を全層施肥した土壌に移植した。肥料成分は、実施例区ではＮとして実施例１の被覆生物活性物質をＮとして２３.８ｋｇ／１０ａ、比較例区では比較例２の被覆生物活性物質をＮとして２３．８ｋｇ／１０ａ施用し、硫酸カリウムをＫとして３４ｋｇ／１０ａ、熔りんをＰ２Ｏ５として３４ｋｇ／１０ａとそれぞれ混合した組成物を施肥した。栽培は、整枝法として三段目で摘芯する一本立てを設定し、ほかは慣行法に準じて行った。
比較例区は肥料の施肥深さのばらつきにより実施例区に比べて生育にばらつきが生じていた。６月下旬まで収穫し、栽培試験を終了した。収穫物は、収量と上物率を測定した。表２に示したように、収量、上物率共に実施例区が上回った。
【００５０】
【表１】
ＴＰＧ ：トリプロピレングリコール
ＰＰＧ−１：ポリプロピレングリコールジオール（分子量：４００）
ＰＰＧ−２：ポリプロピレングリコールトリオール（分子量：３００）
【００５１】
【表２】
【発明の効果】
本発明の被覆生物活性物質は温度依存性が小さいことから、極端な温度上昇が起こりやすいビニールハウス栽培やマルチ栽培に、本発明の被覆生物活性物質を用いた場合であっても、温度上昇に追随して溶出速度が極端に大きくなることがなく、作物にとって肥料過多の状態になり難く、反対に、低温期における栽培に本発明の被覆生物活性物質を用いた場合であっても、低い地温に追随してその溶出速度が極端に小さくなることがなく必要な肥料が供給される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a coated bioactive substance, a bioactive substance composition, and a crop cultivation method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-3104, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-30679, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-517 disclose coated fertilizers in which the surfaces of fertilizer particles are coated with an inorganic substance such as resin or sulfur. JP-B-5-29634, JP-A-4-202078, JP-A-4-202079, JP-A-6-56567, JP-A-4-237651, JP-A-6-191980, and JP-A-6-191981 discloses a coated fertilizer in which the surface of fertilizer particles is coated with a thermoplastic resin, and US Pat. No. 3,264,089 discloses that the surface of fertilizer particles is a polyisocyanate. US Pat. No. 3,264,088 discloses a coating fertilizer coated with a reaction product of a chemical compound and a polyol compound. Coated fertilizer coated with fat are disclosed.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The dissolution rate of these conventional coated fertilizers is affected by the temperature of the soil or water to which it is applied. If the temperature is increased, the elution rate is increased. Conversely, if the temperature is decreased, the elution rate is decreased. Such a change in elution rate with a change in temperature is called temperature dependency of the elution rate, and all the above-mentioned coated fertilizers have this temperature dependency.
[0004]
When this coated fertilizer is used for greenhouse cultivation or multi-cultivation where extreme temperature increases are likely to occur, the rate of elution increases with the increase in temperature. It was.
[0005]
On the other hand, when the coated fertilizer is used for cultivation in the low temperature period and the ground temperature is kept low, the elution rate becomes extremely small, and the necessary fertilizer may not be supplied.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have intensively studied in view of the problems included in the above-described conventional technology. As a result, the present inventors have found that the coated bioactive material obtained by coating the surface of the bioactive material particles with polyurethane obtained by the reaction of tripropylene glycol and isocyanate has a temperature dependency as compared with the conventional coated fertilizer. Based on this finding, the present invention was completed.
[0007]
As is clear from the above description, the object of the present invention is to provide a coated bioactive substance having a very low temperature dependency, a bioactive substance composition containing the same, and a method for cultivating crops using them. To do.
[0008]
The present invention has the following configurations (1) to (5).
(1) A coated bioactive material in which the surface of bioactive material particles is coated with polyurethane obtained by reaction of tripropylene glycol and isocyanate.
[0009]
(2) The coated bioactive substance according to the above item 1, wherein the bioactive substance is an agrochemical.
[0010]
(3) The coated bioactive substance according to the above item 1, wherein the bioactive substance is a fertilizer.
[0011]
(4) A bioactive substance composition comprising the coated bioactive substance according to the above item 2 or 3, and a bioactive substance that is not coated.
[0012]
(5) A method for cultivating a crop, comprising using the coated bioactive substance according to any one of Items 1 to 3 or the bioactive substance composition according to Item 4.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The biologically active substance used in the present invention means a substance having activity with respect to organisms related to agriculture, forestry, horticulture, etc., specifically, cultivation of plant bodies such as agricultural crops and useful plants, It is used for the purpose of protection and has the effects of increasing yield, improving the quality of crops, controlling diseases, controlling pests, controlling harmful animals, controlling weeds, and promoting crop growth, controlling growth, and hatching. Specific examples thereof include agricultural chemicals, fertilizers, microorganisms and the like.
[0014]
Examples of agricultural chemicals include disease control agents, pest control agents, harmful animal control agents, weed control agents, plant growth regulators, and the like, and any of these can be used without limitation. A disease control agent is a chemical | medical agent used in order to protect crops etc. from the harmful effect of a pathogenic microbe, and a disinfectant is mainly mentioned. A pest control agent is a chemical | medical agent which controls the pest which harms crops etc., and an insecticide is mainly mentioned.
[0015]
The harmful animal control agent is a drug used for controlling plant parasitic mites, plant parasitic nematodes, wild boars, birds, and other harmful animals that harm crops and the like. The weed control agent is a drug used for controlling a plant or plant that is harmful to agricultural crops or trees, and is also called a herbicide. A plant growth regulator is a drug used for the purpose of enhancing or suppressing the physiological function of a plant. Among them, an agrochemical having both an insecticidal action and a bactericidal action or one action is preferable in the present invention, and can be used without limitation on its kind.
[0016]
The agrochemical used in the present invention is preferably in the form of a solid powder at room temperature, but may be liquid at room temperature. In the present invention, the pesticide can be used regardless of whether it is water-soluble, poorly water-soluble or water-insoluble. Among them, in the present invention, an osmotic and migration pesticide that migrates into a plant to be protected by contact or the like and exhibits medicinal effects is preferable. Specific examples of agricultural chemicals that can be used in the present invention are listed below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Further, the pesticide may be one type or may be composed of two or more composite components.
[0017]
Specifically, (E) -N 1 -[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl) methyl] -N 2 -cyano-N 1 -methylacetamidine (generic name: acetamiprid), 1- (6-chloro- 3-pyridylmethyl) -N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine (generic name: imidacloprid), o, o-diethyl-S-2- (ethylthio) ethyl phosphorodithioate (generic name: ethylthiomethone), 2,3-dihydro -2,2-dimethyl-7-benzo [b] furanyl = N-dibutylaminothio-N-methylcarbamate (generic name: carbosulfan), (E) -N- (6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl) ) -N-ethyl-N′-methyl-2-nitrovinylidenediamine (generic name: nitenpyram), (±) -5-amino- (2,6-dichloro-α, α, α-trifluoro) -P-toluyl) -4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrile (generic name: fipronil), butyl = 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl = N, N'-dimethyl -N, N'-thiodicarbamate (generic name: furathiocarb), ethyl = N- [2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yloxycarbonyl (methyl) aminothio] -N-isopropyl- β-alaninate (generic name: Benfuracarb),
[0018]
1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate (generic name: NAC), (1RS, 3SR) -2,2-dichloro-N- [1- (4-chlorophenyl) ethyl] -1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide (Generic name: carpropamide), (RS) -2-cyano-N-[(R) -1- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethyl] -3,3-dimethylbutyramide (generic name: diclocimet), 5- Methyl-1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-b] benzothiazole (generic name: tricyclazole), 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo [3,2,1-ij] quinolin-4-one ( (Generic name: pyroxylone), (RS) -5-chloro-N- (1,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethylisobenzofuran-4-yl) -1,3-dimethylpyrazole-4-carboxami (Common name: furametpyr), 3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide (common name: probenazole),
[0019]
2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (generic name: atrazine), 1- (2-chloroimidazo [1,2-a] pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl) -3- (4 , 6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylurea (generic name: imazosulfuron), S-benzyl = 1,2-dimethylpropyl (ethyl) thiocarbamate (generic name: esprocarb), ethyl = (RS) -2- [4 -(6-Chloroquinoxalin-2-yloxy) phenoxy] propionate (generic name: quizalofopbutyl), butyl = (R) -2- [4- (4-cyano-2-fluonophenoxy) phenoxy] propionate ( (Generic name: cihalohop butyl), 2-methylthio-4-ethylamino-6- (1,2-dimethylpropylamino) -s-tria Down (common name: dimethametryn), 2-methylthio-4,6-bis (ethylamino) -s-triazine (common name: simetryn),
[0020]
1- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -3- (paratolyl) urea (generic name: Daimlone), 2-chloro-N- (3-methoxy-2-enyl) -2 ′, 6′-dimethylacetanilide (general Name: tenylchlor), α- (2-naphthoxy) propionanilide (generic name: naproanilide), methyl 3-chloro-5- (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl) -1-methylpyrazole -4-carboxylate (generic name: halosulfuronmethyl), ethyl = 5- (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl) -1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate (generic name: pyrazos) Ruflon ethyl), S- (4-chlorobenzyl) -N, N-diethylthiocarbamate (generic name: bencho curve) ), Methyl = α- (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl) -o-toluate (generic name: bensulfuronmethyl), 2-benzothiazol-2-yloxy-N-methylacetanilide (general) Name: mefena set).
[0021]
Furthermore, the agricultural chemical in the present invention includes a substance that induces phytoalexin, which is a low-molecular antibacterial substance that is synthesized by a plant after being contacted with the plant and accumulates in the plant body.
[0022]
Examples of fertilizers include nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and calcareous fertilizers, and fertilizers containing plant essential elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, trace elements and silicon. Specific examples of nitrogenous fertilizers include ammonia sulfate, urea, and ammonium nitrate, as well as isobutyraldehyde condensed urea and acetaldehyde condensed urea. Examples of phosphate fertilizer include superphosphate lime, molten phosphorous fertilizer, and calcined phosphorous fertilizer. Examples of the calcareous fertilizer include potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, and silicate fertilizer, and the form thereof is not particularly limited. Advanced chemical fertilizers, blended fertilizers, organic fertilizers, fertilizers to which nitrification inhibitors and agricultural chemicals are added, in which the total amount of the three elements of the fertilizer is 30% or more can be used in the present invention. Among them, when the bioactive substance particle is urea, a relatively high effect can be obtained for its intended purpose.
[0023]
The shape of the bioactive substance particles used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably spherical. In particular, it is a measure for knowing the degree of circularity of the particles, and the circularity coefficient obtained by the following formula is preferably 0.85 or more, more preferably 0.9 or more, and still more preferably 0.8. 93 or more. The maximum value of the circularity coefficient is 1, and as the value approaches 1, the particle approaches a perfect circle, and the circularity coefficient decreases as the particle shape collapses from the perfect circle.
Formula: (4π × projection area of particle) / (length of contour of particle projection) 2
[0024]
The particle size of the bioactive substance particles is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1.0 to 10.0 mm in the case of fertilizer and 0.3 to 3.0 mm in the case of agricultural chemicals. Is preferred. By using a sieve, any particle size can be selected within the above range.
[0025]
The composition of the bioactive substance particle itself used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains one or more kinds of bioactive substances, and may be granulated with the bioactive substance alone. Further, it may be granulated using a carrier such as clay, kaolin, talc, bentonite or calcium carbonate, or a binder such as polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch or the like. Further, if necessary, for example, a surfactant such as polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, molasses, animal oil, vegetable oil, hydrogenated oil, fatty acid, fatty acid metal salt, paraffin, wax, glycerin, etc. I do not care.
[0026]
The production method of the bioactive substance particles is not particularly limited, but is an extrusion granulation method, fluidized bed granulation method, rolling granulation method, compression granulation method, coating granulation method, adsorption granulation method. Etc. can be used. In the present invention, any of these granulation methods may be used, but the extrusion granulation method is the simplest.
[0027]
Any polyurethane can be used in the present invention as long as it is obtained by the reaction of tripropylene glycol and isocyanate.
[0028]
Further, the polyol used for the polyurethane may be only tripropylene glycol or a mixture of tripropylene glycol and other polyols.
[0029]
The polyol used for mixing with tripropylene glycol is not particularly limited as long as it is compatible with tripropylene glycol. For example, polytetramethylene ether obtained by polymerizing polyhydric alcohol, amino alcohol, amine as an initiator, polymer polyol obtained by polyaddition of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran. Examples thereof include polyester type polyols such as terglucool, polyester type polyols obtained by a method of reacting polyhydric alcohol, polyether polyol and carboxylic acid compound.
[0030]
In consideration of biodegradability, it is also possible to use natural products containing OH groups or modified products thereof. If necessary, a catalyst can be formulated in addition to the above resin component. As the catalyst, a known and commonly used catalyst can be used, and specific examples thereof include triethylenediamine, N-methylmorpholine, N, Examples include amine catalysts such as N-dimethylmorpholine, diazabicycloundecene, 2,4,6, -tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, and are preferably used in the present invention.
[0031]
The proportion of tripropylene glycol contained in the polyol is preferably in the range of 20 to 100% with respect to the polyol.
[0032]
The isocyanate used in the present invention is not particularly limited. Specifically, toluene diisocyanate (sometimes referred to as TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (sometimes referred to as MDI). , Naphthalene diisocyanate, tolidine isocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, and the like. Can be used. Of these, MDI, TDI or oligomers derived therefrom are preferably used in the present invention.
[0033]
As a method of coating the surface of the bioactive substance particles with the polyurethane, a known and usual method can be used. For example, the bioactive substance particles are put into a fluidized state by a flow device or a jet flow device, or the bioactive material particles are put in a rolling state by a rotating pan, a rotating drum, etc., and a polyurethane material is dropped or sprayed. A coated fertilizer can be produced by adding to the bioactive material particles, coating the surface of the bioactive material particles, and forming polyurethane.
[0034]
The coating ratio of the polyurethane as a coating material in the coated granular bioactive substance of the present invention is preferably in the range of 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range of 2 to 15% by weight with respect to the coated granular bioactive substance. It is.
[0035]
The bioactive substance composition of the present invention contains the coated bioactive substance of the present invention and an uncoated bioactive substance.
As the bioactive substance that is not coated, the bioactive substance used in the coated bioactive substance of the present invention can be used. The shape may be any of powder, granule, and granule, but in the present invention, it is preferably granular, and in particular, the diameter A1 of the bioactive substance and the diameter A2 of the coated bioactive substance The ratio A1 / A2 is preferably 0.67 to 1.5. When the shape is particulate and A1 / A2 is 0.8 to 1.25, it is preferable because the bioactive composition is difficult to classify.
[0036]
The composition of the bioactive composition is not particularly limited, but if it is too biased, the manifestation of the effect at the time of application in a small amount is dangerous. Therefore, the most bioactive substance-containing granule is mixed with the least bioactive substance-containing granule. The ratio is preferably 50 times or less by weight, preferably 20 times or less, and more preferably 15 times or less.
[0037]
The crop cultivation method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it uses the coated bioactive substance of the present invention or the bioactive composition of the present invention. As a specific example of the cultivation method, a method of applying the entire amount or most of the biologically active substance to be sprayed and applied during the cultivation period at the time of seedling start, seeding to the main field, or transplanting of the seedling to the main field Is mentioned. The coated bioactive substance of the present invention to be used may be one kind, or may be a mixture of two or more kinds of coated bioactive substances having different release functions (release pattern and release suppression period) and different kinds. Moreover, the application time is not limited, and it may be applied to a seedling container such as a seedling box or a seedling pot at the start of seedling, or may be applied simultaneously with sowing or transplanting to the main field.
[0038]
In the cultivation method, the target crop is not limited, but it can be used for field crops such as edible crops, feed crops, and craft crops, and horticultural crops such as fruit trees, sugar beet, and flowers. Examples of food crops include rice, wheat, corn, potatoes, and legumes. Examples of feed crops include grasses, legumes, and root crops for feed. Etc.), spice crops (such as pepper), oil crops (such as sesame), sugar crops (such as sugar beet), and fiber crops (such as cotton). (Peaches, etc.), citrus fruits, tropical fruit trees (pineapples, etc.) can be mentioned, leaf vegetables, root vegetables, fruit vegetables can be mentioned as side dishes, and annual plants, biennial grasses, perennial grasses, flower trees, etc. Can be mentioned.
[0039]
【Example】
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0040]
(Production of particles A)
With 90 parts of potassium sulfate (made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: special grade) and 10 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: special grade) pulverized to a particle size of 500 m or less as raw materials, While sprinkling a 2-fold diluted solution of molasses (water dilution), the raw material was supplied to a disk rotary granulator little by little for granulation. The obtained particles were taken out after drying in a large air constant temperature dryer (Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd .: FV-1500), and sieved with 2.0-4.0 mm particles with a sieve. Particle A used in Example 1 Manufactured.
Disc rotating granulator: dish diameter 400 mm; rotation speed 15 rpm, drying temperature 105 ° C., 12 hours
(Production of particle B)
As an agrochemical component having an insecticidal action, 3 parts by weight of 1- (6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl) -N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine (hereinafter abbreviated as CPNIA) (purity 70 weights), 65 parts by weight of bentonite, 31 parts by weight of clay and 1 part by weight of sodium lignin sulfonate were uniformly mixed, added with a kneader and kneaded. This mixture was extruded and granulated with a screw extrusion granulator (die hole diameter 0.8 mm), and then the granulated product was rotated using a rotary disk granulator (Malmerizer QJ400, manufactured by Fuji Powder Co., Ltd.). The granules were sized under the following operating conditions to obtain a granulated product. Next, the granulated product was dried at 100 ° C. using a hot air circulating drier, and thereafter, particles B having a size of 1.0 to 1.4 mm (opened) were obtained by sieving.
Granulator operating conditions Operation method: Batch operation time: 1 min Pan pitch: 1 mm Rotation speed: 788 r / min Feeding amount: 1.5 kg (per time)
[0042]
Example 1
920 g of granular urea (average particle size 3.4 mm) is charged into a temperature-controllable tilting pan type rolling granulator (pan diameter 450 mm) equipped with a hot air generator and rotated at 20 to 45 RPM to rotate the granular urea. It was in a moving state. The apparatus was heated to maintain the temperature of the granular urea at 65 to 75 ° C. to maintain the rolling state. As a polyurethane material, a mixed solution of 33 g of tripropylene glycol (molecular weight: 192, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries), 0.8 g of 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol as an amine catalyst, and polymeric MDI ( 47 g of Sumitomo Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd., trade name: Sumijour 44V10) was added to the granular urea that was heated using a liquid feed pump and in a rolling state for 40 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature of the granular urea was maintained in the range of 65 to 75 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a coated bioactive substance.
[0043]
Examples 2 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 and 2
A coated bioactive granule was produced according to Example 1 except that the polyurethane material was changed to the material shown in Table 1.
[0044]
Example 5
A coated bioactive granule was produced according to Example 1 except that the bioactive substance particles were changed to particles A.
[0045]
Example 6
A coated bioactive granule was produced according to Example 4 except that the bioactive substance particles were changed to Particle B and the coverage was changed to 12%.
[0046]
[Evaluation 1] The days of urea elution and the temperature-dependent measurement temperature were immersed in 200 ml of water maintained at 15 ° C., 25 ° C., and 35 ° C., and 10 g of the coated bioactive substance was left to stand. After a predetermined period, the coated bioactive substance was separated into water and urea eluted in water was determined by quantitative analysis. The coated bioactive substance was again immersed in 200 ml of water maintained at 15 ° C., 25 ° C., and 35 ° C. and allowed to stand, and the same analysis was performed after a predetermined period. Such an operation was repeated, and the relationship between the total elution of urea eluted in water and the number of days was graphed to prepare an elution rate curve, and the number of days to reach 80% elution rate was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0047]
[Evaluation 2] Kali elution days and temperature-dependent measurement temperature Each of the coated bioactive substances was immersed in 200 ml of water maintained at 15 ° C., 25 ° C., and 35 ° C. and allowed to stand. After a predetermined period, the coated bioactive substance and water were divided and potassium eluted in water was determined by flame analysis. The coated bioactive substance was again immersed in 200 ml of water maintained at 15 ° C., 25 ° C., and 35 ° C. and allowed to stand, and the same analysis was performed after a predetermined period. Such an operation was repeated, and the relationship between the total elution of urea eluted in water and the number of days was graphed to prepare an elution rate curve, and the number of days to reach 80% elution rate was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0048]
[Evaluation 3] Agrochemical release days, temperature-dependent coated bioactive substance 1.5 ml of water was put in a capped test tube (12 mm × 72 mm), and one cap was added per test tube and then capped. This was allowed to stand at a temperature of 15 ° C., 25 ° C. and 35 ° C. for each 100 tubes (grains). Observation was performed every day from the start of the test, and the number of coating disintegrations of the coated bioactive substance was counted, and the cumulative number of disintegrations was taken as the cumulative release rate. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0049]
Cultivation test A cultivation test was conducted in a greenhouse in Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture, targeting tomatoes (variety: House Momotaro). Cultivation was carried out after seeding on January 5, and transplanted to a pot to start raising seedlings. On March 15, just before transplanting, the coated bioactive substance of Example 4 was transplanted to the soil fertilized in all layers. The fertilizer component is applied as N in the example section and 23.8 kg / 10a as the coated bioactive substance of Example 1 as N, and 23.8 kg / 10a as the coated bioactive substance of Comparative Example 2 as N in the comparative example section, A composition in which potassium sulfate was mixed with K (34 kg / 10a) and molten phosphorus was mixed with P2O5 (34 kg / 10a) was fertilized. Cultivation was carried out according to the customary method, except that a single stand for pinching at the third stage was set as the pruning method.
The comparative example group had a variation in growth compared to the example group due to the variation in fertilizer application depth. Harvested until late June, and the cultivation test was completed. The yield was measured for yield and quality. As shown in Table 2, both the yield and the quality ratio exceeded the Examples.
[0050]
[Table 1]
TPG: Tripropylene glycol PPG-1: Polypropylene glycol diol (molecular weight: 400)
PPG-2: Polypropylene glycol triol (molecular weight: 300)
[0051]
[Table 2]
【Effect of the invention】
Since the coated bioactive substance of the present invention has a small temperature dependence, even when the coated bioactive substance of the present invention is used for greenhouse cultivation or multi-cultivation where extreme temperature rise easily occurs, Following this, the dissolution rate does not become extremely large, and it is difficult for crops to be in a state of excessive fertilizer. On the contrary, even when the coated bioactive substance of the present invention is used for cultivation in the low temperature period, the soil temperature is low. The required fertilizer is supplied without following the elution rate extremely small.
Claims (3)
前記生物活性物質が、農薬および肥料からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも１種である被覆生物活性物質。The surface of the bioactive material particles is coated with polyurethane obtained by the reaction of tripropylene glycol and isocyanate ,
A coated bioactive substance , wherein the bioactive substance is at least one selected from the group consisting of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers .
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| CN104350855A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-02-18 | 山东省土壤肥料总站 | Application method of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chemical fertilizer in full bearing period of apple trees |
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| JP4542788B2 (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2010-09-15 | クミアイ化学工業株式会社 | Pesticide granular composition for treatment of horticultural crops and application method thereof |
| JP5040158B2 (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2012-10-03 | 住友化学株式会社 | Fertilization method in the cultivation of straw |
| JP2008247653A (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-16 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | Method for producing granular fertilizer composition, and granular fertilizer composition |
| JP2009234811A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-15 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | Fertilizer composition |
| CN103172436B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-04-29 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Areca catechu controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103172475A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-06-26 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Ananas comosus controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104058867B (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-08-24 | 江苏天宁农木科技园有限公司 | A kind of apple tree dedicated fertilizer and its preparation method and application |
| CN104086066A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-08 | 宁国市百惠牧业有限公司 | Economic circulation method of pig industry |
| CN105557165A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-11 | 长顺县顺新种植基地 | Fertilizing method for improving fruiting rate of apple |
| CN118715965B (en) * | 2024-08-19 | 2025-02-18 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Simple and efficient fertilization method for relieving pineapple continuous cropping obstacle |
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