JP4911426B2 - Ethanol production method and production facility - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing ethanol and a production facility therefor.

  Methods for producing ethanol from biological materials are well known. For example, corn and other starchy materials that can be easily saccharified are used as a starting material, and brewed yeast is added to this starting material to saccharify the starchy material. -Ethanol is obtained when the fermentation treatment is performed and then the fermentation solution is distilled to separate water. At this time, carbon dioxide and residue are produced as by-products, but the carbon dioxide is not simply released to the atmosphere, but reused to synthesize and effectively use industrial methanol, acetylene and benzene. There is a technique of reusing as a supplement or fertilizer for animal feed (see Patent Document 1).

  Focusing on the above starting materials, producing ethanol from edible grains (rice, wheat, soybeans, sugarcane, etc.) planted in Japan is very expensive and can be obtained from residues. Although animal feeds and plant fertilizers can be reused as recyclable resources, they are unprofitable and unrealistic because they are traded as they are and their added value is low. Therefore, if cellulosic waste such as waste wood is used as a starting material instead of expensive starch-containing grains, it can be economically produced.

However, the use of cellulosic waste such as the above-mentioned waste wood is also at the stage of research and development, and whether it is possible to procure raw materials continuously for commercial ethanol production in Japan. There is a point.
JP-T 56-501311

  In view of the above problems, the present invention enables continuous procurement of raw materials for commercial ethanol production in Japan, and effectively uses carbon dioxide, which is a by-product in ethanol production, and is a residue that is a by-product. It is a technical problem to provide an ethanol production method and production facility capable of producing a food material with high added value from the above.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for producing ethanol using cereal as a raw material, a cereal preparation process for removing the hull of the raw material, and inoculating the raw material from which the hull has been removed inoculated with koji mold and saccharified. An ethanol production process in which yeast is added to ferment alcohol to produce ethanol, and functional ingredients from the outer shell of the raw material produced in the grain preparation processing process using ethanol or carbon dioxide produced in the ethanol production process Yes comprise a functional food manufacturing process of extracting, wherein the functional component extracted by the functional food manufacturing process, .gamma.-aminobutyric acid, phytic acid, is at least one of inositol or vitamin B1 It was set as the manufacturing method of ethanol .

Moreover, it is good to provide the budding process which separates the germ adhering to the said raw material using the carbon dioxide produced by this ethanol manufacturing process between the said grain preparation processing process and the said ethanol manufacturing process.

Furthermore, it is good to provide the gasification electric power generation process which performs gasification electric power generation using the outer skin produced in the said grain preparation processing process.

And while transmitting the electricity generated in the gasification power generation step to the grain preparation processing step, the ethanol production step, the functional food production step and the sprouting step, the exhaust heat generated in the gasification power generation step, It is good to utilize for the heat source used in a sprouting process and / or the said ethanol manufacturing process.

According to the ethanol production method of the present invention, ethanol can be produced using grains, in particular, rice, which has the highest production volume in Japan. It becomes possible. Further, since ethanol is produced using the raw material from which the outer skin has been removed, it is possible to produce ethanol with a high concentration with less impurities, and further, the outer skin removed from the raw material and the ethanol produced in the ethanol production process or With carbon dioxide , functional ingredients such as γ-aminobutyric acid, phytic acid, inositol, or vitamin B1 can be extracted to produce high-value-added food materials, which is profitable when producing ethanol. Improve dramatically.

In addition, since the cereal preparation processing step and the ethanol production step are provided with a budding step of separating the germs attached to the raw material using carbon dioxide produced in the ethanol production step, the function In the production process of functional foods, functional ingredients are extracted from the germs separated in the sprouting process to process high-value-added functional ingredients, while general food powders are prepared from the koji separated in the grain preparation process. Can be processed.

Furthermore, the gasification power generation process which performs gasification power generation using the outer skin produced in the grain preparation processing process is provided, and the electricity generated in the gasification power generation process is converted into the grain preparation processing process, the ethanol production process, and the functional food. Power is transmitted to the production process and the sprouting process, and the waste heat generated in the gasification power generation process is used as a heat source for the sprouting process and / or the ethanol production process, and the outer skin is used as a circulating resource. can do.

  In the method for producing ethanol of the present invention, rice is used as a starting material. Rice is an expensive starchy material, but it is the most produced grain in Japan and can be continuously procured for commercial ethanol production. In consideration of the unit price of raw materials, it is also possible to use rice contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium. The cadmium content of domestic rice (brown rice) is regulated by the Food Sanitation Law to be less than 1.0 ppm, and if it exceeds this standard value, it will be incinerated and will not be marketed. However, even if there is no problem in safety, there is a standard that the Food Agency purchases from the consideration of consumers and uses it as emergency stockpiled rice. This standard value is 0.4 ppm or more and less than 1.0 ppm. This emergency stockpiled rice has an average annual amount of about 2,300 tons from 1999 to 2003, and some of it is processed as industrial paste, but most of it is stored unused Is in a situation. If this stock stock is refined to remove cadmium and use it as a starting material for ethanol production, the raw material can be procured without any economic problems.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the steps of the method for producing ethanol of the present invention. The method for producing ethanol of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

Step 1 in FIG. 1 is a grain preparation processing step represented by a large-scale grain drying preparation storage facility. After the high moisture rice cake received is roughly selected, dried and stored, Supplied. When the raw rice bran is refined and refined by the rice bran machine 1, the brown rice is supplied to the rice mill 2 in the next process, and the rice husk as a by-product is supplied to the process 6. The rice milling machine 2 used in this embodiment uses a polishing-type rice milling machine with a brush roll so as not to damage the germs attached to the brown rice and to make the germs easy to fall off in the subsequent sprouting process. It is preferable to do this. Moreover, it is good to provide the watering process which performs tempering for 5 minutes at normal temperature in the pre-process of the rice mill 1 after adding 2% weight water with respect to brown rice.

As the specifications of the brush roll, SUS304, a twisted wire, a wire diameter of 0.6 mm, and a brush length of 25 mm were used. As a result, it was found that the endosperm recovery rate was improved and the broken rice generation rate was reduced as compared to a friction type cereal roll having a normal protrusion (see the table below).

Then, the germinated rice polished by the rice mill 2 is supplied to step 2 and the rice bran as a by-product is supplied to step 5.

Step 2 in FIG. 1 is a sprouting step for separating the germ from the germinated rice. In the sprouting step, first, germinated rice is put into a pressurized tank 3 filled with carbon dioxide. The pressurized tank 3 is supplied with, for example, liquefied carbon dioxide, and infiltrate the carbon dioxide at 30 atm (3 Mpa) for 10 minutes. Next, the germinated rice is taken out from the pressurized tank 3, and superheated steam at 100 to 200 ° C. is contacted for 0.5 to 2 seconds. After that, when an impact is applied by the pin mill 4, the germ can be easily dropped because the cell binding force between the endosperm paste layer and the germ is weakened. Then, the polished rice from which the germ has been removed is supplied to Step 3, and the dropped germ is supplied to Step 4 .

Step 3 in FIG. 1 is an ethanol production process. The polished rice is pressed and crushed by the roller mill 5 and molded into an appropriate size. The crushed rice is first supplied to a fermentation tank 6A in which koji molds are charged, and then supplied to a fermentation tank 6B in which yeasts are charged. In the fermentation tanks 6A and 6B, the koji mold that secretes amylase dissolves the starch of rice to perform saccharification, and the yeast functions to ferment the saccharified starch to produce alcohol. Not only this manufacturing method but also using a special yeast, it is possible to omit the step of saccharifying starch with gonococcus. The extract taken out from the fermentation tank 6 </ b> B is ethanol-containing alcohol and is supplied to the next distillation apparatus 7. In the distillation apparatus 7, by using heated steam, the ethanol-containing alcohol is heated to perform a distillation treatment to obtain high-concentration ethanol, which is provided as industrial ethanol and fuel ethanol.

Step 4 in FIG. 1 shows a functional food manufacturing process for manufacturing health foods and the like with high added value from the by-products generated in the grain preparation processing process and the budding process.

In the functional food manufacturing process, straw and germs separated from brown rice are supplied to oil recovery machines 8A and 8B, respectively. The oil recovery machines 8A and 8B may be compression type oil presses, and can obtain rice bran oil or germ oil. Next, the squeezed rice bran oil, germ oil, and those squeezed straws are supplied to the respective essential oil devices 9A and 9B. Carbon dioxide is supplied to the essential oil devices 9A and 9B. As the properties of the carbon dioxide, those in a liquid state or a supercritical state can be used. Since carbon dioxide is used as a degreasing extraction solvent, without using n- hexane, harmless, also, kerosene-like smell nor adhere to the food. The extraction solvent for degreasing is not limited to these, and for example, ethanol obtained in the ethanol production process can also be used.

In the essential oil devices 9A and 9B, rice bran oil and germ oil are obtained, and these are provided as health foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food oils containing γ-oryzanol, which reduces cholesterol in the blood. On the other hand, among the pomace degreased with carbon dioxide, the degreased koji is supplied to the pulverizer 10 and the degreased germ is supplied to the functional component extractor 11. The defatted lees pulverized by the fine pulverizer 10 are provided mainly as a mixed feed, as food powder such as pickles, fertilizer and the like. The defatted germ supplied to the functional component extractor 11 extracts functional components such as γ-aminobutyric acid, phytic acid, inositol, and vitamin B1 by enzymatic treatment, ethanol extraction, etc., and undergoes concentration, drying, and powdering treatment. Provided as a health food.

Step 5 in FIG. 1 is a carbon dioxide recovery / reuse device for recovering carbon dioxide, which is a by-product of the fermentation tanks 6A, 6B, and supplying it to the steps 2 and 4 for reuse. As a technique for reusing carbon dioxide generated when ethanol is produced without simply letting it escape to the atmosphere, a method for converting it into chemicals and a method for converting it into the production of petrochemical products are known. It is not known for use in functional food manufacturing processes.

  Step 6 in FIG. 1 is a gasification power generation step in which rice husks, which are a by-product of the grain preparation processing step, are recovered and used as fuel for the gasification generator 12. The gasification generator 12 can cover the electricity of the steps 1 to 5, and the exhaust heat generated by the power generation is the distillation of the pressurized tank 3 in the de-sprouting step and the ethanol production step. It can be used as a heat source used in the apparatus 7, and rice husk can be reused as a circulating resource.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a grain drying preparation facility applied to the ethanol production facility of the present invention. The grain drying preparation facility includes a receiving hopper 13 that receives the harvested high moisture ginger, a roughing machine 14 that removes impurities such as sawdust, a weighing machine 16 that measures the coarsely picked ginger, A main part is composed of a storage tank 19 for temporarily storing the ginger and a dryer 22 for drying the ginger. Reference numeral 26 denotes a gap silo that tempers the soot immediately after the start of drying, and drying is performed while circulating between the dryer 22 and the gap silo 26 until the soot is dried to the set moisture. Is called. Reference numeral 25 denotes a storage silo provided alongside the gap silo 26 and is stored in the storage silo 25 after the soot is dried to the set moisture.

  The soot dried to the set moisture is taken out of the storage silo 25 by the carry-out conveyor 27 and the switching valve 28 and is transported to the hull preparation process. In the hulling preparation process, the hulling machine 1 described above and the swinging grain sorter 29 are provided. When rice bran is supplied to the rice huller 1, the rice husk is separated into rice husk and brown rice, and the rice husk as a by-product is supplied to the gasification power generation process. On the other hand, the mixture of brown rice and rice bran that has been scraped off by the rice huller 1 is supplied to a swinging sorter 29, which sorts it into brown rice, rice bran, and a mixture of rice bran and brown rice. Is done. The unpolished rice after the sorting is supplied to the rice mill 2 in the next process, but the rice bran is returned to the rice grinder 1 and re-milled, and the mixture is returned to the swinging sorter 29 and re-sorted. It will be.

  The brown rice supplied to the rice mill 2 is separated into germ rice and rice bran, and the by-product rice bran is supplied to the functional food production process, and the germ rice reaches the next process. The germinated rice supplied to the pressurized tank 3 and the pin mill 4 is separated into polished rice and germ, the by-product germ is supplied to the functional food manufacturing process, and the polished rice is supplied to the ethanol manufacturing process. Become.

In the grain preparation processing step 1 and the sprouting step 2 in FIG. 1, when 55 tons of raw material koji was milled, polished, and sprouted, 40 tons of polished rice, 2.9 tons of koji, and 1.3 tons of germ were obtained. In the ethanol production process 2, when 40 tons of refined rice was saccharified, fermented and distilled, 17 kiloliters of ethanol and 13 tons of carbon dioxide were obtained. In functional food production process 4, 2.9 tons of cocoons and 1.3 tons of germs were subjected to oil extraction / defatting / refining treatment to obtain 0.5 tons of rice bran oil / germ oil, 0.3 tons of functional ingredients, and 3.7 tons of food powder.

Table 2 shows the component content per 100 grams of powder of the functional component.

It is a block diagram which shows the process of the manufacturing method of ethanol of this invention. It is the schematic of the grain drying preparation facility applied to the ethanol manufacturing facility of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rice huller 2 Rice mill 3 Pressurized tank 4 Pin mill 5 Roller mill 6 Fermentation tank 7 Distillation device 8 Oil recovery machine 9 Essential oil device 10 Fine grinder 11 Functional component extractor 12 Gasification generator 13 Load receiving hopper 14 Rough selection Machine 15 Graining machine 16 Weighing machine 17 Graining machine 18 Carry-in conveyor 19 Storage tank 20 Discharge conveyor 21 Graining machine 22 Dryer 23 Graining machine 24 Carry-in conveyor 25 Storage silo 26 Gap silo 27 Carry-out conveyor 28 Switching Valve 29 Swing sorter

Claims (5)

In a method for producing ethanol using cereal as a raw material,
A grain preparation process for removing the outer shell of the raw material;
An ethanol production process in which the raw material from which the outer skin has been removed is inoculated with koji mold and saccharified, and yeast is added to cause alcohol fermentation to produce ethanol,
A functional food manufacturing process of extracting functional ingredients from skin of raw materials caused by the ethanol manufacturing process produced ethanolamines or by using carbon dioxide the cereal preparation processing step,
Yes equipped with,
The method for producing ethanol, wherein the functional component extracted in the functional food production process is at least one of γ-aminobutyric acid, phytic acid, inositol, or vitamin B1 . 2. The ethanol according to claim 1, further comprising a sprouting step between the grain preparation processing step and the ethanol production step, wherein the germ attached to the raw material is separated using carbon dioxide produced in the ethanol production step. Manufacturing method. The method for producing ethanol according to claim 2, further comprising a gasification power generation step of performing gasification power generation using an outer skin generated in the grain preparation processing step. The electricity generated in the gasification power generation process is transmitted to the grain preparation process, the ethanol production process, the functional food production process and the sprouting process, respectively, and the waste heat generated in the gasification power generation process is transmitted to the sprouting The method for producing ethanol according to claim 3, wherein the method is used as a heat source used in the step and / or the ethanol production step. In the grain drying preparation storage facility where the high moisture rice cake received is coarsely selected, dried and stored, and then processed into brown rice after scouring and fine selection, and further processed into polished rice.
An ethanol production apparatus that instills koji mold into the polished rice and saccharifies it, and after adding yeast and alcoholic fermentation, and distillation treatment;
A functional food production apparatus that squeezes the hulls separated from the polished rice, and degreases the squeezed rice cake (scum) after being squeezed using ethanol or carbon dioxide produced by the ethanol production apparatus. When,
Yes equipped with,
The ethanol production facility, wherein the functional ingredient extracted by the functional food production apparatus is at least one of γ-aminobutyric acid, phytic acid, inositol, or vitamin B1 .

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