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JP4890076B2 - Manufacturing method of high cleanliness steel - Google Patents
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JP4890076B2 - Manufacturing method of high cleanliness steel - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of high cleanliness steel Download PDF

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JP4890076B2
JP4890076B2 JP2006106802A JP2006106802A JP4890076B2 JP 4890076 B2 JP4890076 B2 JP 4890076B2 JP 2006106802 A JP2006106802 A JP 2006106802A JP 2006106802 A JP2006106802 A JP 2006106802A JP 4890076 B2 JP4890076 B2 JP 4890076B2
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molten steel
slag
deoxidation
solid carbon
steel
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弘昭 松元
世意 木村
毅 三村
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Description

本発明は、高清浄度鋼の製造方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for producing high cleanliness steel.

従来より、優れた疲労寿命や静粛性が求められる機械部品(例えば、ベアリング)などの元となる鋼材は、Al23に代表されるような非金属介在物の低減を極力行った清浄度の高い鋼であることが重要である。
このような清浄度の高い鋼(高清浄度鋼)は、一般的に、転炉にて溶鋼の脱炭を行った後、二次精錬装置にて溶鋼における化学成分の微調整や溶鋼に含まれる非金属介在物の低減を行い、連続鋳造装置にて鋳造することで製造される。
非金属介在物の低減する方法として、溶鋼上のスラグに固体炭素を投入(添加)し、当該固体炭素とスラグ内のFeOやMnO等とを反応させることで、スラグの脱酸(以降、スラグ脱酸という)を行ってスラグの酸化度の低下を促進し、スラグの酸化度の低下により溶鋼中のAl,Ti,Si等の酸素親和力の高い元素の酸化を防止するという方法がある。非金属介在物の低減するためにスラグ脱酸を行う技術としては特許文献1〜3に示されているものがある。
Conventional steel materials such as mechanical parts (for example, bearings) that require excellent fatigue life and quietness are cleanliness that reduces non-metallic inclusions as typified by Al 2 O 3 as much as possible. It is important to have a high steel.
Such high clean steel (high clean steel) is generally included in fine adjustment of chemical components in molten steel and molten steel by secondary refining equipment after decarburization of molten steel in a converter. It is manufactured by reducing non-metallic inclusions and casting with a continuous casting machine.
As a method for reducing non-metallic inclusions, solid carbon is added (added) to slag on molten steel, and the solid carbon reacts with FeO, MnO, etc. in the slag, thereby deoxidizing slag (hereinafter referred to as slag). There is a method of promoting the reduction of the slag oxidation degree by deoxidation and preventing the oxidation of elements having high oxygen affinity such as Al, Ti, Si, etc. in the molten steel by the reduction of the slag oxidation degree. As technologies for performing slag deoxidation to reduce non-metallic inclusions, there are those disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3.

特許文献1では、取鍋精錬炉により還元精錬を行った後にカーボン粒(固体炭素)を添加し、還元真空脱ガス処理を行った後、再度、取鍋精錬炉に戻し、溶鋼をバブリングにより弱攪拌している。
特許文献2のスラグの還元改質法では、還元剤として固体炭素(炭素材)を用いてスラグをプラズマ加熱することにより、スラグの還元を行っている。
特許文献3では、CaC2などの炭素を含む還元性スラグにアルカリ金属の弗化物、酸化物、アルカリ土類金属の弗化物の滓化促進化合物を5〜30%添加した低融点合成スラグを使用して更にMg、Caを添加している。
特開2003−253325号公報 特公平5−9486号 特公昭58−56021号
In Patent Document 1, after reducing refining in a ladle refining furnace, carbon particles (solid carbon) are added, and after reducing vacuum degassing treatment, it is returned to the ladle refining furnace again, and the molten steel is weakened by bubbling. Stirring.
In the slag reduction reforming method of Patent Document 2, slag is reduced by plasma heating the solid slag (carbon material) as a reducing agent.
In Patent Document 3, use an alkali metal fluoride in reducing the slag containing carbon such as CaC 2, oxides, low melting synthetic slag for slag formation promoting compound of alkaline earth metal fluorides added 5-30% In addition, Mg and Ca are further added.
JP 2003-253325 A No. 5-9486 Japanese Patent Publication No.58-56021

従来の方法では、固体炭素等をスラグに添加してスラグ脱酸することで溶鋼内の非金属介在物を低減させることが開示されているが、固体炭素を投入する時期や固体炭素を投入した後の攪拌動力密度が詳細に開示されておらず、従来の方法を用いても非金属介在物の低減が十分に行うことができないことが判明してきている。
そこで、本発明は、非金属介在物の低減を十分に行うことができる高清浄度鋼の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
In the conventional method, it is disclosed that non-metallic inclusions in molten steel are reduced by adding solid carbon or the like to slag and deoxidizing the slag. The subsequent stirring power density is not disclosed in detail, and it has been found that reduction of non-metallic inclusions cannot be sufficiently performed even by using a conventional method.
Then, an object of this invention is to provide the manufacturing method of the high cleanliness steel which can fully reduce a nonmetallic inclusion.

前記目的を達成するために、本発明は、次の手段を講じた。
即ち、本発明は、脱炭処理後の溶鋼にガスを吹き込んで攪拌しながら還元精錬を行う高清浄度鋼の製造方法において、前記溶鋼上のスラグに固体炭素を投入する5分以上前に、溶鋼を脱酸するのに必要な化学量論値以上の量のAlを溶鋼に投入して50W/ton以上の攪拌動力密度で攪拌した後、炭素成分が90%以上で且つ粒度が1mm〜15mmとなる前記固体炭素を投入し、50W/ton以下の攪拌動力密度で10分以上攪拌することとしており、前記固体炭素の投入は、スラグ上に溶鋼1ton当たりにつき0.15kg〜0.40kgとする点にある。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has taken the following measures.
That is, the present invention is a method for producing a high cleanliness steel in which gas is blown into the molten steel after decarburization treatment and reductive refining while stirring, and at least 5 minutes before charging solid carbon into the slag on the molten steel, After the amount of Al equal to or greater than the stoichiometric value necessary for deoxidizing the molten steel is added to the molten steel and stirred at a stirring power density of 50 W / ton or more, the carbon component is 90% or more and the particle size is 1 mm to 15 mm. the solid carbon projecting incoming city to be, and as a stirring 10 minutes or more stirring power density of less than 50 W / ton, introduction of the solid carbon, and 0.15kg~0.40kg per per molten steel 1ton on slag There is in point to do.

発明者は、上述したように、非金属介在物の低減を十分に行うことができる方法を実験等を行いながら様々検証した。
その結果、まず、最初にAlを投入して溶鋼を50W/ton以上の攪拌動力密度で十分に攪拌し、Alと溶鋼内の酸素との反応を促進することで溶鋼脱酸を行うことが必要であることを発明者は突き止めた。
また、スラグに固体炭素を投入する際は、スラグを十分に生成させた上で当該固体炭素をスラグ上に投入すると共に、溶鋼にAlを投入してから5分後に固体炭素を投入する(溶鋼に固体炭素を投入する5分前にAlを投入する)ことが必要であると突き止めた。
As described above, the inventor has conducted various tests on the method capable of sufficiently reducing nonmetallic inclusions while conducting experiments and the like.
As a result, first of all, it is necessary to perform deoxidation of molten steel by first introducing Al and sufficiently stirring the molten steel with a stirring power density of 50 W / ton or more to promote the reaction between Al and oxygen in the molten steel. The inventor found out.
In addition, when solid carbon is introduced into the slag, the solid carbon is introduced onto the slag after sufficient slag has been produced, and solid carbon is introduced 5 minutes after Al is introduced into the molten steel (molten steel). It was determined that it was necessary to put Al in 5 minutes before putting solid carbon in).

さらに、スラグに投入する固体炭素は、炭素成分を90%以上とし且つ粒径が1mm〜15mmとするのが良く、固体炭素を投入したときは50W/ton以下の攪拌動力密度で10分以上攪拌する必要があると突き止めた。
スラグに投入する固体炭素量は、多過ぎず少な過ぎない1ton当たりにつき0.15kg〜0.40kgにする必要があることを突き止めた。
以上、それぞれの条件を満たしながら高清浄度鋼の製造方法、非金属介在物の低減を十分に行うことができた。
Furthermore, the solid carbon to be charged into the slag should have a carbon component of 90% or more and a particle size of 1 mm to 15 mm. When solid carbon is charged, the carbon is stirred for 10 minutes or more at a stirring power density of 50 W / ton or less. I found it necessary to do.
It has been found that the amount of solid carbon to be added to the slag needs to be 0.15 kg to 0.40 kg per ton which is not too much and not too little.
As described above, it was possible to sufficiently reduce the production method of high cleanliness steel and nonmetallic inclusions while satisfying the respective conditions.

本発明における高清浄度鋼の製造方法よれば、非金属介在物の低減を十分に行うことができる。   According to the method for producing high cleanliness steel in the present invention, it is possible to sufficiently reduce nonmetallic inclusions.

本発明の高清浄度鋼の製造方法について説明する。
以下、本発明の高清浄度鋼の製造方法は、転炉又は電気炉から出鋼した溶鋼に対して脱酸(以降、溶鋼脱酸という)を行うと共に、溶鋼上のスラグに対してスラグ脱酸を行うことで、高清浄度鋼の製造をするものである。溶鋼脱酸とスラグ脱酸とは、両者とも還元反応であるため、以降、これらを還元処理ということがある。
前記還元処理は、主に二次精錬装置1にて行っており、二次精錬装置1で処理された溶鋼は連続鋳造装置等で鋳造されることとなる。
The manufacturing method of the high cleanliness steel of this invention is demonstrated.
Hereinafter, the high cleanliness steel manufacturing method of the present invention performs deoxidation (hereinafter referred to as “molten steel deoxidation”) on molten steel discharged from a converter or an electric furnace, and slag is removed from slag on the molten steel. By performing an acid, high cleanliness steel is produced. Since both molten steel deoxidation and slag deoxidation are reduction reactions, these may be referred to as reduction treatments hereinafter.
The reduction treatment is mainly performed by the secondary refining apparatus 1, and the molten steel processed by the secondary refining apparatus 1 is cast by a continuous casting apparatus or the like.

前記二次精錬装置1は電極加熱式の精錬装置(LF装置)であって、大気圧の雰囲気下で精錬を行うものである。二次精錬装置1は、溶鋼2が装入された取鍋3と、取鍋3の溶鋼2内にガスを吹き込む吹き込み装置4と、溶鋼2を加熱する電極式加熱装置5と、フラックス等を投入するための供給装置6を有している。
吹き込み装置4は、取鍋3の底部に設けられてその底部からガスを吹き込むポーラス吹込口7と、取鍋3の上部からガスを吹き込むランス9とを備えている。ランス9の先端には溶鋼2内にガスを吹き込むノズルが設けられている。なお、吹き込み装置4は、ポーラス吹込口7のみを有するものであっても、ランス9のみを有するものであってもよい。
The secondary refining apparatus 1 is an electrode heating type refining apparatus (LF apparatus) and performs refining in an atmosphere of atmospheric pressure. The secondary refining device 1 includes a ladle 3 in which molten steel 2 is charged, a blowing device 4 that blows gas into the molten steel 2 of the ladle 3, an electrode-type heating device 5 that heats the molten steel 2, a flux, and the like. It has a supply device 6 for charging.
The blowing device 4 includes a porous blowing port 7 that is provided at the bottom of the ladle 3 and blows gas from the bottom, and a lance 9 that blows gas from the top of the ladle 3. A nozzle that blows gas into the molten steel 2 is provided at the tip of the lance 9. The blowing device 4 may have only the porous blowing port 7 or only the lance 9.

以上の二次精錬装置1では、電極式加熱装置5で溶鋼2を所定温度まで上げて、吹き込み装置4からガスを吹き込んで溶鋼2を攪拌することによって、化学成分の微調整を行うと共に、溶鋼2内に含まれる非金属介在物の低減を行うことができる。
以下、本発明の高清浄度鋼の製造方法について詳しく説明する。図3は、本発明の高清浄度鋼の製造方法における還元処理の過程を示したものである。
まず、溶鋼2は転炉や電気炉にて脱炭処理が行われた後、取鍋3に装入されて二次精錬装置1へ運ばれる。転炉や電気炉から2次精錬装置1へ運ばれる途中で除滓処理が行われ、溶鋼2上に浮いたスラグSの殆どが除去される。
In the secondary refining apparatus 1 described above, the molten steel 2 is raised to a predetermined temperature by the electrode-type heating apparatus 5, the gas is blown from the blowing apparatus 4, and the molten steel 2 is agitated to finely adjust the chemical composition, and the molten steel Nonmetallic inclusions contained in 2 can be reduced.
Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the high cleanliness steel of this invention is demonstrated in detail. FIG. 3 shows the process of reduction treatment in the method for producing high cleanliness steel of the present invention.
First, the molten steel 2 is decarburized in a converter or an electric furnace, and then charged in the ladle 3 and carried to the secondary refining apparatus 1. Removal of the slag S that floats on the molten steel 2 is removed by removing the iron from the converter or the electric furnace to the secondary refining apparatus 1.

二次精錬装置1に到達した取鍋3内に供給装置6を用いてフラックスを投入する。
その後、溶鋼2の脱酸に必要なAlを投入し、ポーラス吹込口7やランス9を用いて溶鋼2内に不活性ガス(例えばAr)を吹き込んで溶鋼2を攪拌する。Alを投入する時期は、溶鋼2に固体炭素を投入する5分以上前としている。以降、溶鋼脱酸のために溶鋼2にAlを投入してから固体炭素を投入する前までを溶鋼脱酸工程とする。
溶鋼脱酸工程では、溶鋼2にAlを投入しているため、溶鋼2内のO2と投入したAlとが反応してAl23が生成(4Al+3O2→2Al23)され、溶鋼2内の脱酸が促進される。生成されたAl23は溶鋼2内から次第に浮上し、溶鋼2と分離する。
Flux is introduced into the ladle 3 that has reached the secondary refining device 1 using the supply device 6.
Thereafter, Al necessary for deoxidation of the molten steel 2 is introduced, and an inert gas (for example, Ar) is blown into the molten steel 2 using the porous blowing port 7 and the lance 9 to stir the molten steel 2. The time when Al is added is at least 5 minutes before the solid carbon is charged into the molten steel 2. Thereafter, the molten steel deoxidation step is performed from the time when Al is introduced into the molten steel 2 for the molten steel deoxidation until before the solid carbon is introduced.
Molten steel deoxidation process, because it was charged with Al in the molten steel 2, and the Al was charged with O 2 in the molten steel 2 is the reaction Al 2 O 3 is generated (4Al + 3O 2 → 2Al 2 O 3), the molten steel Deoxidation within 2 is promoted. The produced Al 2 O 3 gradually floats from the molten steel 2 and separates from the molten steel 2.

また、溶鋼脱酸工程において、溶鋼2に投入するAl量(Al投入量)は、4Al+3O2→2Al23の反応を起こしうる量としている。言い換えれば、Al量は、溶鋼を脱酸するのに必要な化学量論値以上の量であって、溶鋼中の酸素に対して脱酸を十分に行える量である。なお、溶鋼2に投入するAl量は、精錬処理後の溶鋼2内に残存するAl量が製鋼の種類に応じて決められた規格値に留まる量とされている。溶鋼脱酸工程では、不活性ガスを吹き込む際は、式(1)で示す攪拌動力密度が50W/ton以上となるように、Arガスの流量を調節している。攪拌時間は、溶鋼2内にAlを投入してから5分以上としている。 Further, in the molten steel deoxidation step, the Al amount (Al input amount) input to the molten steel 2 is set to an amount capable of causing a reaction of 4Al + 3O 2 → 2Al 2 O 3 . In other words, the amount of Al is an amount equal to or greater than the stoichiometric value necessary for deoxidizing the molten steel, and is an amount that can sufficiently deoxidize oxygen in the molten steel. Note that the amount of Al charged into the molten steel 2 is such that the amount of Al remaining in the molten steel 2 after the refining treatment remains at a standard value determined according to the type of steelmaking. In the molten steel deoxidation step, when the inert gas is blown, the flow rate of Ar gas is adjusted so that the stirring power density represented by the formula (1) is 50 W / ton or more. The stirring time is 5 minutes or longer after Al is introduced into the molten steel 2.

Figure 0004890076
Figure 0004890076

したがって、溶鋼脱酸工程では、 攪拌動力密度を50W/ton以上としつつ溶鋼2内にAlを投入してから5分以上攪拌していることから、溶鋼2のOとAlとを十分に反応させて溶鋼脱酸を効率よく行うことができる。
次に、Alを投入して溶鋼2を攪拌し始めてからの時間が5分以上経過した後、炭素成分が90%以上で且つ粒度が1mm〜15mmとなる固体炭素を、溶鋼1ton当たりにつき0.15kg〜0.40kgスラグSに向けて投入する。
そして、式(1)で示す攪拌動力密度が50W/ton以下となるように、Arガスの流量を調節し、溶鋼2を攪拌する。以降、スラグ脱酸のためにスラグS上に固体炭素を投入してスラグ脱酸を終了するまでの間をスラグ脱酸工程とする。
Therefore, in the molten steel deoxidation step, the stirring power density is 50 W / ton or more and Al is introduced into the molten steel 2 and stirring is performed for 5 minutes or more. Therefore, the O in the molten steel 2 and Al are sufficiently reacted. Thus, deoxidation of molten steel can be performed efficiently.
Next, after 5 minutes or more have elapsed since Al was introduced and the molten steel 2 was started to be stirred, solid carbon having a carbon component of 90% or more and a particle size of 1 mm to 15 mm was reduced to 0.000 per ton of molten steel. It is thrown toward 15kg to 0.40kg slag S.
And the flow rate of Ar gas is adjusted and the molten steel 2 is stirred so that the stirring power density shown by Formula (1) may be 50 W / ton or less. Hereinafter, a period from when solid carbon is introduced onto the slag S for slag deoxidation until the slag deoxidation is completed is referred to as a slag deoxidation step.

スラグ脱酸工程では、スラグS上に固体炭素を投入しているため、固体炭素とスラグS内のFeOやMnOとが反応して(FeO+C→Fe+CO,MnO+C→Mn+CO)、スラグS中のFeOやMnOが低減することとなる。
スラグSがFeOやMnOを含んだ酸化性スラグであると、その酸化性スラグによって溶鋼中のAl,Ti,Si等の酸素親和力の強い元素を酸化させ非金属介在物を増加させてしまう要因となる。本発明では、スラグ脱酸工程でスラグ中のFeOやMnOを低減させていることからスラグSによって溶鋼2内の非金属介在物が増加することはない。言い換えれば、スラグ脱酸工程でスラグSの脱酸を行っていることから溶鋼2内の非金属介在物を減少させることができる。
In the slag deoxidation step, since solid carbon is introduced onto the slag S, the solid carbon reacts with FeO and MnO in the slag S (FeO + C → Fe + CO, MnO + C → Mn + CO), and FeO in the slag S MnO will be reduced.
If the slag S is an oxidizing slag containing FeO or MnO, the oxidizing slag oxidizes elements with strong oxygen affinity, such as Al, Ti, Si, etc. in the molten steel, which increases non-metallic inclusions. Become. In the present invention, since FeO and MnO in the slag are reduced in the slag deoxidation step, non-metallic inclusions in the molten steel 2 are not increased by the slag S. In other words, since the slag S is deoxidized in the slag deoxidation step, nonmetallic inclusions in the molten steel 2 can be reduced.

また、スラグ脱酸工程では、 攪拌動力密度を50W/ton以下としていることから
溶鋼2にスラグSが巻き込むことを抑えている。また、攪拌時間を10分以上としていることからスラグSと固体炭素とを十分に反応させている。
スラグ脱酸工程が終了後、溶鋼2が装入された取鍋3は、真空脱ガス装置(RH)に搬送され、真空下での溶鋼還流が実施され、溶鋼内の非金属介在物がさらに分離される。
Moreover, in the slag deoxidation process, the stirring power density is 50 W / ton or less, so that the slag S is prevented from being caught in the molten steel 2. Moreover, since the stirring time is 10 minutes or more, the slag S and the solid carbon are sufficiently reacted.
After the slag deoxidation process is completed, the ladle 3 in which the molten steel 2 is charged is conveyed to a vacuum degassing device (RH), where molten steel reflux is performed under vacuum, and nonmetallic inclusions in the molten steel are further removed. To be separated.

表1は、本発明の高清浄度鋼の製造方法を実施した実施例と、本発明の高清浄度鋼の製造方法を実施しなかった比較例とを示したものである。   Table 1 shows an example in which the manufacturing method of the high cleanliness steel of the present invention was performed and a comparative example in which the manufacturing method of the high cleanliness steel of the present invention was not performed.

Figure 0004890076
Figure 0004890076

実施例や比較例では、転炉又は電気炉から二次精錬装置1に溶鋼2を搬送する間に脱酸のためのAlを投入すると共に、二次精錬装置1に溶鋼2が到達た後にも脱酸のためのAlを溶鋼2に投入した。
即ち、実施例や比較例における溶鋼脱酸工程では、図3に示すように、Alを投入する時期を、転炉又は電気炉から二次精錬装置1に溶鋼2を搬送するまでに投入する第1投入時期と、二次精錬装置1に溶鋼2が到達後に投入する第2投入時期とに分けたものとしている。
In Examples and Comparative Examples, Al is added for deoxidation while the molten steel 2 is conveyed from the converter or the electric furnace to the secondary refining apparatus 1, and also after the molten steel 2 reaches the secondary refining apparatus 1. Al for deoxidation was introduced into the molten steel 2.
That is, in the molten steel deoxidation process in Examples and Comparative Examples, as shown in FIG. 3, the time when Al is introduced is before the molten steel 2 is conveyed from the converter or the electric furnace to the secondary refining device 1. It is assumed that it is divided into a first charging time and a second charging time when the molten steel 2 arrives in the secondary refining device 1.

表1に示すAlの投入量(合計量)は、溶鋼脱酸工程で溶鋼脱酸のためにAlを投入した総合計であって、二次精錬装置1にて投入したAlの量だけでなく、転炉又は電気炉から二次精錬装置1へ向けて搬送する間に投入したAlの量も含んだものとなる。
本発明の高清浄度鋼の製造方法では、二次精錬装置1のみで溶鋼脱酸するためのAl全てを投入してもよいし、実施例や比較例のように転炉又は電気炉から二次精錬装置1に溶鋼2を搬送する間と、二次精錬装置1で処理時とにAlの投入を分けても良い。
なお、転炉又は電気炉から出鋼後の溶鋼に含まれるフリー酸素量は最大で300ppmであるため、最大300ppmのフリー酸素をキルド(脱酸)できるAlを溶鋼に投入すればよい。具体的には、Al量を化学量論によって決まる0.34kg/t以上としており、固体炭素を投入するまでに完全に溶鋼2中の酸素がキルドしている。
The amount of Al input (total amount) shown in Table 1 is a total sum of Al added for molten steel deoxidation in the molten steel deoxidation step, and is not only the amount of Al charged in the secondary refining apparatus 1 In addition, the amount of Al introduced during conveyance from the converter or electric furnace toward the secondary refining apparatus 1 is also included.
In the manufacturing method of the high cleanliness steel of the present invention, all of Al for deoxidizing molten steel may be charged only by the secondary refining apparatus 1, or from a converter or an electric furnace as in Examples and Comparative Examples. You may divide | segment the injection | throwing-in of Al while conveying the molten steel 2 to the secondary refining apparatus 1, and at the time of processing with the secondary refining apparatus 1.
In addition, since the maximum amount of free oxygen contained in the molten steel from the converter or electric furnace is 300 ppm, Al that can kill (deoxidize) a maximum of 300 ppm of free oxygen may be added to the molten steel. Specifically, the amount of Al is 0.34 kg / t or more determined by the stoichiometry, and oxygen in the molten steel 2 is completely killed before the solid carbon is charged.

実施例や比較例では、還元処理後の溶鋼に対して非金属介在物の低減度合いを評価するためにアルミナ系介在物個数を測定した。
アルミナ系介在物個数はEPMA(電子プローブ・マイクロアナライザー)で計測した。使用したEPMAは日本電子社製「JXA−8000」シリーズで、測定条件は加速電圧20kv、X線種はK線、ビーム径は2μmとし、EDS検出器を使用した。
EPMAで観測された介在物の短径が5μm以上の介在物で、CaO−Al23−SiO2−MgOの4元系換算でAl23を50%以上且つCaOを5%以下含有するものをアルミナ系介在物とし、その個数を計測した。計測では、信頼性を確保するために3000mm2以上観測した。
In Examples and Comparative Examples, the number of alumina inclusions was measured in order to evaluate the degree of reduction of nonmetallic inclusions in the molten steel after the reduction treatment.
The number of alumina inclusions was measured with EPMA (Electron Probe Microanalyzer). The EPMA used was “JXA-8000” series manufactured by JEOL Ltd., the measurement conditions were an acceleration voltage of 20 kv, the X-ray type was K-ray, the beam diameter was 2 μm, and an EDS detector was used.
Inclusions with a minor axis of 5 μm or more observed by EPMA and containing 50% or more of Al 2 O 3 and 5% or less of CaO in terms of CaO—Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —MgO quaternary system. Those to be used were alumina inclusions, and the number of the inclusions was counted. In the measurement, 3000 mm 2 or more was observed in order to ensure reliability.

以下、実施例及び比較例について詳しく説明する。
表1に示すように、比較例1,2では、溶鋼脱酸工程での攪拌動力密度が50W/ton以下であり、攪拌動力密度が小さいことからAlと溶鋼2とが十分に混ざり合わなかったため、一部の溶鋼2に対しての脱酸が進行するのみで全部の溶鋼2対して脱酸が行うことが出来ず、溶鋼脱酸が十分に進行しなかった。その結果、溶鋼2内の酸素濃度が高いままであるため、精錬処理後(還元処理後)においてのアルミナ系介在物が増加してしまうこととなる。アルミナ系介在物の個数を調べると、3.0個/cm2よりも多くなっている(評価「×」)。
Hereinafter, examples and comparative examples will be described in detail.
As shown in Table 1, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the stirring power density in the molten steel deoxidation process was 50 W / ton or less, and since the stirring power density was small, Al and the molten steel 2 were not sufficiently mixed. The deoxidation of all the molten steels 2 could not be performed only by the deoxidation of some of the molten steels 2, and the molten steel deoxidation did not proceed sufficiently. As a result, since the oxygen concentration in the molten steel 2 remains high, alumina inclusions after the refining treatment (after the reduction treatment) increase. When the number of alumina inclusions is examined, it is more than 3.0 / cm 2 (evaluation “×”).

比較例3,4では、Alを投入してから固体炭素を投入するまでの時間が5分以内であり、溶鋼脱酸工程における脱酸の時間が短いことから、全部の溶鋼2対する脱酸を行うための時間が確保されないばかりか、脱酸によって生成されたAl23の多くを溶鋼2内から浮き上がらせることが出来ない。
したがって、溶鋼2内の酸素濃度が高いままであると共に、溶鋼2内に留まってしまうAl23の量が増加してしまうこととなることから、精錬処理後(還元処理後)におけるアルミナ系介在物個数は3.0個/cm2よりも多くなっている(評価「×」)。
In Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the time from the introduction of Al to the introduction of solid carbon is within 5 minutes, and the deoxidation time in the molten steel deoxidation process is short. Not only is the time for performing the process secured, but much of the Al 2 O 3 produced by the deoxidation cannot be lifted from the molten steel 2.
Therefore, the oxygen concentration in the molten steel 2 remains high and the amount of Al 2 O 3 remaining in the molten steel 2 increases, so that the alumina system after the refining treatment (after the reduction treatment) The number of inclusions is more than 3.0 / cm 2 (evaluation “×”).

比較例5では、スラグ脱酸工程で溶鋼2に投入する固体炭素が溶鋼1ton当たりにつき0.15kg以下であり、溶鋼2、即ち、溶鋼2上のスラグ量に対しての炭素量が少な過ぎることからスラグ脱酸を十分に行うことができず、アルミナ系介在物個数が3.0個/cm2よりも多くなっている(評価「×」)。通常、スラグ量は溶鋼量に伴って増減すると考えられ、溶鋼量の増加に伴ってスラグ量は多くなり、溶鋼量の減少に伴ってスラグの量は少ないことから溶鋼量を基準として、固体炭素の量を規定している。
比較例6では、スラグ脱酸工程で溶鋼2に投入する固体炭素が溶鋼1ton当たりにつき0.40kg以上であり、スラグ量に対する炭素量は多く、スラグ脱酸については十分に行うことができたが、炭素量が多過ぎたためにスラグSと反応しない炭素の多くが溶鋼2に溶け込んでしまい、溶鋼2内の炭素を大幅に増加させてしまっている。結果として、炭素量が目標値よりも0.009%も多くなり規格より外れた(評価「×」)。比較例6では炭素の微調整が困難となる。
In Comparative Example 5, the solid carbon to be introduced into the molten steel 2 in the slag deoxidation step is 0.15 kg or less per ton of molten steel, and the amount of carbon relative to the amount of slag on the molten steel 2, that is, the molten steel 2 is too small. Thus, the slag deoxidation cannot be sufficiently performed, and the number of alumina inclusions is more than 3.0 / cm 2 (evaluation “×”). Normally, the amount of slag is considered to increase or decrease with the amount of molten steel.The amount of slag increases with the amount of molten steel, and the amount of slag decreases with the amount of molten steel. The amount is prescribed.
In Comparative Example 6, the solid carbon to be introduced into the molten steel 2 in the slag deoxidation process is 0.40 kg or more per 1 ton of the molten steel, the carbon amount relative to the slag amount is large, and the slag deoxidation could be sufficiently performed. Since the carbon amount is too much, most of the carbon that does not react with the slag S has melted into the molten steel 2 and the carbon in the molten steel 2 has been greatly increased. As a result, the amount of carbon was 0.009% higher than the target value and deviated from the standard (evaluation “×”). In Comparative Example 6, fine adjustment of carbon becomes difficult.

比較例7,8では、スラグ脱酸工程で溶鋼2に投入する固体炭素の成分が90%未満であり、スラグ脱酸に寄与する炭素量が少ないことからスラグ脱酸を十分にすることができなかったので、アルミナ系介在物個数が3.0個/cm2よりも多くなった(評価「×」)。
比較例9では、スラグ脱酸工程で溶鋼2に投入する固体炭素の粒径が1mm未満であり粒径が小さいことから固体炭素をスラグSに投入した際に溶鋼2からの熱等によって固体炭素がスラグSに到達する前に燃焼してしまう。その結果、スラグSと反応する固体炭素の量が実質的に少なくなり、スラグ脱酸を十分に行うことができず、アルミナ系介在物個数が3.0個/cm2よりも多くなった(評価「×」)。
In Comparative Examples 7 and 8, the component of solid carbon to be introduced into the molten steel 2 in the slag deoxidation step is less than 90%, and the amount of carbon contributing to slag deoxidation is small, so that slag deoxidation can be sufficiently achieved. As a result, the number of alumina inclusions was more than 3.0 / cm 2 (evaluation “×”).
In Comparative Example 9, the solid carbon to be introduced into the molten steel 2 in the slag deoxidation step has a particle diameter of less than 1 mm and the particle diameter is small, so that when solid carbon is introduced into the slag S, the solid carbon is heated by heat from the molten steel 2 or the like. Burns before it reaches the slag S. As a result, the amount of solid carbon that reacts with the slag S is substantially reduced, slag deoxidation cannot be performed sufficiently, and the number of alumina inclusions exceeds 3.0 / cm 2 ( Evaluation “×”).

比較例10では、スラグ脱酸工程で溶鋼2に投入する固体炭素の粒径が15mmを超え、粒径が非常に大きいことからスラグSに到達した固体炭素とスラグSとの反応がし難く、スラグ脱酸を十分に行うことができず、アルミナ系介在物個数が3.0個/cm2よりも多くなった(評価「×」)。
比較例11,12では、スラグ脱酸工程での攪拌動力密度が50W/tonよりも大きく、投入した固体酸素の多くがスラグSではなく溶鋼2溶け込んでしまう。その結果、スラグSと反応する固体炭素量が投入した投入炭素量よりも大幅に少なくスラグSの酸化度が高いままであることにより溶鋼2内のAl23を増加させてしまうこととなる。比較例11,12では、アルミナ系介在物個数が3.0個/cm2よりも多くなった(評価「×」)。
In Comparative Example 10, the particle size of the solid carbon to be introduced into the molten steel 2 in the slag deoxidation step exceeds 15 mm, and the particle size is very large, so that the reaction between the solid carbon reaching the slag S and the slag S is difficult. Slag deoxidation could not be performed sufficiently, and the number of alumina inclusions was more than 3.0 / cm 2 (evaluation “×”).
In Comparative Examples 11 and 12, the stirring power density in the slag deoxidation process is larger than 50 W / ton, and most of the charged solid oxygen dissolves in the molten steel 2 instead of the slag S. As a result, the amount of solid carbon that reacts with the slag S is significantly smaller than the amount of carbon input, and the oxidation degree of the slag S remains high, thereby increasing Al 2 O 3 in the molten steel 2. . In Comparative Examples 11 and 12, the number of alumina inclusions was greater than 3.0 / cm 2 (evaluation “×”).

比較例13,14では、スラグ脱酸工程での攪拌時間が10分未満と短く、スラグ脱酸工程における脱酸の時間が十分でないことからスラグSに残るFeOやMnOが多く、その結果、アルミナ系介在物個数が3.0個/cm2よりも多くなった(評価「×」)。
比較例1〜14に対して、実施例15〜25では、溶鋼脱酸工程で、溶鋼2に固体炭素を投入する5分以上前に溶鋼2の脱酸に必要なAlを投入しいることから、固体炭素を投入する前にOとAlとを十分に反応させることができる。
実施例15〜25では、50W/ton以上の攪拌動力密度で攪拌していることから、溶鋼2とAlとが混ざりやすくOとAlとの反応をさせ易い。これに加え、実施例15〜25では、投入する固体炭素の炭素成分を90%以上であるからスラグ脱酸に寄与する炭素量が多く、スラグ脱酸を十分に行うことができる。
In Comparative Examples 13 and 14, the stirring time in the slag deoxidation process is as short as less than 10 minutes, and the deoxidation time in the slag deoxidation process is not sufficient, so there are a lot of FeO and MnO remaining in the slag S. As a result, alumina The number of system inclusions was more than 3.0 / cm 2 (evaluation “×”).
In comparison with Comparative Examples 1 to 14, in Examples 15 to 25, in the molten steel deoxidation step, Al necessary for deoxidation of the molten steel 2 is introduced 5 minutes or more before the solid carbon is introduced into the molten steel 2. O and Al can be sufficiently reacted before adding solid carbon.
In Examples 15 to 25, since stirring is performed at a stirring power density of 50 W / ton or more, the molten steel 2 and Al are easily mixed and O and Al are easily reacted. In addition, in Examples 15 to 25, since the carbon component of the solid carbon to be input is 90% or more, the amount of carbon contributing to slag deoxidation is large, and slag deoxidation can be sufficiently performed.

しかも、実施例15〜25では、固体炭素の粒度を1mm〜15mmとしているため、投入した固体炭素が燃焼してスラグSに到達しなかったり、スラグSとの反応がし難いこともなく、投入した固体炭素を十分にスラグSと反応させることができる。
実施例15〜25では、固体炭素をスラグ上に溶鋼1ton当たりにつき0.15kg〜0.40kg投入していることから、固体炭素量はスラグに対して少過ぎない量であり、固体炭素とスラグS内のFeOやMnOとを十分に反応させることができる。また、多過ぎない量であり、スラグ脱酸を十分行うことができ且つスラグSに反応しない固体炭素が溶鋼2内に大量に溶け込むこともないので、炭素の微調整も可能である。
In addition, in Examples 15 to 25, since the solid carbon has a particle size of 1 mm to 15 mm, the charged solid carbon does not reach the slag S due to combustion, and does not easily react with the slag S. The solid carbon thus obtained can be sufficiently reacted with the slag S.
In Examples 15 to 25, 0.15 kg to 0.40 kg of solid carbon per ton of molten steel was introduced onto the slag, so the amount of solid carbon was not too small relative to the slag, and solid carbon and slag FeO and MnO in S can be sufficiently reacted. Moreover, since it is a quantity which is not too much, slag deoxidation can fully be performed, and since solid carbon which does not react with slag S does not melt in the molten steel 2 in large quantities, fine adjustment of carbon is also possible.

実施例15〜25では、攪拌動力密度を50W/ton以下としていることから、スラグSに投入した固体炭素を、スラグSと反応させることなく多量に溶鋼2内に溶け込ませることを防ぐことができる。実施例15〜25では、スラグ脱酸工程で、10分以上攪拌しているためスラグ脱酸を十分に行わせることができる。
本発明の高清浄度鋼の製造方法を満たす実施例15〜25ではアルミナ系介在物個数を3.0個/cm2以下に抑えることができた(評価「○」)。特に実施例24,25では、アルミナ系介在物個数を1.0個/cm2以下に抑えることができた(評価「◎」)。
In Examples 15 to 25, since the stirring power density is 50 W / ton or less, it is possible to prevent a large amount of the solid carbon charged into the slag S from being melted into the molten steel 2 without reacting with the slag S. . In Examples 15-25, since it is stirring for 10 minutes or more at a slag deoxidation process, slag deoxidation can fully be performed.
In Examples 15 to 25 that satisfy the manufacturing method of the high cleanliness steel of the present invention, the number of alumina inclusions could be suppressed to 3.0 pieces / cm 2 or less (evaluation “◯”). In particular, Example 24 and 25, it was possible to suppress the alumina-based inclusions number to 1.0 / cm 2 or less (rated "◎").

図2は、鋼材(溶鋼2)に含まれるアルミナ系介在物個数と、鋼材を元にして製造したベアリングでの転動寿命との関係をまとめたものである。
図2に示すように、アルミナ系介在物個数が少なくなる程、ベアリングが破壊に至るまでの転動回数が増加していて転動寿命は長い。一方で、アルミナ系介在物個数が多くなる程、転動寿命となるベアリングの転動回数が減少していて転動寿命は短い。
特に、アルミナ系介在物個数が3.0個/cm2よりも小さい鋼材で製造したベアリングの転動寿命は50×106以上で長寿命あるのに対し、アルミナ系介在物個数が3.0個/cm2よりも大きい鋼材で製造したベアリングの転動寿命は50×106以下で短寿命である。
FIG. 2 summarizes the relationship between the number of alumina inclusions contained in the steel material (molten steel 2) and the rolling life of a bearing manufactured from the steel material.
As shown in FIG. 2, as the number of alumina inclusions decreases, the number of rolling until the bearing breaks increases and the rolling life is longer. On the other hand, as the number of alumina inclusions increases, the number of rolling of the bearing, which is the rolling life, decreases, and the rolling life is short.
In particular, the rolling life of a bearing made of a steel material having an alumina inclusion number smaller than 3.0 / cm 2 is 50 × 10 6 or more and has a long life, whereas the alumina inclusion number is 3.0. The rolling life of a bearing made of a steel material larger than the piece / cm 2 is 50 × 10 6 or less and is short.

したがって、高清浄度鋼(鋼材)を製造するにあたり、本発明の高清浄度鋼の製造方法を採用すれば、当該高清浄度鋼で製造した機械部品(例えば、ベアリング)の疲労寿命(転動寿命)を優れたものにすることが可能となる。   Therefore, when manufacturing the high cleanliness steel (steel material), if the high cleanliness steel manufacturing method of the present invention is adopted, the fatigue life (rolling) of the machine parts (for example, bearings) manufactured with the high cleanliness steel is used. (Lifetime) can be improved.

二次精錬装置の概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram of a secondary refining apparatus. アルミナ系介在物個数とベアリングの転動寿命(転動疲労寿命)との関係図である。FIG. 4 is a relationship diagram between the number of alumina inclusions and the rolling life (rolling fatigue life) of a bearing. 還元処理の過程における溶鋼脱酸工程,スラグ脱酸工程の流れを示した工程図である。It is process drawing which showed the flow of the molten steel deoxidation process in the process of a reduction process, and a slag deoxidation process.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 二次精錬装置(LF装置)
2 溶鋼
3 取鍋
S スラグ
1 Secondary refining equipment (LF equipment)
2 Molten steel 3 Ladle S Slag

Claims (1)

脱炭処理後の溶鋼にガスを吹き込んで攪拌しながら還元精錬を行う高清浄度鋼の製造方法において、
前記溶鋼上のスラグに固体炭素を投入する5分以上前に、溶鋼を脱酸するのに必要な化学量論値以上の量のAlを溶鋼に投入して50W/ton以上の攪拌動力密度で攪拌した後、炭素成分が90%以上で且つ粒度が1mm〜15mmとなる前記固体炭素を投入し、50W/ton以下の攪拌動力密度で10分以上攪拌することとしており、
前記固体炭素の投入は、スラグ上に溶鋼1ton当たりにつき0.15kg〜0.40kgとすることを特徴とする高清浄度鋼の製造方法。
In the manufacturing method of high cleanliness steel that performs reductive refining while blowing and stirring gas into the molten steel after decarburization treatment,
At least 5 minutes before introducing solid carbon into the slag on the molten steel, an amount of Al equal to or greater than the stoichiometric value necessary for deoxidizing the molten steel is added to the molten steel at a stirring power density of 50 W / ton or more. after stirring, and the fact that the carbon component is stirred and granularity projecting enter City said solid carbon to be 1 mm to 15 mm, more than 10 minutes at a stirring power density of less than 50 W / ton 90% or more,
The solid carbon is charged at a rate of 0.15 kg to 0.40 kg per ton of molten steel on the slag .
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