JP4895124B2 - Cogeneration system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a household cogeneration system (for example, a fuel cell cogeneration system, a gas engine cogeneration system, etc.).

As a technique for operating a home cogeneration system with high efficiency, for example, in order to operate in a high-efficiency region (region indicated by a symbol “H” in FIG. 7), the power load is appropriately shifted over time. In addition, there is a technique for avoiding a low output operation in which the efficiency is reduced and performing an operation with high efficiency (see Patent Document 1).
However, the related art does not consider the relation with the hot water supply demand, and cannot overcome the heat radiation loss due to the timing difference between the heat recovery and the hot water supply demand.

  Here, in a household cogeneration system, for example, if the device that generates electricity and heat is a fuel cell, a method of storing heat generated in the fuel cell in a hot water storage means (for example, a hot water storage tank) is employed. When such a method is employed, the operation of the fuel cell cannot be continued when the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage means reaches a limit (thermally becomes a so-called “full tank”).

Even when the power load is less than a predetermined value, the device for generating electricity and heat in the cogeneration system is difficult to continue operation and stops. In addition, the increase in the number of times of stopping and starting is directly connected to shortening the life of the device that generates electricity and heat in the cogeneration system. Therefore, it is desirable to avoid as much as possible the situation where the power load is less than the predetermined value and the situation where the device that generates electricity and heat stops.
However, in the conventional home cogeneration system, it is difficult to avoid a situation in which the power load becomes less than a predetermined value or a situation in which a device that generates electricity and heat stops.

In addition, in the case of a fuel cell cogeneration system, even if heat is stored when there is no hot water supply, the temperature of the stored hot water (the hot water in the hot water storage tank) decreases, so that It becomes efficiency. For this reason, there is a demand to adjust hot water storage timing appropriately to use hot water at the time of hot water supply demand.
The prior art cannot meet such a request.

As another prior art, as shown in the characteristic diagram of FIG. 8, a part Wh of the maximum power load is moved to a time zone Tx where the power load is low, the power load is leveled, and the maximum power load ( There is also a technique for reducing the peak of electric power load (see Patent Document 2).
However, in the related art, a device that generates electricity and heat in the cogeneration system is not a target of control.

In order to deal with the problems as described above, the applicant selects a load that can change the operation time from the power load, as shown in FIG. We proposed a technology to move to the time zone before “bathrooming”, which is the biggest demand for hot water supply.
According to the technology, the movable power load is moved to a time zone in which the power load is reduced between less than the allowable minimum load, and the time period in which the power load is less than the allowable minimum load is reduced. Energy savings can be increased. At the same time, it is possible to move the cogeneration system with high efficiency operation is enabled region.

The technique shown in FIG. 9 is very useful in a home where the lifestyle is very constant and the bathing start time does not change.
However, in the user's house where the bathing start time is not constant, even if the power load that can move the operating time is moved to the time zone before “bathing” in the technique of FIG. 9, it will lead to a reduction in primary energy. There is a problem of not.
JP 2003-129904 A JP 2002-369383 A

  The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and is a device that generates electricity and heat in a cogeneration system due to a small power load (for example, a gas combined with a fuel cell device and a generator). Cogeneration system that can avoid the situation where the efficiency of the engine etc. decreases or stops, and can increase the amount of primary energy reduction even for users with irregular lifestyles The purpose is to provide.

According to the present invention, the cogeneration apparatus (2) that generates and generates heat, the power load that consumes power (for example, the lighting 6, the refrigerator 7, the washing machine 8, the dishwasher 9, etc.) and the heat are consumed. a hot water supply load (4), made by the hot water storage tank for heat storage generated heat in the cogeneration system (2) and (5), a control device for controlling the operation of the cogeneration system (2) and (10), wherein in cogeneration system power load (6-9) is connected the control device (10) and via a signal transmission line (CL1 - CL4), the control device (10) is power load (6-9) and among changeable power load uptime and load classification means for classifying into a unmodifiable power load (13), the casing divided in all cases capable of changing the operating time of the power load And over scan classification determining means (12), a primary energy reduction amount calculating means for calculating the primary energy reduction due to the power load is changed (14), the reduced-primary energy reduction is maximized casing a selection determining unit (15), it has a its operation plan creating means (17) for the operating schedule judging means cogeneration system according to case selected in (15) (2), a control unit (10 ) Analyzes the current power load (6-9) (S1) creates a load pattern (S2), and the load classification means (13) can change the operating time (ML) and cannot be changed (S3), select a power load whose operating time can be changed from any of the times when the power load is equal to or greater than the minimum operating load of the cogeneration system (2) (S4). All cases where the power load is moved are determined from the changeable power load thus determined and the time during which the power load can be moved, and information on all the determined cases is sent to the primary energy reduction amount calculation means (14). (S5) The primary energy reduction amount is calculated for all cases and the information is sent to the determination means (15) (S6), and the determination means (15) has a function of selecting the case with the largest primary energy reduction amount. .

Moreover, according to this invention, the cogeneration apparatus (2) which produces electric power and heat_generation | fever, the electric power load (6-9) which consumes electric power, the hot water supply load (4) which consumes heat, and the said cogeneration apparatus ( 2) It is composed of a hot water storage tank (5) for storing heat generated in 2) and a control device (100) for controlling the operation of the cogeneration device (2), and the electric power loads (6 to 9) are connected to the control device ( 100) and a cogeneration system connected via signal transmission lines (CL1 to CL4), the control device (100) is a power load (ML) whose operating time can be changed among the power loads (6 to 9). And load classification means (113) for classifying power loads that cannot be changed, and case classification determination means (1) for performing case classification for all cases in which the operating time of the power load can be changed 2), a primary energy reduction amount calculation means (114) for calculating the primary energy reduction amount due to the change of the power load, and a selection means (116) for selecting the case where the reduced primary energy reduction amount is the maximum. ) And an operation plan creation means (117) for creating an operation plan of the cogeneration apparatus (2) according to the case selected by the selection means (116), and the control device (100) has a current power load. (6-9) is analyzed (S21), a load pattern is created (S22), and the load classification means (113) is used to change the power load (6-9) to those whose operation time can be changed (ML). The load is classified as impossible (S23), and the power load whose operating time can be changed from any of the times when the power load is equal to or greater than the minimum operating load of the cogeneration system (2). (S24), and determines all cases where the power load is changed from the selected changeable power load and the time when the power load can be changed (S25), and the operation time selected from all the cases. And the case where the power demand in the time before the change of the power load falls below the minimum operating load of the cogeneration apparatus (2) after the change is specified by the determination block (112E) of the case division determination means (112) Then, the case identified by the exclusion block (12F) of the case division determination means (112) is excluded (S26), and the electric power demand is determined by the simulation block (112D) and the determination block (112E) of the case division determination means (112). Identifies a case where the number of times (m) that falls below the minimum operating load of the cogeneration system (2) exceeds the specified value Then, the identified case is excluded by the exclusion block (112F) (S27), and the primary energy reduction amount is calculated by the primary energy reduction amount calculation means (114) for all the remaining cases except the excluded case. (S28), the selection means (116) selects the case with the largest primary energy reduction amount (S29), and the operation plan creation means (117) creates the selected case.

Here, the power load (6-9) connected (informatively ) to the control device (10) via the information network (CL1-CL4) can send commands or information as in a home automation device, for example. Includes household appliances or gas appliances of the type that receive and operate.

According to the present invention having the above-described configuration, the movable load (3) is not uniformly concentrated in the time zone before “bathing”, but is set so that the primary energy reduction amount is maximized. I can do it.
Therefore, even if the bathing start time is constant or the fluctuation of the bathing start time is large in the lifestyle of the user of the house where the cogeneration system is installed, the code according to the present invention is used. According to the generation system, it is possible to increase the primary energy reduction amount by moving the power load (the power load that can change the operation time zone).

And according to the present invention, the primary energy reduction amount is calculated for all possible cases in consideration of the type of power load that can change the operating time zone and the type of time of the change destination. It is possible to perform an operation that maximizes the amount of energy reduction.
As a result, it is possible to reliably meet the demand for energy saving.

Further, according to the present invention, the power load (3) in the time zone is moved to a time period when the power load whose operating time can be changed is reduced to less than the allowable minimum load (for example, 300 W). It can be prevented that the load falls below the allowable minimum load of 2).
In addition, by appropriately moving the power load, the cogeneration system (1) can be moved in a region where high efficiency operation is possible. Thereby, driving efficiency can be improved.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, the number of stops (m) of the cogeneration system (2) can be reduced to extend the life.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 1, a cogeneration system generally indicated by reference numeral 1 includes a fuel cell 2 that is a cogeneration device that generates heat and electricity, a hot water storage tank 5 that stores cooling water (hot water) of the fuel cell 2, and a fuel cell. 2 is provided with a control unit 10 which is a control means built in.

The control unit 10 is connected to a power load that consumes power in the home (house 100) via a signal transmission line (lines indicated by CL1 to CL4 in the example of FIG. 1). In FIG. 1, as an electric power load, lighting 6, a refrigerator 7, a washing machine (including a washing and drying machine) 8, and a dishwasher 9 placed on the kitchen KW (including one having a drying function) Are illustrated.
In FIG. 1, the code | symbol 4 has shown the hot water supply load which uses the hot water in the hot water storage tank 5, for example, a bath.

The fuel cell 2 and the power loads 6 to 9 are connected by a power supply line (not shown). The fuel cell 2 and the bath 4 are connected by a hot water supply line Lh.
The signal transmission lines CL1 to CL4 that communicate the power loads 6 to 9 and the control unit 10 may be communication lines of an information network (for example, the Internet or a local area network (LAN)).

  In addition to the lighting 6, the refrigerator 7, the washing machine 8, and the dishwasher 9, the household electric load includes, for example, an automatic rice cooker, an electric and electronic cooker, a clothes dryer, an ice maker, a charger, There are air conditioners, warm water toilet seats, room ventilation equipment, room dehumidification equipment, etc.

The household electric power loads 6 to 9 include those that cannot change the operation time (band) and those that can be changed.
Examples of the power load whose operating time (zone) can be changed include a washing machine 8, a clothes dryer, a dishwasher 9, an ice maker, a charger, a warm water toilet seat, a non-room ventilation device, and a dehumidification device. There are air conditioners during steady operation.
Here, “air conditioner during steady operation” is a state where a plurality of air conditioners are operating in the residence 100 and the room temperature is stable (steady state), and the air conditioner is turned on and off. It means the air conditioner in the case where the “room temperature is stable” is maintained. In this case, even if the ON / OFF timing of the air conditioner is slightly shifted, the state where the temperature of the room where the air conditioner is provided is stable (steady state) does not collapse, so the operating time (zone) can be changed. is there.

An overview of the illustrated embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
In FIG. 2, what is indicated by the solid line LP is the relationship between the power load and time, that is, the power load pattern (load pattern).
The load pattern can be obtained by a conventionally known method.

In the load pattern of FIG. 2, the above-described “load whose operating time (zone) can be changed” is indicated by reference numeral ML. For simplification of illustration, in FIG. 2, only one load ML whose operating time (band) can be changed is shown.
In the prior art described above with reference to FIG. 8, all of the loads ML whose operating time (zone) can be changed are moved to the time zone immediately before bathing.
On the other hand, in the illustrated embodiment, the load ML whose operating time (zone) can be changed is moved to any time zone indicated by “Case 1” to “Case 6”.

Here, the time zones indicated by “Case 1” to “Case 6” are all time zones in which the power load is extremely small. Although not clearly shown in FIG. 2, time periods indicated by “Case 1” to “Case 6” are time periods when the power load is below the allowable minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2.
By moving the power load during such a time zone, the time zone during which the power load is below the allowable minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2 is shortened, the operating efficiency of the fuel cell 2 is improved, and the fuel cell 2 is stopped. It is possible to extend the lifetime by reducing the number of times to be performed.

In FIG. 2, the wording “number of divisions” is shown, but the wording means the number of time zones (number of types of time zones) in which the load ML (operating time can be changed) can be moved. is doing. In other words, the division number is an interval of time for recalculating the operation plan.
In the example of FIG. 2, the “number of divisions” is “6”. (Case 1 to Case 6)
In FIG. 2, only one load ML is shown as a load whose operating time (zone) can be changed. As described above, as an electric load whose operating time (zone) can be changed, for example, , Washing machine 8, clothes dryer, dishwasher 9, ice machine, charger, hot water toilet seat, non-room ventilation equipment, dehumidification equipment, air conditioner during normal operation, etc. Each of these can be moved to any of the time zones divided into six in FIG.

In the example of FIG. 2, since one power load ML can be moved in any of the six divided time zones, the power load ML can be moved in six states (case 1 to case 6). ) Is considered.
Although shown in a simplified manner in FIG. 2, in actual processing, the number of cases after moving the power load is “number of divisions” (the time zone in which the load whose operating time can be changed can be moved). (Number or number of types) multiplied by the number of power loads whose operating time can be changed. That is,
Number of cases after moving power load = “Number of divisions” × “Number of power loads whose operation time can be changed”
The following formula is established.

Next, for each case after moving the power load (in FIG. 2, each of Case 1 to Case 6), a primary energy reduction amount by moving the power load is calculated.
Then, the case with the largest amount of primary energy reduction is selected, and thus the time zone of the destination of the power load or the operation start time of the moved power load is determined.

ただし、電力負荷を移動したことによる一次エネルギー削減量の計算は、上述したＮＥＦの定義式に限定されるものではない。その他の公知の式を、適宜選択して使用する事が可能である。 Here, when calculating the primary energy reduction amount due to the movement of the power load, existing calculation formulas may be adopted as appropriate.
For example, it is possible to adopt a definition formula (the following formula) certified by NEF (Fuel Cell Large Scale Demonstration Project).

However, the calculation of the primary energy reduction amount by moving the power load is not limited to the NEF definition formula described above. Other known formulas can be appropriately selected and used.

The processing or control in the illustrated embodiment whose outline has been described with reference to FIG. 2 is performed by a control unit 10 built in the fuel cell 2.
The configuration of the control unit 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 3 which is a functional block diagram.
In FIG. 3, the control unit 10 includes analysis means 11, case classification determination means 12, load classification means 13, primary energy reduction amount calculation means 14, determination means 15, and operation plan creation means 17. Yes.
The case division determination unit 12 includes a movement load determination block 12A, a movement time zone determination block 12B, and a load pattern creation block 12C.
The determination unit 15 includes a simulation unit 15A.

  Information relating to the power loads 6 to 9 is input to the analysis unit 11, the case classification determination unit 12, the load classification unit 13, and the primary energy reduction amount calculation unit 14 via the signal transmission lines CL <b> 1 to CL <b> 4.

The analysis unit 11 analyzes the load status of the individual power loads 6 to 9 in the residence 100 while referring to data stored in a storage unit (not shown). Specifically, the operation time or the operation time zone, the power consumption, the relationship with the consumption at other power loads, and the like are detected.
Such detection or analysis can be performed by connecting the control unit 10 and the power loads 6 to 9 to the control unit 10 through the signal transmission lines CL1 to CL4 to construct an information network.

  The load classification means 13 includes power loads that can move the power loads 6 to 9 in the residence 100 in a time zone in which power demand occurs (operating time zone) (power load that can change the operating time), and a time in which power demand occurs. It is determined that the load is an electric load that cannot move (operating time zone) (an electric load that cannot change the operating time).

Here, in the determination of the power load that can move in the time zone where the power demand occurs and the power load that cannot move, the “power load that can move in the time zone where the power demand occurs (power load whose operating time can be changed)” For example, it is desirable to preferentially select a device that consumes a large amount of electric energy (power consumption), such as an air conditioner, a refrigerator 7, and a dishwasher / dryer 9.
And if the power consumption of an apparatus is large, the effect by moving the operation time (band | zone) will be large, and it can be anticipated that the amount of primary energy reduction will be large.

When the illumination 6 is selected as “a power load that can move in a time zone in which power demand occurs”, it is considered that there are few effects obtained by moving the operating time (zone).
If it is assumed that the operating time (band) of the lighting is moved, there are a large number of lights in the residence 100. Therefore, as explained with reference to FIG. The amount of primary energy savings will have to be calculated extra.
On the other hand, since the power consumption of illumination is small, it is expected that the amount of primary energy reduction will not increase so much even if the operation time (band) of illumination is moved.

  On the other hand, devices that perform various types of “drying” such as drying in the dishwasher 9 and drying in the washing machine 8 consume large energy (high power load). Therefore, if the operating time (zone) is moved, the primary energy reduction amount is expected to increase.

The selection of the load that can be moved can be determined in advance when the cogeneration system 1 is installed. It is also possible to interview a user who lives in the house 100 where the cogeneration system 1 is to be installed, and to make a decision based on the information obtained through the interview.
In other words, there are various methods for selecting a movable power load (a power load whose operating time can be changed).

The case division determination means 12 is the load status of the individual power loads 6 to 9 in the residence 100 and the analysis result in the analysis means 11 (relationship between operating time or operating time zone, power consumption, consumption in other power loads, etc. ), For example, a load pattern as schematically shown by a solid line LP in FIG. 2 is determined.
As described above, the situation of creating a load pattern is well known, and can be easily created by existing means. In the illustrated embodiment, the load pattern is created in the load pattern creation block 12C of the case dividing unit 12.

At the same time, as described above with reference to FIG.
Number of cases after moving power load = “Number of divisions” × “Number of power loads whose operation time can be changed”
Cases are divided according to the following formula. Then, information on all cases divided into cases is sent to the primary energy reduction amount calculation means 14.

Here, “the number of power loads whose operating time can be changed” is determined by the moving load determination block 12A based on the load status sent from the analysis means 11 and the classification result sent from the load classification means 13. .
The “number of divisions” is determined by the movement time zone determination block 12B with reference to the load status sent from the analysis means 11.
The case classification determination unit 12 collects information for each case based on the load status sent from the analysis unit 11 and the classification result sent from the load classification unit 13 for all cases after moving the power load. Thus, it has a function of sending to the primary energy reduction amount calculation means 14.

The primary energy reduction amount calculation means 14 calculates the primary energy reduction amount for all cases after moving the power load obtained by the case division determination means 12. As described above with reference to FIG. 2, the calculation of the primary energy reduction amount is performed using, for example, a NEF definition formula or other known methods.
If the primary energy reduction amount calculation means 14 calculates the primary energy reduction amount for all cases after moving the power load, the calculation result is sent to the determination means 15.

  In the determination means 15, the case where the primary energy reduction amount is the maximum is adopted as the case of the power load movement, and in that case, the simulation is performed by the simulation means 15A. Then, based on the result of simulation by the simulation unit 15A, the determination unit 15 determines whether or not the case where the primary energy reduction amount is the maximum (whether the operation time zone of the power load is changed).

The determination unit 15 determines a new load pattern corresponding to the simulation result determined as “no problem”, and determines the operation plan of the fuel cell 2 to execute the new load pattern. A case where there is a problem in the result of the simulation by the determination means 15 will be described later with reference to FIG.
The operation plan is determined by the operation plan creation means 17 in the control unit 10. However, the operation plan creation means 17 can also be configured by an information processing mechanism provided separately.

According to the illustrated embodiment, all cases are determined by the case division determination means 12 for the power load that can move the operating time (zone) and its destination. Then, the primary energy reduction amount calculation means 14 calculates the primary energy reduction amount for all the obtained cases, and the determination means 15 selects the case where the primary energy reduction amount is maximum, and the primary energy reduction amount is the maximum. The movement of the power load is determined so that As a result, the load pattern is determined so as to minimize the consumption of primary energy, and the operation plan of the fuel cell 2 is determined to execute the new load pattern.
By operating the fuel cell 2 so as to minimize the consumption of primary energy, it is possible to meet the demand for energy saving, and the operating efficiency of the fuel cell 2 is greatly improved.

Hereinafter, an operation plan formulation procedure according to the first embodiment will be described with reference mainly to FIG.
In step S1 in FIG. 4, the current power loads 6 to 9 are analyzed by the analysis unit 11, and in step S2, a load pattern is created by the load pattern creation block 12C.

  In step S3, the load classification unit 13 classifies the load 3 whose operating time can be changed and the load 3 which cannot be changed. In the next step S4, a load capable of moving the operation time (zone) is selected from any of the time zones in which the power load is equal to or higher than the minimum operation load of the fuel cell 2.

In step S5, all cases in which the load is moved are determined from the selected movable load and the time zone in which the load can be moved.
Specifically, as mentioned above,
Number of cases after moving power load = “Number of divisions” × “Number of power loads whose operation time can be changed”
All cases are determined according to the following formula (case division is performed). Then, information on all the determined cases is sent to the primary energy reduction amount calculation means 14.

  Here, in the technique described with reference to FIG. 9, the load is moved only during the time zone before “bathrooming”, but in the illustrated embodiment, the time zone in which the load can be moved is possible. All cases are assumed, and the case with the largest primary energy reduction is selected. In that respect, the illustrated embodiment is significantly different from the technique of FIG.

The primary energy reduction amount calculation means 14 calculates the primary energy reduction amount for all cases determined in step S5 (step S6).
In the calculation, as described above, the primary energy reduction amount is obtained for each case by the NEF definition formula and other known / existing methods.
In step S <b> 6, information on each case and the primary energy reduction amount are sent to the determination unit 15.

In step S7, the determination means 15 selects the case with the largest primary energy reduction amount as the case after the movement of the (movable) load. In step S <b> 7, “n = 1” is set for the order n when the primary energy reduction amounts are arranged in order from the largest.
Then, the process proceeds to step S8.

In step S8, it is determined whether the power demand in the time zone before the change of the selected load (the load whose operating time is changed) is equal to or higher than the minimum operating load (for example, 300 W) of the fuel cell 2 even after the change.
This is because, even if the amount of primary energy reduction is large, the operation efficiency of the fuel cell deteriorates if a time period in which the power load is less than the minimum operating load occurs after the operating time is changed.
If the power demand after the change is less than the minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2 (step S8 is NO), the process proceeds to step S12. If the power demand after the change is greater than or equal to the minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2 (step S8 is YES) Proceed to step S9.

  In step S9, a simulation is created for the case where the fuel cell 2 is operated by the simulation means 15A included in the determination means 15 according to the operation pattern of the case determined as “YES” in step S8. Then, in the simulation, it is determined how many times m the power demand is equal to or less than the minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2 (step S10).

In the next step S <b> 11, the determination unit 15 determines whether or not the number m of times that the power demand becomes the minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2 is equal to or less than a specified value.
When the number of times m (the number of times that the power demand becomes the minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2) exceeds a specified value (NO in step S11), the number of times that the power demand becomes the minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2 is large. It determines with it becoming efficient driving | operation, and progresses to step S12.
If the number m is less than or equal to the specified value (YES in step S11), it is determined that the operation is not inefficient and the process proceeds to step S14.

Step S12 (NO in step S8 or NO in step S11) and step S13 are cases where it is determined that the operation is inefficient even if the primary energy reduction amount is large. In such a case, a case where the primary energy reduction amount is the next larger than the case selected in step S7 (the case where the primary energy reduction amount is the maximum) is selected, and that case is the condition of step S8 and steps S9 to S11. Determine whether the condition is met.
Therefore, in step S12, a calculation of “n = n + 1” is performed for the order n when the primary energy reduction amount is arranged in order from the largest, and in step S13, a case where the primary energy reduction amount is nth largest is selected. . Then, the process returns to step S8.

Hereinafter, the cases are selected one by one in descending order of the primary energy reduction amount until the condition of step S8 and the conditions of steps S9 to S11 are satisfied (step S8 or step S12 is a NO loop).
If a case satisfying the condition of step S8 and the conditions of steps S9 to S11 is selected, the process proceeds to step S14 (YES in step S11).

In step S14, according to the case satisfying the conditions of step S8 and the conditions of steps S9 to S11, the operation plan creation means 17 creates an operation pattern (operation plan) of the fuel cell 2 executed along the case.
And control is complete | finished.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4, an operation pattern that can increase the primary energy reduction amount as much as possible and cause the fuel cell 2 to perform inefficient operation is selected. The situation where it is done can be prevented beforehand.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As for the second embodiment, parts different from the first embodiment will be mainly described.
In FIG. 5, a control unit for carrying out the second embodiment is denoted as a whole by reference numeral 100.

The control unit 100 includes the analysis unit 111 , the case division determination unit 112, the load classification unit 113, the primary energy reduction amount calculation unit 114, and the operation plan creation unit 117 in the first embodiment. This is the same as the control unit 10 (see FIG. 3).
However, in the control unit 100 shown in FIG. 5, the case division determination means 112 includes a simulation block 112D and a determination block 112E in addition to the movement load determination block 112A, the movement time zone determination block 112B, and the load pattern creation block 112C. And an exclusion block 112F.
The calculation result of the primary energy reduction amount calculation means 114 is sent to the selection means 116. The operation plan creation means 117 is also connected to the selection means 116.

  The exclusion block 112F of the case division determination unit 112 changes the “power demand in the time zone before the change of the selected load (the load whose operating time is changed) from all cases divided by the case division determination unit 112. Later, it falls below the minimum operating load (for example, 300 W) of the fuel cell 2 ”(corresponding to the case where step S8 in FIG. 4 is NO) and“ the power demand is less than the minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2. The number of times m exceeds the prescribed value (corresponding to the case where step S12 in FIG. 4 is NO).

Then, a case where “the power demand in the time zone before the change of the selected load (the load whose operating time has been changed) falls below the minimum operating load (for example, 300 W) of the fuel cell 2 after the change” is specified. Therefore, a determination block 112E is provided.
Similarly, a simulation block 112D and a determination block 112E are provided in order to specify a case where “the number m of times when the power demand becomes equal to or less than the minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2 exceeds a specified value”.
The selection unit 116 is configured to have a function of selecting a case having the largest primary energy reduction amount based on the calculation result of the primary energy reduction amount calculation unit 114.

Next, the control of the second embodiment will be described with reference mainly to FIG.
6, steps S21 to S25 are the same as steps S1 to S5 in FIG.
In step S26 of FIG. 6, from all cases divided in case of step S25, “the power demand in the time zone before the change of the selected load (the load whose operating time has been changed) is changed. A case (corresponding to a case where step S8 in FIG. 4 is NO) is specified by the determination block 112E, and the case specified by the exclusion block 112F is excluded.

  Next, in step S27, the simulation block 112D and the determination block 112E indicate that the number of times m that the power demand is equal to or less than the minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2 exceeds a specified value (NO in step S12 in FIG. 4). And the identified case is excluded by the exclusion block 112F.

  Then, the primary energy reduction amount calculation means 114 calculates the primary energy reduction amount for all the remaining cases except for the cases identified and excluded in step S26 and step S27 from all cases obtained in step S25. (Step S28).

  The calculation result of the primary energy reduction amount calculation means 114 is sent to the selection means 116, and the case with the largest primary energy reduction amount is selected (step S29). Then, according to the case selected by the selection means 116, the operation plan creation means 117 creates an operation plan for the fuel cell 2 (step S30), and the control is completed.

  According to the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, “the power demand in the time zone before the change of the selected load (the load whose operating time has been changed) is the minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2 ( For example, a case where the power demand falls below 300 W) (corresponding to a case where step S8 in FIG. 4 is NO) and “the number m of times when the power demand falls below the minimum operating load of the fuel cell 2 exceeds the specified value The case (corresponding to the case where step S12 in FIG. 4 is NO) is excluded, and is excluded from the calculation target of the primary energy reduction amount calculation means 114. Therefore, there is a merit that the burden on the primary energy reduction amount calculation means 114 is lightened, and the burden on hardware and the cost are reduced.

  Other configurations and operational effects in the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are the same as those in the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS.

  It should be noted that the illustrated embodiment is merely an example, and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention.

The block diagram which shows the whole structure of 1st Embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing explaining the outline | summary of 1st Embodiment. The functional block diagram which shows the structure of the control means in 1st Embodiment. The flowchart which shows the control in 1st Embodiment. The functional block diagram which shows the structure of the control means in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The flowchart which shows the control in 2nd Embodiment. The characteristic view which shows the relationship between the output and efficiency of a cogeneration apparatus. The characteristic view which showed one example of transition of the electric power load in 24 hours. Explanatory drawing explaining the outline | summary of another technique.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cogeneration system 2 ... Cogeneration apparatus / fuel cell 4 ... Bath 5 ... Hot water storage tank (electric power load)
6 ... Lighting (electric power load)
7 ... Refrigerator (electric power load)
8 ... Washing machine (electric power load)
9 ... Dishwasher (electric power load)
10, 100: Control means / control unit 11, 111: Analysis means 12, 112: Case division determination means 12A, 112A: Travel load determination block 12B, 112B: Travel time zone determination block 12C, 112C ... load pattern creation block 13, 113 ... load classification means 14, 114 ... primary energy reduction amount calculation means 15 ... determination means 17, 117 ... operation plan creation means 112D ...・ Simulation block 112E ... determination block 112F ... exclusion block 116 ... selection means Lh ... hot water supply line 100 ... dwelling

Claims (2)

Cogeneration device (2) that generates and generates heat, power load (6-9 ) that consumes power, hot water supply load (4) that consumes heat, and heat generated by the cogeneration device (2) to the hot water tank (5), wherein comprises the cogeneration device controller controls the operation of (2) and (10), the power load (6-9) said control device (10) and the signal transmission line (CL1 In the cogeneration system connected to each other through the CL4), the control device (10) classifies the power load (6 to 9) into a power load that can change the operation time and a power load that cannot be changed. According to the load classification means (13), a case classification determining means for performing case divided in all cases capable of changing the operating time of the power load (12), the power load is changed Primary energy reduction amount calculating means for calculating the primary energy reduction (14), and determination means (15) to which the reduced-primary energy reductions selects case the maximum, is selected by the determination means (15) It was cogeneration system (2) operation plan creating means (17) for the operating schedule of the have a following case, the control unit (10) analyzes the current power load (6 to 9) (S1) A load pattern is created (S2), the load classifying means (13) classifies the operating time into those that can be changed and those that cannot be changed (S3), and the power load is the lowest of the cogeneration system (2) A power load whose operating time can be changed is selected from any of the times that are equal to or longer than the operating load (S4). All cases that move are determined, and information on all determined cases is sent to the primary energy reduction amount calculation means (14) (S5), and the primary energy reduction amount is calculated for all cases and the information is determined. The cogeneration system is characterized in that it is sent to the means (15) (S6), and the judging means (15) has a function of selecting the case with the largest primary energy reduction amount. Cogeneration device (2) that generates and generates heat, power load (6 to 9) that consumes power, hot water supply load (4) that consumes heat, and heat generated by the cogeneration device (2) Hot water storage tank (5) and a control device (100) for controlling the operation of the cogeneration device (2). The power load (6-9) is connected to the control device (100) and a signal transmission line (CL1). In the cogeneration system connected to each other through the CL4), the control device (100) classifies the power load (6 to 9) into a power load that can change the operation time and a power load that cannot be changed. The load classification means (113), the case classification determining means (112) for dividing the case into all cases where the operating time of the power load can be changed, and the power load are changed The primary energy reduction amount calculation means (114) for calculating the primary energy reduction amount by the above, the selection means (116) for selecting the case where the reduced primary energy reduction amount is the maximum, and the selection means (116) An operation plan creation means (117) for creating an operation plan of the cogeneration system (2) according to the selected case, and the control device (100) analyzes the current power load (6-9) ( S21) A load pattern is created (S22), and the load classification means (113) classifies the power loads (6 to 9) into those that can change the operation time and those that cannot be changed (S23). The power load whose operating time can be changed is selected from any of the times when the load is equal to or greater than the minimum operating load of the cogeneration apparatus (2) (S24), and the selected change is possible All cases in which the power load is changed are determined from the power load and the time at which the power load can be changed (S25), and the operation time selected from all the cases is changed to change the time before the power load is changed. The case where the power demand falls below the minimum operating load of the cogeneration apparatus (2) after the change is specified by the determination block (112E) of the case division determination means (112), and the exclusion block of the case division determination means (112) ( 12F) excludes the specified case (S26), and the electric power demand is less than the minimum operating load of the cogeneration system (2) by the simulation block (112D) and the determination block (112E) of the case division determination means (112). The case where the number of times (m) exceeds the specified value is identified, and the identified case is excluded ( 112F) to eliminate (S27), and primary energy reduction amount calculation means (114) calculates the primary energy reduction amount for all remaining cases except the excluded case (S28), and selection means (116). The cogeneration system has a function of selecting the case with the largest primary energy reduction amount (S29) and creating the selected case with the operation plan creation means (117).

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