JP4907773B2 - Fluorine ion exchange membrane manufacturing method - Google Patents
Fluorine ion exchange membrane manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4907773B2 JP4907773B2 JP2001030429A JP2001030429A JP4907773B2 JP 4907773 B2 JP4907773 B2 JP 4907773B2 JP 2001030429 A JP2001030429 A JP 2001030429A JP 2001030429 A JP2001030429 A JP 2001030429A JP 4907773 B2 JP4907773 B2 JP 4907773B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、固体高分子型燃料電池の電解質かつ隔膜として使用されるフッ素系イオン交換膜に関するものであり、特に電解質かつ隔膜として性能が優れたフッ素系イオン交換膜の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
燃料電池は、水素やメタノール等の燃料を電気化学的に酸化する事によって電気エネルギーを取り出す一種の発電装置であり、近年クリーンなエネルギー供給源として注目されている。燃料電池は用いる電解質の種類によって、リン酸型、溶融炭酸塩型、固体酸化物型、固体高分子電解質型等に分類されるが、このうち固体高分子電解質型燃料電池は標準的な作動温度が100℃以下と低く、かつエネルギー密度が高い事から電気自動車などの電源として幅広い応用が期待されている。
【0003】
固体高分子電解質型燃料電池の基本構成はイオン交換膜とその両面に接合された一対のガス拡散電極から成っており、一方の電極に水素、他方に酸素を供給し、両電極間を外部負荷回路へ接続する事によって発電せしめるものである。より具体的には水素側電極でプロトンと電子が生成され、プロトンはイオン交換膜の内部を移動して酸素側電極に達したあと酸素と反応して水を生成する。一方、水素側電極から導線を伝って流れ出した電子は外部負荷回路において電気エネルギーが取り出されたあとさらに導線を伝って酸素側電極に達し、前記水生成反応の進行に寄与する事になる。イオン交換膜の要求特性としては第一に高いイオン伝導性が上げられるが、プロトンがイオン交換膜の内部を移動する際は水分子が水和する事によって安定化すると考えられるため、イオン伝導性と共に高い含水性と水分散性も重要な要求特性となっている。また、イオン交換膜は水素と酸素の直接反応を防止するバリアとしての機能を担うため、ガスに対する低透過性が要求される。その他の要求特性としては、燃料電池運転中の強い酸化雰囲気に耐えるための化学的安定性や、さらなる薄膜化に耐えうる機械強度を上げる事が出来る。
【0004】
固体高分子電解質型燃料電池に使用されるイオン交換膜の材質としては、高い化学的安定性を有する事からフッ素系イオン交換樹脂が広く用いられており、中でも主鎖がパーフルオロカーボンで側鎖末端にスルホン酸基を有するデュポン社製の「ナフィオン(登録商標)」が広く用いられている。こうしたフッ素系イオン交換樹脂は固体高分子電解質材料として概ねバランスのとれた特性を有するが、当該電池の実用化が進むにつれてさらなる物性の改善が要求されるようになってきた。
【0005】
例えばフッ素系イオン交換膜はフッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体を溶融成形したあと、加水分解する事によって製造される。このとき、フッ素系イオン交換樹脂は一般的に疎水性を持っているのに対し、加水分解によって得られるフッ素系イオン交換樹脂は強い親水性を示すため、加水分解の進行に伴って多量の水を吸収するようになり、その結果、当該前駆体膜の平面方向への膨潤が発生する。このような膨潤が発生すると特に連続生産を行う際に皺等の不都合が発生しやすくなるため、フッ素系イオン交換膜の生産性を大きく阻害する原因となっていた。
具体的には、例えば、フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体膜をロール、ベルト等を用いて加水分解浴中に連続的に導入すると、部分的な加水分解によって親水性に変換された膜が吸水を始める事によって横方向(機械方向と直角)に膨潤し、ロール、ベルト等との接触抵抗によって形成された皺を残した状態で加水分解が完了する事がある。このような皺は小さな曲率半径を保持した状態で化学的に固定されるため、後工程において取り除く事は極めて難しい。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
加水分解に伴う平面方向への膨潤を防止する事によって、生産性に優れたフッ素系イオン交換膜の製造方法を提供する事を目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、加水分解に伴う平面方向の膨張に関して鋭意研究を重ねた結果、フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体に対してあらかじめ特定の延伸配向を付与し、この延伸配向が開放されるような条件で加水分解を行う事により、平面方向の膨潤を効果的に防止できる事を見出し本発明を完成させるに至った。
すなわち本発明は、以下のとおりである。
1.フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体を膜状に成形した後、あらかじめ特定の延伸配向を付与し、加水分解して作成するフッ素系イオン交換膜の製造方法において、当該前駆体膜の加水分解温度における熱収縮率Aが次式の範囲内にある事を特徴とする、フッ素系イオン交換膜の製造方法。
B−10≦A≦B+10
B=((1+W×D/100)1/3 −1)×100
(式中のAは当該前駆体膜の加水分解温度における熱収縮率(%)、Bは当該前駆体の加水分解に伴う平均膨潤率(%)、Wは当該前駆体の加水分解に伴う吸水率(重量%)、Dは当該前駆体の密度(g/cm3 )を表す)
2.フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体をTダイより溶融押出する事によってシート状に成形したあと、当該シート状前駆体膜を少なくともTD方向に延伸する事を特徴とする、上記1に記載のフッ素系イオン交換膜の製造方法。
3.フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体を環状ダイより溶融押出する事によってチューブ状に成形したあと、環状ダイと第一ニップロールの間で当該チューブ状前駆体膜の内部に気体を圧入して環状ダイの直径よりも大きな第一のバブルを形成する事を特徴とする、上記1に記載のフッ素系イオン交換膜の製造方法。
4.前記第一のバブルを冷却し再加熱したあと第二と第三のニップロールの間で当該フィルムの内部に気体を圧入して前記第一のバブルよりも大きな第二のバブルを形成させる事を特徴とする、上記3に記載のフッ素系イオン交換膜の製造方法。
5.上記1〜4のいずれかに記載の製造方法で作られたフッ素系イオン交換膜。
6.上記5に記載のフッ素系イオン交換膜を備える事を特徴とする、膜電極複合体。
7.上記5に記載のフッ素系イオン交換膜を備える事を特徴とする、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池。
【0008】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明においては、延伸配向の緩和に伴って生じる収縮応力によって加水分解の進行に伴って生じる膨張応力を相殺させる事を特徴とする。このため、延伸配向が加水分解時において効率よく開放される必要がある。延伸配向は、一般的に主鎖が熱運動を開始する温度、すなわち粘弾性測定におけるα分散温度において効率よく開放する事が知られている。フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体の場合、α分散温度は一般的に室温から100℃の間に存在すると考えられているが、一方、フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体の好適な加水分解温度も室温から100℃の間にある事が知られており、多くの場合、加水分解時において良好に延伸配向を開放させる事が出来る。加水分解は化学反応の一種であるため温度が高いほど短時間で反応させる事ができる。延伸配向の緩和も温度が高いほど早くなると考えられるが、化学反応の速度上昇に較べて必ずしも同じ傾向を示すとは限らない。
【0009】
膨張応力と相殺させるために付与されるべき延伸配向は通常は小さなものであり、フッ素系イオン交換膜の各種物性を阻害するような延伸配向ではない。このため、フッ素系イオン交換膜の含水率やイオン伝導度等は延伸配向を付与しない通常のフッ素系イオン交換膜と同等であるが、前駆体の加水分解に際しては、平面方向への膨潤が規制された状況で所定の吸水率を実現するため、膜厚方向への膨潤を大きくする事によって全体のマスバランスを維持する事になる。このような性質は本発明の目的から派生して生じたものであるが、通常のフッ素系イオン交換膜よりも膜厚方向への膨潤を大きくとれる事から、電極との密着性改善等の効果が期待される。
【0010】
フィルムの連続生産を行うとき、平面方向という用語はそれぞれ機械方向を意味するMD方向と横方向を意味するTD方向に分けて考える事が出来る。このうちMD方向への膨潤は、たとえば2組のニップロールの間で若干の速度差を設ける事によって比較的容易に吸収する事が出来るが、TD方向への膨潤は容易に吸収する事が出来ないため、皺等の発生防止に際してより支障になる可能性が高い。前駆体膜に対してTD方向への延伸配向を付与するには、成膜方法に応じて好適な手段を選択する事が出来る。例えばTダイ法による溶融成膜やキャスト法による湿式成膜を行う場合は、例えば横1軸テンターや同時2軸テンターを使用する事によって延伸配向を付与する事が出来る。
【0011】
一方、インフレーション法による溶融成膜を行う場合は、Tダイ法よりも容易に延伸配向を付与する事が出来る。すなわち、フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体を環状ダイより押出してチューブ状に成形したあと、環状ダイと第一ニップロールの間で当該チューブ状前駆体膜の内部に気体を圧入して環状ダイの直径よりも大きなバブルを形成する事により、TD方向への延伸を行う事が出来る。本発明においてはこのような方法をダイレクトインフレと呼称する。しかしながら、ダイレクトインフレによって環状ダイから溶融押出されたフィルムは一般的に温度が高くて流動性に富んでおり、仮に高倍率の延伸を行っても十分な延伸配向を付与できない場合がある。このような場合は、例えば一般的にブロー延伸と呼称される延伸方法を使用する事が出来る。すなわち、ダイレクトインフレによって形成したバブルをあまり膨張させずに冷却し、パリソンと呼称される厚手の筒状フィルムを形成する。このパリソンを当該前駆体の延伸配向に最適な温度に加熱する。次いで、第二と第三のニップロールの間に高圧の気体を圧入して環状ダイの直径もしくは第一のバブルよりも大きな第二のバブルを形成させる事により、高い延伸倍率と延伸配向を達成しようとするものである。
【0012】
ダイレクトインフレによって成膜する際の溶融押出時の樹脂温は特に限定されないが、室温〜300℃が好ましく、180〜240℃がさらに好ましい。延伸倍率は特に限定されないが、面積倍率として1.1〜100倍が好ましく、1.5〜50倍がより好ましく、2〜20倍がさらに好ましい。このうちTD方向の延伸倍率として1.1〜20倍が好ましく、1.5〜10倍がより好ましい。ブロー延伸によって成膜する際の溶融押出時の樹脂温は特に限定されないが、室温〜300℃が好ましく、180〜240℃がさらに好ましい。第二のバブルにおける樹脂温は特に限定されないが、−80〜120℃が好ましく、0〜100℃がより好ましい。延伸倍率は特に限定されないが、面積倍率として1.1〜100倍が好ましく、1.5〜50倍がより好ましく、2〜20倍がさらに好ましい。このうちTD方向の延伸倍率として1.1〜100倍が好ましく、1.5〜50倍がより好ましく、2〜20倍がさらに好ましい。
【0013】
本発明は、フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体膜の熱収縮率を特定の範囲内に限定する事を特徴とするが、前記したような延伸方法を使用すれば延伸温度・延伸倍率・延伸速度等の製造条件を調整する事によって熱収縮率を制御する事が出来る。このような製造条件の調整は当業者にとって周知であり、容易に実施可能である。前記熱収縮率の範囲は、B−10≦A≦B+10であり、B−5≦A≦B+5がより好ましい。ここで、Aは当該前駆体膜の加水分解温度における熱収縮率(%)、Bは当該前駆体の加水分解に伴う平均膨潤率(%)である。
【0014】
(加水分解)
加水分解の方法としては、例えば日本特許第2753731号公報のように水酸化アルカリ溶液を用いて配向膜のイオン交換基前駆体を金属塩型のイオン交換基に変換し、次にスルホン酸または塩酸のような酸を用いて酸型(SO3 HもしくはCOOH)のイオン交換基に変換する従来公知の方法を使用する事が出来る。このような変換は当業者には周知であり、本発明の実施例に記載している。
【0015】
(原料ポリマー)
イオン交換膜は、溶融成形性(熱可塑性)を有するフッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体をシート状に成形したあと、加水分解処理でイオン交換基を生成せしめる事によって作成する事が出来る。本発明におけるフッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体は、
CF2 =CF−O−(CF2 CFLO)n −(CF2 )m −W
で表されるフッ化ビニル化合物と、一般式
CF2 =CFZ
で表されるフッ化オレフィンとの、少なくとも二元共重合体からなる。ここでLはF原子または炭素数1〜3のパーフルオロアルキル基、nは0〜3の整数、mは1〜3の整数、ZはH、Cl、Fあるいは炭素数1〜3のパーフルオロアルキル基、さらにWは加水分解によりCO2 HあるいはSO3 Hに転換しうる官能基であり、このような官能基としてはSO2 F、SO2 Cl、SO2 Br、COF、COCl、COBr、CO2 CH3 、CO2 C2 H5 が通常好ましく使用される。このようなフッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体は従来公知の手段により合成可能なものである。例えば、上記フッ化ビニル化合物をフロン等の溶媒に溶かしたあと、フッ化オレフィンのガスと反応させ重合する方法(溶液重合)、フロン等の溶媒を使用せずフッ化ビニル化合物そのものを溶媒として重合する方法(塊状重合)、フッ化ビニル化合物を界面活性剤とともに水中に仕込んで乳化させたあと、フッ化オレフィンのガスと反応させ重合する方法(乳化重合)、さらには懸濁重合などが知られているが、本発明においては塊状重合または含フッ素炭化水素を重合溶剤とする溶液重合によって作成する事を特徴とする。
【0016】
(当量重量)
本発明のフッ素系イオン交換膜の当量重量(EW)は特に限定されないが、400〜1400が好ましく、より好ましくは600〜1200であり、さらに好ましくは700〜1000である。当量重量が大きくなるとイオン伝導性が低下する。また、当量重量が低すぎると強度の低下が起きるため好ましくない。
【0017】
(メルトインデックス)
本発明のフッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体のメルトインデックス(MI)は特に限定されないが、0.1〜100が好ましく、より好ましくは1〜30であり、さらに好ましくは5〜20である。メルトインデックスが小さすぎると溶融成形が困難であり好ましくない。また、メルトインデックスが大きすぎると成膜性や強度の低下が発生すると共に十分な延伸配向を与える事が難しくなるため好ましくない。
【0018】
(膜厚)
本発明のフッ素系イオン交換膜の膜厚は、1〜500μm、好ましくは5〜100μm、より好ましくは10〜50μmが適当である。膜厚が1μmより小さい場合は水素や酸素の拡散により前記したような不都合が発生しやすいとともに、燃料電池製造時の取り扱いや燃料電池運転中の差圧・歪み等によって膜の損傷等の不都合が発生しやすい。また、500μmより大きい膜厚を有する膜は一般にイオン透過性が低いため、イオン交換膜として十分な性能を持たない可能性がある。
【0019】
(含水率)
本発明のフッ素系イオン交換膜の含水率は5重量%以上が好ましく、より好ましくは10重量%以上、さらに好ましくは15重量%以上、さらにより好ましくは20重量%以上である。イオン交換膜の含水率が低すぎると酸素および水素の圧力が低い場合や酸素源として空気を用いた場合などに出力が低下する。また、運転条件のわずかな変化でイオン伝導性やガス透過係数が変わるため好ましくない。このような含水率とする事により、高電流密度、低圧力、無加湿、酸素源として空気を用いる等の場合においても出力電圧の低下が少なく、高出力を維持できる。この理由は、十分な含水率を有するためにイオン交換膜内の水分の移動がしやすくなり、水分の不足が生じ難いためと推定される。しかし含水率が250%以上に達すると、膜の強度が弱くなるり、酸素ガスや水素ガスの透過係数が急激に増大する一方で、イオン伝導性はあまり高くならない傾向が生じ得る。従って含水率の上限は特に定めないが、好ましくは250%、より好ましくは200%である。
【0020】
(膜電極接合体の製造方法)
次に、膜電極接合体(MEA)の製造方法について説明する。MEAはフッ素系イオン交換膜に電極を接合する事により作成される。
電極は触媒金属の微粒子とこれを担持した導電剤より構成され、必要に応じて撥水剤が含まれる。電極に使用される触媒としては水素の酸化反応および酸素による還元反応を促進する金属であれば特に限定されず、白金、金、銀、パラジウム、イリジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、クロム、タングステン、マンガン、バナジウムあるいはそれらの合金が挙げられる。この中では主として白金が用いられる。導電剤としては電子電導性物質であればいずれでも良く、例えば各種金属や炭素材料を挙げる事が出来る。炭素材料としては、例えばファーネスブラック、チャンネルブラック、アセチレンブラック等のカーボンブラック、活性炭、黒鉛等が挙げられ、これらを単独あるいは混合して使用される。撥水剤としては撥水性を有するような含フッ素樹脂が好ましく、耐熱性、耐酸化性に優れたものがより好ましい。例えばポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレン−パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体、テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体を挙げる事が出来る。このような電極としては、例えばE−TEK社製の電極が広く用いられている。
【0021】
前記電極とイオン交換膜よりMEAを作成するには、例えば次のような方法が行われる。フッ素系イオン交換樹脂をアルコールと水の混合溶液に溶解したものに電極物質となる白金担持カーボンを分散させてペースト状にする。これをPTFEシートに一定量塗布して乾燥させる。次に当該PTFEシートの塗布面を向かい合わせにしてその間にイオン交換膜を挟み込み、熱プレスにより接合する。熱プレス温度はイオン交換膜の種類によるが、通常は100℃以上であり、好ましくは130℃以上、より好ましくは150℃以上である。
【0022】
前記以外のMEAの製作方法としては、「J.Electrochem.Soc.Vol139、No2.L28−L30(1992)」に記載の方法がある。これはフッ素系イオン交換樹脂をアルコールと水の混合溶液に溶解した後、SO3 Naに変換した溶液を作成する。次にこの溶液に一定量の白金担持カーボンを添加してインク状の溶液とする。別途SO3 Na型に変換しておいたイオン交換膜の表面に前記インク状の溶液を塗布し、溶媒を除去する。最後に全てのイオン交換基をSO3 H型に戻す事によりMEAを作成するものである。本発明はこのようなMEAにおいても適用する事が出来る。
【0023】
(燃料電池の製造方法)
次に、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池の製造方法について説明する。固体高分子電解質型燃料電池は、MEA、集電体、燃料電池フレーム、ガス供給装置等より構成される。このうち集電体(バイポーラプレート)は、表面などにガス流路を有するグラファイト製あるいは金属製のフランジの事であり、電子を外部負荷回路へ伝達する他に水素や酸素をMEA表面に供給する流路としての機能を持っている。こうした集電体の間にMEAを挿入して複数積み重ねる事により、燃料電池を作成する事が出来る。
【0024】
燃料電池の運転は、一方の電極に水素を、他方の電極に酸素あるいは空気を供給する事によって行われる。燃料電池の作動温度は高温であるほど触媒活性が上がるために好ましいが通常は水分管理が容易な50℃〜100℃で運転させる事が多い。一方、本発明のような補強されたイオン交換膜については高温高湿強度の改善によって100℃〜150℃で作動できる場合がある。酸素や水素の供給圧力については高いほど燃料電池出力が高まるため好ましいが、膜の破損等によって両者が接触する確率も増加するため適当な圧力範囲に調整する事が好ましい。
【0025】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下の実施例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。実施例において示される特性の試験方法は次の通りである。
(1)膜厚
酸型のイオン交換膜を23℃・65%の恒温室で12時間以上放置したあと、膜厚計(東洋精機製作所:B−1)を用いて測定する。
(2)当量重量
酸型のイオン交換膜およそ2〜10cm2 を50mlの25℃飽和NaCl水溶液に浸漬し、攪拌しながら10分間放置したのちフェノールフタレインを指示薬として0.01N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて中和滴定する。中和後得られたNa型イオン交換膜を純水ですすいだ後、真空乾燥して秤量する。中和に要した水酸化ナトリウムの当量をM(mmol)、Na型イオン交換膜の重量をW(mg)とし、下記式より当量重量EW(g/eq)を求める。
EW=(W/M)−22
【0026】
(3)メルトインデックス
JIS K−7210に基づき、温度270℃、荷重2.16kgで測定したフッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体のメルトインデックスをMI(g/10分)とした。
(4)前駆体膜の加水分解に伴う吸水率
フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体膜の加水分解前の重量を23℃・65%で測定する。その後、当該前駆体膜を95℃に加温した加水分解浴(DMSO:KOH:水=5:30:65)に1時間浸漬する。これをよく水洗したあと取り出して膜表面の水分をふき取り加水分解後の重量を測定する。これらより、下記式を用いて吸水率W(%)を求める。以上の測定において、前駆体は無配向に近いものが好ましいが、本発明によるところの配向された前駆体膜を測定に供してもかまわない。
W=(Wa −Wb )/Wb ×100
Wa :加水分解後の重量(g)
Wb :加水分解前の重量(g)
【0027】
(5)前駆体の加水分解に伴う平均膨潤率
前記吸水率Wとフッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体の密度Dより、下記式を用いて平均膨潤率B(%)を求める。本発明の実施例において密度Dは2.0を使用した。以上の測定において、前駆体は無配向に近いものが好ましいが、本発明によるところの配向された駆体膜を測定に供してもかまわない。
B=((1+W×D/100)1/3 −1)×100
(6)前駆体膜の加水分解温度における熱収縮率
フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体膜の加熱前の膜面積を23℃・65%で測定する。その後、95℃に加熱したオーブンの中で15分間放置したあとオーブンから取り出し、加熱後の膜面積を23℃・65%で測定する。これらより、下記式を用いて熱収縮率A(%)を求める。
A=((A1 −A2 )/A2 )0.5 ×100
A1 :加熱前の膜面積(cm2 )
A2 :加熱後の膜面積(cm2 )
【0028】
(7)前駆体膜の加水分解に伴う寸法変化
フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体膜の加水分解前の膜面積を23℃・65%で測定する。その後、当該前駆体膜を95℃に加温した加水分解浴(DMSO:KOH:水=5:30:65)に1時間浸漬する。これをよく水洗した後、水中において加水分解後の膜面積を測定する。これらより、下記式を用いて実際の加水分解に伴う寸法変化C(%)を求める。
C=((A1 −A2 )/A2 )0.5 ×100
A1 :加水分解後の膜面積(cm2 )
A2 :加水分解前の膜面積(cm2 )
【0029】
【実施例1】
上記(原料ポリマー)で述べた一般式のフッ化ビニル化合物とフッ化オレフィンとの共重合体(但し、LはCF3 であり、nは1であり、mは2であり、ZはFであり、さらにWはSO2 Fである。)からなるフッ素系イオン交換樹脂(EW:950、MI:20)を270℃でプレス成形して厚さ50μmの無配向前駆体膜を作成した。95℃に加温した加水分解浴に1時間浸漬し金属塩型のイオン交換基を有するフッ素系イオン交換膜を得た。この際に、前駆体の加水分解に伴う吸水率Wを求めたところ、30重量%であった。これより密度2を仮定して前駆体の加水分解に伴う平均膨張率Bを求めところ、17%であった。これより、前駆体膜の加水分解温度における熱収縮率Aの目標値を求めたところ、7〜27%であった。
【0030】
次に、当該フッ素系イオン交換樹脂を環状ダイ法を用いて成膜し、厚さ50μmの前駆体膜とした。環状ダイの直径は100mm、スリット幅は1000μm、樹脂温は209℃、縦延伸倍率は10倍であった。横延伸倍率を変えながら成膜を行ったところ、横延伸倍率2において、加水分解温度における熱収縮率Aが12%の前駆体膜を得た。当該前駆体膜を95℃に加温した加水分解浴に1時間浸漬し金属塩型のイオン交換基を有するフッ素系イオン交換膜を得た。この際の、加水分解に伴う寸法変化Cは5%であった。表1に結果を示す。
【0031】
【比較例1】
実施例1と同じフッ素系イオン交換樹脂(EW:950、MI:20)をTダイ法を用いて成膜し、厚さ50μmの前駆体膜とした。Tダイの幅は400mm、スリット幅は600μm、樹脂温は250℃であった。なお、当該前駆体に対する熱収縮率Aの目標値も実施例1と同じく、7〜27%である。
一方、当該前駆体膜には横方向の延伸を行っていないため、加水分解温度における熱収縮率Aは略0%であった。当該前駆体膜を95℃に加温した加水分解浴に1時間浸漬し金属塩型のイオン交換基を有するフッ素系イオン交換膜を得た。この際の、加水分解に伴う寸法変化Cは15%であった。表1に結果を示す。
【0032】
【表1】
【0033】
【発明の効果】
本発明のフッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体膜は加水分解に伴う寸法変化が小さいため、特にフッ素系イオン交換膜の連続生産時における歩留まり向上に対して効果が著しい。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fluorine-based ion exchange membrane used as an electrolyte and a diaphragm for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and more particularly to a method for producing a fluorine-based ion exchange membrane having excellent performance as an electrolyte and a diaphragm.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART A fuel cell is a kind of power generator that extracts electrical energy by electrochemically oxidizing a fuel such as hydrogen or methanol, and has recently attracted attention as a clean energy supply source. Fuel cells are categorized into phosphoric acid type, molten carbonate type, solid oxide type, solid polymer electrolyte type, etc., depending on the type of electrolyte used. Among these, solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cells have standard operating temperatures. Is expected to have a wide range of applications as a power source for electric vehicles, etc.
[0003]
The basic structure of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell consists of an ion exchange membrane and a pair of gas diffusion electrodes joined to both sides. Hydrogen is supplied to one electrode and oxygen is supplied to the other. Power is generated by connecting to the circuit. More specifically, protons and electrons are generated at the hydrogen side electrode, and the protons move through the ion exchange membrane and reach the oxygen side electrode, and then react with oxygen to generate water. On the other hand, the electrons that have flowed out from the hydrogen side electrode through the lead wire are further transferred through the lead wire after reaching the oxygen side electrode after electric energy is taken out in the external load circuit, and contribute to the progress of the water generation reaction. The first requirement for ion exchange membranes is high ion conductivity, but when protons move inside the ion exchange membrane, water molecules are considered to be stabilized by hydration. At the same time, high water content and water dispersibility are important requirements. In addition, since the ion exchange membrane functions as a barrier that prevents direct reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, low permeability to gas is required. Other required characteristics include chemical stability to withstand a strong oxidizing atmosphere during fuel cell operation and mechanical strength to withstand further thinning.
[0004]
Fluorine ion exchange resins are widely used as the material for ion exchange membranes used in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells because of their high chemical stability. “Nafion (registered trademark)” manufactured by DuPont having a sulfonic acid group in the base is widely used. Although such a fluorine-based ion exchange resin has generally balanced characteristics as a solid polymer electrolyte material, further improvements in physical properties have been required as the battery is put into practical use.
[0005]
For example, a fluorinated ion exchange membrane is produced by melting and then hydrolyzing a fluorinated ion exchange resin precursor. At this time, the fluorinated ion exchange resin generally has hydrophobicity, whereas the fluorinated ion exchange resin obtained by hydrolysis exhibits strong hydrophilicity. As a result, the precursor film swells in the plane direction. When such swelling occurs, inconveniences such as wrinkles are likely to occur particularly during continuous production, and this has been a cause of greatly hindering the productivity of fluorine-based ion exchange membranes.
Specifically, for example, when a fluorine-based ion exchange resin precursor membrane is continuously introduced into a hydrolysis bath using a roll, a belt, etc., the membrane converted to hydrophilicity by partial hydrolysis absorbs water. By starting, it swells in the lateral direction (perpendicular to the machine direction), and the hydrolysis may be completed in a state where wrinkles formed by contact resistance with rolls, belts, etc. remain. Since such wrinkles are chemically fixed while maintaining a small radius of curvature, it is extremely difficult to remove them in a subsequent process.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It aims at providing the manufacturing method of the fluorine-type ion exchange membrane excellent in productivity by preventing the swelling to the plane direction accompanying hydrolysis.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on the expansion in the planar direction accompanying hydrolysis, the present inventors have given a specific stretch orientation to the fluorine-based ion exchange resin precursor in advance, and this stretch orientation is released. It has been found that by performing hydrolysis under conditions, swelling in the planar direction can be effectively prevented, and the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention is as follows.
1. In a method for producing a fluorinated ion exchange membrane, which is prepared by forming a fluorinated ion exchange resin precursor into a film and then preliminarily giving a specific stretching orientation and hydrolyzing it, heat at the hydrolysis temperature of the precursor film shrinkage a is characterized in that in the range of the following expression, production how the fluorinated ion exchange membrane.
B-10 ≦ A ≦ B + 10
B = ((1 + W × D / 100) 1/3 −1) × 100
(In the formula, A is the heat shrinkage rate (%) at the hydrolysis temperature of the precursor film, B is the average swelling rate (%) associated with the hydrolysis of the precursor, and W is the water absorption due to the hydrolysis of the precursor film. Rate (% by weight), D represents the density of the precursor (g / cm 3 )
2. 2. The fluorine ion according to 1 above, wherein the fluorine ion exchange resin precursor is formed into a sheet by melt extrusion from a T die and then the sheet precursor film is stretched at least in the TD direction. An exchange membrane manufacturing method.
3. After the fluorine-based ion exchange resin precursor is melt-extruded from the annular die into a tube shape, a gas is pressed into the tubular precursor film between the annular die and the first nip roll so that the diameter of the annular die is increased. The method for producing a fluorinated ion exchange membrane as described in 1 above, wherein a larger first bubble is formed.
4). The first bubble is cooled and reheated, and then a gas is injected into the film between the second and third nip rolls to form a second bubble larger than the first bubble. The method for producing a fluorine-based ion exchange membrane according to 3 above.
5. The fluorine-type ion exchange membrane made with the manufacturing method in any one of said 1-4.
6). 6. A membrane electrode composite comprising the fluorine-based ion exchange membrane according to 5 above.
7). A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising the fluorine-based ion exchange membrane as described in 5 above.
[0008]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The present invention is characterized in that the expansion stress generated with the progress of hydrolysis is offset by the contraction stress generated along with the relaxation of the stretch orientation. For this reason, the stretched orientation needs to be released efficiently during hydrolysis. It is known that the stretching orientation is generally released efficiently at the temperature at which the main chain starts thermal motion, that is, the α dispersion temperature in viscoelasticity measurement. In the case of a fluorinated ion exchange resin precursor, the α dispersion temperature is generally considered to exist between room temperature and 100 ° C, while the preferred hydrolysis temperature of the fluorinated ion exchange resin precursor is also from room temperature. It is known that the temperature is between 100 ° C., and in many cases, the stretching orientation can be satisfactorily released during hydrolysis. Since hydrolysis is a kind of chemical reaction, the higher the temperature, the shorter the reaction time. Although it is considered that relaxation of the stretched orientation becomes faster as the temperature is higher, it does not always show the same tendency as compared with the increase in the rate of chemical reaction.
[0009]
The stretch orientation to be imparted in order to offset the expansion stress is usually small, and is not a stretch orientation that inhibits various physical properties of the fluorine-based ion exchange membrane. For this reason, the moisture content and ionic conductivity of the fluorine-based ion exchange membrane are the same as those of a normal fluorine-based ion exchange membrane that does not give stretch orientation. However, when the precursor is hydrolyzed, swelling in the plane direction is restricted. In order to achieve a predetermined water absorption rate in a given situation, the overall mass balance is maintained by increasing the swelling in the film thickness direction. Such properties are derived from the purpose of the present invention. However, since the swelling in the film thickness direction can be larger than that of a normal fluorine-based ion exchange membrane, the effect of improving the adhesion with the electrode, etc. There is expected.
[0010]
When continuous production of films is performed, the term plane direction can be divided into an MD direction meaning a machine direction and a TD direction meaning a lateral direction. Of these, swelling in the MD direction can be absorbed relatively easily, for example, by providing a slight speed difference between the two sets of nip rolls, but swelling in the TD direction cannot be easily absorbed. Therefore, there is a high possibility that it will become a hindrance in preventing the occurrence of wrinkles. In order to provide the precursor film with a stretching orientation in the TD direction, a suitable means can be selected according to the film forming method. For example, when performing melt film formation by the T-die method or wet film formation by a cast method, a stretch orientation can be imparted by using, for example, a horizontal uniaxial tenter or a simultaneous biaxial tenter.
[0011]
On the other hand, when performing melt film formation by the inflation method, it is possible to impart stretch orientation more easily than by the T-die method. That is, after extruding a fluorine-based ion exchange resin precursor from an annular die and forming it into a tube shape, a gas is pressed into the tubular precursor film between the annular die and the first nip roll to obtain a diameter of the annular die. Can be stretched in the TD direction by forming a large bubble. In the present invention, such a method is referred to as direct inflation. However, a film melt-extruded from an annular die by direct inflation is generally high in temperature and rich in fluidity, and there may be a case where sufficient stretching orientation cannot be imparted even if stretching at a high magnification is performed. In such a case, for example, a stretching method generally called blow stretching can be used. That is, the bubble formed by direct inflation is cooled without expanding so much to form a thick tubular film called a parison. The parison is heated to a temperature optimal for the stretching orientation of the precursor. Next, press the high-pressure gas between the second and third nip rolls to form a second bubble larger than the diameter of the annular die or the first bubble, thereby achieving a high draw ratio and stretch orientation. It is what.
[0012]
The resin temperature at the time of melt extrusion when forming a film by direct inflation is not particularly limited, but is preferably room temperature to 300 ° C, more preferably 180 to 240 ° C. Although a draw ratio is not specifically limited, 1.1-100 times are preferable as an area magnification, 1.5-50 times are more preferable, and 2-20 times are further more preferable. Among these, 1.1-20 times are preferable as a draw ratio of a TD direction, and 1.5-10 times are more preferable. The resin temperature during melt extrusion when forming a film by blow stretching is not particularly limited, but is preferably room temperature to 300 ° C, more preferably 180 to 240 ° C. Although the resin temperature in a 2nd bubble is not specifically limited, -80-120 degreeC is preferable and 0-100 degreeC is more preferable. Although a draw ratio is not specifically limited, 1.1-100 times are preferable as an area magnification, 1.5-50 times are more preferable, and 2-20 times are further more preferable. Among these, 1.1 to 100 times is preferable as the draw ratio in the TD direction, 1.5 to 50 times is more preferable, and 2 to 20 times is more preferable.
[0013]
The present invention is characterized in that the heat shrinkage rate of the fluorine-based ion exchange resin precursor film is limited to a specific range, but if the stretching method as described above is used, the stretching temperature, the stretching ratio, the stretching speed, etc. The heat shrinkage rate can be controlled by adjusting the manufacturing conditions. Such adjustment of manufacturing conditions is well known to those skilled in the art and can be easily performed. The range of the heat shrinkage rate is B-10 ≦ A ≦ B + 10, and more preferably B-5 ≦ A ≦ B + 5. Here, A is the heat shrinkage rate (%) at the hydrolysis temperature of the precursor film, and B is the average swelling rate (%) associated with the hydrolysis of the precursor film.
[0014]
(Hydrolysis)
As a hydrolysis method, for example, an ion exchange group precursor of an alignment film is converted into a metal salt type ion exchange group using an alkali hydroxide solution as in Japanese Patent No. 2753731, and then sulfonic acid or hydrochloric acid is used. A conventionally known method of converting to an acid-type (SO 3 H or COOH) ion exchange group using an acid such as can be used. Such transformations are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in the examples of the present invention.
[0015]
(Raw polymer)
An ion exchange membrane can be prepared by forming a fluorine-based ion exchange resin precursor having melt moldability (thermoplasticity) into a sheet and then generating ion exchange groups by hydrolysis treatment. Fluorine ion exchange resin precursor in the present invention,
CF 2 = CF-O- (CF 2 CFLO) n - (CF 2) m -W
A vinyl fluoride compound represented by the general formula CF 2 = CFZ
It consists of at least a binary copolymer with the fluorinated olefin represented by these. Here, L is an F atom or a C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl group, n is an integer of 0-3, m is an integer of 1-3, Z is H, Cl, F, or C1-C3 perfluoro. An alkyl group, and further W is a functional group that can be converted to CO 2 H or SO 3 H by hydrolysis. Examples of such functional groups include SO 2 F, SO 2 Cl, SO 2 Br, COF, COCl, COBr, CO 2 CH 3 and CO 2 C 2 H 5 are usually preferably used. Such a fluorinated ion exchange resin precursor can be synthesized by a conventionally known means. For example, a method in which the above-mentioned vinyl fluoride compound is dissolved in a solvent such as chlorofluorocarbon and then reacted with a fluorinated olefin gas (solution polymerization). Polymerization is performed using the vinyl fluoride compound itself as a solvent without using a solvent such as chlorofluorocarbon. Known methods (bulk polymerization), a method in which a vinyl fluoride compound is mixed with a surfactant in water and emulsified, then reacted with a fluorinated olefin gas (emulsion polymerization), and suspension polymerization is also known. However, the present invention is characterized in that it is produced by bulk polymerization or solution polymerization using a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon as a polymerization solvent.
[0016]
(Equivalent weight)
Although the equivalent weight (EW) of the fluorine-type ion exchange membrane of this invention is not specifically limited, 400-1400 are preferable, More preferably, it is 600-1200, More preferably, it is 700-1000. As the equivalent weight increases, the ionic conductivity decreases. On the other hand, if the equivalent weight is too low, the strength decreases, which is not preferable.
[0017]
(Melt index)
Although the melt index (MI) of the fluorine-type ion exchange resin precursor of this invention is not specifically limited, 0.1-100 are preferable, More preferably, it is 1-30, More preferably, it is 5-20. If the melt index is too small, melt molding is difficult, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the melt index is too large, the film formability and the strength are lowered, and it becomes difficult to provide a sufficient stretch orientation.
[0018]
(Film thickness)
The film thickness of the fluorine ion exchange membrane of the present invention is 1 to 500 μm, preferably 5 to 100 μm, more preferably 10 to 50 μm. When the film thickness is smaller than 1 μm, the above disadvantages are likely to occur due to the diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen, and there is a disadvantage such as damage to the film due to handling during fuel cell manufacturing and differential pressure / distortion during fuel cell operation. Likely to happen. In addition, since a membrane having a film thickness larger than 500 μm generally has low ion permeability, it may not have sufficient performance as an ion exchange membrane.
[0019]
(Moisture content)
The water content of the fluorine ion exchange membrane of the present invention is preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 10% by weight or more, still more preferably 15% by weight or more, and still more preferably 20% by weight or more. If the water content of the ion exchange membrane is too low, the output decreases when the pressure of oxygen and hydrogen is low or when air is used as the oxygen source. In addition, slight changes in operating conditions are not preferable because ion conductivity and gas permeability coefficient change. By setting such a moisture content, even when high current density, low pressure, no humidification, air is used as an oxygen source, etc., the output voltage is hardly lowered and high output can be maintained. This is presumed to be because the moisture content in the ion exchange membrane is easily transferred due to the sufficient water content, and the lack of moisture hardly occurs. However, when the water content reaches 250% or more, the strength of the membrane becomes weak, and the permeability coefficient of oxygen gas or hydrogen gas increases rapidly, while the ion conductivity tends to not increase so much. Therefore, the upper limit of the moisture content is not particularly defined, but is preferably 250%, more preferably 200%.
[0020]
(Method for producing membrane electrode assembly)
Next, the manufacturing method of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is demonstrated. The MEA is created by bonding an electrode to a fluorine ion exchange membrane.
The electrode is composed of fine particles of a catalytic metal and a conductive agent supporting the fine particle, and a water repellent is included as necessary. The catalyst used for the electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal that promotes the oxidation reaction of hydrogen and the reduction reaction by oxygen. Platinum, gold, silver, palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium , Tungsten, manganese, vanadium, or alloys thereof. Of these, platinum is mainly used. Any conductive agent may be used as long as it is an electronically conductive substance, and examples thereof include various metals and carbon materials. Examples of the carbon material include carbon black such as furnace black, channel black, and acetylene black, activated carbon, graphite, and the like, and these are used alone or in combination. As the water repellent, a fluorine-containing resin having water repellency is preferable, and a resin excellent in heat resistance and oxidation resistance is more preferable. Examples thereof include polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. As such an electrode, for example, an electrode manufactured by E-TEK is widely used.
[0021]
In order to create an MEA from the electrode and the ion exchange membrane, for example, the following method is performed. A platinum-supported carbon serving as an electrode material is dispersed in a solution obtained by dissolving a fluorine-based ion exchange resin in a mixed solution of alcohol and water to form a paste. A certain amount of this is applied to a PTFE sheet and dried. Next, the application surfaces of the PTFE sheet are faced to each other, and an ion exchange membrane is sandwiched therebetween, and bonded by hot pressing. The hot press temperature depends on the type of ion exchange membrane, but is usually 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 130 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher.
[0022]
As a method for producing MEA other than the above, there is a method described in “J. Electrochem. Soc. Vol 139, No. 2. L28-L30 (1992)”. In this method, a solution obtained by dissolving a fluorine-based ion exchange resin in a mixed solution of alcohol and water and then converting it into SO 3 Na is prepared. Next, a certain amount of platinum-supported carbon is added to this solution to form an ink-like solution. The ink-like solution is applied to the surface of an ion exchange membrane that has been separately converted to SO 3 Na type, and the solvent is removed. Finally, the MEA is prepared by returning all ion exchange groups to the SO 3 H type. The present invention can also be applied to such an MEA.
[0023]
(Fuel cell manufacturing method)
Next, a method for producing a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell will be described. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes an MEA, a current collector, a fuel cell frame, a gas supply device, and the like. Among them, the current collector (bipolar plate) is a graphite or metal flange having a gas flow path on the surface and the like, and supplies hydrogen and oxygen to the MEA surface in addition to transmitting electrons to an external load circuit. Has a function as a flow path. By inserting a plurality of MEAs between these current collectors and stacking them, a fuel cell can be produced.
[0024]
The fuel cell is operated by supplying hydrogen to one electrode and oxygen or air to the other electrode. The higher the operating temperature of the fuel cell is, the higher the catalyst activity is. However, usually, the fuel cell is often operated at 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. where moisture management is easy. On the other hand, a reinforced ion exchange membrane such as that of the present invention may be able to operate at 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. by improving the high temperature and high humidity strength. The higher the supply pressure of oxygen or hydrogen, the higher the output of the fuel cell, which is preferable. However, since the probability of contact between the two due to membrane breakage or the like increases, it is preferable to adjust the pressure to an appropriate pressure range.
[0025]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following examples further illustrate the present invention. The test methods for the characteristics shown in the examples are as follows.
(1) The film thickness acid type ion exchange membrane is allowed to stand for 12 hours or more in a thermostatic chamber at 23 ° C. and 65%, and then measured using a film thickness meter (Toyo Seiki Seisakusho: B-1).
(2) Approximately 2 to 10 cm 2 of an equivalent weight acid type ion exchange membrane is immersed in 50 ml of a 25 ° C. saturated NaCl aqueous solution and allowed to stand for 10 minutes with stirring, and then a 0.01N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is used with phenolphthalein as an indicator. Use for neutralization titration. The Na-type ion exchange membrane obtained after neutralization is rinsed with pure water, vacuum dried and weighed. The equivalent weight EW (g / eq) is obtained from the following formula, where the equivalent amount of sodium hydroxide required for neutralization is M (mmol) and the weight of the Na-type ion exchange membrane is W (mg).
EW = (W / M) −22
[0026]
(3) Melt Index Based on JIS K-7210, the melt index of the fluorine-based ion exchange resin precursor measured at a temperature of 270 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg was defined as MI (g / 10 min).
(4) The weight before hydrolysis of the water-absorbing fluorine ion exchange resin precursor film accompanying hydrolysis of the precursor film is measured at 23 ° C. and 65%. Thereafter, the precursor film is immersed in a hydrolysis bath (DMSO: KOH: water = 5: 30: 65) heated to 95 ° C. for 1 hour. This is washed thoroughly with water, taken out, wiped off moisture on the surface of the membrane, and the weight after hydrolysis is measured. From these, the water absorption W (%) is obtained using the following formula. In the above measurement, the precursor is preferably non-oriented, but the oriented precursor film according to the present invention may be used for the measurement.
W = (W a −W b ) / W b × 100
W a : Weight after hydrolysis (g)
W b : Weight before hydrolysis (g)
[0027]
(5) Average swelling rate accompanying hydrolysis of precursor The average swelling rate B (%) is determined from the water absorption W and the density D of the fluorine-based ion exchange resin precursor using the following formula. In the examples of the present invention, the density D was 2.0. In the above measurement, the precursor is preferably non-oriented, but the oriented precursor film according to the present invention may be used for the measurement.
B = ((1 + W × D / 100) 1/3 −1) × 100
(6) Heat shrinkage rate at the hydrolysis temperature of the precursor film The film area before heating of the fluorine-based ion exchange resin precursor film is measured at 23 ° C. and 65%. Thereafter, the film is left for 15 minutes in an oven heated to 95 ° C. and then removed from the oven, and the film area after heating is measured at 23 ° C. and 65%. From these, the thermal shrinkage rate A (%) is obtained using the following formula.
A = ((A 1 −A 2 ) / A 2 ) 0.5 × 100
A 1 : Film area before heating (cm 2 )
A 2 : Film area after heating (cm 2 )
[0028]
(7) Dimensional change accompanying hydrolysis of precursor membrane The membrane area before hydrolysis of the fluorine-based ion exchange resin precursor membrane is measured at 23 ° C. and 65%. Thereafter, the precursor film is immersed in a hydrolysis bath (DMSO: KOH: water = 5: 30: 65) heated to 95 ° C. for 1 hour. After thoroughly washing this, the membrane area after hydrolysis in water is measured. From these, the dimensional change C (%) accompanying actual hydrolysis is obtained using the following formula.
C = ((A 1 −A 2 ) / A 2 ) 0.5 × 100
A 1 : membrane area after hydrolysis (cm 2 )
A 2 : membrane area before hydrolysis (cm 2 )
[0029]
[Example 1]
Copolymer of vinyl fluoride compound and fluorinated olefin of general formula described above (raw polymer) (where L is CF 3 , n is 1, m is 2 and Z is F) And W is SO 2 F.) Fluorine ion exchange resin (EW: 950, MI: 20) was press-molded at 270 ° C. to prepare a non-oriented precursor film having a thickness of 50 μm. It was immersed in a hydrolysis bath heated to 95 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a fluorine-based ion exchange membrane having a metal salt type ion exchange group. At this time, the water absorption W associated with the hydrolysis of the precursor was determined to be 30% by weight. From this, assuming a density of 2, the average expansion coefficient B accompanying hydrolysis of the precursor was determined to be 17%. From this, when the target value of the heat shrinkage rate A at the hydrolysis temperature of the precursor film was determined, it was 7 to 27%.
[0030]
Next, the said fluorine-type ion exchange resin was formed into a film using the cyclic | annular die method, and it was set as the 50-micrometer-thick precursor film | membrane. The diameter of the annular die was 100 mm, the slit width was 1000 μm, the resin temperature was 209 ° C., and the longitudinal draw ratio was 10 times. When film formation was performed while changing the transverse draw ratio, a precursor film having a heat shrinkage ratio A of 12% at the hydrolysis temperature at a transverse draw ratio of 2 was obtained. The precursor membrane was immersed in a hydrolysis bath heated to 95 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a fluorine ion exchange membrane having a metal salt type ion exchange group. At this time, the dimensional change C accompanying hydrolysis was 5%. Table 1 shows the results.
[0031]
[Comparative Example 1]
The same fluorine-based ion exchange resin (EW: 950, MI: 20) as in Example 1 was formed using a T-die method to obtain a precursor film having a thickness of 50 μm. The width of the T die was 400 mm, the slit width was 600 μm, and the resin temperature was 250 ° C. In addition, the target value of the thermal contraction rate A for the precursor is 7 to 27% as in the first embodiment.
On the other hand, since the precursor film was not stretched in the transverse direction, the thermal shrinkage A at the hydrolysis temperature was approximately 0%. The precursor membrane was immersed in a hydrolysis bath heated to 95 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a fluorine ion exchange membrane having a metal salt type ion exchange group. At this time, the dimensional change C accompanying hydrolysis was 15%. Table 1 shows the results.
[0032]
[Table 1]
[0033]
【Effect of the invention】
Since the fluorinated ion exchange resin precursor membrane of the present invention has a small dimensional change accompanying hydrolysis, it is particularly effective for improving the yield during continuous production of the fluorinated ion exchange membrane.
Claims (7)
B−10≦A≦B+10
B=((1+W×D/100)1/3 −1)×100
(式中のAは当該前駆体膜の加水分解温度における熱収縮率(%)、Bは当該前駆体の加水分解に伴う平均膨潤率(%)、Wは当該前駆体の加水分解に伴う吸水率(重量%)、Dは当該前駆体の密度(g/cm3 )を表す)In a method for producing a fluorinated ion exchange membrane, which is prepared by forming a fluorinated ion exchange resin precursor into a film and then preliminarily giving a specific stretching orientation and hydrolyzing it, heat at the hydrolysis temperature of the precursor film A method for producing a fluorine ion exchange membrane, characterized in that the shrinkage rate A is within the range of the following formula.
B-10 ≦ A ≦ B + 10
B = ((1 + W × D / 100) 1/3 −1) × 100
(In the formula, A is the heat shrinkage rate (%) at the hydrolysis temperature of the precursor film, B is the average swelling rate (%) associated with the hydrolysis of the precursor, and W is the water absorption due to the hydrolysis of the precursor film. Rate (% by weight), D represents the density of the precursor (g / cm 3 )
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| JP4601243B2 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2010-12-22 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | Fluorine ion exchange membrane |
| CN100530792C (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2009-08-19 | 旭化成株式会社 | Membrane electrode assembly for solid polymer fuel cell |
| DE602004031958D1 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2011-05-05 | Asahi Chemical Ind | MEMBRANE ELECTRODE MODULE FOR A SOLID FUEL FUEL CELL |
| US7910260B2 (en) * | 2004-11-01 | 2011-03-22 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for stabilizing polyelectrolyte membrane films used in fuel cells |
| JP4367470B2 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2009-11-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Electrolyte membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cell, production method thereof and membrane electrode assembly |
| KR101000214B1 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2010-12-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Ion conductive resin fiber, ion conductive composite membrane, membrane-electrode assembly and fuel cell |
| DE112012005339B4 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2019-02-14 | National Research Council Of Canada | Process for the preparation of coextruded ion-exchange precursor resin membranes and their use |
| US9543607B2 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2017-01-10 | National Research Council Of Canada | Process for producing ion exchange membranes by melt-processing of acidic PFSA ionomers |
| WO2023210781A1 (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2023-11-02 | 旭化成株式会社 | Ion exchange membrane, membrane electrode assembly, cell for redox flow batteries, and redox flow battery |
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