JP4925014B2 - Moisture evaporation cooling roof / wall structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a roof / wall structure of a building in which water is sprayed on the outer surface of the building, such as a roof or an outer wall, and the building is cooled by using vaporization heat taken when the water evaporates. The present invention relates to a moisture evaporative cooling roof / wall structure having a high cooling effect and having high durability against sunlight.

  Water is sprayed on the outer surface of the building, such as roofs and outer walls, and the surface temperature of the building structure is lowered using the heat of vaporization when the water on the surface evaporates to cool the interior of the building, reducing the load on the cooling equipment. The method of making it known is known.

  In such a cooling method, a water storage tank or a water supply pipe is provided at the upper part of the roof or outer wall, and the water discharged from these is made to flow down along the gradient to spray the surface of the roof or outer wall, or a water discharge device such as a sprinkler is installed on the roof or the outer wall. It was installed toward the wall surface, and the water was discharged and sprinkled.

  However, when water is allowed to flow down on a roof or the like, it is difficult to wet the entire roof uniformly because a so-called water channel is formed in which water always flows down a specific place. Moreover, the water immediately fell from the water discharge to the lower end of the roof, and a high cooling effect was not obtained for the amount of water used.

  On the other hand, when a sprinkler is used, a high water pressure and a large amount of water are required to reach water over a wide range, and water cannot be efficiently sprayed with a small amount of water, resulting in increased water consumption. there were. In addition, the water released from the sprinkler is caused to flow in an unexpected direction by wind or the like, and may not be sprayed to a desired location.

  Therefore, a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer is laminated on the surface of the building structure such as the roof and outer wall surface, and water is stored in advance in the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer from a water supply device, etc. It is considered to evaporate water released from the drainage polymer on the surface of the structure to cool the building.

  According to this invention, water can be widely spread over the entire outer surface of the structure, and when the temperature is low, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer retains the water inside to prevent wasteful consumption of water, On the other hand, when the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer 14 becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, the retained water is discharged and cooling by moisture evaporation is started. It has the effect that can be exhibited. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

Such a cooling system that uses the latent heat of vaporization of water consumes significantly less energy than a cooling system that uses electric power, etc., and is not a total heat generation system like electric cooling, thus preventing global warming. Is also effective.
Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-102902.

  However, since the conventional moisture evaporative cooling roof / wall structure has the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer provided on the surface of the building structure, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer is directly irradiated with sunlight. Therefore, with the passage of time, the water absorption / drainage performance of the temperature sensitive water absorption / drainage polymer may deteriorate.

  In addition, since the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer may be powdered and scattered by the wind if it is completely dried, it is necessary to replenish water appropriately to maintain the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer in a water-containing state. there were. Furthermore, there was a possibility that dust would be attached and fouled.

  The present invention solves the above problems, uniformly wets the structure of the building such as the roof surface and outer wall surface with a small amount of water, provides a high cooling effect due to evaporation of moisture, and has little deterioration over time and high durability. The object is to provide a moisture evaporative cooling roof / wall structure.

  In this invention, in order to solve the said subject, the water | moisture-content evaporative cooling roof and wall structure were comprised as follows.

In the first aspect of the present invention, in the roof / wall structure in which moisture is supplied by rain or rainwater from a water supply device installed in the upper part of the building, the outside of the structure constituting the roof / wall A coolant is provided on the surface, and this coolant is composed of a temperature-sensitive water- absorbing polymer contained in a fibrous resin or mixed with a fibrous resin and stored in a bag made of a protective material for protection. The material was a film material such as a non-woven fabric having a light shielding property and at least one of water absorption and water permeability, or vapor permeability.

  A structural body means the structural members which comprise a building, such as a roof and a wall.

  A temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer has a predetermined temperature-sensitive point for each temperature-sensitive water-draining polymer, and absorbs water when the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-draining polymer is lower than the temperature point. It is a water-absorbing and draining resin that has the property of discharging water held inside when it reaches the above temperature.

  The water absorption provided by the protective material refers to the property of absorbing water by the fiber or material itself. Say. The vapor passage property means a property of allowing at least vapor to pass in the front and back direction. The light shielding property may be not only the ability to completely block sunlight, but also the ability to block light having a wavelength that adversely affects the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing / draining polymer. Further, the surface may have light reflectivity.

  Examples of the protective material include non-woven fabrics and membrane materials such as cloth materials similar to Gore-Tex (trade name).

  Thereby, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer supplied with water from a water supply device or the like absorbs and holds water therein. When the outside air temperature rises and the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer reaches the temperature-sensing point, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer releases water, and the outside temperature decreases and the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer decreases. When the temperature is below the temperature-sensitive point, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer stops releasing water, and if water is supplied from a water supply device or the like, it absorbs water and holds it inside.

  Therefore, when the outside air temperature rises and the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer rises above the temperature-sensitive point, the water discharged from the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer is protected on the surface of the protective material or with vapor passage. In the case of a material, since it evaporates in the lower part of the protective material, a cooling effect is obtained in which the surface of the structure such as a roof or a wall is cooled by heat of vaporization. Furthermore, since the moisture is discharged only when the outside air temperature is high due to the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer, there is no wasteful consumption of water.

  Moreover, since sunlight is interrupted by the protective material, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing / draining polymer is not directly irradiated with sunlight or the like, and deterioration over time due to irradiation with sunlight or the like is prevented.

The coolant can be easily formed, and the ease of handling can be improved.

  An embodiment of a moisture evaporation cooling roof / wall structure of a building according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 shows the entire building.

  The building 2 includes a roof 3, an outer wall 5 having windows 4, a water storage tank 6 as a water supply device for storing rainwater, and the like, and the roof 3 is configured as a water evaporation cooling roof / wall structure with a coolant 13. ing. The water storage tank 6 is not limited to this configuration.

The moisture evaporative cooling roof / wall structure is formed of a structure 12 of the roof 3 and a coolant 13 provided on the structure 12 as shown in FIG. The cooling material 13 is formed by containing a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer 14 in a fibrous resin 15 and storing it in a film material 16 that is a protective material using a nonwoven fabric formed in a bag shape.

  The temperature-sensitive water-draining polymer 14 has a specific temperature (hereinafter, referred to as a temperature-sensitive point) determined for each temperature-sensitive water-draining polymer. It has the capability of absorbing and holding water inside and discharging the water held inside without absorbing water when the air temperature is higher than the temperature sensing point. For example, (N -Examples in which a water-absorbing resin was obtained by aqueous solution polymerization of isopropylacrylamide, sodium acrylate and diacetone acrylamide in the presence of a crosslinking agent) and (N-isopropylacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, acrylic described in JP-A-8-100010) An example of obtaining a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining gel containing inorganic particles by dissolving and dispersing acid and acid clay in water, adding an initiator in a nitrogen gas stream, and polymerizing them. The N- alkyl acrylamide such as N- isopropylacrylamide was polymerized crosslinking as a main component monomer resin and the like are known.

  In this type of temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer, a temperature-sensitive point can be arbitrarily set by appropriately selecting a monomer copolymerizable with N-alkylacrylamide. In the present invention, a temperature sensitive point of 25 ° C. to 30 ° C. is preferred.

  The film material 16 is made of a material having a light-shielding property that does not allow sunlight to pass therethrough and at least one of water-absorbing properties and water-permeable properties, and is formed in a bag shape having a side of about 30 cm to 1 m.

  Inside the membrane material 16, a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer 14 is mixed and stored in a fiber-like resin. By mixing the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 14 with the fibrous resin, the shape retention of the mixture with the temperature-sensitive water-draining polymer 14 is enhanced.

  The coolant 13 thus formed is arranged on the entire upper surface of the roof 3 and is fixed to the structure 12 using nails, screws, fixing brackets, and the like. The coolant 13 may be fixed to the structure 12 using an adhesive applied between the roof 3 and the like.

  The water storage tank 6 includes a storage container 17 that stores rainwater, an outlet 18 that opens at a lower portion of the storage container 17, an on-off valve (not shown) that opens and closes the outlet 18, and the like, and has a temperature detector. The on-off valve is actuated by a signal from a controller (not shown), and water flows out from the outlet 18. The outlet 18 is provided at an appropriate interval along the top of the roof 3, and the water discharged from the outlet 18 is applied to the coolant 13 attached to the uppermost stage.

  In addition, the water storage tank 6 does not need to be installed in the center of the roof 3, and may be arrange | positioned in the other place above a roof top part. In this case, piping is arranged from the water storage tank arranged above the roof top to the roof, and water is discharged from the outlet 18.

  Furthermore, the bottom part of the roof 3 is provided with a gutter 20 so that rainwater flowing down on the roof 3 can be stored in the water storage tank 21, and rainwater can be pumped from the water storage tank 21 to the water storage tank 6 using the pump 22. In addition, when water is insufficient, city water (tap water) or the like may be supplied to the water storage tank 21 or the water storage tank 6.

Next, the operation of the evaporative cooling roof / wall structure will be described.
The coolant 13 is supplied with rain or rain water from the water storage tank 6 in advance. When the outside air temperature is low and the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 14 is below the temperature-sensing point, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 14 does not hold and release water, so there is no need to cool the building at a relatively low temperature. No water is consumed.

  When the outside air temperature rises and the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 14 becomes equal to or higher than the temperature-sensitive point, water is released from the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 14. The discharged water oozes out to the surface of the film material 16 and evaporates to take heat of vaporization and cool the surface. As a result, the temperature of the roof 3 is lowered, the temperature in the building 2 is lowered, or the temperature rise is suppressed and a cooling effect is obtained.

  And if outside temperature falls and the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 14 falls below a temperature-sensitive point, discharge | release of the water from the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 14 will stop again.

  Therefore, when the outside air temperature is high, water is evaporated from the coolant 13, the surface temperature of the roof 3 is lowered, and the cooling effect of the building 2 is obtained. In addition, when the outside air temperature is lowered, the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 14 is lower than the temperature-sensitive point, and it is no longer necessary to reduce the room temperature of the building 2 by evaporation, the evaporation stops, which is useless. Water consumption is eliminated.

  When it is determined that the water content of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing / draining polymer 14 is decreasing, the on-off valve is opened to allow water to flow out of the water storage tank 6. The water that flows out of the water storage tank 6 is applied to the upper coolant 13, and the water is absorbed by the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 14 accommodated in the coolant 13.

  When the absorption of water in the coolant 13 becomes saturated, the water that has not been absorbed sequentially flows down to the coolant 13 below and is absorbed by each coolant 13 to the saturated state.

On the inclined surface, as shown in FIG. 4 , a plurality of horizontal pipes 19 are provided in the horizontal direction, and each horizontal pipe 19 is connected to a vertical pipe 23 extending from a water storage tank or the like so that water is supplied from each horizontal pipe 19. May be. If it does in this way, without supplying water to a saturated state, each coolant 13 can be made to contain a desired amount of water, and heat storage due to the heat capacity of water can be avoided.

  The on-off valve is opened when the outside air temperature rises and the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing / draining polymer 14 exceeds the temperature-sensing point and falls below the temperature-sensing point again. In addition, by taking into account the measured outside air temperature, the maximum temperature reached by the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 14, the time when the temperature has exceeded the temperature-sensitive point, etc., water corresponding to the amount of evaporation is temperature-sensitive water The functional polymer 14 can be appropriately supplemented.

FIG. 3 relates to a roof / wall structure in which a water supply device having a water storage tank is assembled. This is a method of filling the water storage tank 42 with a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 41 and controlling the water discharge from the water-storage tank 42 using the water-absorbing / drainage performance according to the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 41. . That is, a container 17 having an outlet 18 is installed at the top of the roof 3, and the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 41 is filled inside the container 17.

  The temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 41 has a characteristic of releasing water that has been retained when the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-draining polymer 41 exceeds the temperature-sensitive point, and absorbing water without releasing it at temperatures below the temperature-sensitive point. ing.

  Furthermore, a plurality of protruding pieces 43 made of a metal material having high thermal conductivity are attached to the inner wall of the water storage tank 42. The protrusion 43 extends inside the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 41 and transfers heat from the wall surface of the water storage tank 42 to the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 41 inside.

With this structure, the temperature-sensitive intake aqueous polymer 41 when the temperature exceeds the temperature-sensitive point of the thermosensitive intake aqueous polymer 41 releases water, which water flows out on the roof 3 from the outlet 18. Then, the surface temperature of the roof 3 is lowered by evaporative cooling of moisture, and the inside of the building 2 can be cooled.

  Therefore, by allowing the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 41 of the water storage tank 6 to absorb water, when the outside air temperature rises and the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-draining polymer 41 reaches the temperature sensing point, water is released and the temperature is increased. Water can be automatically sprayed onto the coolant such as the roof 3 and the outer wall 5 when the outside air temperature is high without using other measuring instruments, water pipe open / close valves, and the like. That is, it has a function of automatically opening and closing a valve according to a temperature change. In addition, rain water can be stored in the container 17 when it rains.

  Further, since the protrusion 43 is provided, the temperature around the water storage tank 42 and the temperature of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 41 stored in the water storage tank 42 can be brought close to each other, and the temperature change can be dealt with. Can be operated accurately.

  The water storage tank 42 is not installed at the top of the roof 3 as in the present embodiment, but is installed at another position higher than the top of the roof 3, and the water is supplied to the roof 3 by piping. Good.

Next, experimental examples will be described.
As shown in FIG. 5 , a plywood (ceiling surface), a resin-containing temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer and slag mortar are provided on the upper surface of a container made of a heat insulating material, and a thermometer and a heat flow meter inside the container are provided on the slag mortar. Prepare two experimental containers with a thermometer and a thermometer. Supply water to one temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer and supply water to the other temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer. The top surface was irradiated with sunlight.

  The results show that the outer surface temperature of the container decreases by 5.5 ° C. with respect to the temperature inside the container compared to the experimental container supplied with moisture, that is, when there is evaporative cooling, the experimental container not supplied with moisture. Decreased by 2 ° C., and the plywood (ceiling surface) heat flow decreased by 13 W / m 2.

  In addition, regarding the UV durability of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer, in the test for 100 hours (corresponding to use for about half a year) using an ultraviolet long life fade meter, the initial water absorption amount of 127 g / g of the polymer was 169 g / 100 after 100 hours. g, the polymer cross-linking was partially broken, and an increase in dissolved polymer was observed.

It is a fragmentary sectional view showing the moisture evaporation cooling roof and wall structure of the present invention. It is a perspective view of the building using the evaporative cooling structure of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a water supply apparatus. It is a figure which shows the example of piping. It is a figure which shows an experimental apparatus.

2; Building 3; Roof 4; Window 5; Outer wall 6, 42; Reservoir tank 12; Structure 13; Coolant 14; Temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer 15; Fibrous resin 16; Membrane material 17; Outlet 19; Horizontal piping 20; Reed 21; Reservoir 22; Pump 23; Vertical piping 43;

Claims (1)

In a roof / wall structure in which moisture is supplied by rain or rainwater from a water supply device installed in the upper part of the building, a coolant is provided on the outer surface of the structure constituting the roof / wall , The cooling material comprises a temperature-sensitive water- absorbing and draining polymer in a fibrous resin, or is mixed with the fibrous resin and stored in a bag made of a protective material . A moisture evaporative cooling roof / wall structure characterized in that it is a membrane material such as a nonwoven fabric having at least one of water absorption and water permeability, or vapor permeability.

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