JP4916966B2 - Green tea production method - Google Patents
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- JP4916966B2 JP4916966B2 JP2007183871A JP2007183871A JP4916966B2 JP 4916966 B2 JP4916966 B2 JP 4916966B2 JP 2007183871 A JP2007183871 A JP 2007183871A JP 2007183871 A JP2007183871 A JP 2007183871A JP 4916966 B2 JP4916966 B2 JP 4916966B2
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Description
この発明は、茶葉中のエピガロカテキンガレートやエピガロカテキンの含有量を容易に増加させることができる緑茶の製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for producing green tea that can easily increase the content of epigallocatechin gallate or epigallocatechin in tea leaves.
日本人に愛飲されている緑茶には渋み成分としてカテキンが豊富に含まれていることが知られている。緑茶のカテキンの主要成分は、エピカテキン(epicatechin、EC)、そのヒドロキシ体のエピガロカテキン(epigallocatechin、EGC)、それらの没食子酸エステルであるエピカテキンガレート(epicatechin gallate、没食子酸エピカテキン、ECg)、及び、エピガロカテキンガレート(epigallocatechin gallate、没食子酸エピガロカテキン、EGCg)の4種類であり、これらの化合物の緑茶中の含有量は合計で、茶葉中の水分を除いた総重量中の13〜30%程度である。 It is known that green tea loved by Japanese people is rich in catechins as an astringent ingredient. The main components of green tea catechins are epicatechin (EC), its epimeric epigallocatechin (EGC), and its gallic acid ester epicatechin gallate (epicatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, ECg). And epigallocatechin gallate (epigallocatechin gallate, EGCg), and the content of these compounds in green tea is a total of 13 in the total weight excluding moisture in tea leaves About 30%.
これらのカテキンには多様な生理活性があることが報告されており、例えば、抗酸化作用、血圧上昇抑制作用、血中コレステロール調節作用、血糖値調節作用、老化抑制作用、抗突然変異、抗癌、抗菌、抗う蝕、抗アレルギー作用等の生理活性が知られている。 It has been reported that these catechins have various physiological activities, such as antioxidant action, blood pressure elevation inhibiting action, blood cholesterol regulating action, blood glucose level regulating action, aging inhibiting action, antimutation, anticancer Physiological activities such as antibacterial, anti-cariogenic and anti-allergic effects are known.
上記の4種類のカテキンのうち、もっとも抗酸化作用が強いのはエピガロカテキンガレートであり、次いでエピガロカテキンである。このため、茶葉中のエピガロカテキンガレートやエピガロカテキンを増加することができれば、日常習慣的に摂取する緑茶によって、より一層の健康増進を手軽に図ることができる。 Of the above four types of catechins, epigallocatechin gallate has the strongest antioxidant effect, followed by epigallocatechin. For this reason, if epigallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin in tea leaves can be increased, further health promotion can be easily achieved with green tea taken daily.
そこで本発明は、茶葉中のエピガロカテキンガレートやエピガロカテキンの含有量を容易に増加させることができる緑茶の製造方法を提供すべく図ったものである。 Therefore, the present invention is intended to provide a method for producing green tea that can easily increase the content of epigallocatechin gallate or epigallocatechin in tea leaves.
すなわち本発明に係る緑茶の製造方法は、茶葉を加熱する工程(加熱工程)、及び、加熱された前記茶葉に白色光を照射する工程(光照射工程)を備えていることを特徴とする。以下に本発明を詳述する。 That is, the method for producing green tea according to the present invention includes a step of heating tea leaves (heating step) and a step of irradiating the heated tea leaves with white light (light irradiation step). The present invention is described in detail below.
前記緑茶とは、茶葉から作った茶のうち、摘み取った茶葉を加熱処理をして茶葉の酵素による酸化発酵を抑制したものであり、例えば、一般的な緑茶である煎茶の製法は、収穫した茶葉を、(1)蒸して熱して(蒸熱)、(2)熱風中で茶葉を攪拌、圧迫して、均一に乾燥し(粗揉)、(3)萎凋してやわらかくなった茶葉に加重しながら円運動し均一にもみ、茶葉の組織を破壊して発酵を均一にし(揉捻)、(4)茶葉を軽くもみながら乾燥を進め、茶葉をよりながら細くし(中揉)、(5)加熱した揉盤上で茶葉を徐々に乾燥し、煎茶独特の形に整形し(精捻)、(6)乾燥する、という一連の工程からなる。本発明者は、驚くべきことに、蒸した後の茶葉に光を照射することにより、茶葉中のエピガロカテキンガレートやエピガロカテキンの含量が増加することを見出し、この全く新規な知見に基づいて本発明を完成した。 The green tea is a tea made from tea leaves, which is obtained by heat-treating the picked tea leaves to suppress oxidative fermentation by the enzymes of the tea leaves. For example, a method for producing sencha, which is a general green tea, was harvested (1) Steamed and heated (steamed), (2) Stirred and pressed tea leaves in hot air, dried uniformly (coarse), (3) Weighed and softened tea leaves While moving circularly, it breaks evenly, destroys the tea leaf tissue and homogenizes the fermentation (spinning), (4) advances the drying while lightly squeezing the tea leaf, makes the tea leaf thinner and thinner (medium), (5) heating It consists of a series of steps of gradually drying the tea leaves on the finished board, shaping them into a unique shape of Sencha (spinning), and (6) drying. The present inventor has surprisingly found that the content of epigallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin in tea leaves is increased by irradiating light to steamed tea leaves, and based on this completely novel finding. The present invention has been completed.
本発明で用いる茶葉は、ツバキ目ツバキ科ツバキ属の常緑樹であるチャノキから採取した葉であれば特に限定されず、多様な品種のものを使用することができる。例えば、紅誉に本発明を適用することにより、エピガロカテキンガレートやエピガロカテキンの含有量を、紅富貴と同程度にまで増加させることができる。 The tea leaf used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a leaf collected from chanoki, which is an evergreen tree of the camellia camellia family, and various varieties can be used. For example, by applying the present invention to Red Honor, the content of epigallocatechin gallate or epigallocatechin can be increased to the same level as that of Benifumi.
本発明における加熱工程としては、茶葉の酵素による酸化発酵を抑制することができる工程であれば特に限定されず、例えば、一般的に行われる蒸熱によるものであってもよいが、その他の方法として、炒る方法(炒製)、煮る方法(煮製)、焼く方法(焼製)等を用いる工程であってもよい。 The heating step in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a step capable of suppressing oxidative fermentation by the enzyme of tea leaves. For example, it may be by steaming generally performed, but as other methods , A method using a frying method (fried), a boiling method (boiled), a baking method (baked), or the like.
本発明においては、茶葉を加熱した後、当該茶葉に白色光を照射する。加熱された茶葉に白色光を照射すると、上述のとおり、茶葉中のエピガロカテキンガレートやエピガロカテキンの含量が増加する。 In the present invention, after heating the tea leaves, the tea leaves are irradiated with white light. When the heated tea leaf is irradiated with white light, the content of epigallocatechin gallate or epigallocatechin in the tea leaf increases as described above.
前記白色光としては、全ての波長の可視光を含んだものであってもよいが、赤、青、緑の3色の光を混合したものであってもよい。 The white light may include visible light of all wavelengths, or may be a mixture of light of three colors of red, blue, and green.
前記白色光の光源としては特に限定されず、例えば、LED、半導体レーザ、高圧ナトリウムランプ、低圧ナトリウムランプ、キセノンランプ、メタルハライドランプ、水銀ランプ、マイクロ波ランプ、白熱電球、蛍光灯等の人工光源を用いたり、太陽光を照射したりしてもよい。 The light source of the white light is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include artificial light sources such as LEDs, semiconductor lasers, high-pressure sodium lamps, low-pressure sodium lamps, xenon lamps, metal halide lamps, mercury lamps, microwave lamps, incandescent bulbs, and fluorescent lamps. It may be used or irradiated with sunlight.
前記白色光の光強度としては、50〜60μmolm−2s−1PPFDであることが好ましい。50μmolm−2s−1PPFD未満であると、光強度が不充分で、エピガロカテキンガレートやエピガロカテキンの茶葉中の含有量があまり増加しないことがあり、60μmolm−2s−1PPFDを超えると、光強度が高すぎる場合がある。 The light intensity of the white light is preferably 50 to 60 μmol −2 s −1 PPFD. If it is less than 50 μmolm −2 s −1 PPFD, the light intensity is insufficient, and the content of epigallocatechin gallate or epigallocatechin in tea leaves may not increase so much, exceeding 60 μmolm −2 s −1 PPFD. In some cases, the light intensity is too high.
また前記白色光の照射時間は、15〜20分であることが好ましい。15分未満であると、光照射量が不充分で、エピガロカテキンガレートやエピガロカテキンの茶葉中の含有量があまり増加しないことがあり、20分を超えると、光照射量が多すぎる場合がある。 The white light irradiation time is preferably 15 to 20 minutes. If it is less than 15 minutes, the amount of light irradiation is insufficient, and the content of epigallocatechin gallate or epigallocatechin in tea leaves may not increase so much. If it exceeds 20 minutes, the amount of light irradiation is excessive. There is.
本発明に係る方法は、過熱工程及び光照射工程以外の他の加工工程を有していてもよいが、これらの加工工程としては特に限定されず、上述のとおりの一般的な緑茶の各製造工程を用いることができる。 The method according to the present invention may have other processing steps other than the heating step and the light irradiation step, but these processing steps are not particularly limited, and each production of general green tea as described above. A process can be used.
通常、茶葉の製造ラインにおいては、茶葉はベルトコンベア上を移送されて順次様々な加工処理が施される。本発明における光照射工程はベルトコンベア上を流れる茶葉に対して施すことができるので、製造ラインを止める必要がなく、効率的に行うことができる。 Usually, in a tea leaf production line, tea leaves are transferred on a belt conveyor and sequentially subjected to various processing. Since the light irradiation process in this invention can be performed with respect to the tea leaves which flow on a belt conveyor, it is not necessary to stop a production line and can be performed efficiently.
本発明の光照射工程においては、例えば、光源として白色LEDと、その光強度を調節する手段とを備えている光照射装置をベルトコンベア上に設置する。しかして、本発明に係る緑茶の製造方法に用いるこのような光照射装置もまた、本発明の1つである。 In the light irradiation step of the present invention, for example, a light irradiation device including a white LED as a light source and a means for adjusting the light intensity is installed on a belt conveyor. Thus, such a light irradiation apparatus used in the method for producing green tea according to the present invention is also one aspect of the present invention.
本発明に係る光照射装置の一実施形態を図1に例示する。
図1に例示する光照射装置1は、光を射出する光射出部2と、その光射出部2に対し射出される光の強度を変更可能に電力を供給する電力供給部3とを備えたものである。更に、よりきめ細かい制御を行うためには、判別部4及び光強度設定部5を備えていることが好ましい。
One embodiment of a light irradiation apparatus according to the present invention is illustrated in FIG.
The light irradiation device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a light emitting unit 2 that emits light, and a power supply unit 3 that supplies power so that the intensity of the light emitted to the light emitting unit 2 can be changed. Is. Further, in order to perform finer control, it is preferable to include a determination unit 4 and a light intensity setting unit 5.
各部を詳述する。光射出部2は、図2に示すように、平板状の基板22の一方の面に白色LED21を多数敷設したものであり、白色LED21は、例えば砲弾型のものである。 Each part will be described in detail. As shown in FIG. 2, the light emitting unit 2 has a large number of white LEDs 21 laid on one surface of a flat substrate 22, and the white LEDs 21 are, for example, cannonball type.
電力供給部3は、各白色LED21毎に、独立して発光強度を変更可能に電力を供給するものである。 The power supply unit 3 supplies power so that the emission intensity can be changed independently for each white LED 21.
判別部4は、例えばオペレータによる入力により、ベルトコンベア7上を流れてくる茶葉6の品種・状態等を判別するものである。 The discriminating unit 4 discriminates the type and state of the tea leaves 6 flowing on the belt conveyor 7 by, for example, an input by an operator.
光強度設定部5は、茶葉6の品種・状態等に応じて、前記光の強度を設定するための外部制御信号を生成し、その外部制御信号を前記電力供給部3に送信するものである。具体的には、例えば茶葉6の品種・状態等を示す識別子と外部制御信号の識別子とを対にして格納している制御信号特定データ格納部D1にアクセスし、茶葉6の品種・状態等に対応する外部制御信号を特定するとともに、その外部制御信号を前記電力供給部3に送信する。 The light intensity setting unit 5 generates an external control signal for setting the light intensity in accordance with the type and state of the tea leaves 6 and transmits the external control signal to the power supply unit 3. . Specifically, for example, the control signal specifying data storage unit D1 storing a pair of an identifier indicating the type / status of the tea leaf 6 and the identifier of the external control signal is accessed, and the type / status, etc. of the tea leaf 6 is accessed. A corresponding external control signal is specified, and the external control signal is transmitted to the power supply unit 3.
なお、前記判別部4、光強度設定部5、制御信号特定データ格納部D1等は、本実施形態では情報処理装置7を利用して構成している。この情報処理装置7は、図3に示すように、CPU101、内部メモリ102、HDD等の外部記憶装置103、モデム等の通信インタフェース104、ディスプレイ105、マウスやキーボードといった入力手段106等を有する。そして、前記内部メモリ102や外部記憶装置103等の所定領域に設定したプログラムにしたがってCPU101やその周辺機器を作動させることにより、前記判別部4、光強度設定部5、制御信号特定データ格納部D1として機能するように構成してある。かかる情報処理装置7は、汎用のコンピュータであってもよく、専用のものであってもよい。 In the present embodiment, the determination unit 4, the light intensity setting unit 5, the control signal specifying data storage unit D1, and the like are configured using the information processing apparatus 7. As shown in FIG. 3, the information processing apparatus 7 includes a CPU 101, an internal memory 102, an external storage device 103 such as an HDD, a communication interface 104 such as a modem, a display 105, an input means 106 such as a mouse and a keyboard, and the like. Then, by operating the CPU 101 and its peripheral devices according to a program set in a predetermined area such as the internal memory 102 or the external storage device 103, the determination unit 4, the light intensity setting unit 5, the control signal specifying data storage unit D1 Is configured to function as The information processing apparatus 7 may be a general-purpose computer or a dedicated computer.
このように本発明によれば、茶葉中のエピガロカテキンガレートやエピガロカテキンを容易に増加することができる。緑茶は日常的に摂取するものであるので、本発明を用いて製造された緑茶を摂取することにより手軽に健康増進を図ることができる。また、本発明に係る製造方法を実施するためには、従来の製造ラインをそのまま使用して、これに光照射装置を設置すればよいので、設備投資が少なくてすむ。 Thus, according to the present invention, epigallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin in tea leaves can be easily increased. Since green tea is taken on a daily basis, health promotion can be easily promoted by taking green tea produced using the present invention. Further, in order to carry out the manufacturing method according to the present invention, it is only necessary to use a conventional manufacturing line as it is and install a light irradiation device on this, so that the capital investment can be reduced.
以下に実施例を掲げて本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例のみに限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
<試験目的>
茶葉収穫後、光照射した際の成分変化の有無を調べるために、メチル化エピガロカテキンガレート(epigallocatechin−3−O−(3−O−methyl)−gallate(EGCG−3Me))の各種光照射による含有量変化について検討した。
<Purpose of test>
Various light irradiations of methylated epigallocatechin-3-O- (3-O-methyl) -gallate (EGCG-3Me)) in order to examine the presence or absence of a change in components when irradiated with light after harvesting tea leaves The change in the content due to was investigated.
<試験サンプル>
紅誉の茶葉を収穫した後、100℃で蒸し、その後下記表1に示す条件で光照射を行い、試験サンプルとした。なお、光源は茶葉から30cm離して設置した。
<Test sample>
After harvesting red tea leaves, they were steamed at 100 ° C. and then irradiated with light under the conditions shown in Table 1 below to obtain test samples. The light source was set 30 cm away from the tea leaves.
<試験方法>
試験はSano M. et al., “Simultaneous determination of twelve tea catechins by
high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection” Analyst,126,816-820,2001に記載の方法に準拠して行った。
<Test method>
The test was conducted by Sano M. et al., “Simultaneous determination of twelve tea catechins by
High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection ”was performed according to the method described in Analyst, 126, 816-820, 2001.
(1)抽出操作
得られた試験サンプルを細切りにし、これを0.1g取り分けてから、100倍量の蒸留水/アセトニトリル(体積比で1:1)の混合液を加え、テフロン(登録商標)キャップ付き試験管に入れて、30℃で40分間、120サイクル/分で振盪し、抽出を行った。得られた抽出液に対し4℃で3000rpm×5分間遠心分離を行い、上清を蒸留水/アセトニトリル(体積比で1:1)の混合液で20倍に希釈し、フィルターろ過(孔径0.45μm)した後、HPLCに供した。
(1) Extraction operation The obtained test sample is cut into small pieces, 0.1 g of this is sampled, and then a 100 times volume of distilled water / acetonitrile (1: 1 by volume) mixture is added, and Teflon (registered trademark) is added. The sample was placed in a capped test tube and shaken at 30 ° C. for 40 minutes at 120 cycles / minute for extraction. The obtained extract was centrifuged at 3000 rpm × 5 minutes at 4 ° C., and the supernatant was diluted 20 times with a mixed solution of distilled water / acetonitrile (1: 1 by volume) and filtered (pore size: 0. 0). 45 μm) and subjected to HPLC.
(2)HPLC分析
以下の装置、条件及び試薬を用いてHPLC分析を行った。
(2)−1分析装置
・ポンプ:LC−20AD
・自動サンプルインジェクタ:SIL−20AC
・カラムオーブン:CTO−20AC
・システムコントローラ:CBM−20A(以上、島津製作所社製)
・ECD電子捕捉検出機:EC−8020(東ソー社製)
・カラム:ODS−80A(GLサイエンス社製)
(2) HPLC analysis HPLC analysis was performed using the following apparatus, conditions and reagents.
(2) -1 Analyzer / Pump: LC-20AD
・ Automatic sample injector: SIL-20AC
-Column oven: CTO-20AC
・ System controller: CBM-20A (Shimadzu Corporation)
-ECD electron capture detector: EC-8020 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)
Column: ODS-80A (manufactured by GL Sciences)
(2)−2分析条件
・移動相:
(1)0.1M NaH2PO4(pH2.5)−0.1mM EDTA・2Na
(2)アセトニトリル
(1):(2)=80:20
・流速:1mL/min
・オーブン温度:30℃
・印加電圧:600mV
(2) -2 Analysis conditions / mobile phase:
(1) 0.1M NaH2PO4 (pH 2.5) -0.1 mM EDTA · 2Na
(2) Acetonitrile (1) :( 2) = 80: 20
・ Flow rate: 1 mL / min
・ Oven temperature: 30 ℃
・ Applied voltage: 600mV
(2)−3標準試薬
・メチル化エピガロカテキンガレート(EGCG−3Me(epigallocatechin−3−O−(3−O−methyl)−gallate)、長良サイエンス社製)
・内部標準:n−プロピルガレート(n−propyl gallate、和光純薬工業社製)
・エピカテキン(EC(epicatechin)、和光純薬工業社製)
・エピカテキンガレート(ECG(epicatechin−3−O−gallate)、和光純薬工業社製)
・エピガロカテキン(EGC(epigallocatechin)、和光純薬工業社製)
・エピガロカテキンガレート(EGCG(epigallocatechin−3−O−gallate)、和光純薬工業社製)
(2) -3 standard reagent methylated epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG-3Me (epigallocatechin-3-O- (3-O-methyl) -gallate), manufactured by Nagara Science Co., Ltd.)
Internal standard: n-propyl gallate (n-propyl gallate, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
Epicatechin (EC (epicatechin), manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
Epicatechin gallate (ECG (epicatechin-3-O-gallate), manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
Epigallocatechin (EGC (epigallocatechin), manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate), manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
<試験結果>
緑茶からの水系抽出液のクロマトグラムの一例として、コントロール(サンプルNo.1)のものを図4に示した。
<Test results>
As an example of the chromatogram of the aqueous extract from green tea, the control (sample No. 1) is shown in FIG.
各サンプルのEGCG−3Meの含有量を表2及び図5に示した。なお、抽出操作は4回行い、表2にはその数値を示し、図5にはその平均値と標準偏差を示した。ここで、試験サンプルは半乾き状態の茶葉であったため、その分の水分含量が加算され、茶葉グラム当たりの濃度は相対的に低い値になっている。 The content of EGCG-3Me in each sample is shown in Table 2 and FIG. In addition, extraction operation was performed 4 times, the numerical value was shown in Table 2, and the average value and the standard deviation were shown in FIG. Here, since the test sample was a semi-dried tea leaf, the water content corresponding to that was added, and the concentration per gram of tea leaf was a relatively low value.
表2に示したとおり、白色光照射サンプル(サンプルNo.2)では、ばらつき(標準偏差)が大きいものの、EGCG−3Me含有量が増加する傾向が見られた。これに対して、紫外線照射サンプル(サンプルNo.5)はEGCG−3Me含有量が比較的低いという傾向が見られた。 As shown in Table 2, in the white light irradiation sample (sample No. 2), although the variation (standard deviation) was large, the EGCG-3Me content tended to increase. On the other hand, the ultraviolet irradiation sample (sample No. 5) tended to have a relatively low EGCG-3Me content.
本発明によって、わずかな設備投資で、より商品価値の高い緑茶を製造することが可能となる。 The present invention makes it possible to produce green tea with higher commercial value with a small capital investment.
1・・・光照射装置
2・・・光射出部
21・・・LED
3・・・電力供給部
4・・・判別部
5・・・光強度設定部
6・・・茶葉
7・・・ベルトコンベア
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Light irradiation apparatus 2 ... Light emission part 21 ... LED
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Electric power supply part 4 ... Discrimination part 5 ... Light intensity setting part 6 ... Tea leaf 7 ... Belt conveyor
Claims (3)
加熱された前記茶葉に赤、青及び緑の3色の光を混合してなる白色光を照射して、当該茶葉中のエピガロカテキンガレート及び/又はエピガロカテキンの含有量を増加させる工程を備えていることを特徴とするエピガロカテキンガレート及び/又はエピガロカテキンの含有量を増加させる茶葉の改質方法。 Heating the tea leaves; and
Irradiating the heated tea leaves with white light obtained by mixing light of three colors , red, blue and green, to increase the content of epigallocatechin gallate and / or epigallocatechin in the tea leaves A method for modifying tea leaves that increases the content of epigallocatechin gallate and / or epigallocatechin , characterized by comprising:
The method for modifying green tea according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the irradiation time of the white light is 15 to 20 minutes.
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